WO2020108147A1 - 基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法、装置和计算机设备 - Google Patents

基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法、装置和计算机设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020108147A1
WO2020108147A1 PCT/CN2019/111562 CN2019111562W WO2020108147A1 WO 2020108147 A1 WO2020108147 A1 WO 2020108147A1 CN 2019111562 W CN2019111562 W CN 2019111562W WO 2020108147 A1 WO2020108147 A1 WO 2020108147A1
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shared
carpooling
lease
initiator
participant
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PCT/CN2019/111562
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English (en)
French (fr)
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柳林东
朱琳
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阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0645—Rental transactions; Leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/60—Protecting data
    • G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions

Definitions

  • This specification relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to a shared resource lease method, device and computer equipment based on blockchain.
  • Blockchain technology also known as distributed ledger technology, is an emerging technology in which several computing devices jointly participate in "bookkeeping" and jointly maintain a complete distributed database.
  • Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, each computing device can participate in database records, and data synchronization can be quickly performed between computing devices. To apply.
  • one or more embodiments of the present specification provide a shared resource lease method, device and computer equipment based on blockchain.
  • a shared resource lease method based on blockchain is proposed, which is applied to a shared lease including a shared lease initiator, a shared lease participant, and a shared lease service terminal
  • the system; the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the method includes:
  • the node device of the shared lease service party obtains a first transaction sent by the node device of the shared lease initiator; the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the shared lease initiator;
  • the invited reply includes at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared lease
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the shared lease participant confirmed by the shared lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and the information of at least part of the target shared resources of the shared lease participant participating in the lease.
  • a shared resource lease method based on blockchain is proposed, which is applied to a shared lease including a shared lease initiator, a shared lease participant, and a shared lease service terminal
  • the system; the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the method includes:
  • the node device of the sharing lease initiator sends a first transaction to the blockchain; the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the sharing lease initiator;
  • the invitation response includes information that at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared rental;
  • a blockchain-based carpooling method is proposed, which is applied to a carpooling system including a carpooling initiator, a carpooling participant, and a carpooling service terminal;
  • the terminal, the carpool participant, and the carpool service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the method includes:
  • the node device of the carpooling service provider obtains the first transaction sent by the node device of the carpooling initiator; the first transaction includes first trip information for carpooling and identity information of the carpooling initiator;
  • the invited car replies include information that other users expect to participate in the second carpool trip;
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the carpooling participant node device confirmed by the carpooling initiator node device based on the invited response and second itinerary information of the carpooling participant participating in the carpooling;
  • the first itinerary includes the second itinerary .
  • a blockchain-based carpooling method is proposed, which is applied to a shared rental system including a carpooling initiator, a carpooling participant, and a carpooling service terminal; the carpooling The initiator, the carpool participant, and the carpool service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the method includes:
  • the node device of the carpooling initiator sends a first transaction to the blockchain;
  • the first transaction includes first trip information for carpooling and identity information of the carpooling initiator;
  • the invited responses including second trip information that other users expect to participate in carpooling
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the carpooling participant node device confirmed by the carpooling initiator node device based on the invited reply and the second trip of the carpooling participant to participate in the carpooling information.
  • a shared resource leasing device based on blockchain is proposed, which is applied to a shared leasing including a shared leasing initiator, a shared leasing participant, and a shared leasing service terminal
  • the system; the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the device includes:
  • An obtaining unit the node device of the shared lease service party obtains a first transaction sent by the node device of the shared lease initiator; the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the shared lease initiator;
  • a pushing unit pushing other users' invited replies to the shared lease initiator node device to cause the shared lease initiator to send a second transaction to the blockchain;
  • the invited replies include at least part of other users' desire to participate in the shared lease Information of target shared resources;
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the shared lease participant confirmed by the shared lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and at least part of the target shared resources of the shared lease participant participating in the lease Information.
  • a shared resource leasing device based on a blockchain which is applied to a shared lease including a shared lease initiator, a shared lease participant, and a shared lease service terminal
  • the system; the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network; the device includes:
  • a sending unit the node device of the shared lease initiator sends a first transaction to the blockchain; the first transaction includes information of the target shared resource and the identity information of the shared lease initiator;
  • the receiving unit receives the invited responses of other users pushed by the node device of the shared rental service party, where the invited responses include information of at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared rental;
  • the sending unit sends a second transaction to the blockchain, where the second transaction includes the identity information of the shared lease participant confirmed by the shared lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and the shared lease Participants participate in the lease of at least part of the target shared resource information.
  • a computer device including: a memory and a processor; a computer program executable by the processor is stored on the memory; the processor runs the computer During the process, the steps described in the above method for sharing resources based on the block chain executed by the node device of the shared rental service party are executed.
  • a computer device including: a memory and a processor; a computer program executable by the processor is stored on the memory; the processor runs the computer During the procedure, the steps described in the above method for sharing resources based on the block chain executed by the node device of the initiator of the shared lease are executed.
  • the blockchain-based shared resource leasing method and device provided in this specification back up the information of the target shared resource and the information of the leasing party sharing the above-mentioned target shared resource in the distributed database of the blockchain; Based on the anti-tampering mechanism of the blockchain, the above information backed up is maintained by all nodes of the blockchain, thereby ensuring the authenticity and security of the above information, and facilitating the inspection and application of the above information.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a shared resource lease method based on a block chain executed by a shared lease service provider node device according to an embodiment provided by this specification;
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a blockchain-based carpooling method executed by a carpooling service node device shown in an embodiment provided by this specification;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain-based shared resource leasing device applied to a node device end of a shared leasing service provided by an embodiment provided by this specification;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a block chain-based shared resource leasing device applied to a device end of a shared lease initiator node device according to an embodiment provided by this specification;
  • FIG. 5 is a hardware structure diagram of an embodiment of a shared resource rental device based on a blockchain provided in this specification.
  • the steps of the corresponding method are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification.
  • the method may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification.
  • the single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and the multiple steps described in this specification may also be combined into a single step in other embodiments. description.
  • This specification first provides an embodiment of a shared resource leasing method based on blockchain. As shown in FIG. 1, it is applied to a shared leasing system including a shared leasing initiator, a shared leasing participant, and a shared leasing service terminal; The shared lease system is constructed based on a blockchain, and the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of the blockchain.
  • the shared resource leasing described in this embodiment may include shared vehicle leasing (generally referred to as “carpooling”), shared house leasing (generally referred to as “shared renting”), and other parties' shared leasing or shared use of resources, such as carpooling.
  • the shared rental of a car-sharing user to a car is a shared rental for multiple tenant users to a whole house; now the society has derived the emerging concept of the use of shared resources such as "fighting rice”.
  • This embodiment does not limit the specific types of shared resources. As the content of shared resources is gradually enriched, the concept of shared resource rental or use described in this embodiment is gradually expanded.
  • a shared rental system including a shared rental initiator, a shared rental participant, and a shared rental server terminal is constructed based on a blockchain network
  • the shared rental server terminal may be a server of the above shared rental system (server), providing process service support included in the shared resource leasing method
  • the above-mentioned shared lease initiator and shared lease participant are users of the above-mentioned shared lease system:
  • the shared lease initiator is the user who initiated the lease of the target shared resource
  • the participant of the shared lease is a user who participates in the lease of the target shared resource.
  • the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are all node devices of a blockchain network.
  • the above-mentioned shared lease initiator participates in the lease of the above-mentioned target shared resource, that is, the above-mentioned shared lease initiator can either participate in the lease of the target shared resource, or can only initiate the target shared resource Leasing without participating in the leasing of the target shared resources.
  • the blockchain described in this embodiment may specifically refer to a P2P network system with distributed data storage structure reached by each node device through a consensus mechanism, and the data distribution in the blockchain is connected one by one in time.
  • the latter block contains the data summary of the previous block, and according to the specific consensus mechanism (such as POW, POS, DPOS or PBFT, etc.), all or part of the data of the node is reached. Backup.
  • the specific consensus mechanism such as POW, POS, DPOS or PBFT, etc.
  • the blockchain system has the characteristics of ensuring data security and preventing attack and tampering comparable to other centralized database systems. It can be seen that in the embodiments provided in this specification, the data included in the distributed database of the blockchain will not be attacked or tampered, thereby ensuring the authenticity and fairness of the relevant data in the shared resource lease process.
  • the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service node device described in this embodiment can all join the block chain as the block by following the installation of the corresponding node protocol and running the node protocol program Node device of the chain. It is worth noting that the node device described in this specification can include either a full node that backs up all the data of the distributed database of the above-mentioned blockchain, or a part of the data of the distributed database of the above-mentioned blockchain.
  • the light node or client is not limited in this manual.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 102 The node device of the shared lease service party obtains a first transaction sent by the node device of the shared lease initiator; the first transaction includes information of the target shared resource and identity information of the shared lease initiator.
  • the transfer described in this specification refers to a piece of data that a user creates through a node device (such as a client) of the blockchain and needs to be finally released to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • a node device such as a client
  • the narrow sense of the transaction refers to a value transfer issued by the user to the blockchain; for example, in the traditional Bitcoin blockchain network, the transaction can be a transfer initiated by the user in the blockchain.
  • the generalized transaction refers to a piece of business data released by the user to the blockchain with business intent; for example, the sharing of the lease issued by the initiator of the shared lease described in the above embodiment of the present specification into the blockchain includes the
  • the content of the target shared resource information and the identity information of the sharing lease initiator may be a transaction; or the above content may be sorted according to a preset transaction data format to generate the above-mentioned first transaction.
  • the above-mentioned first transaction can be regarded as a shared lease invitation of the shared lease initiator to the target shared resource, or can be regarded as a certificate of deposit information of the shared lease initiator and the target shared resource .
  • the identity information of the shared lease initiator may include the name (nickname) of the shared lease initiator, or an identity code, or a public key, etc., which may be real or anonymous information that maps the identity of the shared lease initiator; the information of the target shared resource may be The information including the name, address, code, or profile of the target shared resource can point to the target shared resource.
  • the detailed process of uploading the first transaction initiated by the sharing lease initiator to the distributed database of the blockchain can be specifically set according to the consensus mechanism and transaction verification rules of the blockchain.
  • the shared lease initiator publishes the first transaction to the distributed database of the blockchain, including:
  • a node with accounting authority in the blockchain adds the first transaction to the candidate block
  • the consensus accounting node broadcasts the candidate block to the nodes of the blockchain
  • the candidate block After the candidate block passes the verification and approval of the predetermined number of nodes of the blockchain, the candidate block is regarded as the latest block and is added to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • the node with accounting authority refers to a node with authority to generate candidate blocks, and may include, for example, the node equipment of the shared rental service party described in this specification.
  • a consensus accounting node can be determined from the nodes that have accounting authority for the candidate block.
  • the consensus mechanism can include a proof of work mechanism (PoW) or a proof of rights mechanism ( PoS), or share authorization certification mechanism (DPoS), etc.
  • PoS or DPoS consensus mechanism is similar to PoW, and both belong to the consensus algorithm commonly used in the public blockchain to confirm the consensus accounting node.
  • the embodiments provided in this specification may also use the alliance chain architecture to construct the blockchain.
  • the above-mentioned shared lease service agencies, related shared lease regulatory agencies, shared fee settlement agencies, and other institutions with higher credit can be used as pre-selected nodes of the alliance chain to participate in the block bookkeeping.
  • the consensus process of the alliance chain is also controlled by the pre-selected nodes. When there are more than a set number of nodes (such as 2/3) on the network to confirm a block, the transactions or data recorded in the block will be confirmed by the entire network.
  • the alliance chain usually adopts proof-of-stake or consensus algorithms such as PBFT and RAFT.
  • PBFT proof-of-stake
  • RAFT RAFT
  • the PBFT algorithm as a preferred implementation of the consensus algorithm of the alliance chain provided in this specification, is due to the high efficiency of consensus using this algorithm, which can meet the needs of high-frequency transaction volume.
  • each user terminal Frequently generated first transaction for initiating a shared lease invitation; and the consensus delay is very low, basically meeting the requirements of real-time processing, and the first transaction can be included in the new block of the blockchain quickly and in real time; and,
  • the trusted node in the alliance chain network is used as a pre-selected accounting node, taking into account the security and stability; in addition, the use of PBFT algorithm will not consume too much computing power resources, nor does it necessarily require token circulation, so it has good Usability.
  • Step 104 Push other users' invited responses to the shared lease initiator node device to make the shared lease initiator send a second transaction to the blockchain;
  • the invited responses include at least part of other users' desire to participate in the shared lease Information of target shared resources;
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the shared lease participant confirmed by the shared lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and at least part of the target shared resources of the shared lease participant participating in the lease Information.
  • other users of the shared leasing system can obtain the first transaction from the distributed database of the blockchain, or from the shared leasing service party’s
  • the node device obtains all or part of the above-mentioned first transaction information.
  • Other users of the above-mentioned shared lease system make an invited response based on the first transaction initiated by the above-mentioned shared lease initiator whether to participate in the shared lease of the target shared resource.
  • each user participating in the shared rental will at least participate in the lease of part of the target shared resource.
  • the carpooling route that each carpooling participant participates in may be the carpooling route initiated by the carpooling initiator.
  • each participant of the rental house should rent a bedroom in a set of houses; therefore, the above-mentioned invited response should also include information about at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared rental .
  • the above-mentioned invited reply can be sent to the distributed database of the blockchain for certificate deposit as the above-mentioned first transaction; but since the above-mentioned invited reply has not been confirmed by the share lease initiator, in order to save the use space of the blockchain, it can also be There is no need to deposit the certificate in the distributed database of the blockchain, but only to the node device of the shared lease service provider, and the node device of the shared lease service provider pushes the invitation response to the initiator of the shared lease.
  • the shared rental service provider can sort the above-mentioned invited responses according to the preference of the shared rental initiator or other factors or parameters, and the results of the above-mentioned sorting to the above carpool The initiator pushes.
  • the originator of the shared lease confirms based on the received invitation response, and sends the identity information of the shared lease participant who participates in the shared lease of the target shared resource to the blockchain for verification, so as to facilitate the above information Used for applications such as certificate deposit or fee settlement.
  • the specific process that the second transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain is similar to the specific process that the first transaction is included, which will not be repeated here.
  • the shared lease initiator sends the first transaction including the shared lease initiator and target shared resource information and the confirmed second transaction of shared lease participant information to the district
  • the certificate is stored in the distributed database of the blockchain. Based on the anti-tampering mechanism of the blockchain, the above data information stored in the blockchain will not be tampered.
  • the data is jointly maintained by all node devices of the blockchain. It improves the security of users' participation in shared resource leasing and the security of data information generated during the shared resource leasing process.
  • the shared resource lease method performed by the node device of the shared lease initiator includes:
  • the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the initiator of the shared lease;
  • the invitation response includes information that at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared rental;
  • the node device of the sharing lease initiator further receives a second sharing lease fee paid by the node device of the sharing lease participant based on at least part of the target shared resources that it participates in the lease; and based on the target shared resource 1. Total rental cost.
  • the shared resource rental method provided in this specification is explained in detail.
  • the above-mentioned shared rental initiator, shared rental participant, and shared rental server terminal are the carpool initiator, carpool participant, and carpool server terminal; the carpool server terminal, carpool initiator terminal, and carpool participant terminal are all Node device for blockchain.
  • the above-mentioned target shared resource information not only includes target vehicle information (such as a vehicle license plate, or car model, or number of occupants, etc.) for carpooling, but also includes the user-sponsored carpooling initiator. Take the first trip information for carpooling.
  • an exemplary embodiment of this specification provides a blockchain-based carpooling method, which is applied to include a carpooling service terminal, a carpooling initiator terminal, and carpooling participation Carpooling system of the square terminal; the carpooling service terminal, the carpooling initiator terminal, and the carpooling participant terminal are all block chain node devices.
  • the carpooling service provider described in this embodiment can be regarded as a server in a carpooling system built on the basis of a blockchain network that assumes the role of carpooling matching service.
  • the carpooling system is composed of terminal devices corresponding to the carpooling service provider and the carpooling user;
  • the terminal devices corresponding to the parties (usually called servers) and the users of the carpooling service users (including carpooling initiators and carpooling participants) are added to the blockchain network as node devices of the blockchain.
  • the node device of the carpooling service provider as a server of the carpooling service provider usually has a relatively high hardware configuration and network configuration, and because it can serve carpooling service Provided with comprehensive data provision and certificate storage services, the node device of the above carpooling service provider can be set as a full node device of the blockchain.
  • the user of the carpooling system can usually serve as both the carpooling initiator and the carpooling participant.
  • the carpooling initiator or carpooling participant node described in this embodiment may be set as a light node or a client to back up part of the data of the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • the carpooling method provided in this embodiment includes:
  • Step 202 The node device of the carpooling service provider obtains the first transaction issued by the carpooling initiator from the distributed database of the blockchain, the first transaction includes the first trip used by the carpooling initiator for carpooling Information and identity information of the carpool originator.
  • the first itinerary information described in this embodiment may include the starting position and end position information for the carpooling selected by the carpooling initiator; as described above, the identity information of the carpooling initiator may be the real name identity of the carpooling initiator Information or anonymous identity information, such as name or nickname, identity code or public key, etc.
  • the corresponding database of the carpooling initiator is backed up on the distributed database of the blockchain Member information of the user organization of the carpool;
  • the user organization corresponding to the carpooling initiator may be the user organization to which the carpooling initiator belongs, or a user organization with the selection authority of the carpooling initiator, and the corresponding rules on the carpooling initiator and its corresponding user organization , Specific settings can be made based on the risk control strategy and business strategy of the carpooling system.
  • the user members in the user organization corresponding to the carpooling initiator can obtain the first transaction from the distributed database of the blockchain, or from the carpooling in the communication connection with the carpooling service provider.
  • the node device of the server obtains all or part of the information of the first transaction.
  • the user member in the user organization corresponding to the above carpooling initiator makes an invitation response to whether to participate in the carpooling based on the first transaction initiated by the above carpooling initiator.
  • the above-mentioned invited reply can be sent to the blockchain for certificate deposit as the above-mentioned first transaction; since the above-mentioned invited reply has not been confirmed by the carpool originator, it can also be sent to the above carpool service provider without depositing the certificate to the blockchain
  • the node device of the carpooling service provider pushes the invited response to the carpooling initiator.
  • Step 204 Push the other car’s invited reply to the carpool initiator so that the carpool initiator sends a second transaction to the blockchain;
  • the invited response includes the second itinerary information that other users expect to participate in the carpool;
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the carpooling participant confirmed by the node device of the carpooling initiator based on the invited reply and the second itinerary information of the carpooling participant participating in the carpooling.
  • the carpooling service provider node device pushes the above invited response to the carpooling initiator node device.
  • the above-mentioned carpooling service provider can obtain the above-mentioned invited responses sent by other users from the distributed database of the blockchain, or can obtain the above-mentioned invited responses in the peer-to-peer communication of other user terminals that make the invited responses.
  • the invited reply should include second itinerary information that the other users desire to participate in carpooling, and the second itinerary belongs to at least part of the first itinerary.
  • the specific driving route of the first trip during carpooling may change somewhat according to the driving route of the second trip of the carpooling participant.
  • the second itinerary belongs to at least Part of the first trip.
  • the carpooling service provider may, according to the preference of the carpooling initiator, or the degree of overlap between the first and second itinerary, or select a different carpooling participant, the carpooling participant Factors such as the amount of expenses to be paid are sorted for the above-mentioned invited responses, and the result of the above sorting is pushed to the above-mentioned carpooling initiator.
  • the above carpooling initiator may select one or more carpooling participants to participate in carpooling based on the matching degree of the first itinerary information and the second itinerary information or other factors. After the carpool participants who can participate in carpooling are determined, the identity information of the carpooling participants participating in the carpooling and the second itinerary information of the carpooling participation are documented to use the above information for archiving or fee settlement applications , The carpooling initiator should issue a second transaction to the blockchain, the second transaction includes at least one actual carpooling participant determined by the carpooling initiator based on the invited reply and its corresponding second itinerary information .
  • the specific process that the second transaction is included in the distributed database of the blockchain is similar to the specific process that the first transaction is included, which will not be repeated here.
  • the carpooling initiator sends the first transaction that organizes carpooling and the second transaction that determines the information of the carpooling participant to the distributed database of the blockchain for certificate storage, and The user information on which the carpooling is based and the travel information of the carpooling are registered.
  • the above-mentioned data information stored in the blockchain will not be tampered.
  • the data is jointly maintained by all node devices of the blockchain, which not only improves the safety of users’ participation in carpooling, but also The safety of data information generated during the carpooling process is improved.
  • the carpooling system can implement user organization management for carpooling users.
  • the user organization can be a collection of multiple types of users.
  • the user organization can be a collection of employees in the same or different departments within the same enterprise. Or a collection of users who share the same or similar interests, etc.
  • the carpooling service provider can set a corresponding mapping identifier for the above user organization to facilitate management.
  • the carpooling initiator When the carpooling initiator initiates carpooling, it can select its corresponding user organization to initiate carpooling; the user organization corresponding to the carpooling sponsor can be the user organization to which the carpooling sponsor belongs, or it can be a user organization with the selection authority of the carpooling sponsor; specific
  • the corresponding rules of can be flexibly set according to the business rules of the carpooling service provider, and are not limited here.
  • the identity information of the carpooling initiator and the carpooling participants confirmed by the carpooling initiator is stored.
  • Member information of the user organization corresponding to the carpooling initiator can be backed up in the distributed database of the above blockchain Inside, the carpooling initiator should select the carpooling participant that belongs to its corresponding user organization member to confirm the carpooling.
  • the information of the user organization corresponding to the carpool initiator backed up in the distributed database of the blockchain is jointly maintained by the nodes of the blockchain. Any changes to the information of the user organization should be It can be completed after the consensus verification of the blockchain nodes; the carpooling promoters and their corresponding member users in the user organization carpooling, effectively protecting the safety of carpooling users during carpooling.
  • the information of the user organization used by the above carpooling system can be sent to the blockchain by the node device of the carpooling service provider for certificate storage, or can be sent to the blockchain by other node devices, such as the corresponding node device managed by the user member management Deposit certificate.
  • the node device or other node devices of the above carpooling service provider can obtain the information of the user organization through self-built or using a third-party interface, which is not limited in this specification.
  • the ridesharing initiator described in this specification can bear the responsibility of paying the total cost of the first shared lease corresponding to the target shared resource to the target shared resource leaser,
  • the carpooling initiator needs to pay the vehicle operator or the driver the total cost of the first carpooling for the first completed trip;
  • the above carpooling participants should pay the carpooling sponsor the corresponding second carpooling based on the second trip they actually participate in the carpooling Cost;
  • the difference between the total first carpool fee paid by the carpool initiator and all the second carpool fees collected is the carpool cost that the above carpool initiator should pay to the vehicle driver or operator.
  • the total cost of the first carpooling may be a fee calculated by the node device of the carpooling service provider based on the number of miles of the first trip within the current time or the length of time to complete the first trip, etc., based on the logic rules for calculating the operating cost of the carpooling system.
  • a total carpooling fee may be understood as the sum of the fees receivable by the carpooling initiator based on the vehicle completing the above-mentioned first trip.
  • the total cost of the first carpooling and the second carpooling fee paid by the carpooling participant to the carpooling initiator are both stored and backed up in the distributed database of the blockchain, and the device of the carpooling initiator node and the carpooling participant node
  • the equipment can obtain the fees paid by the users who participate in the carpooling in this carpooling from the blockchain.
  • the accounts are open and the data is not tampered with, which overcomes the fact that the accounts of the carpooling parties in the existing carpooling system are not disclosed.
  • This specification does not limit the initiator of the transaction to the blockchain about the paid first carpool total fee and the second carpool fee.
  • the above transaction initiator can be either the carpool initiator node device or carpool who pay the above fee.
  • the party node device can also be a carpooling service node node device that can obtain the above payment fee information; the above first carpooling total fee and at least one second carpooling fee can be published in the same transaction or in multiple transactions Was posted.
  • the fees payable by the carpooling parties may be unfair.
  • a carpooling participant has not paid the second carpooling fee payable to the carpooling initiator (in actual processing, the carpooling system may set a specific time threshold for the carpooling participant and the carpooling initiator to pay the fee, exceeding their corresponding time duration If the threshold is not paid, it can be considered as an unpaid fee), which will cause the carpooling initiator to pay the vehicle driver the total cost of the first carpooling based on the first trip, the individual bears a higher cost, causing damage to the interests of the carpooling initiator .
  • the carpooling initiator pays the total cost of the first carpooling to the driver of the vehicle based on the first trip, for various reasons (such as using operator discounts or coupons), the actual total cost of the first carpooling payment may be lower than the above The total cost of the first carpool corresponding to a trip will lead to more benefits for the carpool initiator.
  • the carpooling method described in this embodiment further includes: a carpooling service provider node device based on a distributed database from the blockchain The total cost of the first shared lease and the second shared lease obtained within the period determine whether it is necessary to execute the cost reconfiguration logic; if it is, execute the cost reconfiguration logic.
  • the above judgment and execution process may include: calculating the sum of the second carpooling fee paid by the carpooling participant and the first payment or correspondence (when the carpooling initiator is a vehicle driver or operator) paid by the carpooling initiator The ratio of the total cost of carpooling; when the ratio exceeds the preset first threshold, the carpooling initiator enjoys more benefits based on the current carpooling process.
  • the logic of the income redistribution of the carpooling initiator can be executed: If the ridesharing initiator is notified, the ridesharing participants shall be paid the difference fee, which may include currency, tokens circulated by the blockchain, or the characteristic value of the ridesharing system; or directly increase the ridesharing The characteristic value of the participant in the carpooling system.
  • the above characteristic value is used to characterize the contribution of the carpooling participant to the carpooling system, which may be expressed as a numerical value such as integral value and community activity.
  • At least one carpooling participant pays the difference fee to the carpooling initiator, which may include currency, tokens circulated by the blockchain, or the characteristic value of the carpooling system circulation; or directly increase the carpooling initiator
  • the characteristic value is used to characterize the contribution of the carpooling initiator to the carpooling system, which may be specifically expressed as a numerical value such as an integral value and community activity.
  • all participating users can obtain fair expenses or income within the carpooling system, which improves the user experience of the above carpooling system .
  • the cost reconfiguration logic based on the total cost of the first carpooling and the cost of the second carpooling, it is determined whether the cost reconfiguration logic needs to be executed. If it is, the operation of executing the cost reconfiguration logic can be deployed by The smart contract on the blockchain is completed, and any node device on the blockchain, by acquiring the transaction including the first carpool total fee paid by the carpool initiator based on the first trip, and including the carpool participant based on its The second trip and the second carpooling fee paid to the carpooling initiator (as mentioned above, the total first carpooling fee paid by the above carpooling initiator and the second carpooling fee paid by each carpooling participant can be placed in one
  • the transaction can also be placed in different transactions, which are not limited in this specification), call the smart contract corresponding to the cost reconfiguration logic, execute the cost reconfiguration judgment logic and execution logic declared by the smart contract, based on the said Describe the total cost of the first carpooling and the cost of the second carpooling to determine whether it is necessary to execute
  • the logic deployed by the smart contract is deployed on the blockchain after the node consensus of the blockchain is verified.
  • the smart contract executes the logic of the fee reconfiguration logic
  • the implementation method is more fair and fair.
  • this specification also provides the carpooling method executed by the device end of the node of the carpooling initiator in the above carpooling system, which may include:
  • the node device of the carpooling initiator sends a first transaction to the blockchain;
  • the first transaction includes first trip information for carpooling and identity information of the carpooling initiator;
  • the invited responses including second trip information that other users expect to participate in carpooling
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the carpooling participant node device confirmed by the carpooling initiator node device based on the invited reply and the second trip of the carpooling participant to participate in the carpooling information.
  • the distributed database of the blockchain is backed up with information of user organization members corresponding to the carpooling initiator; the carpooling participant belongs to the user organization member corresponding to the carpooling initiator.
  • the above method further includes: receiving a second shared lease fee paid by the node device of the shared lease participant based on at least part of the target shared resources that it participates in the lease; and paying a total first shared lease fee based on the target shared resource .
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a shared resource rental device based on blockchain.
  • the device can be implemented by software, or by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Taking software implementation as an example, as a logical device, it is formed by reading the corresponding computer program instructions into the memory through the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the device where it is located. From a hardware perspective, in addition to the CPU, memory, and storage shown in FIG. 5, the device where the network risk service implementation device is located usually also includes other hardware such as chips for wireless signal transmission and reception, and/or for implementation Network communication function boards and other hardware.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • Fig. 3 shows a shared resource leasing device based on blockchain, which is applied to a shared leasing system including a shared leasing initiator, a shared leasing participant, and a shared leasing service terminal; the shared leasing initiator, shared leasing The participant and the terminal of the shared leasing server are node devices of a blockchain network; the device is applied to the above-mentioned node device of the shared leasing server, including:
  • the obtaining unit 302 obtains a first transaction sent by the node device of the shared lease initiator; the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the shared lease initiator;
  • the pushing unit 304 pushes other users' invited replies to the shared lease initiator node device to cause the shared lease initiator to send a second transaction to the blockchain;
  • the invited replies include at least that other users expect to participate in the shared lease Part of the target shared resource information;
  • the second transaction includes the identity information of the shared lease participant confirmed by the shared lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and at least part of the target share of the shared lease participant participating in the lease Resource information.
  • the distributed database of the blockchain is backed up with information of user organization members corresponding to the shared lease initiator; the shared lease participant belongs to the corresponding shared lease initiator User organization member.
  • the device 30 further includes a judgment and execution unit 306:
  • the obtaining unit 304 obtains, from the distributed database of the blockchain, the first shared lease total fee information paid by the shared lease initiator based on the target shared resource, and the shared lease participant based on the lease At least part of the target shared resources and second shared lease fee information paid to the shared lease initiator;
  • the judging and executing unit 306 judges whether it is necessary to execute the cost reconfiguration logic based on the first shared lease total cost and the second shared lease cost; if so, execute the cost reconfiguration logic.
  • judgment and execution unit 306 the judgment and execution unit 306:
  • judgment and execution unit 306 the judgment and execution unit 306:
  • the logic of reallocating the revenue of at least one of the shared lease participants is executed.
  • the execution of the logic for reallocating the revenue of the shared lease initiator includes:
  • the characteristic value is used to characterize the at least one shared lease Contributions of participants to the shared rental system
  • the execution logic for reallocating the revenue of at least one of the shared lease participants includes:
  • the characteristic value is used to characterize the shared lease initiator Contribution to the shared rental system.
  • the difference fee includes one or more of currency, tokens circulated by the blockchain, and the characteristic values circulated by the shared rental system.
  • the shared resource leasing device is applied to a user carpool system, and the shared lease initiator, shared lease participant, and shared lease service terminal are the carpool initiator, carpool participant, And carpooling service provider terminal; the carpooling service provider terminal, carpooling initiator terminal and carpooling participant terminal are all block chain node devices; the information of the target shared resources includes target vehicle information used for carpooling and the carpooling The first trip information initiated by the initiator for carpooling.
  • FIG. 4 provides a blockchain-based shared resource leasing device 40, which is applied to a shared leasing system including a shared leasing initiator, a shared leasing participant, and a shared leasing server terminal; the shared leasing initiator The shared lease participant and the shared lease service terminal are all node equipment of a blockchain network; the device is applied to the above shared lease initiator node equipment, including:
  • the sending unit 402 sends a first transaction to the blockchain; the first transaction includes information of a target shared resource and identity information of the initiator of the shared lease;
  • the receiving unit 404 receives the invited replies of other users pushed by the shared lease service node device, the invited replies include information that at least part of the target shared resources that other users expect to participate in the shared lease;
  • the sending unit 402 sends a second transaction to the blockchain, where the second transaction includes the identity information of the sharing lease participant confirmed by the sharing lease initiator node device based on the invited reply and the sharing Lease participants participate in the lease of at least part of the target shared resource information.
  • the device 40 further includes:
  • the fee receiving unit 406 receives the second shared lease fee paid by the node device of the shared lease participant based on at least part of the target shared resources that it participates in the lease;
  • the fee payment unit 408 pays the first shared lease total fee based on the target shared resource.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical modules, that is, may be located One place, or can be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the units or modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions in this specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without paying creative labor.
  • a typical implementation device is a computer, and the specific form of the computer may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email sending and receiving device, and a game control Desk, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program that can be run by the processor; when the processor runs the stored computer program, it executes the blockchain-based shared resource rental method executed by the shared rental server node device in the embodiments of the present specification Various steps.
  • the steps of the above-mentioned blockchain-based shared resource leasing method please refer to the previous content, and will not be repeated.
  • the embodiments of the present specification also provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the processor; when the processor runs the stored computer program, it executes the blockchain-based shared resource leasing method executed by the shared leasing sender node device in the embodiments of the specification Various steps.
  • the steps of the above-mentioned blockchain-based shared resource leasing method please refer to the previous content, and will not be repeated.
  • the computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input/output interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • the memory may include non-permanent memory, random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory in computer-readable media, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • flash RAM flash random access memory
  • Computer-readable media including permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, can store information by any method or technology.
  • the information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, read-only compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media can be used to store information that can be accessed by computing devices. As defined in this article, computer-readable media does not include temporary computer-readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • PRAM phase change memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory or other memory technologies
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • DVD digital versatile disc
  • the embodiments of the present specification may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments of the present specification may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of this specification may take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code .
  • computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法和装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为区块链的节点设备；所述方法包括：共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息（步骤102）；向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易。

Description

基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法、装置和计算机设备 技术领域
本说明书涉及区块链技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法、装置和计算机设备。
背景技术
区块链技术，也被称之为分布式账本技术，是一种由若干台计算设备共同参与“记账”，共同维护一份完整的分布式数据库的新兴技术。由于区块链技术具有去中心化、公开透明、每台计算设备可以参与数据库记录、并且各计算设备之间可以快速的进行数据同步的特性，使得区块链技术已在众多的领域中广泛的进行应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本说明书一个或多个实施例提供一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法、装置和计算机设备。
为实现上述目的，本说明书一个或多个实施例提供技术方案如下：
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第一方面，提出了一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第二方面，提出了一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享 租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
共享租赁发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第三方面，提出了一种基于区块链的拼车方法，应用于包括拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端的拼车系统；所述拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
拼车服务方的节点设备获取所述拼车发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括用以拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息；
向所述拼车发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述拼车发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程的信息；所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息；所述第一行程包括所述第二行程。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第四方面，提出了一种基于区块链的拼车方法，应用于包括拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
拼车发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括用以拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息；
接收所述拼车服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程信息；
向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第五方面，提出了一种基于区块链的共享资源租 赁装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置包括：
获取单元，共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
推送单元，向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第六方面，提出了一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置包括：
发送单元，共享租赁发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
接收单元，接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
所述发送单元，向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第七方面，提出了一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行上述共享租赁服务方节点设备执行的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法所述的步骤。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第八方面，提出了一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行上述共享租赁发起方节点设备执行的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法所述的步骤。
由以上技术方案可见，本说明书提供的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法和装置，将目标共享资源的信息及共享租赁上述目标共享资源的租赁方信息均备份于区块链的分布式数据库；基于区块链的防篡改机制，备份的上述信息由区块链的所有节点参与维护，从而保证了上述信息的真实性和安全性，方便对上述信息的查验及应用。
附图说明
图1为本说明书所提供的一实施例所示的共享租赁服务方节点设备执行的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的流程图；
图2为本说明书所提供的一实施例所示的拼车服务方节点设备执行的基于区块链的拼车方法的流程图；
图3为本说明书所提供的一实施例提供的应用于共享租赁服务方节点设备端的基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置的示意图；
图4为本说明书所提供的一实施例提供的应用于共享租赁发起方节点设备端的基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置的示意图；
图5为运行本说明书所提供的基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置实施例的一种硬件结构图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本说明书一个或多个实施例相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本说明书一个或多个实施例的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
需要说明的是：在其他实施例中并不一定按照本说明书示出和描述的顺序来执行相应方法的步骤。在一些其他实施例中，其方法所包括的步骤可以比本说明书所描述的更多或更少。此外，本说明书中所描述的单个步骤，在其他实施例中可能被分解为多个步骤进行描述；而本说明书中所描述的多个步骤，在其他实施例中也可能被合并为单个步骤进行描述。
随着共享资源概念的扩展，采用经济、安全的方法实施对共享资源的多方租赁已越 来越受到社会的重视。本说明书首先提供了一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的实施例，如图1所示，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁系统基于区块链而构建，所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为所述区块链的节点设备。
本实施例所述的共享资源租赁可以包括共享车辆租赁(一般称为“拼车”)、共享房屋租赁(一般称为“合租”)等多方对资源的共享租赁、或共享使用，例如拼车为多个拼车用户对车辆的共享租赁，合租为多个承租人用户对一整套房屋的共享租赁；现在社会已衍生出如“拼饭”等新兴的对共享资源使用的概念。本实施例并不限定共享资源的具体种类，随着共享资源内容的逐渐丰富，本实施例所述的共享资源租赁或使用的概念也逐渐扩充。
在本实施例中，包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统基于区块链网络而构建，所述共享租赁服务方终端可以为上述共享租赁系统的服务器(server)，提供共享资源租赁方法所包括的流程服务支持，上述共享租赁发起方和共享租赁参与方均为上述共享租赁系统的用户：所述共享租赁发起方为发起对目标共享资源租赁的用户，所述共享租赁参与方为参与对目标共享资源租赁的用户。所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备。
值得注意的是，本说明书并不限定上述共享租赁发起方是否参与对上述目标共享资源的租赁，亦即上述共享租赁发起方既可以参与对目标共享资源的租赁，也可仅仅发起对目标共享资源的租赁，而不参与对目标共享资源的租赁。
本实施例所述的区块链，具体可指一个各节点设备通过共识机制达成的、具有分布式数据存储结构的P2P网络系统，该区块链内的数据分布在时间上相连的一个个“区块(block)”之内，后一区块包含前一区块的数据摘要，且根据具体的共识机制(如POW、POS、DPOS或PBFT等)的不同，达成全部或部分节点的数据全备份。本领域的技术人员熟知，由于区块链系统在相应共识机制下运行，已收录至区块链数据库内的数据很难被任意的节点篡改，例如采用Pow共识的区块链，至少需要全网51％算力的攻击才有可能篡改已有数据，因此区块链系统有着其他中心化数据库系统所法比拟的保证数据安全、防攻击篡改的特性。由此可知，在本说明书所提供的实施例中，被收录至区块链的分布式数据库中的数据不会被攻击或篡改，从而保证了共享资源租赁过程中相关数据的真实与公正性。
本实施例所述的共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方节点设备，均可通过遵循相应节点协议、运行节点协议程序的安装来加入作该区块链，作为该区块链的节点设备。值得注意的是，本说明书中所述的节点设备，既可以包括备份有上述区块链的分布式数据库的全部数据的全节点，也可以包括备份有上述区块链的分布式数据库的部分数据的轻节点或客户端，在本说明书中不作限定。
如图1所示，所述方法包括：
步骤102，共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括所述目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息。
在本说明书中所描述的交易(transfer)，是指用户通过区块链的节点设备(如客户端)创建，并需要最终发布至区块链的分布式数据库中的一笔数据。其中，区块链中的交易，存在狭义的交易以及广义的交易之分。狭义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔价值转移；例如，在传统的比特币区块链网络中，交易可以是用户在区块链中发起的一笔转账。而广义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务数据；例如，本说明书的上述实施例所述的由共享租赁发起方发布至上述区块链中的、包括所述目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息的内容即可以为一笔交易；或者将上述内容按照预设的交易数据格式整理，从而生成上述第一交易。
在本实施例中，上述第一交易既可看作上述共享租赁发起方对目标共享资源的共享租赁邀约，也可看做对上述共享租赁发起方的身份信息及目标共享资源的信息的存证。上述共享租赁发起方的身份信息可以包括共享租赁发起方的名称(昵称)、或身份编码、或公钥等可映射上述共享租赁发起方的身份的实名或匿名信息；上述目标共享资源的信息可以包括目标共享资源的名称、或地址、或编码、或概况等可指向上述目标共享资源的信息。基于区块链的防篡改机制，上述第一交易包含的信息不会在被所述区块链的分布式数据库收录后被篡改。
关于上述共享租赁发起方发起的第一交易被上传到所述区块链的分布式数据库中的详细过程，可依据所述区块链的共识机制及交易验证规则而具体设定。在一示出的实施例中，所述共享租赁发起方将第一交易发布至所述区块链的分布式数据库中，包括:
所述区块链中具有记账权限的节点将所述第一交易加入到候选区块；
从所述具有记账权限的节点中确定满足所述区块链共识机制的共识记账节点；
所述共识记账节点向所述区块链的节点广播所述候选区块；
在所述候选区块通过所述区块链符合预设数量的节点的验证认可后，所述候选区块被视为最新区块，加入到所述区块链的分布式数据库中。
在上述的实施例中，具有记账权限的节点是指具有生成候选区块权限的节点，例如可包括本说明书所述的共享租赁服务方的节点设备。根据所述区块链的共识机制，可从上述对所述候选区块具有记账权限的节点中确定共识记账节点，上述共识机制可以包括工作量证明机制(PoW)、或权利证明机制(PoS)、或股份授权证明机制(DPoS)等。
PoS或DPoS共识机制与PoW类似，均属于公有区块链中确认共识记账节点所常选用的共识算法。为降低交易或数据的确认时间、提高交易吞吐量、满足对安全和性能的需求，本说明书所提供的实施例还可选用联盟链架构来构建该区块链。上述共享租赁的服务机构、相关共享租赁的监管机构、共享费用结算机构等具有较高信用的机构可作为该联盟链的预选的节点，参与区块的记账。联盟链的共识过程也由该预选的节点控制，当网络上有超过设定比例(如2/3)的节点确认一个区块，该区块记录的交易或数据将得到全网确认。
联盟链通常多采用权益证明或PBFT、RAFT等共识算法。PBFT算法作为本说明书所提供的联盟链的共识算法的一种优选的实施方式，是由于采用该种算法共识的效率高，可满足高频交易量的需求，例如在本实施例中各用户终端频繁生成的用于发起共享租赁邀约的第一交易；且共识的时延很低，基本达到实时处理的要求，能快速实时地在区块链的新生区块中收录上述第一交易；而且，将联盟链网络中可信节点作为预选的记账节点，兼顾了安全性与稳定性；另外，采用PBFT算法不会消耗过多的计算机算力资源，也不一定需要代币流通，因此具有良好的可使用性。
步骤104，向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
本实施例中共享租赁系统的其他用户，既可以从上述区块链的分布式数据库中获取上述第一交易，也可以在与上述共享租赁服务方的通信连接中，从上述共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取上述第一交易的全部或部分信息。上述共享租赁系统的其他用户，基于 上述共享租赁发起方发起的第一交易作出是否参与对目标共享资源的共享租赁的应邀答复。
由于目标共享资源属于共享资源，每个参与共享租赁的用户至少会参与到对部分目标共享资源的租赁，例如，拼车过程中，每个拼车参与方参与的拼车路程可能为拼车发起方发起拼车路程的一部分；又如，共享租房中，每个租房参与方参与租赁的应为一套房屋的某个卧室；因此，上述应邀答复还应包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
上述应邀答复可以如上述第一交易被发送至区块链的分布式数据库中进行存证；但由于上述应邀答复尚未经过共享租赁发起方的确认，为节约区块链的使用空间起见，也可无需存证至区块链的分布式数据库中，而只需发送至上述共享租赁服务方的节点设备，由上述共享租赁服务方的节点设备向上述共享租赁发起方推送上述应邀答复。
本说明书并不限定共享租赁服务方推送上述应邀答复的具体方式，共享租赁服务方可依据共享租赁发起方的偏好或其他因素或参数为上述应邀答复进行排序，并将上述排序的结果向上述拼车发起方进行推送。
共享租赁发起方基于接收到的应邀答复进行确认，并将确认后的参与对所述目标共享资源的共享租赁的共享租赁参与方的身份信息发送至区块链进行存证，以方便将上述信息用于存证或费用结算等应用。关于上述第二交易被区块链的分布式数据库收录的具体过程与上述第一交易被收录的具体过程类似，在此不再赘述。
依据本实施例提供的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法，共享租赁发起方将包括共享租赁发起方和目标共享资源信息的第一交易和确认的共享租赁参与方信息的第二交易发送到区块链的分布式数据库中进行存证，基于区块链的防篡改机制，上述在区块链中存证的数据信息均不会被篡改，数据由区块链的所有节点设备共同维护，既提高了用户参与共享资源租赁的行为安全性，又提高了共享资源租赁过程所产生的数据信息的安全性。
上述实施例从共享租赁服务方节点设备端阐述了本说明书提供的共享资源租赁方法，相应地，为完成共享资源租赁，共享租赁发起方的节点设备所执行的共享资源租赁方法包括：
向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
可选的，上述共享租赁发起方的节点设备还接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；且基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
关于上述的共享租赁发起方的节点设备所执行的共享资源租赁方法的具体实施例的阐述，已在上述共享租赁服务方的节点设备所执行的共享资源租赁方法的各个实施例中详细阐述，在此不再赘述。
以下，以用户共享车辆租赁(俗称拼车)为例，详细阐释本说明书提供的共享资源租赁方法。上述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端分别为拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端；所述拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端均为区块链的节点设备。在多用户拼车的应用场景中，上述目标共享资源的信息不仅包括用以拼车的目标车辆信息(如车辆牌照、或车型、或准乘人数等)，还应包括所述拼车发起方发起的用以拼车的第一行程信息。
现有拼车产品只是基于线路进行匹配，车友质量层次不齐，存在一定不安全性和不舒适性。拼车本身费用往往是提前约定，但是实际路况会导致结算金额的差异性，让拼车发起人的行为具有一定收益风险，从而降低其个人意愿；同时，传统技术下，拼车总费用和拼车参与个体的费用往往只被车主/拼车发起人知晓，而这种中心化的信息处理方式容易导致不公平性。
基于以上现有技术中存在的问题，如图2所示，本说明书一示意性实施例提供了一种基于区块链的拼车方法，应用于包括拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端的拼车系统；所述拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端均为区块链的节点设备。
本实施例所述的拼车服务方可以看作基于区块链网络而构建的拼车系统中承担拼车撮合服务角色的服务器，该拼车系统由拼车服务方和拼车用户对应的终端设备组成；上述拼车服务方对应的终端设备(通常称为服务器)和拼车服务方的用户(包括拼车发起 方和拼车参与方等)对应的终端设备均作为区块链的节点设备，加入到区块链网络中来。
本领域的技术人员可知，作为一种优选的实施方式，上述拼车服务方的节点设备作为拼车服务方的服务器(server)，通常具有较高的硬件配置和网络配置，且由于其可为拼车服务所提供全面的数据提供和存证服务，上述拼车服务方的节点设备可设置为区块链的全节点设备。拼车系统的用户通常既可以作为拼车发起方也可以作为拼车参与方，为便于用户的终端设备(如手机客户端)快捷地处理拼车流程，本实施例所述的拼车发起方或拼车参与方节点设备可以设置为轻节点或客户端，备份所述区块链的分布式数据库的部分数据。
如图2所示，本实施例所提供的拼车方法包括：
步骤202，拼车服务方的节点设备从所述区块链的分布式数据库中获取所述拼车发起方发布的第一交易，所述第一交易包括所述拼车发起方用于拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息。
本实施例所述的第一行程信息可包括上述拼车发起方选择的用于拼车的起始位置、终点位置信息；如上所述，所述拼车发起方的身份信息可以是拼车发起方的实名身份信息或匿名身份信息，如名称或昵称，身份编码或公钥等。
在又一示出的实施方式中，为避免参与拼车的用户均为陌生人引发拼车行为的不安全性或不舒适性，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织的成员信息；拼车发起方对应的用户组织，可以是拼车发起方所属的用户组织，也可以是拼车发起方具有选择权限的用户组织，关于拼车发起方与其对应的用户组织的对应规则，可基于拼车系统的风险控制策略和业务策略进行具体的设置。
本实施例中拼车发起方对应的用户组织内的用户成员，既可以从上述区块链的分布式数据库中获取上述第一交易，也可以在与上述拼车服务方的通信连接中，从上述拼车服务方的节点设备获取上述第一交易的全部或部分信息。上述拼车发起方对应的用户组织内用户成员，基于上述拼车发起方发起的第一交易作出是否参与拼车应邀答复。上述应邀答复可以如上述第一交易被发送至区块链进行存证；由于上述应邀答复尚未经过拼车发起方的确认，也可无需存证至区块链上，只需发送至上述拼车服务方的节点设备，由上述拼车服务方的节点设备向上述拼车发起方推送上述应邀答复。
步骤204，向所述拼车发起方推送其他用户的应邀答复，以使所述拼车发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程信息；所 述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息。
上述拼车服务方节点设备在获取到对上述拼车发起方发起的第一行程内的拼车行为的应邀答复后，将上述应邀答复推送给拼车发起方节点设备。类似的，上述拼车服务方既可以从区块链的分布式数据库中获取其他用户发送的上述应邀答复，也可以在于作出应邀答复的其他用户终端的点对点通信中，获取到上述应邀答复。所述应邀答复应包括所述其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程信息，所述第二行程至少属于部分的第一行程。
值得注意的是，当本发明所提供的共享租赁方法应用于拼车时，拼车期间第一行程的具体行驶路线可能会根据拼车参与方的第二行程的行驶路线发生一些改变，因此，本说明书所述的第二行程信息所包括的起始位置和终点位置只要在拼车发起方发布的第一行程信息所包括的起始位置和终点位置之间的行驶路线上，则上述第二行程即属于至少部分的第一行程。
本说明书并不限定拼车服务方推送上述应邀答复的具体方式，拼车服务方可依据拼车发起方的偏好、或第一行程与第二行程的重叠程度、或选择不同的拼车参与方时拼车参与方需支出的费用数量等因素为上述应邀答复进行排序，并将上述排序的结果向上述拼车发起方进行推送。
上述拼车发起方可基于第一行程信息与第二行程信息的匹配程度或其他因素选择一个或多个拼车参与方参与拼车。在确定完成可参与拼车的拼车参与方后，为将上述参与拼车的拼车参与方的身份信息、及其参与拼车的第二行程信息进行存证，以将上述信息用于存档或费用结算等应用，上述拼车发起方应向上述区块链发布第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方基于所述应邀答复而确定的至少一个实际的拼车参与方和其对应的第二行程信息。关于上述第二交易被区块链的分布式数据库收录的具体过程与上述第一交易被收录的具体过程类似，在此不再赘述。
依据本实施例提供的基于区块链的拼车方法，拼车发起方将组织拼车的第一交易和确定拼车参与方信息的第二交易发送到区块链的分布式数据库中进行存证，而将拼车所基于的用户信息及拼车的行程信息均进行存证。基于区块链的防篡改机制，上述在区块链中存证的数据信息均不会被篡改，数据由区块链的所有节点设备共同维护，既提高了用户参与拼车的行为安全性，又提高了拼车过程所产生的数据信息的安全性。
在又一示出的实施方式中，拼车系统可对拼车用户实施用户组织管理，上述用户组 织可以为多种类型的用户集合，例如该用户组织可以为同一企业内相同或不同部门的员工集合，或享有相同或相似兴趣爱好的用户集合，等等。拼车服务方可以为上述用户组织设置相应的映射标识，以方便管理。拼车发起方在发起拼车时，可选择其对应的用户组织发起拼车；拼车发起方对应的用户组织，可以是拼车发起方所属的用户组织，也可以是拼车发起方具有选择权限的用户组织；具体的对应规则，可依拼车服务方的业务规则而灵活设置，在此不作限定。
为了保证拼车业务行为的安全性，为拼车发起方及其所确认的拼车参与方的身份信息进行存证，上述拼车发起方对应的用户组织的成员信息可备份在上述区块链的分布式数据库内，拼车发起方应选择属于其对应的用户组织成员的拼车参与方进行拼车确认。基于区块链的防篡改机制，上述区块链的分布式数据库内备份的拼车发起方对应的用户组织的信息由上述区块链的节点共同维护，任何对上述用户组织的信息的更改均应经过区块链节点的共识验证方可完成；拼车发起人与其对应的用户组织内的成员用户进行拼车，有力地保护了拼车用户在拼车时的安全性。
上述拼车系统使用的用户组织的信息，可以由拼车服务方的节点设备发送至区块链上进行存证，也可以由其他节点设备，如用户成员管理对应的节点设备发送至区块链上进行存证。上述拼车服务方的节点设备或其他节点设备可以通过自建或利用第三方接口获得用户组织的信息，在本说明书中不作限定。
在又一示出的实施方式中，本说明书所述的拼车发起方作为共享资源租赁发起方，可承担向目标共享资源的出租方支付上述目标共享资源对应的第一共享租赁总费用的责任，亦即拼车发起方需就实际完成的第一行程向车辆运营方或司机支付第一拼车总费用；上述拼车参与方应基于其实际参与拼车的第二行程向拼车发起方支付相应的第二拼车费用；拼车发起方支付的第一拼车总费用与收取的所有第二拼车费用的差值，即为上述拼车发起方应向车辆司机或营运方支付的拼车费用。上述第一拼车总费用可以是拼车服务方节点设备基于当前时间内第一行程的里程数量或完成第一行程的时间长短等因素，依据拼车系统运行费用计算逻辑规则而计算得出的费用。
值得注意的是，当上述拼车发起方为车辆司机或车辆运营方时，上述拼车发起方实际上无需向车辆司机或营运方支付拼车费用，此时上述的拼车发起方基于第一行程支付的第一拼车总费用可理解为拼车发起方基于车辆完成上述第一行程的所应收的费用总和。
在本实施方式中，上述第一拼车总费用和拼车参与方向拼车发起方支付的第二拼车 费用均存证备份于上述区块链的分布式数据库，上述拼车发起方节点设备和拼车参与方节点设备均可从区块链上获取在本次拼车中各个参与拼车的用户所支付的费用，账目公开且数据公正不会被篡改，克服了现有拼车系统中由于拼车各方支付账目不公开导致的用户体验较差的缺点。本说明书并不限定向区块链上发起关于上述已支付的第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用的交易发起方，上述交易发起方既可以为支付上述费用的拼车发起方节点设备或拼车参与方节点设备，也可以为可获取到上述支付费用信息的拼车服务方节点设备；上述第一拼车总费用和至少一个第二拼车费用既可以在同一个交易中被发布，也可以在多个交易中被发布。
在本实施例中，由于一些特殊情形可能导致拼车各方所应支付的费用不公平。例如，某个拼车参与方未向拼车发起方支付其应付的第二拼车费用(在实际处理中，拼车系统可为拼车参与方及拼车发起方支付费用设置具体的时长阈值，超过其对应的时长阈值未支付，即可被视为未支付费用)，这样会导致拼车发起方基于第一行程向车辆司机支付第一拼车总费用时，个人承担较高的费用，引起拼车发起方的利益受损。或者，拼车发起方在基于第一行程向车辆司机支付第一拼车总费用时，由于各种原因(如使用运营方折扣、或优惠券)，实际支付的第一拼车总费用会低于上述第一行程对应的第一拼车总费用，这样会导致拼车发起方获得了更多的利益。
为公平公正地保证拼车的顺利进行，提高各个用户使用本说明书所提供的拼车方法的用户体验，本实施例所述的拼车方法还包括：拼车服务方节点设备基于从区块链的分布式数据库内获取的所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑；如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
具体的，上述判断及执行过程可以包括：计算所述拼车参与方支付的第二拼车费用的总和与所述拼车发起方支付或对应(当拼车发起方为车辆司机或运营方时)的第一拼车总费用的比值；当所述比值超出预设的第一阈值时，拼车发起方基于本次拼车过程享受了较多的利益，此时可执行对所述拼车发起方的收益重配逻辑：如通知所述拼车发起方向所述拼车参与方支付差额费用，上述差额费用可包括货币、获所述区块链流通的代币、或所述拼车系统流通的特征值；或直接增加所述拼车参与方在所述拼车系统的特征值，上述特征值用以表征所述拼车参与方对所述拼车系统的贡献，具体可表现为积分值、社区活跃度等数值。
当所述比值低于预设的第二阈值时，至少一个拼车参与方享受了较多的利益(如未付账)，此时应执行对至少一个拼车参与方的收益重配逻辑：如通知该至少一个拼车参 与方向所述拼车发起方支付差额费用，上述差额费用可包括货币、获所述区块链流通的代币、或所述拼车系统流通的特征值；或直接增加所述拼车发起方在所述拼车系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述拼车发起方对所述拼车系统的贡献，具体可表现为积分值、社区活跃度等数值。
通过执行本实施例所述的费用重配逻辑，拼车过程的所有参与用户(包括拼车发起方和拼车参与方)均可在拼车系统内获得公平的支出或收益，提高了上述拼车系统的用户体验。
在又一示出的实施方式中，上述基于所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑的操作可以由部署在区块链上的智能合约完成，区块链上的任一节点设备，通过获取包括所述拼车发起方基于第一行程支付的第一拼车总费用的交易，和包括所述拼车参与方基于其第二行程而向所述拼车发起方支付的第二拼车费用的交易(如前所述，上述拼车发起方支付的第一拼车总费用和各拼车参与方支付的第二拼车费用可以放在一个交易中也可放在不同的交易中，在本说明书中不作限定)，调用与费用重配逻辑对应的智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的费用重配判断逻辑和执行逻辑，基于所述所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
智能合约所部署的逻辑是经区块链的节点共识验证后被部署上区块链的，相比于在拼车服务方的节点设备内部部署上述费用重配逻辑，智能合约执行费用重配逻辑的实施方式更加公平公正公开。本领域的技术人员应知，智能合约在任何时候应相应的交易而调用，大大提升拼车付费后收益重配执行的效率；且智能合约执行有着较低的人为干预、去中心化权威的优势，更加增加了收益重配行为的公平性。
相应的，本说明书还提供了上述拼车系统中，拼车发起方节点设备端执行的拼车方法，可以包括：
拼车发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括用以拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息；
接收所述拼车服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程信息；
向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息。
更优的，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述拼车参与方属于所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员。
更优的，上述方法还包括：接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
关于上述的拼车发起方的节点设备所执行的拼车方法的具体实施例的阐述和解释，已在上述拼车服务方的节点设备所执行的拼车方法的各个实施例中详细阐述，在此不再赘述。
与上述流程实现对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置。该装置可以通过软件实现，也可以通过硬件或者软硬件结合的方式实现。以软件实现为例，作为逻辑意义上的装置，是通过所在设备的CPU(Central Process Unit，中央处理器)将对应的计算机程序指令读取到内存中运行形成的。从硬件层面而言，除了图5所示的CPU、内存以及存储器之外，网络风险业务的实现装置所在的设备通常还包括用于进行无线信号收发的芯片等其他硬件，和/或用于实现网络通信功能的板卡等其他硬件。
图3所示为一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置应用于上述共享租赁服务方节点设备，包括：
获取单元302，获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
推送单元304，向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述共享租赁参与方属于所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述装置30还包括判断和执行单元306：
所述获取单元304，从所述区块链的分布式数据库获取所述共享租赁发起方基于所述目标共享资源支付的第一共享租赁总费用信息，和所述共享租赁参与方基于其租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而向所述共享租赁发起方支付的第二共享租赁费用信息；
所述判断及执行单元306，基于所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑；如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述判断和执行单元306：
调用与费用重配逻辑对应的智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的费用重配判断逻辑和执行逻辑，基于所述所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述判断和执行单元306：
计算所述共享租赁参与方支付的第二共享租赁费用的总和与所述第一共享租赁总费用的比值；
当所述比值超出预设的第一阈值时，执行对所述共享租赁发起方的收益重配逻辑；
当所述比值低于预设的第二阈值时，执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重配逻辑。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述执行对所述共享租赁发起方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
通知所述共享租赁发起方向所述共享租赁参与方支付差额费用，或增加所述至少一个共享租赁参与方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述至少一个共享租赁参与方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献；
所述执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
通知至少一个所述共享租赁参与方向所述共享租赁发起方支付差额费用，或增加所述共享租赁发起方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述共享租赁发起方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述差额费用包括货币、所述区块链流通的代币、所述共享租赁系统流通的所述特征值中的一种或多种。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述共享资源租赁装置应用于用户拼车系统，所述 共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端分别为拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端；所述拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端均为区块链的节点设备；所述目标共享资源的信息包括用以拼车的目标车辆信息和所述拼车发起方发起的用以拼车的第一行程信息。
相应的，图4提供了一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置40，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置应用于上述共享租赁发起方节点设备，包括：
发送单元402，向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
接收单元404，接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
所述发送单元402，向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
在又一示出的实施方式中，所述的装置40还包括：
费用接收单元406，接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；
费用支付单元408，基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
上述装置中各个单元的功能和作用的实现过程具体详见上述方法中对应步骤的实现过程，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可，在此不再赘述。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元或模块来实现本说明书方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
上述实施例阐明的装置、单元、模块，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机，计算机的具体形式可 以是个人计算机、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、相机电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件收发设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任意几种设备的组合。
与上述方法实施例相对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了一种计算机设备，该计算机设备包括存储器和处理器。其中，存储器上存储有能够由处理器运行的计算机程序；处理器在运行存储的计算机程序时，执行本说明书实施例中共享租赁服务方节点设备所执行的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的各个步骤。对上述基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的各个步骤的详细描述请参见之前的内容，不再重复。
与上述方法实施例相对应，本说明书的实施例还提供了一种计算机设备，该计算机设备包括存储器和处理器。其中，存储器上存储有能够由处理器运行的计算机程序；处理器在运行存储的计算机程序时，执行本说明书实施例中共享租赁发送方节点设备所执行的基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的各个步骤。对上述基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法的各个步骤的详细描述请参见之前的内容，不再重复。
以上所述仅为本说明书的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本说明书，凡在本说明书的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本说明书保护的范围之内。
在一个典型的配置中，计算设备包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。
计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带，磁带磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设 备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本领域技术人员应明白，本说明书的实施例可提供为方法、系统或计算机程序产品。因此，本说明书的实施例可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本说明书的实施例可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为区块链的节点设备；所述方法包括：
    共享租赁服务方的节点设备获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
    向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述共享租赁参与方属于所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，还包括：
    从所述区块链的分布式数据库获取所述共享租赁发起方基于所述目标共享资源支付的第一共享租赁总费用信息，和所述共享租赁参与方基于其租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而向所述共享租赁发起方支付的第二共享租赁费用信息；
    基于所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑；
    如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，基于所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑，包括：
    调用与费用重配逻辑对应的智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的费用重配判断逻辑和执行逻辑，基于所述所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，基于所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，包括：
    计算所述共享租赁参与方支付的第二共享租赁费用的总和与所述第一共享租赁总费用的比值；
    当所述比值超出预设的第一阈值时，执行对所述共享租赁发起方的收益重配逻辑；
    当所述比值低于预设的第二阈值时，执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重 配逻辑。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，所述执行对所述共享租赁发起方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
    通知所述共享租赁发起方向所述共享租赁参与方支付差额费用，或增加所述至少一个共享租赁参与方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述至少一个共享租赁参与方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献；
    所述执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
    通知至少一个所述共享租赁参与方向所述共享租赁发起方支付差额费用，或增加所述共享租赁发起方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述共享租赁发起方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，所述差额费用包括货币、所述区块链流通的代币、所述共享租赁系统流通的所述特征值中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述共享资源租赁方法应用于用户拼车系统，所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端分别为拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端；所述拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端均为区块链的节点设备；所述目标共享资源的信息包括用以拼车的目标车辆信息和所述拼车发起方发起的用以拼车的第一行程信息。
  9. 一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁方法，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
    共享租赁发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
    接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
    向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；
    基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
  11. 一种基于区块链的拼车方法，应用于包括拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端的拼车系统；所述拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
    拼车服务方的节点设备获取所述拼车发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括用以拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息；
    向所述拼车发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述拼车发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程的信息；所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息；所述第一行程包括所述第二行程。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述拼车参与方属于所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，还包括：
    从所述区块链的分布式数据库获取所述拼车发起方基于所述第一行程支付的第一拼车总费用信息，和所述拼车参与方基于其第二行程而向所述拼车发起方支付的第二拼车费用信息；
    基于所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑；
    如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，基于所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑，包括：
    调用与费用重配逻辑对应的智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的费用重配判断逻辑和执行逻辑，基于所述所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，基于所述第一拼车总费用和第二拼车费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，包括：
    计算所述拼车参与方支付的第二拼车费用的总和与所述第一拼车总费用的比值；
    当所述比值超出预设的第一阈值时，执行对所述拼车发起方的收益重配逻辑；
    当所述比值低于预设的第二阈值时，执行对至少一个所述拼车参与方的收益重配逻辑。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，所述执行对所述拼车发起方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
    通知所述拼车发起方向所述拼车参与方支付差额费用，或增加所述至少一个拼车参与方在所述拼车系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述至少一个拼车参与方对所述拼车系统的贡献；
    所述执行对至少一个所述拼车参与方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
    通知至少一个所述拼车参与方向所述拼车发起方支付差额费用，或增加所述拼车发起方在所述拼车系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述拼车发起方对所述拼车系统的贡献。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，所述差额费用包括货币、所述区块链流通的代币、所述拼车系统流通的所述特征值中的一种或多种。
  18. 一种基于区块链的拼车方法，应用于包括拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述方法包括：
    拼车发起方的节点设备向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括用以拼车的第一行程信息和所述拼车发起方的身份信息；
    接收所述拼车服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与拼车的第二行程信息；
    向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述拼车发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的拼车参与方的身份信息和所述拼车参与方参与拼车的第二行程信息。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述拼车参与方属于所述拼车发起方对应的用户组织成员。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；
    基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
  21. 一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置包括：
    获取单元，获取所述共享租赁发起方的节点设备发送的第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
    推送单元，向所述共享租赁发起方节点设备推送其他用户的应邀答复以使所述共享 租赁发起方向所述区块链发送第二交易；所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置，所述区块链的分布式数据库上备份有所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员信息；所述共享租赁参与方属于所述共享租赁发起方对应的用户组织成员。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的装置，所述装置还包括判断和执行单元：
    所述获取单元，从所述区块链的分布式数据库获取所述共享租赁发起方基于所述目标共享资源支付的第一共享租赁总费用信息，和所述共享租赁参与方基于其租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而向所述共享租赁发起方支付的第二共享租赁费用信息；
    所述判断及执行单元，基于所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑；如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，所述判断和执行单元进一步用于：
    调用与费用重配逻辑对应的智能合约，执行所述智能合约声明的费用重配判断逻辑和执行逻辑，基于所述所述第一共享租赁总费用和第二共享租赁费用，判断是否需执行费用重配逻辑，如果是，执行所述费用重配逻辑。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，所述判断和执行单元进一步用于：
    计算所述共享租赁参与方支付的第二共享租赁费用的总和与所述第一共享租赁总费用的比值；
    当所述比值超出预设的第一阈值时，执行对所述共享租赁发起方的收益重配逻辑；
    当所述比值低于预设的第二阈值时，执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重配逻辑。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，所述判断和执行单元进一步用于：
    通知所述共享租赁发起方向所述共享租赁参与方支付差额费用，或增加所述至少一个共享租赁参与方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述至少一个共享租赁参与方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献；
    所述执行对至少一个所述共享租赁参与方的收益重配逻辑，包括：
    通知至少一个所述共享租赁参与方向所述共享租赁发起方支付差额费用，或增加所述共享租赁发起方在所述共享租赁系统的特征值，所述特征值用以表征所述共享租赁发起方对所述共享租赁系统的贡献。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的装置，所述差额费用包括货币、所述区块链流通的代币、所述共享租赁系统流通的所述特征值中的一种或多种。
  28. 根据权利要求21所述的装置，所述共享资源租赁装置应用于用户拼车系统，所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端分别为拼车发起方、拼车参与方、和拼车服务方终端；所述拼车服务方终端、拼车发起方终端和拼车参与方终端均为区块链的节点设备；所述目标共享资源的信息包括用以拼车的目标车辆信息和所述拼车发起方发起的用以拼车的第一行程信息。
  29. 一种基于区块链的共享资源租赁装置，应用于包括共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端的共享租赁系统；所述共享租赁发起方、共享租赁参与方、和共享租赁服务方终端均为一区块链网络的节点设备；所述装置包括：
    发送单元，向所述区块链发送第一交易；所述第一交易包括目标共享资源的信息和所述共享租赁发起方的身份信息；
    接收单元，接收所述共享租赁服务方节点设备推送的其他用户的应邀答复，所述应邀答复包括其他用户期望参与共享租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息；
    所述发送单元，向所述区块链发送第二交易，所述第二交易包括所述共享租赁发起方节点设备基于所述应邀答复而确认的共享租赁参与方的身份信息和所述共享租赁参与方参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源的信息。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，还包括：
    费用接收单元，接收所述共享租赁参与方节点设备基于其参与租赁的至少部分目标共享资源而支付的第二共享租赁费用；
    费用支付单元，基于所述目标共享资源支付第一共享租赁总费用。
  31. 一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行如权利要求1到8任意一项所述的方法。
  32. 一种计算机设备，包括：存储器和处理器；所述存储器上存储有可由处理器运行的计算机程序；所述处理器运行所述计算机程序时，执行如权利要求9到10任意一项所述的方法。
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