WO2020134082A1 - 一种路径规划方法、装置和移动设备 - Google Patents
一种路径规划方法、装置和移动设备 Download PDFInfo
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of simultaneous positioning and map construction SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), in particular to a path planning method, device and mobile device based on simultaneous positioning and map construction.
- SLAM Simultaneous Localization And Mapping
- SLAM is also well known and is considered to be one of the key technologies in these fields.
- SLAM is a robot that starts from an unknown location in an unknown environment, locates its position and posture through repeated observations of map features (such as corners, pillars, etc.) during movement, and then builds a map incrementally according to its position to achieve simultaneous The purpose of location and map construction.
- SLAM based on RGB-D camera
- SLAM based on vision
- SLAM based on laser sensor there are three main solutions: SLAM based on RGB-D camera, SLAM based on vision and SLAM based on laser sensor.
- Laser SLAM is currently a relatively mature positioning and navigation solution.
- most laser-based SLAM use filter algorithms, probability algorithms, least squares, and graph optimization, such as the commonly used GMapping, Hector SLAM, Karto SLAM and other algorithms, no matter which Algorithms need to generate grid maps, that is, divide the entire environment into several grids of the same size.
- the raster map is easy to construct, the resolution of the raster map does not depend on the complexity of the environment, resulting in problems such as low path planning efficiency and wasted space.
- the invention provides a path planning method, device and mobile device based on synchronous positioning and map construction, which improves path planning efficiency and saves storage resources.
- a path planning method based on simultaneous positioning and map construction including:
- a predetermined algorithm is used to calculate the optimal path from the starting point to the set target point.
- a path planning device based on synchronous positioning and map construction including:
- the grid map construction unit collects the environmental information in the perspective through the sensors of the mobile device, uses the synchronous positioning and map construction SLAM algorithm to process the environmental information, and constructs a grid map;
- the raster map processing unit divides the raster map to obtain multiple pixel blocks, and takes the area formed by the pixel blocks occupied by obstacles as the search area for path planning, and obtains the processed raster map;
- the topology map construction unit uses the pixels in the search area to determine the reference point, and lays out the topology points on the processed raster map according to the determined reference points and constructs the topology map;
- the path planning unit uses a predetermined algorithm to calculate the optimal path between the starting point and the set target point according to the constructed topological map.
- a mobile device including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor are connected via an internal bus communication, the memory stores program instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the program instructions are processed When the device is executed, it can implement a path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction in one aspect of the present application.
- pixel blocks are obtained by dividing the constructed grid map, and the area composed of pixel blocks occupied by obstacles is used as the search area for path planning, Use the pixels in the search area to determine the reference point and lay out the topological points on the grid map to construct the topological map, and then calculate the optimal path between the starting point and the set target point according to the constructed topological map.
- the search area is determined based on the unoccupied pixel blocks, and the optimal path is calculated and planned according to the search area, thereby greatly reducing the resolution of the map and improving the efficiency of path planning , Saving storage space.
- the path planning efficiency of the mobile device in the embodiment of the present invention is high, which avoids the problem of wasted space.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a path planning method based on simultaneous positioning and map construction according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grid map according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a processed raster map according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of corner points detected on a grid map
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a planned optimal path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a path planning device based on synchronous positioning and map construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the design concept of the present invention is to address the problems of low planning efficiency and space waste in the prior art path planning, and propose a path planning scheme based on synchronous positioning and map construction.
- a path planning scheme based on synchronous positioning and map construction.
- Through pixel block-based grid division and topology-based The point map optimization and the shortest path calculation based on the topology map improve the efficiency of path planning and optimize storage resources.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction in this embodiment includes the following steps:
- Step S101 Collect the environmental information in the perspective through the sensor of the mobile device, use SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping, synchronous positioning and map construction) algorithm to process the environmental information, and construct a grid map;
- SLAM Simultaneous Localization And Mapping, synchronous positioning and map construction
- Step S102 Divide the grid map to obtain a plurality of pixel blocks, use the area formed by the pixel blocks occupied by obstacles as the search area for path planning, and obtain the processed grid map;
- Step S103 use the pixels in the search area to determine a reference point, and according to the determined reference point, lay out the topological points on the processed raster map and construct a topological map;
- step S104 according to the constructed topology map, a predetermined algorithm is used to calculate the optimal path between the starting point and the set target point.
- the path planning method of this embodiment divides the constructed grid map into pixel blocks, determines the search area for path planning based on the pixel blocks occupied by unobstructed objects, and uses the pixels in the search area Determine the reference points, and arrange the topological points according to the determined reference points to construct a topological map, and then calculate the optimal path according to the constructed topological map.
- the map is divided into grids based on pixel blocks, without the need for each All pixels are searched, which can improve the efficiency of map path planning while ensuring the planning effect, and save storage resources.
- step S104 includes: using a predetermined algorithm to calculate the shortest distance between any two topological points and determining the proximity information of any two topological points, and storing the shortest distance information between any two topological points in a linked list, Calculate the shortest distance between the starting point and the topological point closest to the starting point as the first distance; calculate the shortest distance between the target point and the topological point closest to the target point as the second distance; search the linked list to get the closest to the starting point The shortest distance between the topological point and the topological point closest to the target point is used as the third distance, and the optimal distance between the starting point and the target point is obtained by adding the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance. It can be seen that the calculation of the optimal path can be determined by the distances of the three segments that are related to the topological point, which significantly improves the efficiency of path planning.
- the following describes the implementation steps of the path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction according to a specific application scenario.
- the path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction in this embodiment includes three major steps, which are: step one, grid division based on pixel blocks, and step two, a map based on topological points Optimization and step three, the shortest path calculation based on the topological graph.
- step one grid division based on pixel blocks
- step two a map based on topological points Optimization
- step three the shortest path calculation based on the topological graph.
- Step 1 Grid division based on pixel blocks
- this step includes four sub-steps, namely: laser data acquisition, generation of raster maps, edge detection, and grid division based on pixel blocks.
- laser data acquisition In this embodiment, the environmental information in the viewing angle of the laser sensor of the mobile device is acquired.
- Laser sensors, or lidars are divided into mechanical lidars and solid-state lidars. Mechanical lidars control the laser emission angle by rotating parts and collect environmental information in different viewing angles.
- the SLAM algorithm is used to generate a grid map.
- the SLAM algorithm uses lidar to collect a series of scattered point clouds with angle information and distance information. By matching and comparing two point clouds at different times, the relative movement distance of the lidar is calculated. The angle and angle are changed to complete the construction of the grid map.
- FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of the grid map constructed according to the environmental information collected by the laser sensor in this embodiment.
- a raster map can be understood as a matrix, and the values in the matrix represent the probability that the location is occupied by obstacles.
- the probability of a pure black point (that is, a gray value of 0) is 1, representing occupancy; the probability of a gray point (gray value of 127) is 0.5, representing an unknown; (Value 255)
- the probability is 0, which means that it is not occupied. That is to say, the color of each small grid in the grid map represents the probability that this grid is occupied. The darker the color, the higher the occupied rate, which means that there may be a higher obstacle/building.
- the reason for using the probability representation is that the establishment of a grid map depends on the navigation system. The navigation system has errors, even if the accuracy is high, so the grid map created based on these location information is not necessarily very accurate.
- Edge detection In order to accurately extract the feasible region of the map, in this embodiment, edge detection is performed on the raster map. Before performing edge detection, the grid map is binarized first, and the position corresponding to the pixels with an occupancy probability of 0.4 to 1 in the grid map is determined to be occupied by an obstacle, otherwise it is idle.
- the Canny edge detection algorithm is used to perform edge detection on the raster map.
- the main process is: Gaussian filtering to smooth the image ⁇ calculation of the amplitude and direction of the image gradient ⁇ non-maximum suppression ⁇ double threshold detection and connecting edges ⁇ image corrosion Swell.
- the Canny edge detection algorithm is an existing technology, so for the implementation details of edge detection, please refer to the description in the existing technology, which will not be repeated here.
- the embodiments of the present invention do not limit the edge detection algorithm and specific implementation manner, and the edge detection step may be omitted in some embodiments.
- Grid division based on pixel blocks the grid map is divided to obtain pixel blocks, and the area formed by the pixel blocks occupied by obstacles as the search area for path planning includes: dividing the grid map to obtain pixels by using a plurality of block areas of equal area Block, to determine whether each pixel block is occupied by an obstacle, if yes, the gray value of the pixel in the pixel block is set to the first value, otherwise, the gray value of the pixel in the pixel block is set to the second value.
- One way to determine whether each pixel block is occupied by an obstacle is: for each pixel block, determine whether the center pixel of the pixel block is occupied by an obstacle; if the center pixel is occupied by an obstacle, traverse the next pixel block, Until all pixel blocks are traversed; if the central pixel is not occupied by obstacles, the remaining pixels in the pixel block are sequentially traversed. If the remaining pixels are not occupied by obstacles, it is determined that the pixel block is not occupied by obstacles.
- the insufficient part is filled with the first value (such as 0) to divide the block area, that is, when there is not enough grid, the insufficient grid (usually located at the edge of the map) is filled with 0 .
- the pixel blocks in the cut map are traversed to determine the occupancy of pixels in the center of the grid (that is, the center of the pixel block). If it is occupied, it is considered that the currently processed pixel block is already occupied, and continue to judge whether the next pixel block is occupied until all pixel blocks are traversed and processed; if not occupied, the pixels around the center pixel point of the pixel block are sequentially traversed (For example, for a 3*3 pixel block, it sequentially traverses the remaining 8 pixels outside the center point), if all the surrounding pixels are unoccupied, it is determined that the pixel block is feasible (that is, the pixel block is idle, Can be used to determine the path planning search area), set the gray value of all pixels in the pixel block to a second value such as 255; otherwise, determine the pixel block is not feasible, set the gray value of each pixel to the first For example, if the pixel value is 0, the binary map is obtained as shown in FIG. 4. In FIG.
- the resolution of the grid map in this embodiment corresponds to the length and width of a small grid in the grid map, that is, the resolution of Xcm represents the length Xcm and width Xcm of each grid in the map.
- the diameter of the robot chassis is several times the resolution of the map. There are many places on the map where the robot is unreachable. In other words, a high map resolution will only cause a waste of storage resources and affect the efficiency of path planning.
- the diameter range of the robot is considered (the area of the pixel block used for segmentation can be continuously adjusted according to the diameter range), and the grid map is divided and binarized by the pixel block, which reduces the resolution of the map Rate, avoiding waste of space, improving path planning efficiency and ensuring the effect of path planning.
- Step 2 Map optimization based on topological points
- the grid map When the grid map is used for robot positioning and navigation, each time path planning needs to traverse pixels, when the area of the map is large, the operation efficiency is very slow. In this embodiment, it is optimized by setting topological points in the grid map and storing the topological points.
- the topological points need to be placed in the determined search area.
- the pixel points in the search area are used to determine the reference point first, and the processed reference point is placed on the processed raster map according to the determined reference point.
- the layout position of the topological points can be determined based on any of the three ways, that is, the pixel points, edge points, or corner points in the search area are classified respectively and then determined based on the classified homogeneous points Reference point, calculate the center of mass of the area formed by the reference point, and lay out the topological point at the position of the center of mass.
- any two or all of the three methods can also be applied to the topology point layout of the same raster map at the same time.
- topological points are:
- Classify the pixels in the search area Specifically, classify the pixels according to the distance and visible information between any two pixels. If the visible information of the two pixels indicates that there is no obstacle between the two pixels If the information is visible and the distance between the two pixels is less than or equal to the distance threshold, then the two pixels are classified into one category to obtain the same kind of points.
- classify the edge points in the search area specifically, classify the edge points according to the distance and visible information between any two edge points, if the visible information of the two edge points indicates that the two edge points are barrier-free
- the visible information of the object and the distance between the two edge points is less than or equal to the distance threshold, the two edge points are classified into one category to obtain the same kind of points, where the edge points refer to the pixels in the search area and the non-search area on the raster map Pixels adjacent to each other.
- classify the corner points in the search area Specifically, detect the corner points in the search area, and classify the corner points based on the distance and visible information between any two corner points. In order to indicate the visible information of the obstacles between the two corner points and the distance between the two corner points is less than or equal to the distance threshold, the two corner points are classified into one category to obtain similar points.
- a corner point is a pixel point that changes drastically in the direction of the edge of the map, and can represent the characteristics of the map. Therefore, the corner point is taken as an example to describe the implementation process of laying out the topology point.
- the edge points and corner points are further screening of the pixels in the search area.
- the edge points and corner points are usually obtained based on the pixels in the search area. Compared with the method of directly processing all pixels in the search area, these two processing methods further reduce the amount of data processing and improve planning efficiency.
- the topological point-based map optimization step includes four sub-steps: corner detection ⁇ corner point classification ⁇ topological point placement ⁇ topological map construction.
- Corner detection is performed on the map to obtain places where the edge direction of the map changes drastically, so as to arrange the topological points.
- the star symbol (*) in FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the detected corner point.
- Corner classification is based on the distance and visible information between any two corner points to classify the corner points, if the visible information of the two corner points is the visible information indicating the obstacles between the two corner points and the distance between the two corner points is less than or If it is equal to the distance threshold, the two corner points are classified into one category. That is, according to the distance and visibility between the corner points, the corner points are classified so as to reduce the number of topological point placements, thereby improving the efficiency of path planning. If the two corner points are visible (that is, there is no obstacle between the two corner points) and are within the range of the distance threshold (the linear distance between the two corner points), then the two corner points are considered to be a class.
- Topological point placement For each type of corner point, place a topological point on its centroid and add it to the topological point list A. Among them, the calculation formula of centroid is The value range of i is 1...n, n is the total number of corner points, and x i and y i are the coordinate values of the corner points.
- the nearest edge point is taken as the location of the topological point.
- Topology map construction Using the A* algorithm to calculate the shortest distance of any topological point and store it in the linked list, and determine the neighboring information of any two topological points.
- the A* algorithm can be used to search for the shortest path.
- the A*(A-Star) algorithm is the most effective direct search method for solving the shortest path in a static road network. It is also an effective algorithm for solving many search problems.
- A* introduces heuristic search on the basis of Dijkstra to solve the above problems, and greatly improves the efficiency of search under the premise of ensuring the optimal solution. It is popular because it is simple and easy to implement.
- the topological points are generated through corner extraction and classification, which significantly reduces the scale of the topological map. After the topological map is constructed, step 3 is performed.
- Step 3 Shortest path calculation based on topology graph
- step three includes four sub-steps, namely: setting the target point ⁇ calculating the optimal path between the starting point and the nearest topological point ⁇ calculating the optimal path between the target point and the nearest topological point ⁇ generating the optimal path.
- step three the optimal path is calculated from the starting point to the target point in the following manner:
- the scale of the path plan to be generated is first roughly judged. That is, simply search along the starting point to the target point for whether there is an obstacle between the two straight lines. If an obstacle is encountered, the path planning is considered to be a large-scale path planning, and proceed (3.2). Otherwise, it is considered that the path planning is a small-scale path planning, and the pixels passed at this time are recorded as the shortest path and the result is output directly.
- the line in the white area shown in FIG. 6 is the optimal path from the starting point to the target point planned in this embodiment.
- the embodiments of the present invention use pixel blocks to divide the grid map into grids, which effectively reduces the scale of the map.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a path planning apparatus based on synchronous positioning and map construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the path planning device 700 based on synchronous positioning and map construction in this embodiment includes:
- the grid map construction unit 701 collects the environmental information in the perspective through the sensors of the mobile device, processes the environmental information using the synchronous positioning and map construction SLAM algorithm, and constructs a grid map;
- the raster map processing unit 702 divides the raster map to obtain pixel blocks, uses the area composed of the pixel blocks occupied by obstacles as the search area for path planning, and obtains the processed raster map;
- the topology map construction unit 703 determines the reference point by using the pixels in the search area, and lays out the topology point on the processed raster map according to the determined reference point and constructs a topology map;
- the path planning unit 704 calculates the optimal path from the starting point to the set target point according to the constructed topology map using a predetermined algorithm.
- the path planning unit 704 is specifically used to calculate the shortest distance between any two topological points and determine the proximity information of any two topological points using a predetermined algorithm,
- the shortest distance information is stored in the linked list, and the shortest distance between the starting point and the topological point closest to the starting point is calculated as the first distance; the shortest distance between the target point and the topological point closest to the target point is calculated as the second distance; Look up the linked list to get the shortest distance between the topological point closest to the starting point and the topological point closest to the target point, as the third distance, the sum of the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance is added to get the starting point to the target
- the optimal path between points; and, the topological map construction unit 703 is specifically used to classify pixel points, edge points or corner points in the search area, using similar points as reference points; calculating the area formed by reference points Center of mass, and lay out topological points on the position of each center of mass on the processed raster map.
- the grid map processing unit 702 specifically divides the grid map by using a plurality of block areas of equal area to obtain pixel blocks, and determines whether each pixel block is occupied by an obstacle.
- the gray value of the pixel in the pixel block is set to the first value, otherwise, the gray value of the pixel in the pixel block is set to the second value.
- the raster map processing unit 702 is specifically configured to determine whether the central pixel of the pixel block is occupied by an obstacle for each pixel block; if the central pixel is occupied by an obstacle, iterate through the next Pixel block until all pixel blocks are traversed; if the central pixel is not occupied by obstacles, the remaining pixels in the pixel block are traversed sequentially. If all the remaining pixels are not occupied by obstacles, it is determined that the pixel block is not obstructed Occupied.
- the topology map construction unit 703 is specifically used to classify the pixels in the search area. Specifically, the pixels are classified according to the distance and visible information between any two pixels, If the visible information of the two pixels is the visible information indicating that there is no obstacle between the two pixels and the distance between the two pixels is less than or equal to the distance threshold, then the two pixels are classified into one category to obtain similar points; or, the search area The edge points in the category are classified. Specifically, the edge points are classified according to the distance and visible information between any two edge points.
- the two edge points are classified into one class to obtain the same kind of points, where the edge points refer to the pixels in the search area that are adjacent to the pixel positions of the non-search area on the grid map Point; or, classify the corner points in the search area. Specifically, detect the corner points in the search area, and classify the corner points based on the distance and visible information between any two corner points.
- the visible information is the visible information indicating the obstacles between the two corner points and the distance between the two corner points is less than or equal to the distance threshold, then the two corner points are classified into one category to obtain similar points.
- the grid map processing unit 702 is specifically used to divide the grid map in the order of division by using the block area, when the area of the area to be divided on the grid map is smaller than the area of the block area At this time, the insufficient part is filled with the first value to divide the block area.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the mobile device includes a memory 801 and a processor 802, and the memory 801 and the processor 802 are communicatively connected via an internal bus 803.
- the memory 801 stores program instructions that can be executed by the processor 802, and the program instructions are processed When executed by the device 802, the above path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction can be realized.
- the mobile device here is, for example, an AGV, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an intelligent robot, or a head-mounted device.
- the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 801 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
- the technical solution of the present invention essentially or part of the contribution to the existing technology or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the present application.
- the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions.
- the computer instructions cause the computer to execute the path planning method based on synchronous positioning and map construction.
- the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
- computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
- each flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram and a combination of the flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram may be implemented by computer program instructions.
- These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processing machine, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine that enables the generation of instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device
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Abstract
一种路径规划方法、装置(700)和移动设备,本方法包括:通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图(S101);对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图(S102);利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图(S103);根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径(S104),实施例提高了路径规划效率且节约了存储资源。
Description
本发明涉及同步定位与地图构建SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping)技术领域,具体涉及一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法、装置和移动设备。
发明背景
随着近几年智能机器人、无人机、无人驾驶、虚拟现实等领域的火爆,SLAM也为大家熟知,并被认为是这些领域的关键技术之一。SLAM是机器人从未知环境的未知地点出发,在运动过程中通过重复观测到的地图特征(比如,墙角,柱子等)定位自身位置和姿态,再根据自身位置增量式的构建地图,从而达到同时定位和地图构建的目的。
根据所使用的传感器的不同,其主要解决方法主要有三种:基于RGB-D相机的SLAM,基于视觉的SLAM以及基于激光传感器的SLAM。激光SLAM是目前比较成熟的定位导航方案,目前基于激光的SLAM多数使用滤波器算法、概率算法、最小二乘法、以及图优化等,如常用的GMapping、Hector SLAM、Karto SLAM等算法,无论哪种算法都需要生成栅格地图,即将整个环境分为若干相同大小的栅格。虽然栅格地图容易构建,但是由于栅格地图的分辨率不依赖于环境的复杂度,导致路径规划效率低,空间浪费等问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法、装置和移动设备,提高了路径规划效率且节约了存储资源。
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法,包括:
通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;
对栅格地图进行划分得到多个像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;
利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;
根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
根据本申请的另一个方面,提供了一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置,包括:
栅格地图构建单元,通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;
栅格地图处理单元,对栅格地图进行划分得到多个像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;
拓扑地图构建单元,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;
路径规划单元,根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
根据本申请的又一个方面,提供了一种移动设备,包括:存储器和处理器,存储器和处理器之间通过内部总线通讯连接,存储器存储有能够被处理器执行的程序指令,程序指令被处理器执行时能够实现本申请一个方面的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法。
应用本发明实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法和装置,通过对构建的栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点并在栅格地图上布设拓扑点,构建拓扑地图,后续根据构建的拓扑地图,计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。与现有技术基于像素点的路径规划方案相比,基于未被占用的像素块确定搜索区域,并根据搜索区域计算和规划最优路径,从而大大降低了地图的分辨率,提高了路径规划效率,节约了存储空间。本发明实施例的移动设备的路径规划效率高,避免了空间浪费问题。
附图简要说明
图1是本发明一个实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法的流程示意图;
图2是本发明另一个实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法的流程图;
图3是本发明一个实施例的栅格地图的示意图;
图4是本发明一个实施例的处理后的栅格地图的示意图;
图5是栅格地图上检测出角点的示意图;
图6是本发明一个实施例的规划的最优路径的示意图;
图7是本发明一个实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置的框图;
图8是本发明一个实施例的移动设备的结构示意图。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的设计构思在于,针对现有技术的路径规划存在的规划效率低、空间浪费的问题,提出一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方案,通过基于像素块的网格划分、基于拓扑点的地图优化以及基于拓扑图的最短路径计算,提高了路径规划效率并且优化了存储资源。
图1是本发明一个实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法的流程示意图,参见图1,本实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法包括下列步骤:
步骤S101,通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping,同步定位与地图构建)算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;
步骤S102,对栅格地图进行划分得到多个像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;
步骤S103,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;
步骤S104,根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
由图1所示可知,本实施例的路径规划方法,对构建的栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,基于无障碍物占用的像素块确定出路径规划的搜索区域,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,并根据确定的基准点布设拓扑点构建拓扑地图,再根据构建的拓扑地图来计算最优路径,与现有技术相比,依据像素块对地图 进行网格划分,不需要对每个像素点都进行搜索,能够在保证规划效果的同时提高地图路径规划效率,并且节约了存储资源。
一个实施例中,步骤S104包括:利用预定的算法计算任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离并确定任意两个拓扑点的邻近信息,将任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离信息存储在链表中,计算起始点与距离起始点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第一距离;计算目标点与距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第二距离;查找链表得到距离起始点最近的拓扑点以及距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第三距离,由第一距离、第二距离以及第三距离相加之和,得到起始点到目标点之间的最优路径。由此可知,最优路径的计算通过三段均与拓扑点相关的距离即可确定得到,显著提高了路径规划的效率。
以下结合一个具体的应用场景对本发明实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法的实现步骤进行说明。
参见图2,总的来看,本实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法包括三大步骤,分别是:步骤一,基于像素块的网格划分,步骤二,基于拓扑点的地图优化以及步骤三,基于拓扑图的最短路径计算。下面依次对这三大步骤进行具体说明。
步骤一,基于像素块的网格划分
参见图2,这一步骤包括四个子步骤,分别是:激光数据获取、生成栅格地图、边缘检测、基于像素块的网格划分。
具体的,激光数据获取。本实施例中获取移动设备的激光传感器采集视角内的环境信息。激光传感器或称激光雷达,分为机械激光雷达和固态激光雷达,机械激光雷达通过旋转部件来控制激光发射角,采集不同视角内的环境信息。
生成栅格地图。利用SLAM算法生成栅格地图,SLAM算法是利用激光雷达采集一系列分散的、具有角度信息和距离信息的点云,通过对不同时刻两片点云的匹配与对比,计算激光雷达相对运动的距离和角度的改变,从而完成栅格地图建构,如图3所示,为本实施例的根据激光传感器采集的环境信息构建的栅格地图的示意。栅格地图可以理解为一个矩阵,矩阵中的值表征该位置被障碍物占用的概率。如图3所示,一般的,纯黑色点(即灰度值为0)的概率为1,代表占用;灰色点(灰度值为127)概率为0.5,代表未知;纯白色点(灰度值为255)概率为0,代表未被占用。也就是说,栅格地图中每个小格的颜色代表的是这一格被占用的概率,颜色越深则表明被占用率越高,也就是有更高的 可能是障碍物/建筑物。之所以采用概率表示,是因为建立栅格地图要依赖于导航系统,导航系统都是有误差的,哪怕精度再高,因此基于这些位置信息建立出来的栅格地图不一定十分准确。
边缘检测。为了能够准确的提取出地图的可行域,本实施例中对栅格地图进行边缘检测。在进行边缘检测前,先对栅格地图进行二值化处理,将栅格地图中占有概率在0.4到1以内的像素点对应的位置确定为被障碍物占用,否则为空闲。本实施例中采用Canny边缘检测算法对栅格地图进行边缘检测,主要流程为:高斯滤波平滑图像→计算图像梯度的幅值和方向→非极大值抑制→双阈值检测及连接边缘→图像腐蚀膨胀。需要说明的是,Canny边缘检测算法为现有技术,所以有关边缘检测的实现细节可以参见现有技术中的说明,这里不再赘述。另外,本发明实施例不对边缘检测算法、具体实现方式进行限定,在一些实施例中边缘检测步骤可以略去。
基于像素块的网格划分。本实施例中对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域包括:利用多个面积相等的块状区域对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用,是则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第一数值,否则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第二数值。判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用的一种实现方式是:对各像素块,判断像素块的中心像素点是否被障碍物占用;如果中心像素点被障碍物占用,则遍历下一个像素块,直至所有像素块遍历完毕;如果中心像素点未被障碍物占用,则顺序遍历像素块中其余像素点,若其余像素点全部未被障碍物占用,则确定该像素块未被障碍物占用。
举例来说,按照从上到下、从左到右边的顺序,利用块状区域切割地图。比如每6*6像素(即块状区域面积=6*6)为一网格,在利用块状区域对栅格地图进行划分过程中,当栅格地图上的待划分区域的面积小于块状区域的面积时,不足部分用第一数值(如0)填充后划分出块状区域,也就是说,在不够一网格时,不够的网格(通常位于地图的边缘部分)用0补齐。
划分出像素块后,遍历切割地图中的像素块,判断网格中心(即像素块的中心)像素点的占用情况。若占用,则认为当前处理的像素块已经被占用,继续对下一像素块是否被占用进行判断,直至所有像素块遍历并处理完毕;若非占用,则顺序遍历像素块中心像素点周围的像素点(例如,对3*3的像素块,顺序遍历中心点之外其余的8个像素点),若周围的像素点全部为非占用,则确 定该像素块可行(即该像素块是空闲的,可用于确定路径规划搜索区域),将像素块内所有像素点的灰度值设为第二数值比如255;否则,确定该像素块为不可行,将各像素点的灰度值设为第一数值比如像素为0,得到二值化处理的栅格地图如图4所示,在图4中白色点的灰度值为255,黑色点灰度值为0。
注:本实施例中栅格地图分辨率对应栅格地图中一小格的长和宽,即,分辨率为Xcm代表地图中的每个格子长Xcm、宽Xcm。一般机器人底盘直径是地图分辨率的几倍之多,地图中有很多地方机器人是不可达的,换句话说,地图分辨率过高只会造成存储资源的浪费并影响路径规划效率。对此,本实施例中考虑到机器人的直径范围(用于分割的像素块面积的大小可以根据该直径范围继续调整),通过像素块分割栅格地图并进行二值化,降低了地图的分辨率,避免了空间浪费,提高了路径规划效率且能够保证路径规划的效果。
步骤二,基于拓扑点的地图优化
栅格地图用于机器人定位导航时,每次进行路径规划都需要遍历像素点,当地图的面积较大时,运行效率很慢。本实施例中通过在栅格地图中设置拓扑点,并存储拓扑点的方式对其进行优化。
为了保证搜索的正确性,拓扑点需要在确定出的搜索区域中布设,本实施例中,先利用搜素区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点,比如对搜索区域中的像素点、边缘点或角点进行归类,将同类点作为基准点;计算基准点构成的区域的质心,并在处理后的栅格地图上各质心的位置上布设拓扑点。
也就是说,可以基于三种方式中的任一种来确定拓扑点的布设位置,即,分别对搜索区域中的像素点、边缘点或角点进行归类而后基于归类后的同类点确定基准点,计算基准点构成的区域的质心,在质心位置布设拓扑点即可。
可以理解一些场景中,也可以同时将三种方式中的任两种或全部应用到同一个栅格地图的拓扑点布设中。
这三种确定拓扑点的布设位置分别是:
对搜索区域中的像素点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两像素点间的距离和可见信息,对像素点进行归类,如果两像素点的可见信息为指示两像素点间无障碍物的可见信息且两像素点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两像素点归为一类,得到同类点。
或者,对搜索区域中的边缘点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两边缘点间的 距离和可见信息,对边缘点进行归类,如果两边缘点的可见信息为指示两边缘点间无障碍物的可见信息且两边缘点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两边缘点归为一类,得到同类点,其中,边缘点是指搜索区域中与栅格地图上非搜索区域的像素点位置相邻的像素点。
或者,对搜索区域中的角点进行归类,具体的,检测搜索区域中的角点,根据任意两角点间的距离和可见信息,对角点进行归类,如果两角点的可见信息为指示两角点间无障碍物的可见信息且两角点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两角点归为一类,得到同类点。
角点是地图中边缘方向变化剧烈的像素点,能够代表地图的特点,所以这里以角点为例来对布设拓扑点的实现过程进行说明。边缘点和角点都是对搜索区域中各像素点的进一步筛选,边缘点和角点通常也都是基于搜索区域中各像素点得到的。这两种处理方式,相比于直接对搜索区域中所有像素点进行处理的方式,进一步减少了数据处理量,提高了规划效率。
接着看图2,基于拓扑点的地图优化步骤包括四个子步骤分别为:角点检测→角点分类→拓扑点布放→拓扑地图构建。
1)角点检测。这里通过对地图进行Harris角点检测,得到地图中边缘方向变化剧烈的地方,以便拓扑点的布放。参见图5,图5中的星星符号(*)即为检测出的角点的示意。
2)角点分类。角点分类是根据任意两角点间的距离和可见信息,对角点进行归类,如果两角点的可见信息为指示两角点间无障碍物的可见信息且两角点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两角点归为一类。即,根据角点之间的距离和可见性,对角点进行分类以便减小拓扑点放置的数量,进而提高路径规划效率。若两角点可见(即两角点间无障碍物)且在距离阈值(两角点的直线距离)范围内,则认为两角点为一类。
若角点无同类,则取离其最近的边缘点作为布设拓扑点的位置。
4)拓扑地图构建。利用A*算法计算任意拓扑点的最短距离后存储在链表中,并确定任意两个拓扑点的邻近信息。这里若两拓扑点间的最短距离直接为 两点的距离(可以理解为在图中两节点直接相连)并未通过其他拓扑点,则认为两拓扑点为邻近节点。可以利用t
ij表示,i,j分别代表一个拓扑点,t
ij=1表示邻近,t
ij=0表示非邻近。
A*算法能用于搜索最短路径,A*(A-Star)算法是一种静态路网中求解最短路径最有效的直接搜索方法,也是解决许多搜索问题的有效算法。A*在Dijkstra基础上引入了启发式搜索解决了上述问题,在保证了最优解的前提下大大提高了搜索的效率,因其简单且易于实现而盛行至今。
通过角点提取、归类再生成拓扑点,显著降低了拓扑地图的规模,在构建了拓扑地图之后,执行步骤三。
步骤三,基于拓扑图的最短路径计算
接着看图2,步骤三包括四个子步骤,分别是:设置目标点→计算起始点与最近拓扑点的最优路径→计算目标点与最近拓扑点的最优路径→生成最优路径。
具体的,步骤三中按照下述方式对起始点到目标点进行最优路径计算:
(3.1)设置目标点。为了提高路径规划效率,本实施例中先大致判断一下待生成的路径规划的规模。即,简单的沿着起始点到目标点搜索两点直线连线间是否存在障碍物,若遇到障碍物则认为此次路径规划为大规模的路径规划,进行(3.2)。否则,认为此次路径规划为小规模的路径规划,此时经过的像素点记为最短路径直接输出结果。
(3.2)计算起始点与最近的拓扑点的距离。遍历前述拓扑点列表A,计算出距离起始点最近的拓扑点a,并通过A*算法计算起始点到最近拓扑点a的最短路径,记为bath1。
(3.3)计算目标点与最近的拓扑点的距离。遍历拓扑点列表A,利用A*算法计算出距离目标点最近的拓扑点b,并计算目标点到最近拓扑点b的最短路径,记为bath2。
(3.4)生成最优路径。遍历链表,查找拓扑点a到b的最短距离bath_ab。则最优路径为bath1+bath_ab+bath2。
如图6中所示的白色区域中的线条,即为本实施例中规划的从起始点到目标点的最优路径。
至此,本发明实施例利用像素块将栅格地图进行网格划分,有效的减小了地图的规模。通过角点检测设置相应的拓扑点,构建网络拓扑图,保存了节点 间的最短路径,极大的提高了大规模地图的路径规划的效率。
本发明实施例中还提供了一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置,图7是本发明一个实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置的框图。参见图7,本实施例的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置700包括:
栅格地图构建单元701,通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;
栅格地图处理单元702,对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;
拓扑地图构建单元703,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;
路径规划单元704,根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
在本发明的一个实施例中,路径规划单元704,具体用于利用预定的算法计算任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离并确定任意两个拓扑点的邻近信息,将任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离信息存储在链表中,计算起始点与距离起始点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第一距离;计算目标点与距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第二距离;查找链表得到距离起始点最近的拓扑点以及距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第三距离,由第一距离、第二距离以及第三距离相加之和,得到起始点到目标点之间的最优路径;以及,拓扑地图构建单元703,具体用于利用对搜索区域中的像素点、边缘点或角点进行归类,将同类点作为基准点;计算基准点构成的区域的质心,并在处理后的栅格地图上各质心的位置上布设拓扑点。
在本发明的一个实施例中,栅格地图处理单元702,具体利用多个面积相等的块状区域对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用,是则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第一数值,否则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第二数值。
在本发明的一个实施例中,栅格地图处理单元702,具体用于对各像素块,判断像素块的中心像素点是否被障碍物占用;如果中心像素点被障碍物占用,则遍历下一个像素块,直至所有像素块遍历完毕;如果中心像素点未被障碍物占用,则顺序遍历像素块中其余像素点,若其余像素点全部未被障碍物占用,则确定该像素块未被障碍物占用。
在本发明的一个实施例中拓扑地图构建单元703,具体用于对搜索区域中的像素点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两像素点间的距离和可见信息,对像素点进行归类,如果两像素点的可见信息为指示两像素点间无障碍物的可见信息且两像素点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两像素点归为一类,得到同类点;或者,对搜索区域中的边缘点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两边缘点间的距离和可见信息,对边缘点进行归类,如果两边缘点的可见信息为指示两边缘点间无障碍物的可见信息且两边缘点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两边缘点归为一类,得到同类点,其中,边缘点是指搜索区域中与栅格地图上非搜索区域的像素点位置相邻的像素点;或者,对搜索区域中的角点进行归类,具体的,检测搜索区域中的角点,根据任意两角点间的距离和可见信息,对角点进行归类,如果两角点的可见信息为指示两角点间无障碍物的可见信息且两角点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两角点归为一类,得到同类点。
在本发明的一个实施例中,栅格地图处理单元702,具体用于利用块状区域按照划分顺序对栅格地图进行划分,当栅格地图上的待划分区域的面积小于块状区域的面积时,不足部分用第一数值填充后划分出块状区域。
需要说明的是,关于图7所示装置中的各单元所执行的各功能的举例解释说明,参见前述方法实施例中的举例解释说明的相关内容,这里不再赘述。
另外,本发明实施例还提供了一种移动设备,图8是本发明一个实施例的移动设备的结构示意图。如图8所示,该移动设备包括存储器801和处理器802,存储器801和处理器802之间通过内部总线803通讯连接,存储器801存储有能够被处理器802执行的程序指令,程序指令被处理器802执行时能够实现上述的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法。
这里的移动设备例如是自动导引车AGV、无人机、智能机器人或者头戴设备等。
此外,上述的存储器801中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质存储计算机指令,计算机指令使计算机执行上述的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法。
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图的一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图的一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
需要说明的是术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,在本发明的上述教导下,本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进或变形。本领域技术人员应该明白,上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的,本发明的保护范围以权利要求的保护范围为准
Claims (19)
- 一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法,其特征在于,包括:通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;对所述栅格地图进行划分得到多个像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径包括:利用预定的算法计算任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离并确定任意两个拓扑点的邻近信息,将任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离信息存储在链表中,计算起始点与距离起始点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第一距离;计算目标点与距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第二距离;查找所述链表得到距离起始点最近的拓扑点以及距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第三距离,由所述第一距离、所述第二距离以及所述第三距离相加之和,得到起始点到目标点之间的最优路径。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域包括:利用多个面积相等的块状区域对所述栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用,是则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第一数值,否则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第二数值。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用包括:对各像素块,判断像素块的中心像素点是否被障碍物占用;如果中心像素点被障碍物占用,则确定该像素块被障碍物占用,处理下一个像素块,直至所有像素块遍历完毕;如果中心像素点未被障碍物占用,则顺序遍历该像素块中其余像素点,若其余像素点全部未被障碍物占用,则确定该 像素块未被障碍物占用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点包括:对搜索区域中的像素点、边缘点或角点进行归类,将同类点作为基准点;计算基准点构成的区域的质心,并在处理后的栅格地图上各质心的位置上布设拓扑点。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对搜索区域中的像素点进行归类包括:对搜索区域中的像素点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两像素点间的距离和可见信息,对像素点进行归类,如果两像素点的可见信息为指示两像素点间无障碍物的可见信息且两像素点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两像素点归为一类,得到同类点;
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对搜索区域中的边缘点进行归类包括:对搜索区域中的边缘点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两边缘点间的距离和可见信息,对边缘点进行归类,如果两边缘点的可见信息为指示两边缘点间无障碍物的可见信息且两边缘点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两边缘点归为一类,得到同类点,其中,所述边缘点是指搜索区域中与栅格地图上非搜索区域的像素点位置相邻的像素点;
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对搜索区域中的角点进行归类包括:对搜索区域中的角点进行归类,具体的,检测搜索区域中的角点,根据任意两角点间的距离和可见信息,对角点进行归类,如果两角点的可见信息为指示两角点间无障碍物的可见信息且两角点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两角点归为一类,得到同类点。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述利用多个面积相等的块状区域对所述栅格地图进行划分得到像素块包括:利用块状区域按照划分顺序对所述栅格地图进行划分,当所述栅格地图上的待划分区域的面积小于块状区域的面积时,不足部分用第一数值填充后划分出块状区域。
- 一种基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划装置,其特征在于,包括:栅格地图构建单元,通过移动设备的传感器采集视角内的环境信息,利用 同步定位与地图构建SLAM算法对环境信息进行处理,构建得到栅格地图;栅格地图处理单元,对所述栅格地图进行划分得到多个像素块,将无障碍物占用的像素块构成的区域作为路径规划的搜索区域,并得到处理后的栅格地图;拓扑地图构建单元,利用搜索区域中的像素点确定基准点,根据确定的基准点在处理后的栅格地图上布设拓扑点并构建得到拓扑地图;路径规划单元,根据构建的拓扑地图,利用预定的算法计算起始点到设置的目标点之间的最优路径。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述路径规划单元,具体用于利用预定的算法计算任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离并确定任意两个拓扑点的邻近信息,将任意两个拓扑点间的最短距离信息存储在链表中,计算起始点与距离起始点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第一距离;计算目标点与距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第二距离;查找所述链表得到距离起始点最近的拓扑点以及距离目标点最近的拓扑点间的最短距离,作为第三距离,由所述第一距离、所述第二距离以及所述第三距离相加之和,得到起始点到目标点之间的最优路径。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,栅格地图处理单元,具体利用多个面积相等的块状区域对栅格地图进行划分得到像素块,判断各像素块是否被障碍物占用,是则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第一数值,否则,将像素块中像素点的灰度值设为第二数值。
- 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,栅格地图处理单元,具体用于对各像素块,判断像素块的中心像素点是否被障碍物占用;如果中心像素点被障碍物占用,则遍历下一个像素块,直至所有像素块遍历完毕;如果中心像素点未被障碍物占用,则顺序遍历像素块中其余像素点,若其余像素点全部未被障碍物占用,则确定该像素块未被障碍物占用。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述拓扑地图构建单元,具体用于利用对搜索区域中的像素点、边缘点或角点进行归类,将同类点作为基准点;计算基准点构成的区域的质心,并在处理后的栅格地图上各质心的位置上布设拓扑点。
- 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述拓扑地图构建单元,具体用于对搜索区域中的像素点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两像素点间的距离和可见信息,对像素点进行归类,如果两像素点的可见信息为指示两像素点间无障碍物的可见信息且两像素点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两像素点归为一类,得到同类点。
- 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述拓扑地图构建单元,具体用于对搜索区域中的边缘点进行归类,具体的,根据任意两边缘点间的距离和可见信息,对边缘点进行归类,如果两边缘点的可见信息为指示两边缘点间无障碍物的可见信息且两边缘点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两边缘点归为一类,得到同类点,其中,边缘点是指搜索区域中与栅格地图上非搜索区域的像素点位置相邻的像素点。
- 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述拓扑地图构建单元,具体用于对搜索区域中的角点进行归类,具体的,检测搜索区域中的角点,根据任意两角点间的距离和可见信息,对角点进行归类,如果两角点的可见信息为指示两角点间无障碍物的可见信息且两角点的距离小于或等于距离阈值,则将两角点归为一类,得到同类点。
- 根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,栅格地图处理单元,具体用于利用块状区域按照划分顺序对栅格地图进行划分,当栅格地图上的待划分区域的面积小于块状区域的面积时,不足部分用第一数值填充后划分出块状区域。
- 一种移动设备,其特征在于,包括:存储器和处理器,所述存储器和所述处理器之间通过内部总线通讯连接,所述存储器存储有能够被所述处理器执行的程序指令,所述程序指令被所述处理器执行时能够实现权利要求1-9中任一项所述的基于同步定位与地图构建的路径规划方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210333108A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
| CN109541634A (zh) | 2019-03-29 |
| US11709058B2 (en) | 2023-07-25 |
| CN109541634B (zh) | 2023-01-17 |
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