WO2020133498A1 - 一种小型垃圾处理装置 - Google Patents

一种小型垃圾处理装置 Download PDF

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WO2020133498A1
WO2020133498A1 PCT/CN2018/125818 CN2018125818W WO2020133498A1 WO 2020133498 A1 WO2020133498 A1 WO 2020133498A1 CN 2018125818 W CN2018125818 W CN 2018125818W WO 2020133498 A1 WO2020133498 A1 WO 2020133498A1
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flue gas
garbage
combustion chamber
air
temperature flue
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PCT/CN2018/125818
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹森
沈竑
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深圳市能源环保有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/125818 priority Critical patent/WO2020133498A1/zh
Publication of WO2020133498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133498A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage

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  • the present invention relates to garbage treatment technology, in particular to a small garbage treatment device.
  • the present invention proposes a small garbage treatment device, including a garbage pyrolysis gasifier, a secondary combustion chamber, an air preheater, a semi-dry desulfurization system, an activated carbon injection system, a bag filter and a drying box. Air enters from the inlet of the air preheater.
  • the air outlet from the air preheater enters the second combustion chamber through the duct from the air inlet of the second combustion chamber; part of the high temperature flue gas of the second combustion chamber
  • the high-temperature flue gas outlet enters the pyrolysis gasifier through the pipeline from the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier, and at the same time enters the drying box through the high-temperature flue gas inlet provided in the drying box to dry the garbage; the other of the second combustion chamber
  • a part of the high-temperature flue gas enters the air preheater through the high-temperature flue gas outlet to heat the air, and then is discharged through the semi-dry desulfurization system, the activated carbon injection system, and the bag filter.
  • the present invention proposes a small garbage treatment device.
  • the pyrolysis gasification furnace is not ventilated with air, reducing N 2 heat absorption, and making the combustible gas free of N 2 , optimizing the combustion effect of the second combustion chamber;
  • the pyrolysis gasification furnace uses the heat of flue gas together with the drying oven and air preheater to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot fully utilize the heat of flue gas.
  • a small garbage treatment device including a garbage pyrolysis gasifier, a second combustion chamber, an air preheater, a semi-dry desulfurization system, an activated carbon injection system, and a bag filter , Trash putter and drying oven;
  • the utility model is characterized in that a garbage feed inlet is provided at the front of the furnace chamber of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and a high-temperature flue gas inlet and an ash residue outlet are provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification furnace.
  • the upper part of the furnace is equipped with a combustible gas outlet;
  • the drying box is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the upper part of the drying box is provided with a garbage inlet, and the lower part is provided with a garbage outlet;
  • the garbage pusher is also provided inside the drying box, and the garbage pusher pushes garbage to the A garbage outlet, from which the garbage enters the pyrolysis gasifier through the feed inlet;
  • the second combustion chamber is provided on the upper part of the garbage pyrolysis gasifier, the second combustion chamber is provided with a combustible gas inlet, an air inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, the combustible gas inlet of the second combustion chamber and the pyrolysis gasifier
  • the combustible gas outlet is connected, the high temperature flue gas outlet of the second combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasifier, and the high temperature flue gas outlet of the second combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet of the drying box;
  • the air preheater is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air outlet communicates with the air inlet of the second combustion chamber through a pipe;
  • a part of the high-temperature flue gas in the second combustion chamber enters the pyrolysis gasifier from the high-temperature flue gas outlet through the pipeline from the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier, and enters the drying box through the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the drying box.
  • the garbage is dried; another part of the high-temperature flue gas in the second combustion chamber enters the air preheater from the high-temperature flue gas outlet through the pipeline to heat the air, and then passes through the semi-dry desulfurization system, activated carbon injection system, bag dust collector, etc. Discharge after treatment.
  • the pyrolysis gasification furnace uses a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the pyrolysis gasification furnace uses a mechanical reciprocating grate furnace.
  • the present invention proposes a small garbage treatment device.
  • the pyrolysis gasifier is not fed with oxygen, which reduces N 2 endothermic heat, and makes the generated combustible gas free of N 2 , which is optimized.
  • the combustion effect of the second combustion chamber; on the other hand, the pyrolysis gasification furnace uses the flue gas heat together with the drying oven and air preheater to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot fully utilize the flue gas heat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment proposed by the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure using a fluidized bed furnace,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment proposed by the present invention.
  • the invention adopts a structural schematic diagram of a mechanical reciprocating grate furnace.
  • Second combustion chamber 2.1 combustible gas inlet, 2.2 air inlet, 2.3 high temperature flue gas outlet,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment proposed by the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, in this example, the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace uses a fluidized bed furnace.
  • a small garbage disposal device includes a pyrolysis gasifier 1, a second combustion chamber 2, an air preheater 3, a semi-dry desulfurization system 4, an activated carbon injection system 5, and a bag filter 6. Trash pusher 8 and drying box 7.
  • the figure shows that the front of the furnace of the pyrolysis gasifier 1 is provided with a garbage inlet 1.1, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gasifier is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 1.2 and an ash residue outlet 1.3.
  • the upper part is provided with a combustible gas outlet 1.4.
  • the upper part of the drying box 7 is provided with a garbage inlet 7.1, the drying box 7 is also provided with a high temperature flue gas inlet 7.2 and a flue gas outlet 7.3, and the lower part is provided with a garbage outlet 7.4.
  • the garbage push rod 8 is provided inside the drying box 7, and the garbage push rod 8 pushes the garbage to the garbage outlet 7.4, and the garbage enters the pyrolysis gasifier through the feed port 1.1 of the pyrolysis gasifier 1 from the garbage outlet 7.4.
  • the second combustion chamber 2 is provided at the upper part of the pyrolysis gasifier 1.
  • the second combustion chamber is provided with a combustible gas inlet 2.1, an air inlet 2.2 and a high-temperature flue gas outlet 2.3, a combustible gas inlet 2.1 of the second combustion chamber and the pyrolysis gasifier 1
  • the combustible gas outlet 1.4 is connected, the high temperature flue gas outlet 2.3 of the second combustion chamber is connected to the high temperature flue gas inlet 1.2 at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasifier, and the high temperature flue gas outlet 2.3 of the second combustion chamber is connected to the dry box flue gas inlet 7.2 through;
  • the air preheater 3 is provided with an air inlet 3.1 and an air outlet 3.2, and the air outlet 3.2 communicates with the air inlet 2.2 of the second combustion chamber through a pipe;
  • Part of the high-temperature flue gas in the second combustion chamber enters the pyrolysis gasifier from the high-temperature flue gas outlet 2.3 through the pipeline from the high-temperature flue gas inlet 1.2 of the pyrolysis gasifier, and enters the drying oven through the high-temperature flue gas inlet 7.2 of the drying box Dry the garbage.
  • Another part of the high-temperature flue gas in the second combustion chamber enters the air preheater 3 through the pipeline from the high-temperature flue gas outlet 1.2 to heat the air, and then passes through the semi-dry desulfurization system 4, the activated carbon injection system 5, the bag filter 6 etc. Discharge after treatment.
  • the invention proposes a small garbage disposal device, the garbage to be processed does not need to be sorted and broken, and is more suitable for the actual situation that the household garbage in villages and towns is not stored separately; the amount of garbage can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the pyrolysis gasification furnace.
  • the degassing furnace has a reducing atmosphere, which can greatly reduce the generation of SO X and NO X.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment proposed by the present invention. The figure shows that, unlike the first embodiment, in this example, the pyrolysis gasifier 1 uses a mechanical reciprocating grate furnace.
  • the invention proposes a small garbage treatment device.
  • the garbage is preliminarily dried in a drying box, and the heat source is the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the second combustion chamber; the removed water and flue gas enter the flue gas purification system together, and the system does not produce waste water;
  • the dried garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified in the pyrolysis gasification furnace to produce a large amount of combustible gas;
  • the small garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace adopts a fluidized bed furnace type or a mechanical reciprocating grate furnace; after the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage, the generated A large amount of combustible gas is combusted with oxygen in the second combustion chamber; after the high-temperature flue gas generated by the second combustion chamber is diverted by the valve control, part of it enters the drying oven to dry the garbage, and part enters the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace, and the excess high-temperature flue gas is in the tail flue
  • the waste heat is

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

一种小型垃圾处理装置，包括热解气化炉（1），二燃室（2），空气预热器（3），半干法脱硫系统（4），活性炭喷射系统（5），布袋除尘器（6），垃圾推杆（8）以及干燥箱（7）。空气从空气预热器的入口（3.1）进入，经加热之后，从空气预热器的空气出口（3.2）经管道从二燃室的空气入口（2.2）进入二燃室；二燃室的一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口（2.3）经管道从热解气化炉的高温烟气入口（1.2）进入热解气化炉、同时经干燥箱的高温烟气入口（7.2）进入干燥箱对垃圾进行干燥；二燃室的另一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口（2.3）经管道进入空气预热器对空气进行加热、然后依次经半干法脱硫系统、活性炭喷射系统、布袋除尘器等处理之后排出。由于热解气化炉没有通入空气，产生的可燃气中无氮气，优化了二燃室燃烧效果；同时，热解气化炉与干燥箱、空气预热器一起利用了烟气热量，烟气热量得到充分利用。

Description

一种小型垃圾处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术，尤其涉及一种小型垃圾处理装置。
背景技术
随着我国人民生活水平的提高，村镇生活垃圾产量明显增加，由于村镇生活垃圾具有分散、单位面积产量小的特点，给村镇生活垃圾的处理带来巨大困难。公开号为CN201810614759、CN201720979270公开了垃圾热解气化炉的相关技术，公知的垃圾热解气炉都必须通入空气，由于空气中含有氮气，导致燃烧过程中氮氧化物(NOx)等有害物质的增加，严重影响了生产和生活环境。
实用新型内容
为解决以上问题，本发明提出一种小型垃圾处理装置，包括垃圾热解气化炉，二燃室，空气预热器，半干法脱硫系统，活性炭喷射系统，布袋除尘器以及干燥箱。空气从空气预热器的入口进入，经加热之后，从空气预热器的空气出口经管道从所述二燃室的空气入口进入二燃室；所述二燃室的一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道从热解气化炉的高温烟气入口进入热解气化炉、同时经干燥箱设置的高温烟气入口进入干燥箱对垃圾进行干燥；所述二燃室的另一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道进入空气预热器对空气进行加热然后依次经半干法脱硫系统、活性炭喷射系统、布袋除尘器之后排出。本发明提出一种小型垃圾处理装置，一方面，热解气化炉没有通入空气，减少了N 2吸热，并使产生的可燃气中无N 2，优化了二燃室燃烧效果；另一方面，热解气化炉与干燥箱、空气预热器一起利用了烟气热量，解决了现存技术烟气热量无法完全利用的难题。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的其技术方案如下：一种小型垃圾处理装置，包括垃圾热解气化炉，二燃室，空气预热器，半干法脱硫系统，活性炭喷射系统，布袋除尘器，垃圾推杆以及干燥箱；
其特征是，在所述热解气化炉的炉膛前部设有垃圾进料口，在所述热解气化炉的底部设有高温烟气入口和灰渣出口，在所述热解气化炉的上部设有可燃气出口；
所述干燥箱设置烟气入口及烟气出口，所述干燥箱上部设置垃圾入口，下部设置垃圾出口；所述垃圾推杆还设置在干燥箱内部，所述垃圾推杆将垃圾推至所述垃圾出口，垃圾从所述垃圾出口再经所述进料口进入所述热解气化炉；
所述二燃室设置在垃圾热解气化炉的上部，所述二燃室设置可燃气入口，空气入口及高温烟气出口，所述二燃室的可燃气入口与热解气化炉的可燃气出口相连通，所述二燃室的高温烟气出口与热解气化炉底部的烟气入口相连通，所述二燃室的高温烟气出口与干燥箱烟气入口相连通；
所述空气预热器设置空气入口及空气出口，所述空气出口通过管道与所述二燃室的空气入口相连通；
空气从空气预热器的入口进入，经加热之后，从空气预热器的空气出口经管道从所述二燃室的空气 入口进入二燃室；
所述二燃室的一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道从热解气化炉的高温烟气入口进入热解气化炉、同时经干燥箱的高温烟气入口进入干燥箱对垃圾进行干燥；所述二燃室的另一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道进入空气预热器对空气进行加热然后依次经半干法脱硫系统、活性炭喷射系统、布袋除尘器等处理之后排出。
本发明优选方案，所述热解气化炉采用流化床炉。
本发明优选方案，所述热解气化炉采用机械往复炉排炉。
本实用新型的有益效果：本发明提出一种小型垃圾处理装置，一方面，热解气化炉没有通入氧气，减少了N 2吸热，并使产生的可燃气中无N 2，优化了二燃室燃烧效果；另一方面，热解气化炉与干燥箱、空气预热器一起利用了烟气热量，解决了现存技术烟气热量无法完全利用的难题。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的第一个实施例的结构示意图。采用流化床炉型的结构示意图，
图2是本发明提出的第二个实施例的结构示意图。本发明采用机械往复炉排炉的结构示意图。
图中：
1.热解气化炉，1.1垃圾进料口，1.2高温烟气入口，1.3灰渣出口，1.4可燃气出口，
2二燃室，2.1可燃气入口，2.2空气入口，2.3高温烟气出口，
3空气预热器，3.1空气入口，3.2空气出口，
4半干法脱硫系统，
5活性炭喷射系统，
6布袋除尘器，
7干燥箱，7.1垃圾入口，7.2高温烟气入口，7.3烟气出口，7.4垃圾出口，
8垃圾推杆,
9引风机。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明提出的第一个实施例的结构示意图。图1中显示，本例中，垃圾热解气化炉采用流化床炉。
图1中显示，本例中，一种小型垃圾处理装置，包括热解气化炉1，二燃室2，空气预热器3，半干法脱硫系统4，活性炭喷射系统5，布袋除尘器6、垃圾推杆8以及干燥箱7。
图中显示，热解气化炉1的炉膛前部设置有垃圾进料口1.1，在热解气化炉的底部设置有高温烟气入口1.2和灰渣出口1.3，在热解气化炉的上部设置有可燃气出口1.4。
干燥箱7上部设置垃圾入口7.1，干燥箱7还设置高温烟气入口7.2及烟气出口7.3，下部设置垃圾 出口7.4。垃圾推杆8设置在干燥箱7内部，垃圾推杆8将垃圾推送垃圾出口7.4，垃圾从垃圾出口7.4再经热解气化炉1的进料口1.1进入热解气化炉。
二燃室2设置在热解气化炉1的上部，二燃室设置有可燃气入口2.1，空气入口2.2及高温烟气出口2.3，二燃室的可燃气入口2.1与热解气化炉1的可燃气出口1.4相连通，二燃室的高温烟气出口2.3与热解气化炉底部的高温烟气入口1.2相连通，二燃室的高温烟气出口2.3与干燥箱烟气入口7.2相连通；
空气预热器3设置空气入口3.1及空气出口3.2，空气出口3.2通过管道与二燃室的空气入口2.2相连通；
空气从空气预热器的入口3.1进入，经加热之后，从空气预热器的空气出口3.2经管道从二燃室的空气入口2.2进入二燃室；
二燃室的一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口2.3经管道从热解气化炉的高温烟气入口1.2进入热解气化炉、同时经干燥箱的高温烟气入口7.2进入干燥箱对垃圾进行干燥。二燃室的另一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口1.2经管道进入空气预热器3对空气进行加热、然后依次经半干法脱硫系统4、活性炭喷射系统5、布袋除尘器6等处理之后排出。
本发明提出的一种小型垃圾处理装置，所处理的垃圾不需要分选、破碎，比较适合目前村镇生活垃圾不分类存放的实际情况；垃圾处理量可通过调整热解气化炉大小，适用于50t/d-200t/d，适用于5万人口的村镇至50万人口的区及县城，大大减少了垃圾收集运输的费用；垃圾热解气化炉内没有空气进入，还原性气氛抑制二噁英前驱物合成及氯化反应，基本从源头上断绝了二噁英的产生；还原性氛围使绝大多数重金属残留在灰渣中，灰渣集中处理；高温烟气本身携带部分热量提供垃圾热解气化所需能量；高温烟气中含有的少量氧气与垃圾热解气化后残碳反应，提供垃圾热解气化所需能量，维持热解气化炉内温度；高温烟气中含有部分水蒸气，在热解气化炉内形成近似水蒸气气化环境，使垃圾气化效率更高，产气品质更好。烟气进入烟气净化装置无害化处理后，由引风机通过烟囱排到大气中，实现环保；垃圾经干燥脱除的水分同烟气一同进入烟气净化装置，不产生废水排放；垃圾热解气化炉内为还原性氛围，可大幅减少SO X、NO x的生成。
图2是本发明提出的第二个实施例的结构示意图。图中显示，与第一个实施例不同的是，本例中，热解气化炉1采用机械往复炉排炉。
本发明提出的一种小型垃圾处理装置，垃圾在干燥箱内初步干燥，热源为二燃室排出的高温烟气；脱除的水分与烟气一同进入烟气净化系统，系统不产生废水排放；干燥后的垃圾在热解气化炉内热解气化产生大量可燃气；小型垃圾热解气化炉采用流化床炉型或机械往复炉排炉；垃圾经热解气化后，产生的大量可燃气在二燃室中富氧燃烧；二燃室产生的高温烟气经阀门控制分流后，一部分进入干燥箱干燥垃圾，一部分进入垃圾热解气化炉内，多余高温烟气在尾部烟道中回收余热，然后经烟气净化系统净化后排出；空气经尾部烟道中空气预热器加热后通入二燃室，用于可燃气富氧燃烧。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种小型垃圾处理装置，包括垃圾热解气化炉，二燃室，空气预热器，半干法脱硫系统，活性炭喷射系统，布袋除尘器，垃圾推杆以及干燥箱，
    其特征是，在所述热解气化炉的炉膛前部设有垃圾进料口，在所述热解气化炉的底部设有高温烟气入口和灰渣出口，在所述热解气化炉的上部设有可燃气出口；
    所述干燥箱设置烟气入口及烟气出口，所述干燥箱上部设置垃圾入口，下部设置垃圾出口；所述垃圾推杆还设置在干燥箱内部，所述垃圾推杆将垃圾推至所述垃圾出口，垃圾从所述垃圾出口再经所述进料口进入所述热解气化炉；
    所述二燃室设置在垃圾热解气化炉的上部，所述二燃室设置可燃气入口，空气入口及高温烟气出口，所述二燃室的可燃气入口与热解气化炉的可燃气出口相连通，所述二燃室的高温烟气出口与热解气化炉底部的烟气入口相连通，所述二燃室的高温烟气出口与干燥箱烟气入口相连通；
    所述空气预热器设置空气入口及空气出口，所述空气出口通过管道与所述二燃室的空气入口相连通；
    空气从空气预热器的入口进入，经加热之后，从空气预热器的空气出口经管道从所述二燃室的空气入口进入二燃室；
    所述二燃室的一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道从热解气化炉的高温烟气入口进入热解气化炉、同时经干燥箱的高温烟气入口进入干燥箱对垃圾进行干燥；所述二燃室的另一部份高温烟气从高温烟气出口经管道进入空气预热器对空气进行加热然后依次经半干法脱硫系统、活性炭喷射系统、布袋除尘器等处理之后排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小型垃圾处理装置，其特征是，所述热解气化炉采用流化床炉。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小型垃圾处理装置，其特征是，所述热解气化炉采用机械往复炉排炉。
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