WO2020119595A1 - 一种酚盐及其应用 - Google Patents
一种酚盐及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020119595A1 WO2020119595A1 PCT/CN2019/123575 CN2019123575W WO2020119595A1 WO 2020119595 A1 WO2020119595 A1 WO 2020119595A1 CN 2019123575 W CN2019123575 W CN 2019123575W WO 2020119595 A1 WO2020119595 A1 WO 2020119595A1
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- 0 C(CC1)C*1N(*1CCCC1)*1CCCC1 Chemical compound C(CC1)C*1N(*1CCCC1)*1CCCC1 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Oc1ccccc1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WROKZNKSSKLQDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C#[O]C(C1)(C2)C12c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C#[O]C(C1)(C2)C12c1ccccc1 WROKZNKSSKLQDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oc1ccncc1 Chemical compound Oc1ccncc1 GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-]c1cccc(Cl)c1 Chemical compound [O-]c1cccc(Cl)c1 HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-]c1ccncc1 Chemical compound [O-]c1ccncc1 GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- B01J31/0289—Sulfur
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- C07C205/20—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by hydroxy groups having nitro groups and hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C205/21—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by hydroxy groups having nitro groups and hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having nitro groups and hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C205/22—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by hydroxy groups having nitro groups and hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having nitro groups and hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having one nitro groups bound to the ring
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- C07C39/02—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring monocyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
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- C07C39/14—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings with at least one hydroxy group on a condensed ring system containing two rings
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- C07C39/15—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings, e.g. phenylphenol
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- C07C39/26—Halogenated derivatives monocyclic monohydroxylic containing halogen bound to ring carbon atoms
- C07C39/27—Halogenated derivatives monocyclic monohydroxylic containing halogen bound to ring carbon atoms all halogen atoms being bound to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D295/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with hetero atoms directly attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/26—Sulfur atoms
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a phenate and its application.
- Sulfuryl fluoride SO 2 F 2
- RSO 2 -F monofluorinated derivatives-sulfonyl fluoride
- R 2 NSO 2 -F sulfamoyl fluoride
- ROSO 2 -F fluorosulfate
- Firth prepared poly (aryl sulfate) bisphenol A (BPA) polymers such as Firth, from BPA fluorosulfate (obtained from BPA and SO 2 F 2 ) and the disodium salt of bisphenol J. Pol. Sci., Part B 1972, 10:637; and Firth, US 3,733,304.
- BPA bisphenol A
- the polymerization requires long time heating and produces a considerable amount of by-products, Firth points out that they are cyclic oligomers.
- the removal of by-products requires the polymer to be repeatedly precipitated into methanol from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
- DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
- DBU is used as a catalyst
- the amount of the catalyst is large, and requires post-treatment, which is not suitable for industrial production.
- BEMP as the catalyst, the molecular weight of the polymer is very high, and the proportion of cyclic polymer is very low, but the cost of the catalyst is high and not suitable. Large industrial production.
- the existing preparation method of the anion fluoride salt [HF 2 -] catalyst has two main methods.
- One method is the use of toxic and corrosive gas, such as hydrogen fluoride or sulfur tetrafluoride, which is not easy to operate; the other method is CI - exchange - and salts of expensive Ag (HF 2).
- the fluoride salt anion [HF 2 -] present demanding operation, or the high cost of preparation of the catalyst defects.
- the fluoro-anion salts [HF 2 -] catalyst is an acidic catalyst, wherein the key is an inorganic anion catalyze [HF 2 -], will react with the glass, and the operation of the reaction vessel have high requirements, Not conducive to large-scale application.
- NMP solvent needs to be added to the reaction system to dissolve the substrate, and therefore the mass production process costs are too high; e.g., the reaction substrate When the dosage is 0.2mol, NMP (50mL) needs to be added as a solvent (see “Process for the bulk preparation of polysulfate P-1" on page 1087 in the article Nature Chemistry, 9,1083-1088 (2017)); reaction bottom When the substance is 2 mmol, NMP (1 mL) needs to be added (see Nature Chemistry, 9, 1083-1088 (2017) Supporting Information, 2-2-1).
- the invention provides a phenate and its application.
- the phenate is simple to synthesize, can be used as a catalyst for hexavalent sulfur-fluorine exchange reaction (SuFEx), and has good operability and high catalytic activity; it can be used to prepare large amounts of polysulfate esters in a moderate amount under relatively low catalyst dosage and without solvent.
- Polysulfonate compound, the prepared polymer has the advantages of high molecular weight and simple post-treatment.
- the present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions.
- the invention provides an application of a phenate as a catalyst in a hexavalent sulfur-fluorine exchange reaction.
- the phenate includes cations and anions;
- n is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- q is 0, 1, or 2; (when q is 0, it means Does not exist, ie Not replace)
- X is N or P
- R 1-1 , R 1-2 and R 1-3 are independently Or heterocycloalkyl C 3 ⁇ 12; a heterocycloalkyl group of the C 3 ⁇ 12, the heteroatom is N, O and S, one or more, and containing at least one N atom, hetero atom The number is 1 to 3, and it is connected to the S + through the N atom;
- R 1-1-1 , R 1-1-2 , R 2-1 , R 2-2 , R 2-3 and R 2-4 are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 16 alkyl;
- heteroatoms are selected from one or more of N, O and S, and the number of heteroatoms is 1 to 3; when there are multiple R 4-1 substitutions, the Is the same or different; when there are multiple R 4-2 substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different;
- R 4-1 and R 4-2 are independently the following substituents: hydroxy, nitro, halogen, C 1 -C 16 alkyl, C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl Group, or, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-;
- Q 1 is a single bond, or a C 1 -C 16 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 5-1 ; when there are multiple R 5- 1 substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different;
- R 5-1 is independently halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or, when there are multiple R 5-1 , where two R 5-1 are connected to them The carbon atoms of form a C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl group, and the remaining R 5-1 are independently halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group.
- the phenate is composed of the cation and the anion.
- the n can be 1 or 2.
- the m can be 0 or 1.
- the q may be 0 or 1.
- said heterocycloalkyl C 3 ⁇ 12 may be a heteroatom selected from One or more of N, O, and S, C 4-6 heterocycloalkyl having 1 to 2 heteroatoms, for example
- R 1-1-1 and R 1-1-2 are not hydrogen at the same time.
- R 2-1 , R 2-2 , R 2-3 and R 2-4 are not hydrogen at the same time.
- R 1-1-1 , R 1-1-2 , R 2-1 , R 2-2 , R 2-3 or R 2-4 are C 1 -C 16 alkyl
- the The C 1 -C 16 alkyl group may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-carbon hexadecyl.
- the C 6 -C 10 aryl group When said When the C 6 -C 10 aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 4-1 , the C 6 -C 10 aryl group may be phenyl or naphthyl (eg ).
- the 5-6 membered heteroaryl group When independently a 5-6 membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 4-2 , the 5-6 membered heteroaryl group may be pyridyl (eg ).
- R 4-1 or R 4-2 is halogen, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl, or halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-
- the halogen or halogen is fluorine, Chlorine, bromine or iodine, for example chlorine.
- R 4-1 or R 4-2 is C 1 -C 16 alkyl, C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl or halogenated C 1 -C 16
- the C 1 -C 16 alkyl group is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, for example, methyl or tert-butyl.
- the C 1 -C 16 alkylene may be C 1 -C 6 alkylene Alkyl, such as methylene, or isopropylidene (eg ).
- R 5-1 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl
- the C 1 -C 6 alkyl may be C 1 -C 4 alkyl, such as methyl.
- the phenolate may also include neutral phenolic compounds in a complex form, and the neutral phenolic compounds are Among them, a is 1, 2, 3 or 4, b is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- p 0, 1, or 2;
- heteroatoms are selected from one or more of N, O and S, and the number of heteroatoms is 1 to 3; when there are multiple R 6-1 substitutions, the Are the same or different; when there are multiple R 6-2 substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different;
- R 6-1 and R 6-2 are independently hydroxy, nitro, halogen, C 1 -C 16 alkyl, C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl, or, Halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-;
- Q 2 is a single bond, or a C 1 -C 16 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 5-2 ; when there are multiple R 5- 2 substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different;
- R 5-2 is independently halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or, when there are multiple R 5-2 , two of R 5-2 are connected to them The carbon atoms of form a C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl group, and the remaining R 5-2 are independently halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group.
- the phenolate is composed of the cation, the anion, and the neutral phenolic compound.
- the C 6 -C 10 aryl group When said When the C 6 -C 10 aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 6-1 , the C 6 -C 10 aryl group may be phenyl or naphthyl (eg ).
- the 5-6 membered heteroaryl group When independently a 5-6 membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R 6-2 , the 5-6 membered heteroaryl group may be pyridyl (eg ).
- R 6-1 or R 6-2 is halogen, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl, or halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-
- the halogen or halogen is fluorine, Chlorine, bromine or iodine, for example chlorine.
- R 6-1 or R 6-2 is C 1 -C 16 alkyl, C 1 -C 16 alkyl-O-, halogenated C 1 -C 16 alkyl or halogenated C 1 -C 16
- the C 1 -C 16 alkyl group is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, for example, methyl or tert-butyl.
- the C 1 -C 16 alkylene group may be a C 1 -C 6 alkylene group Alkyl, such as methylene, or isopropylidene (eg ).
- R 5-2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl
- the C 1 -C 6 alkyl may be C 1 -C 4 alkyl, such as methyl.
- the number of the neutral phenolic compounds may be one or more (for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5); for example, 1 Or four.
- the anion can have any of the following structures:
- the neutral phenolic compound may be any of the following compounds:
- the phenate can be any of the following compounds:
- the application may include the following steps: in the presence of the phenate, the hexavalent sulfur-fluorine-substituted compound and the silicon-O-substituted compound undergo a hexavalent sulfur-fluorine exchange reaction to prepare Is sufficient; the hexavalent thiofluoro group is
- the application is the first solution or the second solution
- Scheme one includes the following steps: the hexavalent thiofluoro-substituted compound and the silicon-O-substituted compound are added with the phenolate and organic solvent in a solvent state or a solvent-free state Solution, unit reaction; wherein the hexavalent sulfur fluoride group and the silicon group -O- substituted on different compounds; the number of the hexavalent sulfur fluoride group substitution can be one or more, when present When there are multiple substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different; the number of the silicon-O- substitutions may be one or more. When there are multiple substitutions, the substitutions are the same or different; and, the The number of hexavalent thiofluoro group substitutions and the number of silicon-O- substitutions are not multiple at the same time;
- Scheme two includes the steps of adding the solution of the phenate and the organic solvent to the hexavalent thiofluoro-substituted compound and the silicon-O-substituted compound in a solvent-free state to perform polymerization Reaction, wherein the hexavalent thiofluoro group and the silicon group-O- are substituted on different compounds, and the number of the hexavalent thiofluoro group substitution may be two or more (for example, 3 Or 4); the number of the silicon-O-substitutions can be two or more (for example, 3 or 4); or, the hexavalent sulfur fluoride group and the silicon-O -Substitute on the same compound;
- the solvent state in the first scheme refers to that the hexavalent thiofluoro-substituted compound and the silicon-O-substituted
- the compound also contains the organic solvent
- the solvent-free state means that the hexavalent thiofluoro-substituted compound and the silicon-O- group are added before the solution of the phenolate and the organic solvent is added
- the substituted compound contains no solvent.
- the molar ratio of the hexavalent sulfur fluoride group to the silicon group-O- may be a conventional molar ratio in the art, It is preferably 1:1.
- the molar ratio of the hexavalent sulfur fluoride group to the silicon group-O- may be a conventional molar ratio in the art, It is preferably 1:1.
- the mole percentage of the phenolate and the silicon-O-substituted compound may be 0.1%-1%, which is Good land is 0.2% to 0.5%.
- the mole percentage of the phenolate and the silicon-O-substituted compound may be 0.1%-1% (for example 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%), preferably 0.15%-0.4%.
- the organic solvent may be a conventional organic solvent in this type of reaction in the art, such as nitrile solvents (such as acetonitrile) and amides.
- Solvents eg N,N-dimethylformamide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone
- halogenated alkanes eg methylene chloride
- alcoholic solvents eg methanol
- ketones eg acetone
- sulfoxides One or more of a solvent (such as dimethyl sulfoxide), and an ester solvent (such as ethyl acetate), preferably acetonitrile.
- the molar concentration of the phenate in the first solution, in the solution of the phenate and the organic solvent, may be 0.1 mol/ L-1 mol/L, preferably 0.5 mol/L to 1 mol/L.
- the organic solvent may be a conventional organic solvent in this type of reaction in the art, such as nitrile solvents (such as acetonitrile) and amides.
- Solvents eg N,N-dimethylformamide and/or N-methylpyrrolidone
- halogenated alkanes eg methylene chloride
- alcoholic solvents eg methanol
- ketones eg acetone
- sulfoxides One or more of a solvent (such as dimethyl sulfoxide), and an ester solvent (such as ethyl acetate), preferably acetonitrile.
- the molar concentration of the phenate in the second solution, in the solution of the phenate and the organic solvent, may be 0.1 mol/ L-1 mol/L, preferably 0.5 mol/L to 1 mol/L.
- the silicon-O -The molar concentration of the substituted compound in "the hexavalent thiofluoro group-substituted compound and the silicon-O-substituted compound also contains the organic solvent", preferably 0.1 mol/ L-1mol/L, more preferably 0.5mol/L.
- the temperature of the hexavalent sulfur-fluorine exchange reaction may be a conventional temperature in this type of reaction in the art, for example, 0°C to 300°C. It is preferably 10°C to 130°C; more preferably 10°C to 30°C.
- the temperature of the hexavalent sulfur-fluorine exchange reaction may be a conventional temperature in this type of reaction in the art, for example, 0°C to 300°C. It is preferably 120°C to 130°C.
- the silicon group in the silicon group-O-, may be a silicon group that is conventional in the art and exists on an oxygen atom, including those described in detail in "In Organic Synthesis "Protecting Groups” in ⁇ Protecting Groups in Organic; TW Greene and PGMWuts; Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999 ⁇ silicon group; preferably, the silicon group Selected from tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), trimethylsilyl (TMS), triethylsilyl (TES), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), dimethylisopropyl Silyl (IPDMS), diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS), dimethylhexylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl One or more of (TBDPS), tribenzylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, and di
- the -O- in the silicon-O-substituted compound may be a phenolic hydroxyl group or an alcoholic hydroxyl group; preferably a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the hexavalent thiofluoro-substituted compound may be any of the following compounds:
- the silicon-O-substituted compound may be any of the following compounds:
- the present invention provides a phenate, which can be any of the following compounds:
- the invention also provides a crystal form of tetrabutylammonium phenolate diphenol adduct represented by the following formula, and the single crystal structure data is as follows:
- the crystal form of the tetrabutylammonium phenolate diphenol adduct has single crystal structure data as shown below:
- phenates described in the present invention can be synthesized by methods similar to those well-known in the chemical field.
- steps and conditions refer to the steps and conditions of similar reactions in the art, especially in accordance with the description herein.
- the starting materials are usually from commercial sources such as Aldrich or can be easily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (available through SciFinder, Reaxys online database).
- halogen includes F, Cl, Br or I.
- the number of the term "substitution” may be one or more ⁇ for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5>. When there are multiple “substitutions”, the “substitutions" are the same or different.
- the position of the term "replacement" can be any position unless otherwise specified.
- alkyl is meant to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
- C 1- C 6, as defined as having 1,2,3,4,5 comprises a straight or branched chain structure in the "C 1 -C 6 alkyl", or a group of 6 carbon atoms, .
- “C 1 -C 6 alkyl” specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, and hexyl, etc. .
- the alkyl group when the alkyl group is clearly represented as a linking group, then the alkyl group represents the linking alkylene group, for example, the group "halo-C 1 -C 6 alkyl
- the C 1-6 alkyl group in the "group” should be understood as a C 1 -C 6 alkylene group.
- alkylene means a saturated divalent hydrocarbon group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a saturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group.
- alkylene groups include methylene (-CH 2 -), ethylene (including -CH 2 CH 2 -or -CH(CH 3 )-), isopropylene (including -CH(CH 3 ) CH 2 -or -C(CH 3 ) 2 -) and so on.
- cycloalkyl refers to a saturated monocyclic, polycyclic, or bridged carbocyclic substituent.
- the C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl group has a ring of 3-6 carbon atoms. The term includes but is not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
- cycloalkyl refers to a saturated monocyclic, polycyclic, or bridged carbocyclic substituent.
- cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.; wherein, C 3 ⁇ C 6 cycloalkyl Rings having 3-6 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
- heterocycloalkyl refers to a group of 3-10 membered saturated heterocyclic systems containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S. In a heterocycloalkyl group containing one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as long as valency permits. Heterocycloalkyl groups may be either monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocycloalkyl") or fused, bridged or spiro ring systems (eg bicyclic systems ("bicyclic heterocycloalkyl ”)) and is saturated. Heterocycloalkyl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or two rings.
- Heterocycloalkyl groups within the scope of this definition include, but are not limited to: azetidinyl, propylene oxide, thietane, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrophenylthio, pyrrolidinyl , Dihydropyrrolyl, dioxolyl, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, thiadiazolinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridyl, cyclopentyl sulfide, Piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, dioxanyl, triazinyl, azacycloheptyl, oxetanyl, and thiazepanyl.
- aryl refers to a 4n+2 aromatic having 6-14 ring atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, monocyclic or polycyclic (eg, bicyclic or tricyclic) Groups of ring systems (eg, having 6, 10, or 14 shared p electrons in a cyclic array) ("C 6 -C 14 aryl").
- Examples of the above aryl unit include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, or anthracenyl.
- Heteroaryl refers to a 5-10 membered unit having a ring carbon atom and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system (where each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) Groups of cyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring systems (for example, having 6 or 10 shared p electrons in a cyclic array) ("5-10 membered heteroaryl").
- Heteroaryl groups within the scope of this definition include, but are not limited to: acridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnoline, quinoxalinyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, benzotriazolyl, furyl, thienyl , Benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, indolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, Tetrahydroquinoline.
- heteroaryl should also be understood to include N-oxide derivatives of any nitrogen-containing heteroaryl.
- haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with halogen at any position.
- haloalkyl includes the above definitions of halogen and alkyl.
- the reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
- the positive progress effects of the present invention are: (1)
- the phenate catalyst of the present invention is simple to prepare, raw materials are easily available (phenol, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, etc. are all chemical raw materials), low cost and other advantages, and produces polymers of the same quality Phenate catalysts have absolute cost advantages;
- phenate catalyst of the present invention are basic catalysts, anionic fluoride salt [HF 2 -] as compared to the catalyst, having completely different physicochemical properties; for example, phenol anion is an organic anion, an inorganic anion such as not exist [ HF 2 -] in the case of the glass reactor, without requiring a special reaction vessel, reducing operating costs, better operability;
- the phenate catalyst of the present invention can efficiently catalyze the SuFEx reaction at room temperature to generate sulfonate or sulfate.
- the phenolate of the present invention is used as a catalyst to carry out the SuFEx reaction without adding a large amount of solvent to dissolve the substrate. Only a very small amount of solvent that is negligible for the reaction system is used for dissolution Phenol salt catalyst; it can achieve solvent-free catalytic polymerization under heating conditions, so that the polymer does not require additional post-treatment after the reaction, which has obvious advantages. Moreover, the phenate catalyst of the present invention can be slowly polymerized under solvent-free conditions in a large amount of reaction, and the complete curing time is about 10 minutes. TBSF (boiling point 90°C) is not produced in a large amount in an instant; therefore, compared with existing catalysts, The reaction is gentler and safer, and has better commercial application prospects.
- the 1 H NMR spectrum was measured with an Agilent-400 (400 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance instrument.
- the internal standard of 1 H NMR was TMS ( ⁇ , 0.00) or CDCl 3 ( ⁇ , 7.26);
- 13 C NMR spectrum was measured by Bruker AM-400 (100.7 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance instrument.
- the internal standards of 13 C NMR were CDCl 3 ( ⁇ , 77.16), DMSO-d 6 ( ⁇ , 39.52), CD 3 CN ( ⁇ , 1.32).
- the 19 F NMR spectrum was measured with an Agilent-400 (376 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance instrument.
- the internal standard of 19 F NMR was CFCl 3 ( ⁇ , 0.00), and the low field was positive.
- GPC uses waters1515 plasma chromatographic pump, 2707 autosampler, 2414 differential detector, column temperature 40°C, mobile phase 0.1% lithium bromide DMF solution, flow rate 1mL/min, time 30 minutes.
- the molecular weight is based on polystyrene.
- the melting point was determined by the M-565 melting point instrument of BUCHI.
- the reagents used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (China) Co., Ltd. (sigma), Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd. (J&K), Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Aladdin), Tixiai (Shanghai) Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd. ( TCI), Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Macklin), Sarn Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Energy) Chemical, Alfa Aesar (China) Chemical Co., Ltd. (Alfa Aesar), Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd.
- Solvents were purchased from Sinopharm Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Macklin), Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd. (adamas), Shanghai Tianlian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Dahe Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai Hebang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Company; used directly without additional treatment after purchase.
- RT refers to room temperature (10°C ⁇ 30°C); Polydispersity and PDI refer to the degree of polymerization; Mn PS (kDa) index average molecular weight.
- Phenol (5.004g) and methanol (50mL) were added to a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (19.38g, 25%) was slowly added, reacted at room temperature for 1 hour, vortexed, and 40°C under high vacuum Pumping overnight gave 9 g of white solid (100% yield).
- Phenol (4.9603g) and methanol (50mL) were added to a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (9.6145g, 25%) was slowly added, reacted at room temperature for 1 hour, vortexed, and 40°C under high vacuum Pumping overnight gave 8.8 g of white solid (100% yield).
- Phenol (3.289g) and methanol (50mL) were added into a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (2.55g, 25%) was slowly added.
- the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 1 hour, spin-dried, and 40°C under high vacuum Pumping overnight gave 3.8 g of white solid (100% yield).
- Phenol (1.1499g) and methanol (10mL) were added to a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (15.27mL, 0.8M) was slowly added.
- the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 1 hour, vortexed, and pumped under high vacuum at 40°C overnight , 4.1 g of colorless liquid was obtained (yield 100%).
- Phenol (1.5806g) and methanol (10mL) were added to a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (10.5mL, 0.8M) was slowly added.
- the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 1 hour, vortexed, and pumped under high vacuum at 40°C overnight 3.6 g of white solid was obtained (yield 100%).
- Phenol (1.6646g) and methanol (10mL) were added to a 100mL single-necked flask, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (6.9mL, 0.8M) was slowly added, reacted at room temperature for 1 hour, vortexed, and pumped at 40°C overnight under high vacuum , 3.0 g of white solid (yield 100%) was obtained.
- Phenol (1.1370g) and methanol (4mL) were added to a 50mL egg-shaped bottle. After dissolution, tetraethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (7.1248g, 25%) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30min, vortexed, and 50°C under high vacuum After pumping for 1 day, 2.7 g of light yellow solid was obtained (yield 100%).
- Phenol (1.1226g) and methanol (4mL) were added to a 50mL egg-shaped bottle. After dissolution, tetraethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (3.5173g, 25%) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30min, vortexed, and 50°C under high vacuum After pumping for 1 day, 1.9 g of a slightly yellow solid was obtained (yield: 100%).
- Phenol (0.6415g) and methanol (4mL) were added to a 50mL egg-shaped bottle, after dissolution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (8.2297g, 25%) was added, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2h, vortexed, high Pumping under vacuum at 50°C for 3 days gave 2.6 g of a yellowish solid (yield 100%).
- Phenol (1.4922g) and methanol (4mL) were added to a 50mL egg-shaped bottle. After dissolution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution (9.5670g, 25%) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2h. Pumping under vacuum at 50°C for 1 day gave 3.7 g of a yellowish solid (yield 100%).
- the organic phase was washed with 500 mL of water, then with 500 mL of 0.5 M sulfuric acid, then with 500 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and finally with 300 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution.
- the organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, then spin-evaporated to remove petroleum ether and methylene chloride, and then distilled under reduced pressure.
- the 51°C-52°C (5.1 Torr) fraction was taken as the product benzenefluorosulfonate (77.10g, yield 87.5 %).
- the reaction mixture is prepared as follows:
- the catalyst solution is prepared as follows:
- the unit reaction is operated as follows:
- reaction substrate mixture Take 1.00 mL of the reaction substrate mixture in a 1.5 mL volume centrifuge tube and place it on a shaker at 25°C to oscillate evenly. Then add 10 ⁇ L (0.2 moL%), 25 ⁇ L (0.5 moL%), 50 ⁇ L (1.0 moL%) respectively Catalyst solution and make up the volume in each centrifuge tube to 1050 ⁇ L. In the control group, no catalyst solution was added, and 50 ⁇ L of acetonitrile was added. The default reaction time is 1h.
- acetonitrile was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain a colorless oily crude product.
- the catalyst solution solvent is DMF
- the catalyst solution solvent is DMSO
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M acetonitrile solution) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M acetonitrile solution) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, add tetrabutylammonium phenolate II
- the phenol adduct solution (25 ⁇ L, 0.1 M acetonitrile solution) was stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, the raw materials disappeared, and only the target product was produced with a yield of >95%.
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, stirred for 1 hour, passed TLC and liquid Phase chromatographic tracking, no response.
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, add phenol solution (25 ⁇ L, 0.1M Acetonitrile solution) was stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, no reaction.
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M acetonitrile solution) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M acetonitrile solution) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, add sodium phenol solution (25 ⁇ L, 0.1 M in methanol) was stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, no reaction.
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, add tetrabutylammonium bromide solution (25 ⁇ L, 0.1M acetonitrile solution) stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, no reaction.
- Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a catalyst
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5mL, 1M in acetonitrile) in a 4mL centrifuge tube, add tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (25 ⁇ L , 0.1M methanol-acetonitrile solution (0.8M tetramethylammonium hydroxide methanol solution diluted with acetonitrile to 0.1M) was stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, only a small amount of product was produced (yield ⁇ 10 %).
- Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a catalyst
- Phenol fluorosulfonate 1 (0.5ml, 1M acetonitrile solution) and tert-butyldimethylsiloxybenzene 2 (0.5ml, 1M acetonitrile solution) in a 4ml centrifuge tube, add tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (25ul , 0.1M acetonitrile solution), stirred for 1 hour, followed by TLC and liquid chromatography, only a small amount of product was produced (yield ⁇ 10%).
- the phenate of the present invention when the polymer is prepared, the phenate of the present invention is used as a catalyst for the SuFEx reaction, and only a very small amount of solvent is used to dissolve the phenate catalyst. In the actual reaction, there is no need to add a large amount of additional solvent to dissolve the bottom It can achieve solvent-free catalytic polymerization under heating conditions, so that the polymer does not require additional post-treatment after the reaction, which has obvious advantages. Moreover, the phenate catalyst of the present invention can be slowly polymerized under solvent-free conditions in a large amount of reaction, and the complete curing time is about 10 minutes. TBSF (boiling point 90°C) is not produced in a large amount in an instant; therefore, compared with existing catalysts, The reaction is gentler and safer.
- the phenate catalyst of the present invention can efficiently catalyze the SuFEx reaction at room temperature to generate sulfonate or sulfate.
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Abstract
提供一种酚盐及其在六价硫氟交换反应中作为催化剂的应用,所述的酚盐包括阳离子和阴离子。该酚盐合成简单,可作为六价硫氟交换反应(SuFEx)的催化剂,且操作性好、催化活性高;能够在相对较低催化剂用量和无溶剂条件下,温和地大量制备聚硫酸酯或聚磺酸酯类化合物,制得的聚合物具有分子量高,后处理简单的优点。
Description
本申请要求申请日为2018/12/13的中国专利申请2018115256998的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
本发明涉及一种酚盐及其应用。
聚硫酸酯和聚磺酸酯具有非常优越的机械性能,是非常有潜力的工程塑料,传统的合成含硫(VI)聚合物的大多数己报道的尝试,依赖于模仿羰基型缩合的反应,即磺酰氯与亲核体的反应(例如(a)Goldberg等人,US 3,236,808;(b)Firth,US 3,895,045;(c)Thomson等人,J.Pol.Sci.,Part A 1964,2:1051;(d)Worket等人,Polym.Sci.,Part A:Polym.Chem.1968,6:2022;(e)Schlott等人,“Addition and Condensation Polymerization Processes”:American Chemical Society.1969:91:703-716)和Friedel-Crafts磺化(例如Cudby等人,Polymer 1965,6:589)。尽管通过这些方法获得的聚合物的有良好的物理性质,如热和水解稳定性和机械弹性;但是不易水解和不参与简易的氧化还原转化,尤其是氯化的氯化硫(VI)的非选择性反应性显著限制这些方法和材料的效用。
许多甲硅基化和氟化化合物的反应是有机合成以及聚合物化学中己知的。在1983年,Kricheldorf引入了用于合成聚芳基醚的“甲硅基法”,其利用Si-F键的强度和甲硅基氟化物副产物的无害性质(Kricheldorf等人,J.Pol.Sci.:Pol.Chem.Ed.1983,21:2283;Bier等人,US 4,474,932)。在2008年,Gembus证实磺酰氟(R-SO
2F)与甲硅基醚在催化量的DBU存在下反应,以产生芳基磺酸酯(Gembus等人,Synlett.2008,1463)。
硫酰氟(SO
2F
2)及其单氟化衍生物——磺酰氟(RSO
2-F)、氨磺酰氟(R
2NSO
2-F)和氟代硫酸酯(ROSO
2-F)(其中R是有机部分)与其它卤化硫(VI)形成鲜明对比。这些氧代氟化硫水解稳定得多、氧化还原惰性(redox silent)并且不充当卤化剂。但是,当在恰当的条件下存在适当的亲核体时,可以显现出它们的选择性反应性。在70年代早期,Firth由BPA的氟代硫酸酯(获自BPA和SO
2F
2)和双酚的二钠盐制备聚(芳基硫酸酯)双酚A(BPA)聚合物(例如Firth,J.Pol.Sci.,Part B 1972,10:637;和Firth,US 3,733,304)。该聚合需要长时间加热并产生相当大量的副产物,Firth指出它们是环状低聚物。副产物的脱除需要该聚合物从N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中反复沉淀到甲醇中。
进入21世纪,对新型聚硫酸酯和聚磺酸酯的研究有了很大进展,如2014年夏普里斯课题组用DBU或者BEMP作为催化剂,催化BPA的氟代硫酸酯与硅基保护的BPA进行六价硫氟交换反应(SuFEx),制备分子量较高的聚合物(Jiajia Dong,K.B.Sharpless,et al,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,9466-9470),在该文献中作者比较了聚硫酸酯与聚碳酸酯材料,发现聚硫酸酯具有较好的物理化学性质。在该方法中使用DBU做催化剂,催化剂用量较大,需要后处理,不适合工业生产,使用BEMP做催化剂,聚合物分子量很高,环状聚合物比例很低,但催化剂成本较高,不适合大工业生产。
夏普里斯课题组在2017年发现使用阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-](Bifluoride anion),能够在万分之五催化量的条件下高效的催化生成聚硫酸酯(Bing Gao,K.B.Sharpless.et al.Nature Chemistry,9,1083–1088(2017)),该类型催化剂具有催化效率高,用量少的优点。
但是,该阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂仍然存在较多不足的地方。(1),该阴离子氟盐[HF
2-]催化剂现有的制备方法主要有两种,一种方法是需要使用有毒腐蚀性气体,例如氟化氢或四氟化硫,操作不易;另一种方法是用Cl
-盐与价格较贵的Ag(HF
2
-)交换。因此,该阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂的制备存在操作要求严苛,或者成本高的缺陷。(2),该阴离子氟 盐[HF
2
-]催化剂是酸性催化剂,其中起到催化作用的关键是无机阴离子[HF
2
-],会与玻璃反应,对于反应容器及操作有较高的要求,不利于大规模应用。(3),使用该阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂合成聚硫酸酯时,需要在反应体系中加入NMP溶剂来溶解底物,因此在大规模生产时后处理成本太高;例如,反应底物用量为0.2mol时,需要加入NMP(50mL)作为溶剂(参见Nature Chemistry,9,1083–1088(2017)文章中第1087页中“Process for the bulk preparation of polysulfate P-1”);反应底物为2mmol时需要加入NMP(1mL)(参见Nature Chemistry,9,1083–1088(2017)supporting information中2-2-1)。(4),使用阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂,大量合成聚硫酸酯时,反应较剧烈,存在一定的安全安全隐患;同样在Nature Chemistry,9,1083–1088(2017)文章中第1087页中“Process for the bulk preparation of polysulfate P-1”描述中,当阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂加入后反应立即引发,在有大量溶剂的情况下,内温由123℃升到135℃,然后又快速降到100-110℃。在此过程中快速生成大量的TBSF(沸点89℃),因此,使用阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂,特别是当不使用大量溶剂时,反应更加剧烈,无法用于大规模生产聚硫酸酯。
因此,如何提供一种一方面催化剂本身制备简单,原料易得,成本低;另一方面又能够在相对较低用量催化剂的情况下,在基本无溶剂条件下,温和的、大量生产聚硫酸酯类化合物的制备方法,以便为后续该类聚合物的应用提供有力支撑,成为进一步的研究重点和急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种酚盐及其应用。该酚盐合成简单,可作为六价硫氟交换反应(SuFEx)的催化剂,且操作性好、催化活性高;能够在相对较低催化剂用量和无溶剂条件下,温和地大量制备聚硫酸酯或聚磺酸酯类化合物,制得的聚合物具有分子量高,后处理简单的优点。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题的。
本发明提供了一种酚盐在六价硫氟交换反应中作为催化剂的应用,所述的酚盐包括阳离子和阴离子;
X为N或P;
R
1-1、R
1-2和R
1-3独立地为
或C
3~12的杂环烷基;所述的C
3~12的杂环烷基中,杂原子为N、O和S中的一种或多种,且至少含有一个N原子,杂原子数为1~3个,且其与所述的S
+通过N原子相连;
R
1-1-1、R
1-1-2、R
2-1、R
2-2、R
2-3和R
2-4独立地为氢或C
1-C
16烷基;
独立地为未取代或被一个或多个R
4-1取代的C
6-C
10芳基、或、未取代或被一个或多个R
4-2取代的5~6元杂芳基;所述的5~6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;当存在多个R
4-1取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;当存在多个R
4-2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;
R
4-1和R
4-2独立地为下列取代基:羟基、硝基、卤素、C
1-C
16烷基、C
1-C
16烷基-O-、卤代C
1-C
16烷基、或、卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-;
Q
1为单键、或者,未取代或被一个或多个R
5-1取代的C
1-C
16亚烷基;当存在多个R
5-
1取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;
R
5-1独立地为卤素、C
1-C
6烷基或C
3-C
6环烷基;或者,当存在多个R
5-1时,其中两个R
5-1与它们之间相连的碳原子共同形成C
3-C
12环烷基,其余的R
5-1独立地为卤素、C
1-C
6烷基或C
3-C
6环烷基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐为所述的阳离子和所述的阴离子组成。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定 义的基团如前任一方案所述:
所述的n可为1或2。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
所述的m可为0或1。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
所述的q可为0或1。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
所述的R
1-1-1和R
1-1-2不同时为氢。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
所述的R
2-1、R
2-2、R
2-3和R
2-4不同时为氢。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
1-1-1、R
1-1-2、R
2-1、R
2-2、R
2-3或R
2-4为C
1-C
16烷基时,所述的C
1-C
16烷基可为甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正碳十六烷基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定 义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
4-1或R
4-2为卤素、卤代C
1-C
16烷基、或卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-时,所述的卤素或卤为氟、氯、溴或碘,又例如氯。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
4-1或R
4-2为C
1-C
16烷基、C
1-C
16烷基-O-、卤代C
1-C
16烷基或卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-时,所述的C
1-C
16烷基为C
1-C
6烷基,又例如甲基或叔丁基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
5-1为C
1-C
6烷基时,所述的C
1-C
6烷基可为C
1-C
4烷基,例如甲基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
p为0、1、或2;
独立地为未取代或被一个或多个R
6-1取代的C
6-C
10芳基、或、未取代或被一个或多个R
6-2取代的5~6元杂芳基;所述的5~6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;当存在多个R
6-1取代时,所述的取代相同或 不同;当存在多个R
6-2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;
R
6-1和R
6-2独立地为羟基、硝基、卤素、C
1-C
16烷基、C
1-C
16烷基-O-、卤代C
1-C
16烷基、或、卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-;
Q
2为单键、或者,未取代或被一个或多个R
5-2取代的C
1-C
16亚烷基;当存在多个R
5-
2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;
R
5-2独立地为卤素、C
1-C
6烷基或C
3-C
6环烷基;或者,当存在多个R
5-2时,其中两个R
5-2与它们之间相连的碳原子共同形成C
3-C
12环烷基,其余的R
5-2独立地为卤素、C
1-C
6烷基或C
3-C
6环烷基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐为所述的阳离子、所述的阴离子和所述的中性酚类化合物组成。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
6-1或R
6-2为卤素、卤代C
1-C
16烷基、或卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-时,所述的卤素或卤为氟、氯、溴或碘,又例如氯。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
6-1或R
6-2为C
1-C
16烷基、C
1-C
16烷基-O-、卤代C
1-C
16烷基或卤代C
1-C
16烷基-O-时,所述的C
1-C
16烷基为C
1-C
6烷基,又例如甲基或叔丁基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定 义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的R
5-2为C
1-C
6烷基时,所述的C
1-C
6烷基可为C
1-C
4烷基,例如甲基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的中性酚类化合物的个数可为一个或多个(例如2个、3个、4个或5个);又例如1个或4个。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用里,所述的酚盐的某些基团的定义如下,未定义的基团如前任一方案所述:
当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的中性酚类化合物可为如下任一化合物:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的酚盐可为如下任一化合物:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的应用,其为方案一或方案二;
方案一包括如下步骤,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在有溶剂状态或无溶剂状态下,加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液,进行单元反应;其中所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在不同的化合物上;所述六价硫氟基取代的个数可为一个或多个,当存在多个取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;所述硅基-O-取代的个数可为一个或多个,当存在多个取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;并且,所述六价硫氟基取代的个数和所述硅基-O-取代的个数不同时为多个;
方案二包括如下步骤,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在无溶剂状态下,加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液,进行聚合反应,其中,所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在不同的化合物上,所述六价硫氟基取代的个数可为两个或两个以上(例如3个或4个);所述硅基-O-取代的个数可为两个或两个以上(例如3个或4个);或者,所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在同一个化合物上;
其中,方案一中所述的有溶剂状态是指在加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液之前,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中还含有所述的有机溶剂;
方案一和方案二中,所述的无溶剂状态是指在加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液之前,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中不含有溶剂。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,所述的六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-的摩尔比可为本领域常规的摩尔比,较佳地为1:1。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案二中,所述的六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-的摩尔比可为本领域常规的摩尔比,较佳地为1:1。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比可为0.1%-1%,较佳地为0.2%~0.5%。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案二中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比可为0.1%-1%(例如0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%),较佳地为0.15%-0.4%。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,所述的有机溶剂可为本领域该类反应中常规的有机溶剂,例如腈类溶剂(例如乙腈)、酰胺类溶剂(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N-甲基吡咯烷酮),卤代烷类溶剂(例如二氯甲烷),醇类溶剂(例如甲醇),酮类溶剂(例如丙酮),亚砜类溶剂(例如二甲基亚砜),和酯类溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)中的一种或多种,较佳地为乙腈。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,在所述的酚盐和所述的有机溶剂的溶液中,所述的酚盐的摩尔浓度可为0.1mol/L-1mol/L,较佳地为0.5mol/L~1mol/L。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案二中,所述的有机溶剂可为本领域该类反应中常规的有机溶剂,例如腈类溶剂(例如乙腈)、酰胺类溶剂(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N-甲基吡咯烷酮),卤代烷类溶剂(例如二氯甲烷),醇类溶剂(例如甲醇),酮类溶剂(例如丙酮),亚砜类溶剂(例如二甲基亚砜),和酯类溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)中的一种或多种,较佳地为乙腈。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案二中,在所述的酚盐和所述的有机溶剂的溶液中,所述的酚盐的摩尔浓度可为0.1mol/L-1mol/L,较佳地为0.5mol/L~1mol/L。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,当为有溶剂状态时,在加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液之前,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在“所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中还含有所述的有机溶剂”中的摩尔浓度,较佳地为0.1mol/L-1mol/L,更佳地为0.5mol/L。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案一中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度可为本领域该类反应中常规的温度,例如0℃~300℃,较佳地为10℃~130℃;更佳地为10℃~30℃。
在本发明所述应用的某一优选实施例中,所述的方案二中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度可为本领域该类反应中常规的温度,例如0℃~300℃,较佳地为120℃~130℃。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的硅基-O-中,所述的硅基可为本领域中常规的,存在于氧原子上的硅基,包括那些详细描述于《在有机合成中的保护基团》{Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis;T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts;第三版,约翰威利国际出版公司(John Wiley&Sons),1999}中的硅基;较佳地,所述的硅基选自叔丁基二甲基硅基(TBS)、三甲基硅基(TMS)、三乙基甲硅基(TES)、三异丙基甲硅基(TIPS)、二甲基异丙基甲硅基(IPDMS)、二乙基异丙基甲硅基(DEIPS)、二甲基己基甲硅基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅基(TBDMS)、叔丁基二苯基甲硅基(TBDPS)、三苄基甲硅基、三苯基甲硅基、和二苯基甲基甲硅基(DPMS)中的一种或多种;较佳地为叔丁基二甲基硅。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中所述的-O-可为酚羟基、或醇羟基;较佳地为酚羟基。
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物可为如下任一化合物:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物可为如下任一化合物:
本发明提供了一种酚盐,其可为如下任一化合物:
本发明还提供了一种如下式所示的四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物的晶型,其单晶结构数据如下所示:
在某一方案中,所述的四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物的晶型,单晶结构数据如下所示:
本发明所述的酚盐可通过包括与化学领域公知方法相似的方法合成,其步骤和条件 可参考本领域类似反应的步骤和条件,特别是根据本文说明进行合成。
例如,可参考如下文献进行制备:(1)A.W.Hanson,A.W.McCulloch,and A.G.McInnes.COMPLEXES OF AROMATIC HYDROXY COMPOUNDS WITH AMMONIUM SALTS AND AMINES NOVEL HYDROGEN-BONDING NETWORKS.Tetrahedron Letters,Vol.23,No.6,pp 607-610,1982.(2)Richard Goddard,H.Martin Herzog and Manfred T.Reetz.Cation–anion CH···O
- interactions in the metal-free phenolate,tetra-n-butylammonium phenol-phenolate.Tetrahedron 58(2002)7847–7850.(3)Scott E.Denmark,Robert C.Weintraub,and Nathan D.Gould.Effects of Charge Separation,Effective Concentration,and Aggregate Formation on the Phase Transfer Catalyzed Alkylation of Phenol.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2012,134,13415-13429.(4)CN1262668A(四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物的制备方法)。
起始原料通常是来自商业来源,例如Aldrich或可使用本领域技术人员公知的方法(通过SciFinder、Reaxys联机数据库得到)容易地制备。
术语:
在本发明中,卤素包括F、Cl、Br或I。
本发明中,术语“取代”的个数可为一个或多个<例如2个、3个、4个或5个>,当存在多个“取代”时,所述“取代”相同或不同。
本发明中,术语“取代”的位置,如未做特别说明,位置可为任意。
术语“烷基”意指包括具有指定碳原子数目的支链和直链的饱和脂族烃基。例如,C
1-C
6,如在“C
1-C
6烷基”中定义为包括在直链或者支链结构中具有1、2、3、4、5、或者6个碳原子的基团。例如,“C
1-C
6烷基”具体包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、戊基、和己基等等。
在一些具体的结构中,当烷基基团清楚地表示为连接基团时,则该烷基基团代表连接的亚烷基基团,例如,基团“卤代-C
1~C
6烷基”中的C
1-6烷基应当理解为C
1~C
6亚烷基。
术语“亚烷基”表示从饱和的直链或支链烃基中去掉两个氢原子所得到的饱和的二价烃基基团。亚烷基基团的实例包括亚甲基(-CH
2-),亚乙基(包括-CH
2CH
2-或-CH(CH
3)-),亚异丙基(包括-CH(CH
3)CH
2-或-C(CH
3)
2-)等等。术语“环烷基”是指饱和单环、多环或者桥接碳环取代基。C
3~C
6环烷基具有3-6个碳原子的环。该术语包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、或环己基。
术语“环烷基”是指饱和单环、多环或者桥接碳环取代基。环烷基基团的实例包括,但并不限于,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基,等等;其中,C
3~C
6环烷基具有3-6个碳原子的环,包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、或环己基。
术语“杂环烷基”表示含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的3-10元饱和杂环系统的基团。在包含一个或多个氮原子的杂环烷基基团中,连接点可以是碳或氮原子,只要化合价许可。杂环烷基基团或者可以是单环的(“单环的杂环烷基”)或者是融合的、桥联的或螺的环系统(例如二环系统(“二环的杂环烷基”))并且是饱和的。杂环烷基二环的环系统可以在一个或两个环中包括一个或多个杂原子。在此定义范围内的杂环烷基包括但不限于:氮杂环丁基、环氧丙烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢苯硫基、吡咯烷基、二氢吡咯基、二氧戊环基、三唑啉基、噁二唑啉基、噻二唑啉基、哌啶基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡啶基、硫化环戊烷基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、二噁烷基、三嗪烷基、氮杂环庚烷基、氧杂环庚烷基、以及硫杂环庚烷基。
术语“芳基”是指具有6-14个环原子以及提供在芳香族环系统中的零个杂原子单环的或多环的(例如,二环的或三环的)4n+2芳香族环系统(例如,在循环阵列中具有6,10,或14个共享的p电子)的基团(“C
6-C
14芳基”)。上述芳基单元的实例包括苯基、萘基、菲基、或者蒽基。
“杂芳基”是指具有环碳原子以及提供在该芳香族环系统中的1-4个环杂原子(其中每个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧以及硫)的5-10元单环的或二环的4n+2芳香族环系统(例如,在循环阵列中具有6或10个共享的p电子)的基团(“5-10元杂芳基”)。在此定义范围内的杂芳基包括但不限于:吖啶基、咔唑基、噌啉基、喹喔啉基、吡唑基、吲哚基、苯并三唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吲哚基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、四氢喹啉。正如以下杂环的定义一样,“杂芳基”还应当理解为包括任何含氮杂芳基的N-氧化物衍生物。
术语“卤代烷基”表示卤素任意位置取代的烷基。由此,“卤代烷基”包含以上卤素和烷基的定义。
在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:(1)本发明的酚盐催化剂制备简单,原料易得(苯酚,四甲基氢氧化铵等都是化工原料),成本低等优势,生产同样质量的聚合物时酚盐类催化剂具有绝对的成本优势;
(2)本发明的酚盐催化剂是碱性催化剂,与阴离子氟盐[HF
2
-]催化剂相比,具有完全不一样的物理化学性质;例如,苯酚阴离子为有机阴离子,不存在如无机阴离子[HF
2
-]与玻璃反应的情况,无需特定的反应容器,降低了操作成本,操作性更好;
(3)在单元反应时,若加入溶剂,在底物更好的溶解的情况下,本发明的酚盐催化剂,在室温下即可高效的催化SuFEx反应,生成磺酸酯或硫酸酯。
(4)在制备聚合物时,采用本发明的酚盐作为催化剂,进行SuFEx反应,无需额外添加大量的溶剂来溶解底物,仅使用极微量的、对于反应体系可忽略不计的溶剂用于溶解酚盐催化剂;即可在加热的条件下实现无溶剂催化聚合,这样反应后聚合物可以不需要额外的后处理,具有明显的优势。且使用本发明的酚盐催化剂,在大量反应时,无溶剂条件下,能够缓慢聚合,完全固化时间约10分钟,TBSF(沸点90℃)不是瞬间大量产生的;因此,较现有的催化剂,反应时更温和、更安全,具有更好的商业应用前景。
图1为实施例43中四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加和物的单晶结构
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实验仪器:
1H NMR谱用Agilent-400(400MHz)型核磁共振仪测定,
1H NMR的内标为TMS(δ,0.00)或CDCl
3(δ,7.26);
13C NMR谱用Bruker AM-400(100.7MHz)型核磁共振仪测定,
13C NMR的内标为CDCl
3(δ,77.16)、DMSO-d
6(δ,39.52)、CD
3CN(δ,1.32)。
19F NMR谱用Agilent-400(376MHz)型核磁共振仪测定,
19F NMR的内标为CFCl
3(δ,0.00),低场为正。
LC-MS(ESI)谱用Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class系统和ACQUITY QDa质谱检测器测定(洗脱剂:0.1%的三氟乙酸水溶液和乙腈)。
GC-MS(EI)谱用SHIMADZU的GC-2010Plus和GCMS-QP2010Ultra测定(方法:T0=50℃,t=3min,ramp=25℃/min;T1=100℃,t=2min,ramp=10℃/min;T2=300℃,t=3min)或Agilent 7890A GC System和Agilent 5975C Inert MSD system测定 (方法:T0=80℃,t=3min,ramp=20℃/min;T1=300℃,t=15min)。
GPC采用waters1515等离子色谱泵,2707自动进样器,2414示差检测器,柱温40℃,流动相0.1%溴化锂的DMF溶液,流速1mL/min,时间30分钟。分子量以聚苯乙烯作为参考。
熔点采用BUCHI公司M-565熔点仪进行测定。
所用试剂购自西格玛奥德里奇(中国)有限公司(sigma aldrich),百灵威科技有限公司(J&K),上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司(Aladdin),梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司(TCI),上海麦克林生化科技有限公司(Macklin),萨恩化学技术(上海)有限公司(Energy Chemical),阿法埃莎(中国)化学有限公司(Alfa Aesar),上海泰坦科技股份有限公司(adamas),上海书亚医药科技有限公司,上海毕得医药科技有限公司,上海天莲化工科技有限公司,上海贤鼎生物科技有限公司,上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司或上海试剂三厂。
溶剂购自国药试剂有限公司,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司(Macklin),上海泰坦科技股份有限公司(adamas),上海天莲化工科技有限公司,上海大合化学品有限公司,上海合邦医药技术有限公司;采购后,未经额外处理,直接使用。
R.T.指室温(10℃~30℃);Polydispersity及PDI指聚合度;Mn
PS(kDa)指数均分子量。
实施例1
苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 1 苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将苯酚叔丁基二甲基硅(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体93mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.87-6.9(t,3H),6.47-6.49(d,2H),6.27(t,1H),2.84(s,18H)。
实施例2
2-甲基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 2 2-甲基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)甲苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体99mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.85-6.87(d,1H),6.76-6.79(t,1H),6.68-6.70(d,1H),6.29-6.32(t,1H),2.84(s,18H),2.04(s,3H)。
实施例3
对叔丁基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 3 对叔丁基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将4-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体114mg(yield 100%)。氟谱没有信号。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.92-6.94(d,2H),6.43-6.45(d,2H),6.27(t,1H),2.85(s,18H)。
实施例4
二(对叔丁基苯酚)氢化-三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 4 二(对叔丁基苯酚)氢化-三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入氟氢化三(二甲氨基)锍(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将4-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯(151.2mg,2eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体114mg(yield100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.96-6.98(d,4H),6.48-6.51(d,4H),2.84(s,18H),1.19(s,18H)。
实施例5
3-氯苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 5 3-氯苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)氯苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体106mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.86-6.9(t,1H),6.47(s,1H),6.38-6.4(d,1H),6.24-6.26(d,1H),2.84(s,18H)。
实施例6
2-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 6 2-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)硝基苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体110mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD
3CN):7.68-7.71(dd,1H),7.02-7.06(dd,2H),6.58-6.6(d,1H),6.05-6.09(t,1H)2.84(s,18H)。
实施例7
3-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 7 3-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL), 然后将3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)硝基苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体110mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.95-7.3(m,3H),6.8(s,1H),2.85(s,18H)。
实施例8
4-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 8 4-硝基苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将4-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)硝基苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体110mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.75-7.77(d,2H),6.02-6.04(d,2H),2.84(s,18H)。
实施例9
4-肉桂苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 9 4-肉桂苯酚三(二甲氨基)锍盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-4-肉桂苯(75.6mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到棕色液体136mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.19-7.25(m,4H),7.08-7.12(m,1H),6.76-6.78(d,2H),6.39-6.41(d,2H),2.86(s,18H),1.54(s,6H)。
实施例10
邻苯二酚二[三(二甲氨基)锍]盐的制备
Scheme 10 邻苯二酚二[三(二甲氨基)锍]盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(213.7mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将邻二(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)苯(131.4mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到黑色液体169mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.50-6.55(d,4H),2.85(s,36H)。
实施例11
双酚A-二[三(二甲氨基)锍]盐的制备
Scheme 11 双酚A-二[三(二甲氨基)锍]盐的制备
在塑料瓶中加入三(二甲氨基)锍二氟三甲基硅酸(100mg,1eq.),超干乙腈(2mL),然后将二(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)双酚A(83mg,1eq.)溶解在超干乙腈(2mL)中在冰浴下滴加到上述溶液中,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复室温,反应过夜,旋干。得到黑色液体100mg(yield 100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.69-6.71(d,4H),6.32-6.34(d,4H),2.84(s,36H),1.44(s,6H)。
实施例12
苯酚三(二乙氨基)锍盐的制备
步骤(1)二乙氨基硫的制备
Scheme 12 二乙氨基硫的制备
在1升的单口烧瓶中加入二乙胺(26g),五水硫代硫酸钠(12.4g)和二氯甲烷(200mL),在冰浴条件下滴加溴水(16g)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,缓慢恢复至室温,然后搅拌过夜。过滤,旋干,减压蒸馏得到3.2g无色液体(yield 35.8%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):3.05-3.1(m,4H),1.12-1.15(t,6H)。
步骤(2)N-氯-二乙胺的制备
Scheme 13 N-氯-二乙胺的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入二乙胺(6g,1eq.),甲基叔丁基醚(50mL),在冰浴条件下分批加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(11.9g,1.1eq.),缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,过滤,滤液用去离子水(2*50mL)和饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,得到无色油状液体1.9g(产率22%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):2.96-3.01(m,4H),1.22-1.26(t,6H)。
步骤(3)三(二乙氨基)氯化锍盐的制备
Scheme 14 三(二乙氨基)氯化锍盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入N-氯-二乙胺(1.06g,2eq.)和二氯甲烷(20mL),在冰浴条件下滴加二乙氨基硫(0.806g,1eq.)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液,滴加完毕后,恢复至室温,搅拌过夜,旋干,柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到棕色液体(产率65%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):3.3-3.36(m,2H),1.22-1.26(t,3H),MS:248。
步骤(4)苯酚三(二乙氨基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 15 苯酚三(二乙氨基)锍盐的制备
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入三(二乙氨基)氯化锍盐(0.7768g,1eq.)和丙酮(5mL),然后加入苯酚钠(0.3184g)的甲醇(5mL)溶液,有白色固体析出,反应过夜,过滤,旋干得到棕色油状液体(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.63-6.67(t,2H),6.02-6.04(d,2H),5.8-5.83(t,1H),3.17-3.22(q,12),1.11-1.14(t,18H)。
实施例13
苯酚-三(吡咯基)锍盐的制备
步骤(1)二吡咯化硫的制备
Scheme 16 二吡咯化硫的制备
在1升的单口烧瓶中加入吡咯(21.3g),五水硫代硫酸钠(12.4g)和二氯甲烷(200mL),在冰浴条件下滴加溴水(16g)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,缓慢恢复至室温,然后搅拌过夜。过滤,旋干,减压蒸馏得到棕色液体,直接用作后续反应。
步骤(2)N-氯-吡咯的制备
Scheme 17 N-氯-吡咯的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入吡咯(5g,1eq.),甲基叔丁基醚(50mL),在冰浴条件下分批加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(10.2g,1.1eq.),缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,过滤,滤液用去离子水(2*50mL)和饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,得到无色油状液体。直接用作后续反应。
步骤(3)三(吡咯基)氯化锍盐的制备
Scheme 18 三(吡咯基)氯化锍盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中,将第二步的产物溶解在二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴条件下滴加二吡咯化硫(20mL),滴加完毕后缓慢恢复至室温,反应过夜,浓缩,层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到棕色液体2.0g(三步产率32.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,D
2O):3.41-3.45(t,4H),1.98-2.01(t,4H),MS:242。
步骤(4)苯酚-三(吡咯基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 19 苯酚-三(吡咯基)锍盐的制备
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入三(吡咯基)氯化锍盐(0.1034g,1eq.)和丙酮(5mL),然后加入苯酚钠(0.0433g)的甲醇(5mL)溶液,有白色固体析出,反应过夜,过滤,旋干得到棕色油状液体125mg(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD
3CN):6.89-6.93(t,2H),6.45-6.47(d,2H),6.22-6.26(t,1H)。
实施例14
苯酚三(哌啶基)锍盐的制备
步骤(1)二哌啶基硫的制备
Scheme20 二哌啶基硫的制备
在1升的单口烧瓶中加入哌啶(29.7g),五水硫代硫酸钠(12.4g)和正己烷(200mL),在冰浴条件下滴加溴水(16g)的正己烷(100mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,缓慢恢复至室温,然后搅拌过夜。过滤,旋干,甲醇重结晶得到6g白色固体(产率60%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):3.25-3.27(t,4H),1.42-1.53(m,6H),MS:248。MS:200,m.p.:74.9-75.6℃。
步骤(2)N-氯哌啶的制备
Scheme 21 N-氯哌啶的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入哌啶(3.41g,1eq.),甲基叔丁基醚(50mL),在冰浴条件下分批加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(6g,1.1eq.),缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,过滤,滤液用去离子水(2*50mL)和饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩, 得到无色油状液体4.3g(产率90%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):2.7-3.12(m,4H),1.68-1.71(q,4H),1.42(m,2H),MS:118。
步骤(3)三(哌啶基)氯化锍盐的制备
Scheme 22 三(哌啶基)氯化锍盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入5.8g N-氯哌啶,二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴条件下滴加二哌啶基硫(4.8g)的二氯甲烷(50mL)溶液,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复至室温,反应过夜,浓缩,层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到黄色固体5.4g(70.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD
3CN):3.21(m,4H),1.64(m,6H),MS:2284。
步骤(4)苯酚三(哌啶基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 23 苯酚三(哌啶基)锍盐的制备
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入三(哌啶基)氯化锍盐(0.1g,1eq.)和丙酮(5mL),然后加入苯酚钠(0.0364g)的甲醇(5mL)溶液,有白色固体析出,反应过夜,过滤,旋干得到棕色油状液体(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.90-6.94(t,2H),6.53-6.55(d,2H),6.32-6.35(t,1H),3.19(m,12H),1.59(m,18H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ164.7,129.1,117.3,113.7,47.9,25.5,23.7。
实施例15
苯酚三(吗啡啉基)锍盐的制备
二吗啡啉基硫的制备
Scheme 24 二吗啡啉基硫的制备
在1升的单口烧瓶中加入吗啡啉(29.7g),五水硫代硫酸钠(12.4g)和正己烷(200mL),在冰浴条件下滴加溴水(16g)的正己烷(100mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,缓慢恢复至室温,然后搅拌过夜。过滤,旋干,甲醇重结晶得到6.8g白色固体(产率66.7%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):3.62-3.65(t,4H),3.27-3.29(t,4H)。
步骤(1)N-氯吗啡啉的制备
Scheme 25 N-氯吗啡啉的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入吗啡啉(2.6g,1eq.),甲基叔丁基醚(20mL),在冰浴条件下分批加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(4.4g,1.1eq.),缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,过滤,滤液用去离子水(2*50mL)和饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,得到无色油状液体直接用作下一步反应。
步骤(2)三(吗啡啉基)氯化锍盐的制备
Scheme 26 三(吗啡啉基)氯化锍盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入上述反应的N-氯吗啡啉,二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴条件下滴加二吗啡啉基硫(3g)的二氯甲烷(50mL)溶液,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复至室温,反应过夜,浓缩,层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到黄色固体2.4g(50%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,D
2O):3.88-3.9(t,4H),3.44-3.47(t,4H),MS:290。
步骤(3)苯酚三(吗啡啉基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 27 苯酚三(吗啡啉基)锍盐的制备
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入三(吗啡啉基)氯化锍盐(0.1512g,1eq.)和丙酮(5mL),然后加入苯酚钠(0.054g)的甲醇(5mL)溶液,有白色固体析出,反应过夜,过滤,旋干得到白色固体178mg(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.67-6.7(t,2H),6.05-6.06(d,2H),5.85(t,1H),3.71-3.73(t,12H),3.30-3.32(t,12H)。
实施例16
苯酚-三(氮杂环庚基)锍盐的制备
步骤(1)二环庚胺基硫的制备
Scheme 28 二环庚胺基硫的制备
在1升的单口烧瓶中加入环己亚胺(34.6g),五水硫代硫酸钠(12.4g)和正己烷(200mL),在冰浴条件下滴加溴水(16g)的正己烷(100mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,缓慢恢复至室温,然后搅拌过夜。过滤,旋干,得到10.6g黄色固体(产率93%)。
步骤(2)1-氯氮杂环庚烷的制备
Scheme 29 1-氯氮杂环庚烷的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入环己亚胺(10g,1eq.),甲基叔丁基醚(50mL),在冰浴条件下分批加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(13.5g,1.1eq.),缓慢升至室温,反应2小时,过滤,滤液用去离子水(2*50mL)和饱和氯化钠(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩,得到无色油状液体直接用作下一步反应。
步骤(3)三(氮杂环庚基)氯化锍盐的制备
Scheme 30 三(氮杂环庚基)氯化锍盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入第二步的1-氯氮杂环庚烷和二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴条件下滴加二环庚胺基硫(10.6g)的二氯甲烷(50mL)溶液,滴加完毕后缓慢恢复至室温,反应过夜,浓缩,层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到黄色油状液体6.5g(70.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,D
2O):3.34-3.38(m,4H),1.77(m,4H),1.63-1.65(m,4H),MS:326。
步骤(4)苯酚-三(氮杂环庚基)锍盐的制备
Scheme 31 苯酚-三(氮杂环庚基)锍盐的制备
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入三(氮杂环庚基)氯化锍盐(0.5417g,1eq.)和丙酮(5mL),然后加入苯酚钠(0.1738g)的甲醇(5mL)溶液,有白色固体析出,反应过夜,过滤,旋干得到黄色油状液体(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD
3CN):6.81-6.82(m,2H),6.25(m,2H),6.04(m,1H),3.31-3.32(m,12H)1.76(m,12H),1.65(m,12H)。
实施例17
苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 32 苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(5.004g)和甲醇(50mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(19.38g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体9g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.59-6.6.63(t,2H),5.88-5.90(d,2H),5.68-5.72(t,1H),3.10(s,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ172.37,128.68,118.98,105.96,54.1。
实施例18
二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 33 二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(4.9603g)和甲醇(50mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(9.6145g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体8.8g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.87-6.6.91(t,4H),6.46-6.48(d,4H),6.25-6.29(t,2H),3.09(s,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)165.37,128.73,117.2,112.45,54。
实施例19
四苯酚合苯酚四甲基铵的制备
Scheme 34 四苯酚合苯酚四甲基铵的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(3.289g)和甲醇(50mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(2.55g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体3.8g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.87-6.6.91(t,4H),6.46-6.48(d,4H),6.25-6.29(t,2H),3.09(s,12H)。
实施例20
对叔丁基苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 35 对叔丁基苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入对叔丁基苯酚(0.5478g)和甲醇(5mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(1.3293g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体0.8g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.64-6.66(d,2H),5.82-5.84(d,2H),3.09(s,12H),1.13(s,9H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ169.8,127.57,125.02,117.81,54,32.9,32.04。
实施例21
2,6-二甲基苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme36 2,6-二甲基苯酚四甲基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入2,6-二甲基苯酚(1.551g)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(4.6276g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体2.4g(产率97%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.50-6.52(d,2H),5.57-5.60(t,1H),3.09(s,12H),1.86(s,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ169.65,126.9,123.3,104.4,54.1,18.5。
实施例22
苯酚四丁基铵盐的制备
Scheme 37 苯酚四丁基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(1.1499g)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(15.27mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到无色液体4.1g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.62-6.66(t,2H),6.00-6.02(d,2H),5.78-5.82(t,1H),3.11-3.15(m,8H),1.49-1.54(m,8H),1.24-1.3(m,8H),0.88-0.92(t,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ171.14,128.42,118.67,107,57.52,23.11,19.17,13.42。
实施例23
二苯酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
Scheme 38 二苯酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(1.5806g)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(10.5mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体3.6g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.87-6.6.89(t,4H),6.44-6.46(d,4H),6.25(t,2H),3.13-3.17(m,8H),1.54-1.58(m,8H),1.29-1.33(t,8H),1.18(s,18H),0.91-0.95(t,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ166.57,134.7,128.6,117.2,112.08,57.51,23.06,19.17,13.45。
实施例24
对叔丁基苯酚四丁基铵盐的制备
Scheme 39 对叔丁基苯酚四丁基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入对叔丁基苯酚(1.5805g)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(13.2mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到无色粘稠液体4.1g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.67-6.6.69(d,2H),6.94-6.96(d,2H),3.12-3.15(m,8H),1.53(m,8H),1.24-1.3(m,8H),1.12(s,9H),0.88-0.92(t,12H)。
实施例25
二对叔丁基苯酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
Scheme 40 二对叔丁基苯酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入苯酚(1.6646g)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(6.9mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体3.0g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.89-6.6.92(d,4H),6.39-6.41(d,4H),3.14-3.18(m,8H),1.54-1.56(m,8H),1.29-1.31(m,8H),1.18(s,18H),0.91-0.95(t,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ163.1,134.7,125.6,116.8,58,33.7,32.2,23.5,19.7,13.9。
实施例26
苯酚四乙基铵盐的制备
Scheme 41 苯酚四乙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入苯酚(1.1370g)和甲醇(4mL),溶解后加入四乙基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(7.1248g,25%),室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得微黄色固体2.7g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.70(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.10(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),5.89(t,1H),3.20(q,J=7.2Hz,8H),1.29-0.95(m,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ170.94,129.03,118.92,108.09,51.98,51.95,51.92,7.60。
实施例27
二苯酚氢化四乙基铵盐的制备
Scheme 42 二苯酚氢化四乙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入苯酚(1.1226g)和甲醇(4mL),溶解后加入四乙基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(3.5173g,25%),室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得微黄色固体1.9g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.89(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),6.48(d,J=7.7Hz,4H),6.28(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.19(q,J=7.2Hz,8H),1.14(t,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ165.89,129.16,117.64,112.87,51.97,51.94,51.91,7.56。
实施例28
苯酚十六烷基三甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 43 苯酚十六烷基三甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入苯酚(0.6415g)和甲醇(4mL),溶解后加入十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(8.2297g,25%),室温搅拌反应2h,旋干,高真空下50℃抽3天,得微黄色固体2.6g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ6.97(dd,J=8.5,7.2Hz,2H),6.61(dd,J=8.5,1.1Hz,2H),6.42(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.28-3.21(m,2H),3.04(s,9H),1.73(s,2H),1.29(s,26H),0.90(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,Methanol-d4)δ166.03,128.62,118.37,113.91,66.43,52.08,52.04,52.00,31.69,29.42,29.40,29.38,29.34,29.25,29.15,29.09,28.83,25.96,22.51,22.35,13.08。
实施例29
二苯酚氢化十六烷基三甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 44 二苯酚氢化十六烷基三甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入苯酚(1.4922g)和甲醇(4mL),溶解后加入十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(9.5670g,25%),室温搅拌反应2h,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得微黄色固体3.7g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.95-6.81(m,4H),6.45(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),6.25(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.32-3.18(m,3H),3.02(s,9H),1.64(s,2H),1.24(s,26H),0.93-0.80(m,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ165.98,129.14,117.70,112.75,65.70,52.55,52.51,52.47,31.79,29.56,29.52,29.45,29.32,29.21,29.01,26.23,22.59,22.53,14.41。
实施例30
4-羟基吡啶四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 45 4-羟基吡啶四甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(5.4702g,25%),加入4-羟基吡啶(1.4260g)并溶解,室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得淡黄色固体2.5g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.51(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),5.81(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.10(s,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ176.16,149.36,117.01,54.69。
实施例31
二(4-羟基吡啶)氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 46 二(4-羟基吡啶)氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(5.4626g,25%),加入4-羟基吡啶(2.8481g)并溶解,室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得桔黄色固体4.0g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.79(d,J=4.6Hz,4H),6.23(d,J=6.0Hz,4H),3.09(s,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ172.93,148.31,115.28,54.80。
实施例32
二(2-萘酚)氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
Scheme 47 二(2-萘酚)氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(5.5423g,25%),加入2-萘酚(4.3805g)并溶解,室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下50℃抽1天,得棕色固体5.5g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.16(ddd,J=8.1,6.8,1.2Hz,2H),6.98-6.92(m,4H),6.79(d,J=2.1Hz,2H),3.08(s,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ164.24,136.70,128.65,127.75,125.69,125.38,125.06,123.53,119.65,108.89,54.77。
实施例33
二(4-甲氧基苯酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐
Scheme 48 二(4-甲氧基苯酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入对甲氧基苯酚(1.2414g,20mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液(2.50mL,2M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到红褐色固体2.2g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.53-6.45(m,4H),6.40-6.32(m,4H),3.53(s,6H),3.13-3.02(m,8H),1.64-1.49(m,8H),0.85(t,J=7.3Hz,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ159.92,148.54,117.23,115.01,59.73,56.05,15.26,10.95。
实施例34
4-硝基苯酚四正丙基铵盐
Scheme 49 4-硝基苯酚四正丙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入对硝基苯酚(1.3911g,10mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液(5.00mL,2M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到黄色固体3.2g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.75-7.66(m,2H),5.94-5.86(m,2H),3.15-2.99(m,8H),1.55(m,8H),0.85(t,J=7.2Hz,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ180.92,128.15,127.95,119.78,59.78,15.26,10.95。
实施例35
二(4-硝基苯酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐
Scheme 50 二(4-硝基苯酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入对硝基苯酚(2.7822g,20mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液(5.00mL,2M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到黄色油状液体4.6g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ8.01-7.88(m,4H),6.61-6.48(m,4H),3.15-3.01(m,8H),1.67-1.47(m,8H),0.85(t,J=7.2Hz,12H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ172.67,135.12,127.10,117.56,59.77,15.24,10.92。
实施例36
双酚A双(四乙基铵)盐
Scheme 51 双酚A双(四乙基铵)盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入双酚A(2.2829g,10mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四乙基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(11.78g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到白色固体4.9g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.53(d,J=8.6Hz,4H),5.87(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),3.15(q,J=7.3Hz,16H),1.33(s,6H),1.20-1.02(m,24H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ169.28,130.62,127.02,117.77,51.90,32.42,7.58。
实施例37
2,6-二叔丁基酚四甲基铵盐
Scheme 52 2,6-二叔丁基酚四甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入2,6-二叔丁基酚(2.0633g,10mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(3.64g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下 40℃抽过夜,得到墨绿色固体2.8g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.54(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),5.52(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.07(s,12H),1.28(s,18H)。
实施例38
二(2,6-二叔丁基酚)氢化四甲基铵盐
Scheme 53 二(2,6-二叔丁基酚)氢化四甲基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入2,6-二叔丁基酚(4.1266g,20mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(3.64g,25%),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到墨绿色固体4.9g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.74(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),5.99(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.07(s,12H),1.31(s,18H)。
实施例39
二(1-萘酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐
Scheme 54 二(1-萘酚)氢化四正丙基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入1-萘酚(1.1534g,8mmol)和甲醇(10mL),缓慢加入四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液(2.0mL,2M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到褐色固体1.9g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ8.24(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,2H),7.70-7.49(m,2H),7.27(ddd,J=8.2,6.7,1.5Hz,2H),7.20(ddd,J=8.1,6.7,1.4Hz,2H),7.08(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.84(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.64(dd,J=7.6,1.1Hz,2H),3.11-2.94(m,8H),1.52(m,8H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,12H)。
实施例40
3-羟基吡啶四正丁基铵盐
Scheme 55 3-羟基吡啶四正丁基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入3-羟基吡啶(0.951g,10mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(12.50mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到淡黄色固体3.4g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.35(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),6.99(dd,J=4.3,1.5Hz,1H),6.58(dd,J=8.3,4.3Hz,1H),6.17(m,1H),3.12(s,4H),1.52(qt,J=7.8,5.8,4.6Hz,13H),1.27(q,J=7.3Hz,12H),0.89(t,J=7.3Hz,18H)。
实施例41
二(3-羟基吡啶)四正丁基铵盐
Scheme 56 二(3-羟基吡啶)四正丁基铵盐的制备
在50mL蛋形瓶中加入3-羟基吡啶(1.902g,20mmol)和甲醇(20mL),缓慢加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(12.50mL,0.8M),室温下反应1小时,旋干,在高真空下40℃抽过夜,得到淡黄色油状液体4.3g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.83(d,J=2.8Hz,2H),7.54(dd,J=4.5,1.5Hz,2H),6.89(dd,J=8.3,4.5Hz,2H),6.76(ddd,J=8.3,2.9,1.5Hz,2H),3.27-2.93(m,8H),1.52(p,J=7.7Hz,8H),1.26(q,J=7.4Hz,8H),0.89(t,J=7.3Hz,12H)。
实施例42
R-1,1’-联-2-萘酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
Scheme 57 R-1,1’-联-2-萘酚氢化四丁基铵盐的制备
在200mL蛋形瓶中加入四丁基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液(16.1164g,25%),之后加入R-1,1’-联-2-萘酚(4.4460g)和甲醇(100mL),溶解后,室温搅拌反应30min,旋干,高真空下抽1天,得微黄色固体8.2g(产率100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.62(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.01-6.83(m,8H),3.20-3.04(m,8H),1.53(dt,J=15.9,7.2Hz,8H),1.28(h,J=7.3Hz,8H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,12H)。
实施例43
四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物的制备
Scheme 58 四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物的制备
在250毫升单口烧瓶中,加入2g氢氧化钠,25毫升水,4.705g苯酚,然后恒压滴液漏斗滴加四丁基溴化铵(16.12g溶于35mL水)溶液,剧烈搅拌,单后用60分钟向上述混合液中滴加9.41苯酚(需要加热融化),将所得到的悬浮液再搅拌60分钟,反应结束后用布氏漏斗过滤,用水洗涤,真空干燥得到白的固体,22.5g(产率86.2%)。
熔点:65.2-66.7℃
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ6.96-7.00(t,6H),6.6-6.62(d,6H),6.43-6.47(t,3H),3.13-3.17(t,8H),1.51-1.59(m,8H),1.25-1.35(m,8H),0.91-0.95(t,12H)。
单晶结构数据:
实施例44
苯氟磺酸酯的制备
Scheme 59 苯氟磺酸酯的制备
称取苯酚(47.22g,0.5mol),溶于500mL二氯甲烷中,加入三乙胺(90.3mL,0.65mol),混合均匀后以水泵抽去瓶中空气后,使用气球分批加入硫酰氟(~12L,>0.5mol),并将反应器置于常温水浴中。反应约1h后完毕,反应液旋蒸至剩余约250mL后加入250mL石油醚(30℃-60℃)。有机相使用500mL水洗涤,之后使用500mL 0.5M硫酸洗涤,再使用500mL饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,最后300mL饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。有机相使用无水硫酸钠干燥后旋蒸除去石油醚和二氯甲烷,之后减压蒸馏,取51℃-52℃(5.1Torr)馏分即为产物苯氟磺酸酯(77.10g,产率87.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ7.51-7.44(m,2H),7.44-7.37(m,1H),7.33(m,2H)。
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl
3)δ37.47。
实施例45
叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯的制备
Scheme 60 叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯
称取苯酚(47.22g,0.5mol),溶于400mL二氯甲烷中,加入咪唑(44.25g,0.65mol),搅拌以使其完全溶解,之后置于冰浴中冷却。叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(90.43g,0.6mol)溶于200mL二氯甲烷中,于冰浴搅拌条件下分批加入到上述苯酚和咪唑的二氯甲烷溶液中,加入完毕后去除冰浴,逐渐上升至室温后反应2h。反应完毕后减压过滤除去反应产生的盐酸咪唑,之后旋蒸除去二氯甲烷。向剩余物中加入400mL石油醚(30℃-60℃),先使用500mL水洗涤,之后使用500mL饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,最后使用200mL饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。有机相使用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去石油醚,剩余物减压蒸馏,取73.0℃-73.5℃馏分,即为产物叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯(99.10g,产率95.1%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ7.31-7.14(m,2H),7.00-6.89(m,1H),6.89-6.76(m,2H),0.98(s,9H),0.19(s,6H)。
实施例46
催化剂催化单元反应
Scheme 61 催化剂催化单元反应
实验步骤:
反应混合液按以下方法制备:
精密称取苯酚氟磺酸酯1(2.2024g,12.5mmol)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(2.6048g,12.5mmol),混合后加入25mL无水乙腈溶解,得反应底物混合液。
催化剂溶液按以下方法制备:
对于不同的催化剂,精密称取0.1mmol催化剂,加入1.00mL乙腈,得0.1M浓度催化剂溶液。
单元反应按如下方法操作:
取1.00mL反应底物混合液于1.5mL容积离心管中,25℃下置于摇床上震荡均匀,之后分别加入10μL(0.2moL%),25μL(0.5moL%),50μL(1.0moL%)的催化剂溶液,并将每个离心管内的体积补足至1050μL。对照组不加入催化剂溶液,并加入50μL乙腈。默认反应时间为1h。
定量分析按以下方法操作:
分别取40μL反应液溶于960μL乙腈中得若干待测样品,待测样品使用高效液相色谱法进行定量分析。以对应峰峰面积为定量标准,定义转化率为某底物于对照组中的对应峰峰面积与待测样品中对应峰峰面积的差值与对照组中对应峰峰面积的比值(误差±5%)。
另取产物纯品配制溶液以高效液相色谱法作峰面积-浓度工作曲线,以浓度比得产率(误差±5%)。表1是不同催化剂催化单元反应结果。
表1 催化剂催化单元反应
注:[a]催化剂溶剂为DMSO
实施例47
以催化剂二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐为例扩大反应当量
称取苯氟磺酸酯(1.7617g,10mmol)和叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯(2.0838g,10mmol)于100mL茄形瓶中,加入19mL无水乙腈溶解并混合均匀。另取二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐(26.1mg,0.1mmol)溶解于1mL乙腈中,快速加入常温搅拌下的上述混合液中,常温搅拌反应1h。
以高效液相色谱法监测反应完毕后,旋蒸除去乙腈,获得无色油状粗品。向粗品中加入50mL石油醚(沸程30℃-60℃),50mL水洗涤一次,之后使用50mL 0.5M碳酸钠溶液洗涤一次,最后使用25mL饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤一次,无水硫酸钠干燥。干燥后的有机相旋蒸除去石油醚,常温下使用油泵去除所有挥发性组分,得无色油状液体产物2.4396g,产率97.5%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD
3CN)δ7.56-7.47(m,4H),7.47-7.35(m,6H).
实施例48
4-甲基苯磺酰氟的制备
Scheme 62 4-甲基苯磺酰氟的制备
向1000mL单口瓶中加入水(231mL)和氟氢化钾(90.27g,1150mmol),溶解后加入4-甲基苯磺酰氯(95.32g,500mmol)溶于乙腈(220mL)的溶液,剧烈搅拌反应14 h。分出有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(300mL)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干得白色固体83.65g,产率96%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ7.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.41(d,2H),2.49(s,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl
3)δ147.19,130.29,130.12,129.88,128.42,21.80。
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl
3)δ65.74。
实施例49
O-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)4-肉桂苯酚的制备
Scheme 63 O-叔丁基二甲基硅基4-肉桂苯酚的制备
4-肉桂苯酚(21.2g,100mmol)和咪唑(8.85g,130mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(100mL)中,将叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(18.1g,120mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中随后以注射器加入之前溶液,搅拌反应过夜。碳酸氢钠溶液洗(2*50mL)次,饱和食盐水洗涤(2*50mL),旋去二氯甲烷,油泵60℃抽去副产物叔丁基二甲基硅醚,得无色液体32.6g,产率100%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ7.34-7.23(m,4H),7.23-7.07(m,3H),6.81-6.74(m,2H),1.70(d,J=1.8Hz,6H),1.03(d,J=1.9Hz,10H),0.24(d,J=1.8Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl
3)δ153.41,151.08,143.39,127.98,127.80,126.81,125.55,119.33,42.40,30.99,25.77,18.23,4.31。
实施例50
催化剂催化单元反应
Scheme 64 4-甲基苯磺酰氟和O-叔丁基二甲基硅基4-肉桂苯酚的SuFEx反应
实验步骤:按以下方法配制底物的(1:1)混合溶液(0.5M),4-甲基苯磺酰氟(2.6113g,15.0mmol)和O-叔丁基二甲基硅基4-肉桂苯酚(4.8982g,15.0mmol)溶于25mL无水乙腈,得30.1mL的底物溶液,密封保存于塑料瓶中。催化剂配成0.1M的乙腈溶液。对同一个催化剂的三个反应,各取1mL底物溶液置于1.5mL离心管中,分别加入10μL (0.2moL%),25μL(0.5moL%),50μL(1.0moL%)的催化剂溶液,并将每个离心管内的体积补足至1050μL。另取1mL底物溶液加50μL无水乙腈作为空白对照。将上述离心管置于摇床室温搅拌。1.5h后从每个反应液中取20μL加入980μL乙腈配成LC-MS分析液,LC-MS分析。以底物的光谱峰面积与空白反应对比得转化率(误差±5%)。另取产物纯品配制溶液LC-MS分析作峰面积-浓度工作曲线,以浓度比得产率(误差±5%)。表2是不同催化剂催化的催化结果。
表2 不同催化剂催化的催化结果。
注:[a]催化剂溶液溶剂为DMF,[b]催化剂溶液溶剂为DMSO。
实施例51
以催化剂二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐为例扩大反应当量
Scheme 65 放大合成磺酸酯
4-甲基苯磺酰氟(1.0647g,6.11mmol)和O-叔丁基二甲基硅基4-肉桂苯酚(1.9593g,6.11mmol)溶于12mL无水乙腈,搅拌下加入600μL二苯酚氢化四甲基 铵盐乙腈溶液(0.1M,1mol%),40分钟后TLC检测到原料消失。旋去乙腈,加入乙酸乙酯(30mL),用水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(2*50mL)洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,抽干溶剂得白色固体2.1949g,产率98.0%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ7.77-7.69(m,2H),7.50-7.43(m,2H),7.27(ddt,J=8.6,5.7,1.4Hz,2H),7.23-7.18(m,2H),7.16(tq,J=5.0,2.3,1.7Hz,3H),6.97-6.89(m,2H),2.41(s,3H),1.60(s,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d
6)δ150.17,149.89,147.36,146.13,132.20,130.65,128.59,128.56,126.83,126.18,121.90,42.74,30.72,21.62。
实施例52
双酚A氟代磺酸酯的合成
Scheme 66 双酚A氟磺酸酯的制备
在2升单颈圆底烧瓶中加入双酚A(114.9g,0.5mol)、二氯甲烷(DCM,1升)和三乙胺(Et
3N,174mL,1.25mol)。将该混合液在室温下搅拌10分钟。用水泵抽至微沸状态,然后插入充满硫酰氟气体的气球。室温下反应2-4小时,通过GC-MS和TLC检测。在反应完成后,旋蒸浓缩,将浓缩液用乙酸乙酯(1L)溶解,然后用1N HCl(2*500mL)和饱和食盐水(2*500mL)洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得到的固体在高真空下60℃干燥过夜,得到白的固体(197.1克,产率100%)。
熔点48-49℃。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):7.23-7.3(m,8H),1.68(s,6H)。
实施例53
二(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)双酚A的合成
Scheme 67 二(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)双酚A的制备
在2升单口烧瓶中加入双酚A(114.9g,0.5mol)和咪唑(88.4g,1.3mol)然后加入二氯甲烷(DCM,1升),在冰浴条件下滴加叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(181g,1.2mol)的二氯甲烷(300mL)溶液,30分钟滴加完毕后将反应液缓慢升到室温,并在室温下反应过夜。通过TLC或GC-MS检测反应,确认反应完全后,通过旋蒸除去二氯甲烷,加入1000毫升乙酸乙酯,用饱和碳酸氢钠(3*500mL)和饱和食盐水(2*500mL)洗涤,有机相用 无水硫酸钠干燥、旋干。得到的固体在高真空下70℃干燥24小时。得到白色固体(225.2克,产率98.5%)。
熔点78-80℃,
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl
3):7.03-7.05(d,2H),6.08-6.7(d,2H),1.6(s,6H),0.96(S,18H),0.17(S,12H)。
实施例54
双酚A聚硫酸酯的合成
Scheme 68 双酚A聚硫酸酯的合成
称取双酚A氟代磺酸酯(2.5mmol)和二(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)双酚A(2.5mmol),共2.123g于25mL单口瓶中,N
2保护下加热至外温130℃,加入催化剂(0.5M)。待反应体系固化后再加热1小时,反应结束后将TBSF抽走,然后取1-2mg聚合物溶解在1mL含有0.1%溴化锂的无水DMF中,进行GPC分析。表3是不同催化剂催化合成聚双酚A硫酸酯结果。
表3 不同催化剂催化合成聚双酚A硫酸酯
实施例55
放大合成双酚A聚硫酸酯
在500毫升三口烧瓶中加入双酚A氧磺酰氟(29.4293g)和叔丁基二甲基硅保护的双酚A(34.2608g),氮气保护下加热至120℃,然后加入催化剂二苯酚氢化四甲基铵盐 300ul(1M in CH
3CN),催化剂加入后反应立即开始有TBSF(叔丁基二甲基氟硅烷)产生,约10分钟反应固化,然后反应再加热反应1小时,反应结束后将TBSF蒸出收集,然后往体系中加入150毫升DMF,使固体全部溶解,然后缓慢倒入装有3L甲醇的烧杯中,得到纤维状双酚A(BPA)-聚硫酸酯,真空干燥,得到聚合物43g(产率98.7%),通过GPC分析。参照聚苯乙烯标样的Mn=172380,PDI=1.38。
实施例56
四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物作为催化剂
Scheme 74 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,加入四丁基铵酚盐二苯酚加合物溶液(25μL,0.1M的乙腈溶液)搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,原料消失,只生成目标产物,产率>95%。
对比实施例1
未添加催化剂
Scheme 69 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,没有反应。
对比实施例2
苯酚作为催化剂
Scheme 70 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,加入苯酚溶液(25μL,0.1M的乙腈溶液)搅拌1小时,通 过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,没有反应。
对比实施例3
苯酚钠作为催化剂
Scheme 71 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,加入苯酚钠溶液(25μL,0.1M的甲醇溶液)搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,没有反应。
对比实施例4
四丁基溴化铵作为催化剂
Scheme 72 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,加入四丁基溴化铵溶液(25μL,0.1M的乙腈溶液)搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,没有反应。
对比实施例5
四丁基氢氧化铵作为催化剂
Scheme 73 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5mL,1M的乙腈溶液)于4mL离心管中,加入四丁基氢氧化铵溶液(25μL,0.1M的甲醇-乙腈溶液(0.8M的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液稀用乙腈稀释成0.1M))搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,只生成少量产物(产率<10%)。
对比实施例6
四丁基氢氧化铵作为催化剂
Scheme 73 催化剂催化单元反应
苯酚氟磺酸酯1(0.5ml,1M的乙腈溶液)与叔丁基二甲基硅氧基苯2(0.5ml,1M的乙腈溶液)于4ml离心管中,加入四丁基氢氧化铵溶液(25ul,0.1M的乙腈溶液,)搅拌1小时,通过TLC和液相色谱跟踪,只生成少量产物(产率<10%)。
由上可见,在制备聚合物时,采用本发明的酚盐作为催化剂,进行SuFEx反应,仅使用极微量的溶剂用于溶解酚盐催化剂,在实际反应中,无需额外添加大量的溶剂来溶解底物;可在加热的条件下实现无溶剂催化聚合,这样反应后聚合物可以不需要额外的后处理,具有明显的优势。且使用本发明的酚盐催化剂,在大量反应时,无溶剂条件下,能够缓慢聚合,完全固化时间约10分钟,TBSF(沸点90℃)不是瞬间大量产生的;因此,较现有的催化剂,反应时更温和、更安全。
在单元反应时,若加入溶剂,在底物更好的溶解的情况下,本发明的酚盐催化剂,在室温下即可高效的催化SuFEx反应,生成磺酸酯或硫酸酯。
Claims (12)
- 一种酚盐在六价硫氟交换反应中作为催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的酚盐包括阳离子和阴离子;q为0、1、或2;X为N或P;R 1-1、R 1-2和R 1-3独立地为 或C 3~12的杂环烷基;所述的C 3~12的杂环烷基中,杂原子为N、O和S中的一种或多种,且至少含有一个N原子,杂原子数为1~3个,且其与所述的S +通过N原子相连;R 1-1-1、R 1-1-2、R 2-1、R 2-2、R 2-3和R 2-4独立地为氢或C 1-C 16烷基;独立地为未取代或被一个或多个R 4-1取代的C 6-C 10芳基、或、未取代或被一个或多个R 4-2取代的5~6元杂芳基;所述的5~6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;当存在多个R 4-1取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;当存在多个R 4-2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;R 4-1和R 4-2独立地为下列取代基:羟基、硝基、卤素、C 1-C 16烷基、C 1-C 16烷基-O-、卤代C 1-C 16烷基、或、卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-;Q 1为单键、或者,未取代或被一个或多个R 5-1取代的C 1-C 16亚烷基;当存在多个R 5- 1取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;R 5-1独立地为卤素、C 1-C 6烷基或C 3-C 6环烷基;或者,当存在多个R 5-1时,其中两个R 5-1与它们之间相连的碳原子共同形成C 3-C 12环烷基,其余的R 5-1独立地为卤素、C 1-C 6烷基或C 3-C 6环烷基。
- 如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的n为1或2;和/或,所述的m为0或1;和/或,所述的q为0或1;和/或,当所述的R 1-1、R 1-2或R 1-3为C 3~12的杂环烷基时,所述的C 3~12的杂环烷基为杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~2个的C 4~6的杂环烷基;和/或,当所述的R 1-1-1、R 1-1-2、R 2-1、R 2-2、R 2-3或R 2-4为C 1-C 16烷基时,所述的C 1-C 16烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正碳十六烷基;和/或,当所述的R 4-1或R 4-2为卤素、卤代C 1-C 16烷基、或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-时,所述的卤素或卤为氟、氯、溴或碘;和/或,当所述的R 4-1或R 4-2为C 1-C 16烷基、C 1-C 16烷基-O-、卤代C 1-C 16烷基或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-时,所述的C 1-C 16烷基为C 1-C 6烷基;和/或,当所述的Q 1为未取代或被一个或多个R 5-1取代的C 1-C 16亚烷基时,所述的C 1-C 16亚烷基为C 1-C 6亚烷基;和/或,当所述的R 5-1为C 1-C 6烷基时,所述的C 1-C 6烷基为C 1-C 4烷基;独立地为未取代或被一个或多个R 6-1取代的C 6-C 10芳基、或、未取代或被一个或多个R 6-2取代的5~6元杂芳基;所述的5~6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;当存在多个R 6-1取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;当存在多个R 6-2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;R 6-1和R 6-2独立地为羟基、硝基、卤素、C 1-C 16烷基、C 1-C 16烷基-O-、卤代C 1-C 16烷基、或、卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-;Q 2为单键、或者,未取代或被一个或多个R 5-2取代的C 1-C 16亚烷基;当存在多个R 5- 2取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;R 5-2独立地为卤素、C 1-C 6烷基或C 3-C 6环烷基;或者,当存在多个R 5-2时,其中两个R 5-2与它们之间相连的碳原子共同形成C 3-C 12环烷基,其余的R 5-2独立地为卤素、C 1-C 6烷基或C 3-C 6环烷基。
- 如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的阴离子中,当所述的R 1-1、R 1-2或R 1-3为C 3~12的杂环烷基、所述的C 3~12的杂环烷基为杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~2个的C 4~6的杂环烷基时,所述的C 4~6的杂环烷基为和/或,当所述的R 4-1或R 4-2为卤素、卤代C 1-C 16烷基、或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-时,所述的卤素或卤为氯;和/或,当所述的R 4-1或R 4-2为C 1-C 16烷基、C 1-C 16烷基-O-、卤代C 1-C 16烷基或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-、所述的C 1-C 16烷基为C 1-C 6烷基时,所述的C 1-C 6烷基为甲基或叔丁基;和/或,当所述的Q 1为未取代或被一个或多个R 5-1取代的C 1-C 16亚烷基、所述的C 1-C 16亚烷基为C 1-C 6亚烷基时,所述的C 1-C 6亚烷基为亚甲基或亚异丙基;和/或,当所述的R 5-1为C 1-C 6烷基、所述的C 1-C 6烷基为C 1-C 4烷基时,所述的C 1-C 4烷基为甲基;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的a为1或2;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的n为0或1;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的p为0或1;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物,所述的R 6-1或R 6-2为卤素、卤代C 1-C 16烷基、或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-时,所述的卤素或卤为氟、氯、溴或碘;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物,所述的R 6-1或R 6-2为C 1-C 16烷基、C 1-C 16烷基-O-、卤代C 1-C 16烷基或卤代C 1-C 16烷基-O-时,所述的C 1-C 16烷基为C 1-C 6烷基;所述的C 1-C 6烷基较佳地为甲基或叔丁基;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物,所述的Q 2为未取代或被一个或多个R 5-2取代的C 1-C 16亚烷基时,所述的C 1-C 16亚烷基为C 1-C 6亚烷基;所述的C 1-C 6亚烷基较佳地为亚甲基或亚异丙基;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物,所述的R 5-2为C 1-C 6烷基时,所述的C 1-C 6烷基为C 1-C 4烷基;所述的C 1-C 4烷基较佳地为甲基;和/或,当所述的酚盐还包括中性酚类化合物时,所述的中性酚类化合物的个数为一个或多个。
- 如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,其为方案一或方案二;方案一包括如下步骤,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在有溶剂状态或无溶剂状态下,加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液,进行单元反应;其中所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在不同的化合物上;所述六价硫氟基取代的个数可为一个或多个,当存在多个取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;所述硅基-O-取代的个数可为一个或多个,当存在多个取代时,所述的取代相同或不同;并且,所述六价硫氟基取代的个数和所述硅基-O-取代的个数不同时为多个;方案二包括如下步骤,所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在无溶剂状态下,加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液,进行聚合反应,其中,所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在不同的化合物上,所述六价硫氟基取代的个数为两个或两个以上;所述硅基-O-取代的个数为两个或两个以上;或者,所述六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-取代在同一个化合物上;和/或,所述的硅基-O-中,所述的硅基选自叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、三乙基甲硅基、三异丙基甲硅基、二甲基异丙基甲硅基、二乙基异丙基甲硅基、二甲基己基甲硅 基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅基、叔丁基二苯基甲硅基、三苄基甲硅基、三苯基甲硅基、和二苯基甲基甲硅基中的一种或多种;和/或,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中所述的-O-为酚羟基、或醇羟基。
- 如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的方案一中,所述的六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-的摩尔比为1:1;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述的六价硫氟基与所述的硅基-O-的摩尔比为1:1;和/或,所述的方案一中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比为0.1%-1%;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比为0.1%-1%;和/或,所述的方案一中,所述的有机溶剂为腈类溶剂、酰胺类溶剂,卤代烷类溶剂,醇类溶剂,酮类溶剂,亚砜类溶剂,和酯类溶剂中的一种或多种;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述的有机溶剂为腈类溶剂、酰胺类溶剂,卤代烷类溶剂,醇类溶剂,酮类溶剂,亚砜类溶剂,和酯类溶剂中的一种或多种;和/或,所述的方案一中,在所述的酚盐和所述的有机溶剂的溶液中,所述的酚盐的摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L-1mol/L;和/或,所述的所述的方案二中,在所述的酚盐和所述的有机溶剂的溶液中,所述的酚盐的摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L-1mol/L;和/或,所述的方案一中,当为有溶剂状态时,在加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液之前,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在“所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中还含有所述的有机溶剂”中的摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L-1mol/L;和/或,所述的方案一中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度为0℃~300℃;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度为0℃~300℃;
- 如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的方案一或所述的方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为腈类溶剂时,所述的腈类溶剂为乙腈;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为酰胺类溶剂时,所述的酰胺类溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为卤代烷类溶剂时,所述的卤代烷类溶剂为二氯甲烷;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为醇类溶剂时,所述的醇类溶剂为甲醇;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为酮类溶剂时,所述的酮类溶剂为丙酮;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为亚砜类溶剂时,所述的亚砜类溶剂为二甲基亚砜;和/或,所述的方案一或方案二中,当所述的有机溶剂为酯类溶剂时,所述的酯类溶剂为乙酸乙酯;和/或,所述的方案一中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比为0.2%~0.5%;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述的酚盐与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物的摩尔百分比为0.15%~0.4%;和/或,所述的方案一或所述的方案二中,在所述的酚盐和有机溶剂的溶液中,所述的酚盐的摩尔体积比为0.5mol/L-1mol/L;和/或,所述的方案一中,当为有溶剂状态时,在加入所述的酚盐与有机溶剂形成的溶液之前,所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物在“所述的六价硫氟基取代的化合物与所述的硅基-O-取代的化合物中还含有所述的有机溶剂”中的摩尔浓度为0.5mol/L;和/或,所述的方案一中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度为10℃~130℃;和/或,所述的方案二中,所述六价硫氟交换反应的温度为120℃~130℃。
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