WO2020134912A1 - 一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法 - Google Patents

一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134912A1
WO2020134912A1 PCT/CN2019/122770 CN2019122770W WO2020134912A1 WO 2020134912 A1 WO2020134912 A1 WO 2020134912A1 CN 2019122770 W CN2019122770 W CN 2019122770W WO 2020134912 A1 WO2020134912 A1 WO 2020134912A1
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Prior art keywords
valve body
valve
roller cone
sealed
cavity
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PCT/CN2019/122770
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈劲松
汪学军
汪杨志
胡敏
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湖北鸣利来合金钻具股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020134912A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134912A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
    • E21B10/25—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details characterised by sealing details

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well engineering and mining, and particularly relates to a roller cone bit and conversion method capable of realizing sealed and unsealed conversion.
  • the roller cone bit is the most widely used drilling bit. When working, the cutting teeth alternately contact the bottom of the hole. The contact area between the cutting teeth and the bottom of the hole is small and the specific pressure is high. It is easy to drill into the formation; the total length of the working edge is large, so Relatively reduce wear.
  • the roller cone bit can adapt to a variety of formations from soft to hard.
  • the bearings of roller cone bits need to be lubricated. To maintain good lubrication, it is necessary to prevent moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity and causing oil deterioration. In order to prevent moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity, there is a sealed mine roller cone bit, but it is actually a semi-sealed roller cone bit. Out of the need for environmental protection and the need to improve the working environment of rig operators, in mine mining, in order to prevent dust, it is customary to add water and dust during the drilling process. Moreover, the groundwater often caused water holes during the mining process.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure includes, for example, to provide a roller cone bit capable of achieving sealing and non-sealing conversion.
  • the roller cone bit can prevent moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity, thereby further improving the service life.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure also includes, for example, providing a method for sealing and unsealing conversion of a roller cone bit, which prevents moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity during operation of the roller cone bit, extending the service life of the roller cone bit and saving The cost of drilling operations.
  • a roller cone bit capable of realizing sealing and non-sealing conversion includes a palm and a roller cone, the palm is connected to the roller cone through a journal, and the inner hole port of the roller cone is provided with a bearing seal Ring, bearing seal ring and shaft journal cooperate to form bearing cavity;
  • a valve cavity is provided on the palm of the tooth, and the valve cavity communicates with the bearing cavity through the oil hole;
  • a switching valve is built in the valve cavity.
  • the switching valve includes a valve body.
  • a baffle plate is provided on the upper end of the valve body. Through holes are formed in the baffle plate and the lower end of the valve body. Several upper and lower end portions of the valve body are staggered. ;
  • the inner cavity of the valve body is provided with a spool valve which can move to the lower end of the valve body under gas pressure, and the baffle plate is configured to limit the spool valve;
  • the spool valve is I-shaped and is composed of an upper slide plate and a lower slide plate connected by a connecting rod; when the slide valve is located at the uppermost end of the inner cavity of the valve body, a number of vent holes at the upper end of the valve body are located above the lower slide plate of the slide valve .
  • the outer wall of the lower end of the valve body is provided with a first groove, and the first groove is provided with a valve body sealing ring.
  • a second groove is provided on the outer wall of the lower end slide of the slide valve, and a seal ring of the slide valve is provided in the second groove.
  • connection between the palm of the tooth and the roller cone is set such that the roller cone can rotate about its central axis to flexibly drill into the formation while drilling.
  • valve body sealing ring is disposed between the valve cavity and the first groove, and is configured to closely abut the inner wall of the valve cavity and the inner wall of the first groove.
  • the first groove is provided farther from the bearing cavity than the vent hole at the lower end of the valve body.
  • the upper end slide plate, the lower end slide plate and the connecting rod are integrally formed.
  • the spool sealing ring is disposed between the second groove and the valve body, and is configured to closely abut the inner wall of the second groove and the inner wall of the valve body.
  • the baffle is provided with an engaging portion having a shape corresponding to the upper end slide plate and configured to receive the upper end slide plate when the slide valve slides to the upper end portion To limit the spool valve.
  • the shape of the lower end slide plate is configured to closely fit the inner wall of the valve body.
  • the upper end slide plate is arranged in a strip shape, and both ends of the strip are in contact with the inner wall of the valve body, and formed between the two sides of the strip and the inner wall of the valve body The channel allows air to pass through the channel and act on the lower slide.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the outer circumference of the roller cone, and the size and density of the plurality of protrusions are set according to the hardness of the formation to be drilled.
  • a method for making a cone roller bit to perform a sealed and unsealed conversion includes the following steps:
  • the compressed gas provided by the supply source is applied to the lower slide of the slide valve through the vent hole provided at the upper end of the valve body, and pushes the lower slide toward the valve body The lower end of the mobile;
  • arranging the spool valve at the upper end of the valve body includes: arranging the spool valve such that the ventilation hole at the upper end of the valve body is located between the lower end slide plate and the baffle of the spool valve between.
  • the roller cone bit when the lower end slide plate moves to the lower end portion, the roller cone bit enters a semi-sealed state including: when the spool valve moves to the lowermost end of the valve body, passing the lower end portion of the valve body The staggered ventilation holes communicate with the outside world, but the bearing seal ring remains sealed, so that the roller cone bit enters a semi-sealed state.
  • the compressed air is provided by a drilling rig.
  • the present disclosure designs a switching valve for a roller cone bit.
  • the switching valve can achieve full sealing of the bearing cavity during the operation of the roller cone bit, thereby preventing moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity, thereby further improving the roller cone bit.
  • the service life, thereby saving the cost of drilling operations, is conducive to the development of the drilling industry.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a roller cone bit in a fully sealed state in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a roller cone bit in a semi-sealed state in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a roller cone bit in an unsealed state in an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a valve body in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spool valve in an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a baffle in an embodiment.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable Connected, or connected integrally; either mechanically or electrically; directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or internally connected between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable Connected, or connected integrally; either mechanically or electrically; directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or internally connected between two components.
  • a roller cone bit includes a palm 1 and a roller cone 2.
  • the palm 1 is connected to the roller cone 2 through a journal 3.
  • the connection between the palm 1 and the roller cone 2 is set so that the roller cone 2 can rotate about its central axis in order to flexibly drill into the formation while drilling.
  • the cone 2 has the shape of a vertebral body, and its central axis is the connecting line from the tapered top to the midpoint of the tapered bottom.
  • the cone 2 may have various shapes that are convenient for excavation, such as an ellipsoid, an irregular cylinder, and the like.
  • roller cone 2 facing the palm 1 is provided with a recess, which can be called an inner hole port, and the other end of the roller cone 2 is closed.
  • the inner hole port is arranged to receive the journal 3, and the connection between the inner hole port and the journal 3 is provided with a bearing seal ring 4, the bearing seal ring 4 and the journal 3 cooperate to form a bearing cavity, and lubricate the cavity Seal it.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the outer circumference of the roller cone 2, and the size and density of the plurality of protrusions can be set arbitrarily or can be set according to the requirements of the hardness of the formation to be drilled, for example, when the drilling texture is hard and possible
  • the cone 2 with a larger size can be used and arranged relatively sparsely.
  • the tooth palm 1 is provided with a valve cavity, and the valve cavity communicates with the bearing cavity through the oil hole 5.
  • a switching valve is arranged in the valve cavity.
  • the switching valve includes a valve body 6.
  • the valve body 6 is a hollow valve body, and a baffle 7 is provided at one end of the valve body 6, which can be called an upper end, that is, the end away from the journal 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3
  • the inner cavity of the valve body 6 is provided with a slide valve 8 that can slide along the inner cavity, and the slide valve 8 is configured to squeeze the lubricating oil in the valve body.
  • the baffle 7 can limit the spool valve 8.
  • the baffle 7 is provided with a first through hole 9a. Specifically, a schematic structural diagram of the baffle 7 is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the end of the valve body 6 near the journal 3, that is, the lower end is provided with a second through hole 9b. It can be seen that the inner cavity of the valve body 6 can be in fluid communication with the bearing cavity through the second through hole 9b.
  • the above-mentioned upper and lower ends are not specifically limited to the left and right ends of the valve body 6 as shown in the figure, which are not limiting, but only for The solution of the present disclosure will be described.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic structural diagram of the valve body 6 is shown, where FIG. 4(b) is a left side view of the AA section of the valve body 6 shown in FIG. 4(a), and FIG. 4(c) is FIG. 4(a) Left side view of the BB section of the valve body 6 shown.
  • a plurality of vent holes 10 are alternately distributed along the outer periphery of the valve body 6.
  • a continuous first groove is provided along the outer wall of the valve body 6 in the circumferential direction, and a valve body seal ring 11 is provided in the first groove.
  • the valve body sealing ring 11 is disposed between the valve cavity and the first groove, and is configured to closely abut the inner wall of the valve cavity and the inner wall of the first groove to achieve the sealing effect.
  • first groove at the lower end of the valve body 6 may be provided farther from the bearing cavity than the vent hole 10 at the lower end of the valve body 6, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 only.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic structural diagram of the spool valve 8 is shown, where FIG. 5(b) is a top view of FIG. 5(a).
  • the spool valve 8 is I-shaped, and includes an upper end slide 8a, a lower end slide 8b, and a connecting rod 8c that connects the upper end slide 8a and the lower end slide 8b together.
  • the shape of the lower end slide plate 8b is configured to closely fit the inner wall of the valve body 6, and a continuous second groove is provided along the outer wall of the lower end slide plate in the circumferential direction, and the slide valve seal ring 12 is provided in the second groove.
  • the spool valve sealing ring 12 is disposed between the second groove and the valve body 6 and is configured to closely abut the inner wall of the second groove and the inner wall of the valve body 6 to achieve the sealing effect.
  • the upper end slide 8a does not need to be arranged to cooperate with the inner wall of the valve body 6, in one embodiment, the upper end slide 8a may be arranged in a strip shape, as shown in FIG. 5, ie, both ends of the strip and the valve body
  • the inner wall of 6 is in contact, and a channel is formed between the two sides and the inner wall of the valve body 6.
  • the upper end slide 8a can be configured so that air can pass through the passage between it and the inner wall of the valve body 6 to contact the lower end slide 8b; the upper end slide 8a can also be configured to engage with the baffle 7 so that the baffle 7 Realize the limit to the slide valve 8.
  • a blocking portion may be provided in the baffle 7.
  • the catching portion may have a shape corresponding to the upper end slide plate 8a and is configured to receive the upper end slide plate 8a when the slide valve 8 slides to the upper end portion of the valve body 6, so as to realize the restriction of the slide valve 8.
  • the switching valve can realize the transition from the sealed state of the roller cone bit to the unsealed state.
  • the working principle is:
  • the spool valve 8 When the roller cone bit starts working, the spool valve 8 is located at the uppermost end of the inner cavity of the valve body 6, and at this time, a number of vent holes 10 at the upper end of the valve body 6 correspond to the position of the spool valve 8, specifically, the upper end of the valve body 6 A number of vent holes 10 are located above the lower end slide 8a of the slide valve 8. At this time, the bearing cavity, the valve cavity and the valve body cavity at the lower end of the spool are filled with oil.
  • the spool valve seal ring 12 and the bearing seal ring 4 separate the bearing cavity from the outside world to form a fully sealed structure, as shown in FIG. 1, The roller cone bit is a fully sealed bit.
  • the drilling rig provides compressed air with a pressure of 0.2MPa to 0.4MPa.
  • the compressed air passes through the inner hole of the drill rod and the inner hole of the bit joint Through several vent holes 10 at the upper end of the valve body 6, it enters the inner cavity of the valve body 6, and acts on the slide valve 8.
  • the slide valve 8 slowly moves down along the inner cavity of the valve body 6, that is, toward the lower end of the valve body 6.
  • the vent holes 10 staggered at the lower end of the valve body 6 communicate with the outside world.
  • the switching valve is in an unsealed working state, but the valve cavity and the bearing cavity are filled with lubricating oil, and The bearing seal ring 4 provided at the inner hole port of the cone 2 has not failed, and at this time, the switching valve is converted into a semi-sealed structure, and the cone bit is in a semi-sealed working state, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the bearing With the loss of lubricating oil in the bearing cavity and the failure of the bearing sealing ring 4, it is converted into an unsealed structure at this time, the bearing is in an unsealed working state, and the roller cone bit is in an unsealed working state, see FIG.
  • a method for making a roller cone bit perform a sealed non-sealed conversion.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the supply source may be a drilling rig.
  • providing the spool valve 8 at the upper end of the valve body 6 includes: arranging the spool valve 8 such that the vent hole 10 at the upper end of the valve body 6 is located at the position of the spool valve 8 Between the lower end slide 8b and the baffle 7.
  • the roller cone bit enters a semi-sealed state includes: when the slide valve 8 moves to the lowermost end of the valve body 6, passing the The staggered vent holes 10 at the lower end of the valve body 6 communicate with the outside world, but the bearing seal ring 4 still keeps the seal, so that the roller cone bit enters a semi-sealed state.
  • the present disclosure provides a roller cone bit capable of realizing sealed non-sealed conversion and a conversion method thereof.
  • the roller cone bit includes a palm and a roller cone.
  • the palm is connected to the roller cone through a journal.
  • a bearing seal ring is provided at the inner hole port of the roller cone. The bearing seal ring and the journal cooperate to form a bearing cavity.
  • a valve cavity is provided on the palm , The valve cavity communicates with the bearing cavity through the oil hole; the valve cavity is built with a switching valve, the switching valve includes a valve body, a baffle is provided on the upper end of the valve body, and a through hole is opened on the baffle and the lower end of the valve body; the upper end of the valve body Several vent holes are staggered in the lower part and the lower part; the inner cavity of the valve body is provided with a spool valve that can move to the lower end of the valve body under gas pressure; the spool valve is I-shaped, and is composed of an upper slide plate and a lower slide plate connected by a connecting rod; When the spool valve is located at the uppermost end of the inner cavity of the valve body, several vent holes at the upper end of the valve body are located above the lower end slide of the spool valve.
  • the roller cone bit of the present disclosure can achieve full sealing of the bearing cavity during the working process, thereby preventing moisture and impurities from entering the bearing cavity and prolonging the service

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Abstract

一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头及转换方法，包括牙掌（1）和牙轮（2），牙掌（1）通过轴颈（3）与牙轮（2）相连，牙轮（2）内孔端口设置有轴承密封圈（4），轴承密封圈（4）与轴颈（3）相配合形成轴承腔；牙掌（1）上设置有阀腔，阀腔通过油孔（5）与轴承腔导通；阀腔内置有转换阀，转换阀包括阀体（6），阀体（6）上端口设有挡板（7），挡板（7）及阀体（6）下端均开设有通孔；阀体（6）上端部和下端部均交错分布若干通气孔（10）；阀体（6）内腔设有可在气体压力下向阀体（6）下端移动的滑阀（8）；滑阀（8）呈工字型，由上端滑板（8a）和下端滑板（8b）通过连接杆（8c）连接构成；当滑阀（8）位于阀体（6）的内腔最上端时，阀体（6）上端部的若干通气孔（10）均位于滑阀（8）的下端滑板（8b）上方。该牙轮钻头在工作过程中可实现轴承腔的全密封，从而避免水分和杂质进入轴承腔。

Description

一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年12月28日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201811624315.8、名称为“一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开属于油气井工程及矿山开采技术领域，尤其涉及一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法。
背景技术
牙轮钻头是使用最广泛的一种钻井钻头，其工作时切削齿交替接触井底，切削齿与井底接触面积小，比压高，易于钻入地层中；其工作刃总长度大，因而相对减少磨损。牙轮钻头能够适应硬度从软到坚硬的多种地层。
目前，为了提高矿用牙轮钻头的使用寿命，需要对牙轮钻头的轴承进行润滑，要保持良好的润滑，则要避免水分和杂质进入轴承内腔，造成油品的变质。为避免水分和杂质进入轴承内腔，有密封性矿用牙轮钻头，但其实际为半密封结构的牙轮钻头。出于环保需要以及对钻机操作人员的工作环境进行改善的需求，在矿山开采中，为了防尘，习惯在钻孔过程中加水除尘。而且，开采过程中经常遇到地下水造成水孔。正是由于这些情况，水通过注油管进入轴承内腔，造成润滑油变质，影响轴承润滑，加速轴承的磨损和发热，造成轴承密封圈8的快速失效，减少牙轮钻头使用寿命。有数据显示，相对于理论寿命，牙轮钻头的实际寿命减少了30％。
发明内容
本公开的目的例如包括提供一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，该牙轮钻头可避免水分和杂质进入轴承内腔，从而可进一步提高使用寿命。
本公开的目的例如还包括提供一种使牙轮钻头进行密封非密封转换的方法，该方法避免水分和杂质在牙轮钻头在作业期间进入轴承腔，延长了牙轮钻头的使用寿命，节约了钻井作业的成本。
本公开的实施例例如可以以如下方式来实现，并且能够实现例如如下有益效果。
根据本公开实施例提供的一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，包括牙掌和牙轮，所述牙掌通过轴颈与所述牙轮相连，牙轮内孔端口设置有轴承密封圈，轴承密封圈与轴颈相配合形成轴承腔；
所述牙掌上设置有阀腔，阀腔通过油孔与轴承腔导通；
阀腔内置有转换阀，所述转换阀包括阀体，阀体上端部设有挡板，挡板及阀体下端部均开设有通孔；阀体上端部和下端部均交错分布若干通气孔；
阀体内腔设有可在气体压力下向阀体下端部移动的滑阀，挡板被配置成对滑阀进行限位；
所述滑阀呈工字型，由上端滑板和下端滑板通过连接杆连接构成；当滑阀位于阀体的内腔最上端时，阀体上端部的若干通气孔均位于滑阀的下端滑板上方。
可选地，所述阀体下端部外壁设置第一凹槽，第一凹槽内设阀体密封圈。
可选地，所述滑阀的下端滑板外壁设置第二凹槽，该第二凹槽内设滑阀密封圈。
可选地，所述牙掌与所述牙轮之间的连接被设置成使得所述牙轮能够围绕自身的中心轴线旋转，以在钻井时灵活地钻入地层中。
可选地，所述阀体密封圈设置在所述阀腔与所述第一凹槽之间，并且被配置成紧密地抵靠所述阀腔的内壁和所述第一凹槽的内壁。
可选地，所述第一凹槽被设置成比所述阀体的下端部处的通气孔离所述轴承腔更远。
可选地，所述上端滑板、所述下端滑板以及所述连接杆为一体成型的。
可选地，所述滑阀密封圈设置在所述第二凹槽与所述阀体之间，并且被配置成紧密地抵靠所述第二凹槽的内壁和所述阀体的内壁。
可选地，所述挡板设置有卡接部，所述卡接部具有与所述上端滑板相对应的形状并且被构造成在所述滑阀滑动到所述上端部时接收所述上端滑板，以对所述滑阀进行限位。
可选地，所述下端滑板的形状被设置成与所述阀体的内壁紧密配合。
可选地，所述上端滑板被设置成条状，所述条的两端与所述阀体的内壁接触，而在所述条的两个侧边则与所述阀体的内壁之间形成通道，使得空气可以经过所述通道后作用在所述下端滑板上。
可选地，所述牙轮的外周上设置有多个凸起，所述多个凸起的大小和密集程度根据待钻探地层的坚硬程度设置。
根据本公开实施例提供的一种使牙轮钻头进行密封非密封转换的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
a)在轴承腔、油孔以及阀体的内腔中充满润滑油，将滑阀设置在阀体的上端部处，从而使牙轮钻头处于全密封状态；
b)随着润滑油的消耗，由供应源提供的压缩气体穿过阀体的上端部处设置的通气孔施加在所述滑阀的下端滑板上，并推动所述下端滑板朝向所述阀体的下端部移动；
c)当所述下端滑板移动到所述下端部时，所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态；
d)随着轴承腔、油孔以及阀体的内腔中的润滑油的损耗，轴承密封圈失效，所述牙轮 钻头进入非密封状态。
可选地，将滑阀设置在阀体的上端部处包括：将滑阀设置成使得所述阀体的上端部处的通风孔位于所述滑阀的所述下端滑板与所述挡板之间。
可选地，所述下端滑板移动到所述下端部时，所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态包括：当所述滑阀移动至所述阀体最下端时，通过所述阀体的下端部处交错分布的通气孔与外界相通，但轴承密封圈仍然保持密封，使得所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态。
可选地，所述压缩空气为钻机提供。
本公开具有如下优点和有益效果：
本公开设计了一种用于牙轮钻头的转换阀，该转换阀可在牙轮钻头工作过程中实现轴承腔的全密封，从而避免水分和杂质进入轴承腔，从而可进一步提高牙轮钻头的使用寿命，进而节约了钻井作业的成本，有利于钻井行业的发展。
附图说明
图1为实施例中全密封状态下牙轮钻头的结构示意图；
图2为实施例中半密封状态下牙轮钻头的结构示意图；
图3为实施例中非密封状态下牙轮钻头的结构示意图；
图4为实施例中阀体的结构示意图；
图5为实施例中滑阀的结构示意图；
图6为实施例中挡板的结构示意图。
图中：1-牙掌，2-牙轮，3-轴颈，4-轴承密封圈，5-油孔，6-阀体，7-挡板，8-滑阀，8a-上端滑板，8b-下端滑板，8c-连接杆，9a-第一通孔，9b-第二通孔，10-通气孔，11-阀体密封圈，12-滑阀密封圈。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本公开进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
除非上下文明确地要求，则在说明书和权利要求通篇，词语“包括”等视为包含意义，与专属或全面意义相对；即，取“包括但不限于”的意义。使用单数或复数的词语也分别包括复数或单数。此外，在本申请中使用词语“在此”、“在此”、“上面”、“下面”以及类似意义的词语时是指整个本申请，并不指本申请任何特别部分。当引用两个或多个项的清单使用词语“或”时，该词语覆盖下面所有对该词的解释：清单中任何项、清单中所有项以及清单中项的任何结合。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、 “水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位配置和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义
参见图1-3，牙轮钻头包括牙掌1和牙轮2，牙掌1通过轴颈3与牙轮2相连。牙掌1与牙轮2之间的连接被设置成使得牙轮2可以围绕自身的中心轴线旋转，以便在钻井时灵活地钻入地层中。
根据图1中所示的，牙轮2具有椎体形状，其中心轴线为锥形顶端到锥形底部中点的连接线。牙轮2可以具有便于挖掘的各种形状，例如椭球体、不规则柱体等。
牙轮2朝向牙掌1的一端部设置有一凹部，该端部可以称为内孔端口，牙轮2的另一端则为封闭的。内孔端口被设置成便于接收轴颈3，并且内孔端口与轴颈3的连接处设置有轴承密封圈4，轴承密封圈4与轴颈3相配合形成轴承腔，并且对腔内润滑油进行密封。牙轮2的外周上设置有多个凸起，所述多个凸起的大小和密集程度可以随意设置或者可以根据待钻探地层的坚硬程度等要求来设置，例如，在钻探质地较硬且可能产生的碎石较大的层面时，可以利用尺寸较大的牙轮2并且将其布置的较为稀疏。
所述牙掌1中设置有阀腔，阀腔通过油孔5与轴承腔导通。阀腔内设置有转换阀。所述转换阀包括阀体6。阀体6为一中空阀体，在阀体6的一端部设有挡板7，该端部可以称为上端部，即远离轴颈3的一端，如图1至图3中所示的阀体6的左侧端口。阀体6的内腔设有可沿内腔滑动的滑阀8，该滑阀8被配置成可以对阀体内润滑油进行挤压。当滑阀8位于阀体6的上端部处时，挡板7可以对滑阀8进行限位。挡板7中设置有第一通孔9a，具体地，挡板7的结构示意图如图6中所示的。
阀体6的靠近轴颈3的一端，即下端部开设有第二通孔9b。由此可见，阀体6的内腔可以通过第二通孔9b与轴承腔流体导通。
特别地，如本领域技术人员可知的，上述的上端部和下端部并不特定地限定为阀体6的如图所示的左侧端和右侧端，其并非限制的意义，而只是为了说明本公开的方案。
参见图4，所示为阀体6的结构示意图，其中，图4(b)为图4(a)中所示阀体6的A-A剖面左视图，图4(c)为图4(a)所示阀体6的B-B剖面左视图。在阀体6的上端部 和下端部处，沿着阀体6的外周均交错分布若干通气孔10。此外，在阀体6的下端部处，沿阀体6的外壁在周向上设置有连续的第一凹槽，第一凹槽内设置有阀体密封圈11。具体地，该阀体密封圈11设置在阀腔与第一凹槽之间，并且被配置成紧密地抵靠阀腔的内壁和第一凹槽的内壁，以实现密封的效果。
另外，阀体6的下端部处的第一凹槽可以被设置成比阀体6的下端部处的通气孔10离轴承腔更远，例如如图1只图3中所示的。
参见图5，所示为滑阀8的结构示意图，其中，图5(b)为图5(a)的俯视图。由图中可知，所述滑阀8呈工字型，并且包括上端滑板8a、下端滑板8b以及将上端滑板8a和下端滑板8b连接在一起的连接杆8c。
下端滑板8b的形状被设置成与阀体6的内壁紧密配合，并且沿该下端滑板的外壁在周向上设置有连续的第二凹槽，该第二凹槽内设滑阀密封圈12。具体地，该滑阀密封圈12设置在第二凹槽与阀体6之间，并且被配置成紧密地抵靠第二凹槽的内壁和阀体6的内壁，以实现密封的效果。
上端滑板8a不需要被设置成与阀体6的内壁进行配合，在一实施方式中，该上端滑板8a可以设置成条状，如图5中所示的，即，条的两端与阀体6的内壁接触，而在两个侧边则与阀体6的内壁之间形成通道。上端滑板8a可以被配置成使空气可以从其与阀体6的内壁之间的通道穿过，进而接触到下端滑板8b；上端滑板8a还可以被配置成与挡板7接合，从而使挡板7实现对滑阀8的限位。
于一具体的实施方式，挡板7中还可以设置一卡接部。该卡接部可以具有与上端滑板8a相对应的形状并且被构造成在滑阀8滑动到阀体6的上端部时接收该上端滑板8a，以实现对滑阀8的限位。
该转换阀可实现牙轮钻头密封状态到非密封状态的转换，工作原理为：
牙轮钻头刚开始工作时，滑阀8位于阀体6的内腔最上端，此时阀体6的上端部的若干通气孔10与滑阀8位置对应，具体来说，阀体6上端部的若干通气孔10均位于滑阀8的下端滑板8a上方。此时轴承腔、阀腔以及滑阀下端的阀体内腔内充满油，滑阀密封圈12及轴承密封圈4将轴承腔与外界隔开，形成全密封结构，见图1所示，此时牙轮钻头为全密封钻头。
牙轮钻头的工作运行过程中，轴承腔内润滑油损耗，逐步形成真空腔，此时，钻机提供压力为0.2MPa～0.4MPa的压缩空气，压缩空气经钻杆内孔、钻头接头内孔后，通过阀体6上端部的若干通气孔10进入阀体6内腔，并作用于滑阀8上。在压缩空气推动下，滑阀8沿阀体6内腔缓慢下移，即朝向阀体6的下端部移动。当滑阀8移动至阀体6最下端时，通过阀体6下端部交错分布的通气孔10与外界相通，此时转换阀处于非密封工作状态，但 阀腔及轴承腔充满润滑油，且牙轮2内孔端口设置的轴承密封圈4没有失效，此时转换阀转换成半密封结构，牙轮钻头处于半密封工作状态，见图2所示。随着轴承腔内润滑油损耗及轴承密封圈4的失效，此时转换成非密封结构，轴承处于非密封工作状态，牙轮钻头处于非密封工作状态，见图3。
在本公开又一实施方式中，提供了一种使牙轮钻头进行密封非密封转换的方法。
该方法包括下述步骤：
a)在轴承腔、油孔5以及阀体6的内腔中充满润滑油，将滑阀8设置在阀体6的上端部处，从而使牙轮钻头处于全密封状态；
b)随着润滑油的消耗，由供应源提供的压缩气体通过阀体6的上端部设置的通气孔10施加在滑阀8的下端滑板8b上，并推动该下端滑板8b朝向阀体6的下端部移动；
c)当下端滑板8b移动到阀体6的下端部时，牙轮钻头处于半密封状态；
d)随着轴承腔、油孔5以及阀体6的内腔中的润滑油的损耗，牙轮钻头处于非密封状态。
在一实施方式中，该供应源可以为钻机。
在一实施方式中，，将滑阀8设置在阀体6的上端部处包括：将滑阀8设置成使得所述阀体6的上端部处的通风孔10位于所述滑阀8的所述下端滑板8b与所述挡板7之间。
在一实施方式中，所述下端滑板8b移动到所述下端部时，所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态包括：当所述滑阀8移动至所述阀体6最下端时，通过所述阀体6的下端部处交错分布的通气孔10与外界相通，但轴承密封圈4仍然保持密封，使得所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态。
上述实施例仅为多种实施例中的一种，对于本领域内的技术人员，在上述说明基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动，而这些属于本公开实质精神而衍生出的其他变化或变动仍属于本公开保护范围。
工业实用性
本公开提供了一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头及其转换方法。该牙轮钻头包括牙掌和牙轮，牙掌通过轴颈与牙轮相连，牙轮内孔端口设置有轴承密封圈，轴承密封圈与轴颈相配合形成轴承腔；牙掌上设置有阀腔，阀腔通过油孔与轴承腔导通；阀腔内置有转换阀，转换阀包括阀体，阀体上端部设有挡板，挡板及阀体下端部均开设有通孔；阀体上端部和下端部均交错分布若干通气孔；阀体内腔设有可在气体压力下向阀体下端部移动的滑阀；滑阀呈工字型，由上端滑板和下端滑板通过连接杆连接构成；当滑阀位于阀体的内腔最上端时，阀体上端部的若干通气孔均位于滑阀的下端滑板上方。本公开牙轮钻头在工作过程中可实现轴承腔的全密封，从而避免水分和杂质进入轴承腔，延长了使用寿命。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，包括牙掌(1)和牙轮(2)，所述牙掌(1)通过轴颈(3)与所述牙轮(2)相连，牙轮(2)内孔端口设置有轴承密封圈(4)，轴承密封圈(4)与轴颈(3)相配合形成轴承腔；其特征在于：
    所述牙掌(1)上设置有阀腔，阀腔通过油孔(5)与轴承腔导通；
    阀腔内置有转换阀，所述转换阀包括阀体(6)，阀体(6)上端部设有挡板(7)，挡板(7)及阀体(6)下端部均开设有通孔；阀体(6)上端部和下端部均交错分布若干通气孔(10)；
    阀体(6)内腔设有可在气体压力下向阀体(6)的下端部移动的滑阀(8)，挡板(7)被配置成对滑阀(8)进行限位；
    所述滑阀(8)呈工字型，由上端滑板(8a)和下端滑板(8b)通过连接杆(8c)连接构成；当滑阀(8)位于阀体(6)的内腔最上端时，阀体(6)的上端部的若干通气孔(10)均位于滑阀(8)的下端滑板(8b)上方。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：
    所述阀体(6)的下端部外壁设置第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽内设阀体密封圈(11)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：
    所述滑阀(8)的下端滑板(8a)外壁设置第二凹槽，该第二凹槽内设滑阀密封圈(12)。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述牙掌(1)与所述牙轮(2)之间的连接被设置成使得所述牙轮(2)能够围绕自身的中心轴线旋转。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述阀体密封圈(11)设置在所述阀腔与所述第一凹槽之间，并且被配置成紧密地抵靠所述阀腔的内壁和所述第一凹槽的内壁。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述第一凹槽被设置成比所述阀体(6)的下端部处的通气孔(10)离所述轴承腔更远。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述上端滑板(8a)、所述下端滑板(8b)以及所述连接杆(8c)为一体成型的。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述滑阀密封圈(12)设置在所述第二凹槽与所述阀体(6)之间，并且被配置成紧 密地抵靠所述第二凹槽的内壁和所述阀体(6)的内壁。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述挡板(7)设置有卡接部，所述卡接部具有与所述上端滑板(8a)相对应的形状并且被构造成在所述滑阀(8)滑动到所述上端部时接收所述上端滑板(8a)。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述下端滑板(8b)的形状被设置成与所述阀体(6)的内壁紧密配合。
  11. 如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述上端滑板(8a)被设置成条状，所述条的两端与所述阀体(6)的内壁接触，而在所述条的两个侧边则与所述阀体(6)的内壁之间形成通道，使得空气可以经过所述通道后作用在所述下端滑板(8b)上。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头，其特征在于：所述牙轮(2)的外周上设置有多个凸起，所述多个凸起的大小和密集程度根据待钻探地层的坚硬程度设置。
  13. 一种使根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的牙轮钻头进行密封非密封转换的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
    a)在轴承腔、油孔(5)以及阀体(6)的内腔中充满润滑油，将滑阀(8)设置在阀体(6)的上端部处，从而使牙轮钻头处于全密封状态；
    b)随着润滑油的消耗，由供应源提供的压缩气体穿过阀体(6)的上端部处设置的通气孔(10)施加在所述滑阀(8)的下端滑板(8b)上，并推动所述下端滑板(8b)朝向所述阀体(6)的下端部移动；
    c)当所述下端滑板(8b)移动到所述下端部时，所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态；以及
    d)随着轴承腔、油孔(5)以及阀体(6)的内腔中的润滑油的损耗，轴承密封圈(4)失效，所述牙轮钻头进入非密封状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，将滑阀(8)设置在阀体(6)的上端部处包括：将滑阀(8)设置成使得所述阀体(6)的上端部处的通风孔(10)位于所述滑阀(8)的所述下端滑板(8b)与所述挡板(7)之间。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，所述下端滑板(8b)移动到所述下端部时，所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态包括：当所述滑阀(8)移动至所述阀体(6)最下端时，通过所述阀体(6)的下端部处交错分布的通气孔(10)与外界相通，但轴承密封圈(4)仍然保持密封，使得所述牙轮钻头进入半密封状态。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的方法，所述压缩空气为钻机提供。
PCT/CN2019/122770 2018-12-28 2019-12-03 一种能实现密封非密封转换的牙轮钻头以及转换方法 WO2020134912A1 (zh)

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