WO2020108388A1 - 基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法 - Google Patents
基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- the invention relates to a method and a device for generating a non-Rayleigh speckle field, in particular to an associated imaging spectral camera and imaging method based on the non-Rayleigh speckle field.
- the speckle pattern between light and dark can be observed in the transmission or reflection direction, and the speckle is generated by the spatial coherence of the scattered wavelets of the scattering particles.
- the essence of speckle formation is a wave phenomenon. It has been observed that various waves of different properties can produce speckle, including ultrasonic waves, microwaves, light waves, x-rays and matter waves. If the surface fluctuation of the scattering medium is greater than the wavelength of the incident light, the speckle field shows a general statistical characteristic, called Rayleigh statistics. At this time, the amplitude of the speckle field follows the Rayleigh distribution, and the intensity follows the negative exponential distribution.
- Non-Rayleigh speckle field has a wide range of potential applications in structural illumination imaging, such as dynamic speckle illumination microscope, super-resolution imaging, etc.
- Super Rayleigh speckle field has high contrast and strong anti-noise ability, which makes it have important application value in the field of speckle imaging.
- speckle imaging as a pseudo-heat source
- high contrast Super Rayleigh speckle field It can improve the image quality of high-order correlation imaging.
- Random grating-based compressed sensing wide-band hyperspectral imaging system (patent number: ZL201410348475.X) proposed by Han Shensheng research group of Shanghai Institute of Optomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences can obtain wide-band spectral image information in a single exposure.
- the system uses Rayleigh speckle field, so it is impossible to obtain high-quality reconstructed images with low signal-to-noise ratio.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and propose a correlation imaging spectral camera and imaging method based on non-Rayleigh speckle field.
- the non-Rayleigh speckle field can be obtained at any distance behind the spatial light modulator.
- the use of super Rayleigh speckle field can High-quality reconstructed images are obtained at low signal-to-noise ratio.
- a correlation imaging spectroscopic camera based on non-Rayleigh speckle field including a front imaging mirror, a beam splitter, a band-pass filter, a monitoring detector, and a computer, which is characterized in that it also includes a polarizer, a beam splitter, and a space
- An optical modulator and an area array detector, the polarizer, the beam splitter and the spatial light modulator are sequentially located behind the imaging surface of the front imaging mirror, the computer and the monitoring detector, respectively
- the spatial light modulator is connected to the area array detector;
- the incident light passes through the pre-imaging mirror and beam splitter in turn and is divided into transmitted light and reflected light. Along the direction of the reflected light is a monitoring detector.
- the transmitted light passes through the band-pass filter, polarizer and beam splitting in sequence
- the beam splitter is incident on the spatial light modulator. After being modulated by the spatial light modulator, it returns to the beam splitter along the original optical path. After being reflected by the beam splitter, it is incident on the area array detector.
- the spatial light modulator is used as a pure phase modulator. By loading the spatial light modulator with differently distributed phase maps, speckle fields with different distribution characteristics are generated.
- the spatial light modulator can also be replaced with other phase modulation plates designed in advance according to the required phase distribution.
- Step 1 Use computer simulation to generate the Rayleigh speckle field E Ray by passing the plane wave through a random phase modulator with a phase uniformly distributed in (0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ );
- the speckle field E' is the super- Rayleigh speckle field E super-Ray .
- the non-Rayleigh speckle field E' is the Yarely speckle field E sub-Ray ;
- Step 5 Adjust the incident quasi-monochromatic light, front imaging mirror, beam splitter, band-pass filter, polarizer, beam splitter, spatial light modulator, monitoring detector, area array detector coaxial, through repeated Adjust so that the distance between the beam splitter and the area array detector is z 1 , and the distance between the beam splitter and the spatial light modulator is z 2 ;
- Step 6 Load the pre-stored phase distribution diagram ⁇ of the non-Rayleigh speckle field onto the spatial light modulator through the computer;
- Step 7 Through the calibration process, use the area array detector to separately record the light intensity transfer function of the entire system after applying the non-Rayleigh speckle field, that is, the measurement matrix A of the system, which is stored on the computer;
- Step 8 Place the object to be measured in the field of view of the system and adjust the object distance of the front imaging mirror so that the object to be measured is imaged on the image surface of the front imaging mirror;
- Step 9 The area array detector is exposed once to obtain the detection light intensity signal Y, which is stored on the computer;
- Step 10 According to the measurement matrix A and the light intensity signal Y, the image restoration algorithm is used to reconstruct a reconstructed image based on different speckle fields.
- the invention utilizes the reversible characteristics of the optical path, and can generate a non-Rayleigh speckle field at any position of the spatial light modulator without a lens, so that the system structure is simple and the application range is wide.
- the invention can be applied in correlation imaging, combining it with a correlation imaging spectral camera system based on compressed sensing, and replacing the traditional Rayleigh speckle field with super Rayleigh speckle field, which can achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. Quality reconstructed image.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a correlation imaging spectrum camera based on non-Rayleigh speckle field of the present invention. In the figure:
- 1 front imaging mirror
- 2 beam splitter
- 3 band-pass filter
- 4 monitoring detector
- 5 polarizer
- 5 beam splitter
- 7 spatial light modulator
- 8 area array detector
- 9 computer.
- the associated imaging spectrum camera based on non-Rayleigh speckle field of the present invention will be further described below with reference to FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 1: including a front imaging mirror 1, a beam splitter 2, a band-pass filter 3, and monitoring detection
- the device 4 and the computer 9 are characterized by further comprising a polarizer 5, a beam splitter 6, a spatial light modulator 7 and an area array detector 8, the polarizer 5, the beam splitter 6 and the spatial light modulator 7
- the computer 9 is respectively connected to the monitoring detector 4, the spatial light modulator 7 and the area array detector 8;
- the incident light passes through the pre-imaging mirror 1 and the beam splitter 2 in order and is divided into transmitted light and reflected light. Along the direction of the reflected light is the monitor detector 4.
- the transmitted light passes through the band-pass filter 3 and the polarization in turn
- the beam splitter 5 and the beam splitter 6 are incident on the spatial light modulator 7, and after being modulated by the spatial light modulator 7, return to the beam splitter 6 along the original optical path. After being reflected by the beam splitter 6, the beam splitter 6 is incident on the spatial beam modulator 6. ⁇ detector 8.
- This embodiment is based on a non-Rayleigh speckle field-associated imaging spectroscopic camera and its imaging method, which can mainly produce a super-Rayleigh speckle field and a Rayleigh speckle field, and secondly, by replacing the phase distribution loaded on the spatial light modulator Figure, can also generate Rayleigh speckle field.
- Step 1 Use computer simulation to generate the Rayleigh speckle field E Ray by passing the plane wave through a random phase modulator with a phase uniformly distributed in (0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ );
- the speckle field E' is the super- Rayleigh speckle field E super-Ray .
- the non-Rayleigh speckle field E' is the sub-Ray speckle field E sub-Ray ;
- Step 5 Adjust the incident quasi-monochromatic light, front imaging mirror 1, beam splitter 2, band-pass filter 3, polarizer 5, beam splitter 6, spatial light modulator 7, monitoring detector 4, area array
- the detector 8 is coaxial, and by repeated adjustment, the distance between the beam splitter 6 and the area array detector 8 is z 1 , and the distance between the beam splitter 6 and the spatial light modulator 7 is z 2 ;
- Step 6 Load the pre-stored phase distribution diagram ⁇ of the non-Rayleigh speckle field onto the spatial light modulator 7 through the computer 9;
- Step 7 Through the calibration process, the area array detector is used to separately record the light intensity transfer function of the entire system after applying the non-Rayleigh speckle field, that is, the measurement matrix A of the system, which is stored on the computer 9;
- Step 8 Place the object a to be measured in the field of view of the system, adjust the object distance of the front imaging mirror 1 so that the object a to be measured is imaged on the image surface b of the front imaging mirror;
- Step 9 The area array detector 8 is exposed once to obtain the detection light intensity signal Y, which is stored on the computer 9;
- Step 10 According to the measurement matrix A and the light intensity signal Y, the image restoration algorithm is used to reconstruct a reconstructed image based on different speckle fields.
- the present invention is a non-Rayleigh speckle field-based correlation imaging spectroscopic camera and imaging method thereof, utilizing the reversible characteristics of the optical path, in the absence of a lens, it can be any distance behind the spatial light modulator A non-Rayleigh speckle field occurs.
- Combining this method with a system based on compressed sensing-related imaging spectrum camera not only has the advantages of the original system, but also uses the super Rayleigh speckle field for imaging, which can improve the reconstructed image under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio. Quality and resolution.
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Abstract
基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法，装置包括前置成像镜(1)、分束器(2)、带通滤波片(3)、监视探测器(4)、偏振器(5)、分束器(6)、空间光调制器(7)、面阵探测器(8)和计算机(9)。利用光路可逆的特性，能够在无透镜的条件下生成非瑞利散斑场，并将其应用到基于压缩感知的关联成像光谱相机中，其中利用超瑞利散斑场进行成像能够在低信噪比条件下提高重构图像的质量和分辨率。
Description
本发明涉及生成非瑞利散斑场的方法和装置，特别是一种基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法。
当采用相干光照射到散射介质时，在透射或者反射方向能够观察到明暗相间的散斑图案，散斑的产生是由散射微粒的散射子波空间相干形成的。散斑形成的本质是一种波动现象，现已经观察到不同性质的各种波都能产生散斑，包括超声波、微波、光波、x射线和物质波。若散射介质的表面起伏大于入射光的波长，散斑场显示出通用的统计特性，称为瑞利统计，此时散斑场的幅度遵从瑞利分布，强度遵从负指数分布。这种类型的统计在以下相当一般的条件下非常常见：(i)散斑场是由大量具有独立变化的幅度和相位的分波相加而成；(ii)相位值和幅度值无关；(iii)相位均匀地分布在2π的范围内。
然而对于许多基础研究和应用领域需要调控散斑场的统计分布和光强分布，这些散斑场的光强统计分布总是偏离瑞利统计分布，即非瑞利散斑场。根据散斑场对比度的大小，将非瑞利散斑场分为超瑞利散斑场(对比度大于1)和亚瑞利散斑场(对比度小于1)。美国耶鲁大学的Bromberg和Cao采用定制的强度统计产生具有增强或减弱对比度的散斑图案，即非瑞利散斑场。非瑞利散斑场在结构照明成像中具有广泛的潜 在应用，例如动态散斑照明显微镜，超分辨成像等。其中超瑞利散斑场具有高对比度和强抗噪能力，使得其在散斑成像领域具有重要的应用价值，例如在作为赝热光源的散斑成像中，高对比度的超瑞利散斑场可以提高高阶关联成像的图像质量。
中科院上海光机所的韩申生研究组提出的基于随机光栅的压缩感知宽波段高光谱成像系统(专利号：ZL201410348475.X)能够单次曝光获得宽波段光谱图像信息。然而，该系统采用瑞利散斑场，因此无法在低信噪比下获得高质量的重构图像。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提出一种基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法。利用光路可逆的特性，在无透镜的条件下，可以在空间光调制器后任意距离处得到非瑞利的散斑场，结合硬件成像系统及重构算法，其中利用超瑞利散斑场可以在低信噪比下得到高质量的重构图像。
本发明的技术解决方案如下：
一种基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机，包括前置成像镜、分束器、带通滤波片、监视探测器和计算机，其特点在于，还包括偏振器、分束器、空间光调制器和面阵探测器，所述的偏振器、分束器和空间光调制器依次位于所述的前置成像镜的成像面后，所述的计算机分别与所述的监视探测器、空间光调制器和面阵探测器相连；
入射光依次经所述的前置成像镜和分束镜后分为透射光和反射光， 沿反射光方向是监视探测器，透射光依次通过所述的带通滤波片、偏振器和分束器后入射到空间光调制器，经空间光调制器调制后沿原光路返回入射到所述的分束器，经该分束器反射后，入射到所述的面阵探测器。
所述的空间光调制器作为纯相位调制器，通过在空间光调制器上加载不同分布的相位图，从而产生不同分布特性的散斑场。
所述的空间光调制器也可以替换为预先根据所需的相位分布而设计的其他相位调制板。
利用上述基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机的成像方法，其特点在于：该成像方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、利用计算机仿真通过将平面波经过相位均匀分布在(0～2π)的随机相位调制器，生成瑞利散斑场E
Ray；
步骤二、对瑞利散斑场E
Ray进行指数运算得到非瑞利散斑场E'，即E′＝(E
Ray)
n，其中当n＞1,n∈N
*时，非瑞利散斑场E'为超瑞利散斑场E
super-Ray，当0＜n＜1时，非瑞利散斑场E'为亚瑞利散斑场E
sub-Ray；
步骤三、通过光场传播算法，将非瑞利散斑场从散斑探测面逆传播距离z得到空间光调制器的光场分布E″，其中z＝z
1+z
2，z
1为分束器和面阵探测器的间距，z
2为分束器和空间光调制器的间距；
步骤四、取光场分布E″的相位Φ＝phase(E″)，从而生成用于加载在空间光调制器上的相位分布图，并存储于计算机上；
步骤五、调节入射的准单色光、前置成像镜、分束器、带通滤波片、偏振器、分束器、空间光调制器、监视探测器、面阵探测器同轴，通过反复调节，使分束器和面阵探测器的间距为z
1，分束器和空间光调制器 的间距为z
2；
步骤六、通过计算机将预先存储的非瑞利散斑场的相位分布图Φ加载到空间光调制器上；
步骤七、通过标定过程，利用面阵探测器分别记录应用非瑞利散斑场后整个系统的光强传递函数，即系统的测量矩阵A，存储在计算机上；
步骤八、将待测物体放置在系统视场内，调节前置成像镜的物距，使得待测物体成像于前置成像镜的像面上；
步骤九、面阵探测器曝光一次，获得探测光强信号Y，存储在计算机上；
步骤十、根据测量矩阵A和光强信号Y，通过图像恢复算法重构得到基于不同散斑场下的重构图像。
与现有技术相比本发明的技术效果如下：
本发明利用光路可逆的特性，可以在无透镜的情况下，在空间光调制器的任意位置处产生非瑞利散斑场，使得系统结构简单，应用范围广。
本发明可以应用在关联成像中，将其与基于压缩感知的关联成像光谱相机系统相结合，将传统的瑞利散斑场用超瑞利散斑场替代，能够在低信噪比下得到高质量的重构图像。
图1是本发明基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机的结构示意图，图中：
1：前置成像镜，2：分束器，3：带通滤波片；4：监视探测器，5：偏振器，5：分束器，7：空间光调制器，8：面阵探测器，9：计算机。
下面结合图1对本发明的基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机作进一步的说明，如图1所示：包括前置成像镜1、分束器2、带通滤波片3、监视探测器4和计算机9，其特点在于，还包括偏振器5、分束器6、空间光调制器7和面阵探测器8，所述的偏振器5、分束器6和空间光调制器7依次位于所述的前置成像镜1的成像面b后，所述的计算机9分别与所述的监视探测器4、空间光调制器7和面阵探测器8相连；
入射光依次经所述的前置成像镜1和分束镜2后分为透射光和反射光，沿反射光方向是监视探测器4，透射光依次通过所述的带通滤波片3、偏振器5和分束器6后入射到空间光调制器7，经空间光调制器7调制后沿原光路返回入射到所述的分束器6，经该分束器6反射后，入射到所述的面阵探测器8。
本实施例基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及其成像方法，主要可以产生超瑞利散斑场和亚瑞利散斑场，其次通过更换加载在空间光调制器上的相位分布图，也可以生成瑞利散斑场。
利用本实施例的基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机的成像方法，其特点在于：该成像方法包括如下步骤：：
步骤一、利用计算机仿真通过将平面波经过相位均匀分布在(0～2π)的随机相位调制器，生成瑞利散斑场E
Ray；
步骤二、对瑞利散斑场E
Ray进行指数运算得到非瑞利散斑场E'，即E′＝(E
Ray)
n，其中当n＞1,n∈N
*时，非瑞利散斑场E'为超瑞利散斑场E
super-Ray， 当0＜n＜1时，非瑞利散斑场E'为亚瑞利散斑场E
sub-Ray；
步骤三、通过光场传播算法，将非瑞利散斑场从散斑探测面8逆传播距离z得到空间光调制器7的光场分布E″，其中z＝z
1+z
2，z
1为分束器6和面阵探测器8的间距，z
2为分束器6和空间光调制器7的间距；
步骤四、取光场分布E″的相位Φ＝phase(E″)，从而生成用于加载在空间光调制器上的相位分布图，并存储于计算机9上；
步骤五、调节入射的准单色光、前置成像镜1、分束器2、带通滤波片3、偏振器5、分束器6、空间光调制器7、监视探测器4、面阵探测器8同轴，通过反复调节，使分束器6和面阵探测器8的间距为z
1，分束器6和空间光调制器7的间距为z
2；
步骤六、通过计算机9将预先存储的非瑞利散斑场的相位分布图Φ加载到空间光调制器7上；
步骤七、通过标定过程，利用面阵探测器分别记录应用非瑞利散斑场后整个系统的光强传递函数，即系统的测量矩阵A，存储在计算机9上；
步骤八、将待测物体a放置在系统视场内，调节前置成像镜1的物距，使得待测物体a成像于前置成像镜的像面b上；
步骤九、面阵探测器8曝光一次，获得探测光强信号Y，存储在计算机9上；
步骤十、根据测量矩阵A和光强信号Y，通过图像恢复算法重构得到基于不同散斑场下的重构图像。
综上所述，本发明是一种基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机及 其成像方法，利用光路可逆的特性，在无透镜的情况下，可以在空间光调制器后的任意距离处产生非瑞利散斑场。将此方法与基于压缩感知的关联成像光谱相机的系统相结合，不仅具备了原有系统的优势，同时利用超瑞利散斑场进行成像，能够在低信噪比的条件下提高重构图像的质量和分辨率。
Claims (4)
- 一种基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机，包括前置成像镜(1)、分束器(2)、带通滤波片(3)、监视探测器(4)和计算机(9)，其特征在于，还包括偏振器(5)、分束器(6)、空间光调制器(7)和面阵探测器(8)，所述的偏振器(5)、分束器(6)和空间光调制器(7)依次位于所述的前置成像镜(1)的成像面(b)后，所述的计算机(9)分别与所述的监视探测器(4)、空间光调制器(7)和面阵探测器(8)相连；入射光依次经所述的前置成像镜(1)和分束镜(2)后分为透射光和反射光，沿反射光方向是监视探测器(4)，透射光依次通过所述的带通滤波片(3)、偏振器(5)和分束器(6)后入射到空间光调制器(7)，经空间光调制器(7)调制后沿原光路返回入射到所述的分束器(6)，经该分束器(6)反射后，入射到所述的面阵探测器(8)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机，其特征在于：所述的空间光调制器(7)作为纯相位调制器，通过在空间光调制器上加载不同分布的相位图，从而产生不同分布特性的散斑场。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机，其特征在于：所述的空间光调制器(7)也可以替换为预先根据所需的相位分布而设计的其他相位调制板。
- 利用根据权利要求1-3任一所述的基于非瑞利散斑场的关联成像光谱相机的成像方法，其特征在于：该成像方法包括如下步骤：步骤一、利用计算机仿真通过将平面波经过相位均匀分布在(0～2π)的随机相位调制器，生成瑞利散斑场E Ray；步骤二、对瑞利散斑场E Ray进行指数运算得到非瑞利散斑场E'，即E′ ＝(E Ray) n，其中当n＞1,n∈N*时，非瑞利散斑场E'为超瑞利散斑场E super-Ray，当0＜n＜1时，非瑞利散斑场E'为亚瑞利散斑场E sub-Ray；步骤三、通过光场传播算法，将非瑞利散斑场从散斑探测面(8)逆传播距离z得到空间光调制器(7)的光场分布E″，其中z＝z 1+z 2，z 1为分束器(6)和面阵探测器(8)的间距，z 2为分束器(6)和空间光调制器(7)的间距；步骤四、取光场分布E″的相位Φ＝phase(E″)，从而生成用于加载在空间光调制器上的相位分布图，并存储于计算机(9)上；步骤五、调节入射的准单色光、前置成像镜(1)、分束器(2)、带通滤波片(3)、偏振器(5)、分束器(6)、空间光调制器(7)、监视探测器(4)、面阵探测器(8)同轴，通过反复调节，使分束器(6)和面阵探测器(8)的间距为z 1，分束器(6)和空间光调制器(7)的间距为z 2；步骤六、通过计算机(9)将预先存储的非瑞利散斑场的相位分布图Φ加载到空间光调制器(7)上；步骤七、通过标定过程，利用面阵探测器分别记录应用非瑞利散斑场后整个系统的光强传递函数，即系统的测量矩阵A，存储在计算机(9)上；步骤八、将待测物体(a)放置在系统视场内，调节前置成像镜(1)的物距，使得待测物体(a)成像于前置成像镜的像面(b)上；步骤九、面阵探测器(8)曝光一次，获得探测光强信号Y，存储在 计算机(9)上；步骤十、根据测量矩阵A和光强信号Y，通过图像恢复算法重构得到基于不同散斑场下的重构图像。
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