WO2020111900A1 - Pâte conductrice pour électrode de cellule solaire et cellule solaire fabriquée à l'aide de celle-ci - Google Patents
Pâte conductrice pour électrode de cellule solaire et cellule solaire fabriquée à l'aide de celle-ci Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020111900A1 WO2020111900A1 PCT/KR2019/016804 KR2019016804W WO2020111900A1 WO 2020111900 A1 WO2020111900 A1 WO 2020111900A1 KR 2019016804 W KR2019016804 W KR 2019016804W WO 2020111900 A1 WO2020111900 A1 WO 2020111900A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- glass frit
- conductive paste
- coated
- electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
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- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02167—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon carbide not containing oxygen, e.g. SiC, SiC:H or silicon carbonitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive paste used for forming an electrode of a solar cell and a solar cell manufactured using the conductive paste.
- a solar cell is a semiconductor device that converts solar energy into electrical energy, and generally has a p-n junction type, and its basic structure is the same as that of a diode.
- the solar cell device is generally constructed using a p-type silicon semiconductor substrate having a thickness of 180 to 250 ⁇ m.
- an n-type impurity layer having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.6 ⁇ m, an antireflection film and a front electrode are formed thereon.
- a back electrode is formed on the back side of the p-type silicon semiconductor substrate.
- the front electrode is coated with a conductive paste containing silver-based conductive powder (silver powder), glass frit, organic vehicle, and additives on an anti-reflection film, followed by firing to form an electrode.
- the back electrode is formed by applying an aluminum paste composition composed of aluminum powder, glass frit, organic vehicle and additives by screen printing and drying, followed by baking at a temperature of 660° C. (melting point of aluminum) or higher.
- aluminum diffuses into the p-type silicon semiconductor substrate, whereby an Al-Si alloy layer is formed between the back electrode and the p-type silicon semiconductor substrate, and at the same time, a p+ layer is formed as an impurity layer by diffusion of aluminum atoms. do.
- the presence of the p+ layer prevents recombination of electrons and obtains a back surface field (BSF) effect that improves the collection efficiency of the resulting carrier.
- a rear silver electrode may be further positioned under the rear aluminum electrode.
- the glass frit etched the anti-reflection layer (SiNx) coated on the surface of the silicon wafer (Si-wafer) so that the n-layer of the wafer and Ag of the front electrode form an ohmic contact, thereby making the solar cell It is essential for Ag/Si contact of silicon solar cells because it serves to secure reliability by forming circuits, increasing efficiency, and increasing adhesion.
- the etching of the antireflection film was controlled by adjusting the component system, particle size, or content of the glass frit, but many problems were caused in the dispersion of the glass frit.
- the thickness of the glass layer is not uniform, so that the n layer is damaged in the thick region, and the penetration of silver powder decreases in the thin region, resulting in a decrease in current or an increase in resistance.
- Patent Document 1 U.S. Patent Registration 8,748,327 B1 (2014.06.10.)
- Patent Document 2 WO Publication Patent 2013/105812 A1 (2013.07.18.)
- Patent Document 3 US Patent Publication 2011-0094578 A1 (2011.04.28.)
- the present invention aims to improve the power generation efficiency of a solar cell by improving the electrical properties of the solar cell electrode formed by coating the surface of the glass frit in the composition of the conductive paste for solar cell electrodes to improve dispersibility. .
- the present invention provides a conductive paste for a solar cell electrode comprising a metal powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the surface of the glass frit is coated with fatty amine and fatty acid.
- the glass frit is characterized in that the primary coating with the fatty amine or fatty acid, the secondary coating with the fatty amine or fatty acid.
- the glass frit is characterized by using a glass frit primary coated with fatty amine and secondary coated with fatty amine or fatty acid.
- the glass frit is characterized by using a glass frit primary coated with fatty amines and secondary coated with fatty acids.
- the fatty amine is characterized in that it comprises an alkylamine-based material having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- alkylamine-based material is triethylamine, heptylamine, octadecylamine, hexadecylamine, hexadecylamine, decylamine, octylamine, didecylamine ( Didecylamine) and trioctylamine (Trioctylamine).
- the fatty acid is characterized in that it contains at least one selected from lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and acetic acid. .
- the glass frit is characterized by being coated with an organic solvent or an aqueous solution in which fatty amines or fatty acids having a concentration of 0.1 to 0.3% are dissolved.
- the present invention in the solar cell having a front electrode on the top of the substrate, and a back electrode on the bottom of the substrate, the front electrode, the solar cell electrode is prepared by drying and firing after applying the conductive paste It provides a solar cell.
- the conductive paste according to the present invention may include a glass frit coated with a fatty amine and a fatty acid to improve dispersibility, and uniform application of the glass frit during electrode formation may be possible. Accordingly, the reactivity at the time of firing is excellent, and particularly, the damage of the n layer can be minimized at a high temperature, the adhesion is improved, and the open voltage can be excellent. In addition, it is possible to easily and uniformly penetrate metal powder (eg, silver powder) during firing, thereby reducing the contact resistance between the electrode and the n layer. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the solar cell electrode can be improved, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.
- metal powder eg, silver powder
- 1 to 3 are images taken immediately after stirring after putting the coated glass frit and the uncoated glass frit in water according to the manufacturing example, and after leaving for 60 minutes and 24 hours.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of thermogravimetric analysis on the surface coated glass frits and the uncoated glass frits prepared according to the manufacturing example.
- Figure 6 shows the results of measuring the adhesion between the ribbon and the solar cell electrode manufactured using a conductive paste prepared according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the terms comprise, comprises, comprising means referring to an article, step or group of articles, and steps, and any other article It is not meant to exclude a step or group of things or a group of steps.
- the paste according to an embodiment of the present invention is a paste suitable for use in forming a solar cell electrode, and provides a conductive paste comprising a glass frit coated with fatty amine and fatty acid. More specifically, the conductive paste according to the present invention comprises a metal powder, glass frit, organic vehicle and other additives.
- metal powder silver powder, copper powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, etc. may be used.
- silver powder is mainly used, and for the back electrode, aluminum powder is mainly used.
- metal powder one of the above-described powders may be used alone, an alloy of the above-mentioned metals may be used, or a mixed powder in which at least two of the above-mentioned powders are mixed.
- the content of the metal powder is preferably 40 to 95% by weight based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition, considering the electrode thickness formed during printing and the line resistance of the electrode. If it is less than 40% by weight, the specific resistance of the formed electrode may be high, and if it is more than 95% by weight, the content of other components is not sufficient, and thus there is a problem that the metal powder is not uniformly dispersed. More preferably, it is preferably included in 70 to 90% by weight.
- silver powder is preferably a silver powder, in addition, a silver-coated composite powder composed of a silver layer or an alloy containing silver as a main component. (alloy) and the like. Further, other metal powders may be mixed and used. Examples include aluminum, gold, palladium, copper, and nickel.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the metal powder may be 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, and 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m is preferable in consideration of easiness of pasting and density during firing, and its shape is at least 1 of spherical, acicular, plate-like, and amorphous. It may be more than a species.
- the metal powder may be used by mixing two or more kinds of powders having different average particle diameters, particle size distributions, and shapes.
- the glass frit may be coated with fatty amine and fatty acid to improve dispersibility. More specifically, the glass frit may be a primary coating of the fatty amine or fatty acid, and a secondary coating of the fatty acid or fatty acid.
- the fatty amine includes an alkylamine-based material having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. More preferably, the surface of the glass frit may be coated with an alkylamine-based material having 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkylamine-based material is triethylamine, heptylamine, octadecylamine, hexadecylamine, hexadecylamine, decylamine, octylamine, dideamine It may include at least one selected from diamine (Didecylamine) and trioctylamine (Trioctylamine).
- the fatty acid may include at least one selected from lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and acetic acid.
- the surface of the glass frit is coated with a thickness of 0.5 nm to 50 nm.
- the coating of the fatty amine may be carried out by adding a glass frit into an organic solvent or aqueous solution (coating agent) in which the fatty amine is dissolved, followed by stirring for a certain period of time, followed by filtration.
- the thickness of the coating layer formed by the coating process of the fatty amine is less than 0.5 nm, the effect of improving the dispersibility of the glass frit is reduced, and when the thickness of the coating layer is greater than 50 nm, the electricality of the electrode of the solar cell formed of a conductive paste containing it Characteristics may deteriorate.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be adjusted through the content of fatty amines used in the coating process. For example, the concentration of the coating agent may be prepared in a range of 0.1 to 0.3% to control the thickness of the coating layer.
- the surface of the glass frit is coated with a thickness of 0.5nm to 50nm.
- the coating of the fatty acid may be carried out by adding a glass frit into an organic solvent or an aqueous solution (coating agent) in which the fatty acid is dissolved, followed by stirring for a certain period of time, followed by filtration.
- the thickness of the coating layer formed by the coating treatment of the fatty acid is less than 0.5 nm, the effect of improving the dispersibility of the glass frit is reduced, and when the thickness of the coating layer is greater than 50 nm, the electrical properties of the electrode of the solar cell formed of a conductive paste containing it This can degrade.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be adjusted through the content of fatty acids used in the coating process. For example, the concentration of the coating agent may be prepared in a range of 0.1 to 0.3% to control the thickness of the coating layer.
- the glass frit is primarily coated with fatty amine, and it is preferable to use a glass frit secondary coated with fatty amine or fatty acid.
- fatty amines When primary coating is performed using fatty amines, the dispersibility is improved to reduce the reaching phenomenon and the power generation efficiency of the solar cell increases by increasing the short-circuit current and open voltage.
- a glass frit coated first with fatty amine and second coated with fatty acid More preferably, it is preferable to use a glass frit coated first with fatty amine and second coated with fatty acid.
- the fatty acid is secondarily coated and coated on the outermost side, the coated content increases, and when coated, it has hydrophilicity and maintains dispersibility. Double coating with fatty amines and fatty acids can provide the best adhesion.
- the composition, particle size and shape of the glass frit are not particularly limited. Leaded glass frits as well as leaded glass frits can be used. Preferably as a component and content of the glass frit, PbO is 5 to 29 mol%, TeO 2 is 20 to 34 mol%, Bi 2 O 3 is 3 to 20 mol%, SiO 2 20 mol% or less based on oxide conversion, B 2 O 3 10 mol% or less, alkali metals (Li, Na, K, etc.) and alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg, etc.) preferably contain 10 to 20 mol%.
- the combination of the organic content of each component prevents an increase in the line width of the electrode, can improve contact resistance at high surface resistance, and can provide excellent short-circuit current characteristics.
- the average particle size of the glass frit is not limited, but may have a particle size within the range of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, and may be used by mixing multi-paper particles having different average particle sizes.
- at least one glass frit having an average particle diameter (D50) of 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- the content of the glass frit is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition, and if it is less than 1% by weight, there is a possibility that the electrical resistivity is increased due to incomplete firing, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, glass in the fired body of the metal powder There is a concern that the electrical resistivity also increases due to too many components.
- the surface of the glass frit is coated with fatty amines and fatty acids, dispersibility is improved, and when the electrode is formed, uniform application of the glass frit may be possible.
- the reactivity at the time of firing is excellent, in particular, the damage of the n layer can be minimized at high temperature, the adhesion is improved, and the open voltage (Voc) can be excellent.
- the metal powder eg, silver powder
- Providing such an effect may provide an additional effect that makes it easier to control the composition, particle size, or shape of the glass frit.
- the organic vehicle is not limited, but may include an organic binder and a solvent. Sometimes solvents can be omitted.
- the organic vehicle is not limited, but is preferably 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.
- the organic vehicle is required to maintain a uniform mixture of metal powder and glass frit, for example, when the conductive paste is applied to the substrate by screen printing, the conductive paste is homogenized, and the printed pattern is blurred. And properties that suppress flow and further improve the dischargeability and plate separation properties of the conductive paste from the screen plate.
- the organic binder contained in the organic vehicle is not limited, but examples of the cellulose ester-based compound include cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butylate, and cellulose ether compounds include ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxy flopil cellulose, and hydroxy ethyl Examples include cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, and hydroxy ethyl methyl cellulose.
- examples of the acrylic compound include poly acrylamide, poly methacrylate, poly methyl methacrylate, and poly ethyl methacrylate.
- Vinyl-based examples include polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol.
- the organic binders may be selected and used at least one.
- Solvents used for dilution of the composition include alpha-terpineol, texanol, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexane, hexane, toluene, benzyl alcohol, dioxane, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene It is preferable to use at least one selected from compounds consisting of glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.
- the conductive paste composition according to the present invention may further include additives commonly known as necessary, for example, dispersants, plasticizers, viscosity modifiers, surfactants, oxidizing agents, metal oxides, metal organic compounds, and the like.
- the above-described conductive paste composition for a solar cell electrode may be prepared by mixing and dispersing a metal powder, a coated glass frit, an organic vehicle and additives, and then filtering and defoaming.
- the present invention also provides a method for forming an electrode of a solar cell, characterized in that the conductive paste is applied onto a substrate, dried and fired, and a solar cell electrode produced by the method. Except for using a conductive paste containing a glass frit coated as described above in the method of forming a solar cell electrode of the present invention, substrates, printing, drying and firing can be used methods commonly used in the manufacture of solar cells. Yes, of course.
- the substrate may be a silicon wafer.
- a unit solar cell including a solar cell electrode formed as described above has a small electromotive force, so a plurality of unit solar cell cells are connected to form and use a solar cell module (Photovoltaic Module) having an appropriate electromotive force.
- each unit solar cell is connected by conductor ribbons of a certain length coated with lead.
- the conductive paste according to the present invention includes structures such as crystalline solar cells (P-type, N-type), PESC (Passivated Emitter Solar Cell), PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), and PERL (Passivated Emitter Real Locally Diffused), and It can be applied to all of the changed printing processes such as double printing and dual printing.
- structures such as crystalline solar cells (P-type, N-type), PESC (Passivated Emitter Solar Cell), PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), and PERL (Passivated Emitter Real Locally Diffused), and It can be applied to all of the changed printing processes such as double printing and dual printing.
- Preparation Example 1 a glass frit coated with stearic acid was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that stearic acid was dissolved in ethanol to prepare an organic solution having a concentration of 0.3%.
- coated glass frit, an organic binder, a solvent and a dispersant are added and dispersed using a mixing mixer, and then silver powder (spherical, average particle diameter 1 ⁇ m) The mixture was also dispersed using a sambon mill. Then, degassing under reduced pressure was carried out to prepare a conductive paste.
- Examples 1 to 6 used the glass frit obtained according to Preparation Examples 1 to 6, respectively, and Comparative Example 1 used a glass frit of Pb-Te-Bi type not coated.
- Example 2 Example 3
- Example 4 Example 5
- Example 6 Comparative Example 1
- FIG. 4 shows the results of thermogravimetric analysis on the surface coated glass frits and the uncoated glass frits prepared according to Preparation Examples 1 to 6, and FIG. 5 shows a photographed image after performing thermogravimetric analysis.
- FIG. 4 it is confirmed that the weight reduction width is increased according to the content (concentration) of the coating agent, and it can be seen that the coating is uniform.
- the secondary coating with fatty acids Production Examples 4 and 6
- black xanthan occurred on the glass surface as the coating content increased, which means that the coating was well performed.
- a conductor ribbon was attached to the electrodes of each cell through a tabbing process.
- the ribbon used was a product of 60Sn40Pb (kosbon), and was attached at 350°C using an ironing machine. Thereafter, the adhesion between the solar cell electrode and the ribbon was measured.
- the adhesive force measuring device is LS1 (Lloyd), and the adhesive force was measured at a speed of 250 mm/min in the 180 degree direction. 6 shows a result of measuring adhesion between a solar cell electrode and a ribbon manufactured using a conductive paste prepared according to Examples and Comparative Examples. Referring to FIG.
- Preparation Examples 1, 3, and 4 coated with fatty amines have improved dispersibility and uniform adhesion
- Preparation Examples 2, 5, and 6 coated with fatty acids are powdered. It can be seen that the acidity is lowered and the adhesion is uneven.
- the adhesion is determined according to the primary coating type, and it can be seen that the adhesion is best when the primary coating with fatty amine and secondary coating with fatty acid (Production Example 4).
- the conductive pastes prepared according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 were pattern printed on the front surface of the wafer by a screen printing technique of 40 ⁇ m mesh, and using a belt-type drying furnace at 200 to 350° C. for 20 to 30 seconds. It was dried. After that, Al paste was printed on the back side of the wafer and dried in the same way. Cells formed in the above process were calcined for 20 to 30 seconds between 500 and 900°C using a belt-type calcination furnace to produce a solar cell.
- the manufactured cell uses solar cell efficiency measurement equipment (Halm, cetisPV-Celltest 3), short circuit current (Isc), open voltage (Voc), conversion efficiency (Eff), curve factor (FF), series resistance ( Rs) and line resistance (Rline) are measured and are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 10.0872 0.6631 22.238 80.516 0.00073 832 26.8 27.0
- Example 1 10.1058 0.6641 22.311 80.551 0.00078 389 27.2 27.8
- Example 2 10.0839 0.6629 22.230 80.546 0.00075 393 26.7 28.5
- Example 3 10.1077 0.6639 22.297 80.583 0.00076 555 27.4 28.4
- Example 4 10.1097 0.6647 22.323 80.582 0.00077 606 27.8 28.1
- Example 5 10.0859 0.6631 22.250 80.576 0.00080 592 26.8 28.7
- Example 6 10.0939 0.6629 22.229 80.458 0.00079 775 27.3 27.8
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne une pâte conductrice pour une électrode de cellule solaire, la pâte conductrice comprenant une poudre métallique, une fritte de verre, et un véhicule organique, la surface de la fritte de verre étant revêtue d'une amine aliphatique et d'un acide gras, et ainsi la présente invention améliore la dispersabilité de façon à améliorer la propriété électrique d'une électrode de cellule solaire formée à l'aide de celle-ci, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de génération d'énergie d'une cellule solaire.
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CN116031013A (zh) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-28 | 广州市儒兴科技股份有限公司 | 一种双面perc电池背面铝浆用有机载体及铝浆和制备方法 |
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WO2024050766A1 (fr) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-14 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | Poudre de verre modifiée, procédé de préparation et pâte d'argent |
CN116031013A (zh) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-28 | 广州市儒兴科技股份有限公司 | 一种双面perc电池背面铝浆用有机载体及铝浆和制备方法 |
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