WO2020099084A1 - Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer - Google Patents

Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020099084A1
WO2020099084A1 PCT/EP2019/078934 EP2019078934W WO2020099084A1 WO 2020099084 A1 WO2020099084 A1 WO 2020099084A1 EP 2019078934 W EP2019078934 W EP 2019078934W WO 2020099084 A1 WO2020099084 A1 WO 2020099084A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
condensation chamber
desalination plant
seawater desalination
water
plant according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/078934
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dietmar Wolter
Original Assignee
Dietmar Wolter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dietmar Wolter filed Critical Dietmar Wolter
Publication of WO2020099084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020099084A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a desalination plant.
  • Fresh water is scarce in many areas of the world, while sea water is abundant.
  • Plants for the desalination of sea water are known in different variants, DE 10 2006 002 314 B3, DE 199 48 512 Al, DE 100 49 916 Al, DE 43 21 050 Al, DE 38 29 464 Al.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a system for salting seawater, which he can set up and operate with little effort. Based on the prior art mentioned, the object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.
  • the system according to the invention comprises an evaporation device for generating water vapor from sea water.
  • a condensation chamber is connected to the evaporation device so that water vapor from the evaporation device can be passed into the condensation chambers.
  • the condensation chamber is equipped with a spray device to spray water into the interior of the condensation chamber.
  • the invention has recognized that the condensation of water vapor in the condensation chamber can be promoted by spraying water.
  • water vapor is used in the context of the invention in a general form, so that a mixture of air and water vapor and air with a high moisture content are also included. Without wishing to be bound by it, it is believed that the water sprayed is effective in two ways.
  • a cooling effect can be brought about by the sprayed water, by means of which the temperature in the condensation chamber is reduced.
  • droplets of the sprayed water can form crystallization points for the condensation of the water vapor. A condition is thus created in the condensation chamber by which the formation of condensed water from water vapor is promoted.
  • the condensation chamber is preferably separated from the surroundings at least upwards and on at least two sides. This can prevent water vapor, which is generally lighter than air, from escaping too easily.
  • the condensation chamber is separated from the environment all around and is only equipped with supply lines and / or discharge lines for the water vapor, the condensed water and / or the spraying device.
  • the condensation chamber can be of simple construction.
  • it can be a frame, in particular a Holzge stell, which stretches the base body of the condensation chamber.
  • the surfaces of the condensation chamber can be covered, in particular covered with a film.
  • the film can be connected to the frame, for example, by staples that are processed with a staple gun.
  • the seams between adjacent foils and / or the connections for the supply lines / discharge lines can be glued in order to seal the interior of the condensation chamber in a gas-tight manner. With little loss in efficiency, it can also be accepted if the condensation chamber is not gas-tight.
  • An essential advantage of such a condensation chamber is considered within the scope of the invention that the manufacture is simple and can be carried out with means that are available almost everywhere.
  • the spray device can comprise a plurality of nozzles directed into the interior of the condensation chamber.
  • the nozzles can be arranged so that the sprayed water is distributed evenly over the interior of the condensation chamber.
  • the nozzles can be arranged in an upper section of the condensation chamber, so that the sprayed water can sink down under the influence of gravity in the condensation chamber.
  • the condensation chamber can be equipped with a cooling device in order to promote the dissipation of heat which is released during the condensation.
  • the cooling device can comprise a line which is guided through the interior of the condensation chamber and preferably extends in one or more turns.
  • the line can be connected to a source for a cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is sea water.
  • the cooling device may include a pump to pump sea water from the sea to the condensation chamber. In order to improve the cooling effect, the sea water can be pumped from a depth of at least 10 m, preferably from at least 20 m. At these depths, the temperature of the sea water is generally lower than on the surface.
  • the condensation chamber can be equipped with condensation elements in order to promote the condensation.
  • the condensation elements can have a rough or structured surface. It has been shown that condensation drops preferentially deposit on such surfaces.
  • the condensation elements can be arranged in the interior and / or on walls of the condensation chamber.
  • the condensation element in the condensation chamber can consist of felt. The surface of felt is particularly suitable to promote the condensation of water vapor.
  • the evaporation device can comprise a tread over which the sea water to be evaporated is passed.
  • the tread is arranged with an incline so that the sea water flows over the tread under the influence of gravity.
  • the tread can be designed so that a small amount of water is distributed over a large area.
  • the tread may have the shape of one or more inclined planes over which the sea water is distributed over a large area. Water vapor generated on the tread can rise upwards.
  • the tread is formed in a hose line through which the sea water flows. Openings can be formed in an upper section of the hose line through which the water vapor generated inside the hose line can escape upwards.
  • the hose line is laid in one or more turns.
  • a spiral arrangement of the hose line is also possible.
  • the evaporation device can be designed in such a way that the sunlight can act thermally on the tread and on the ordered sea water.
  • the tread or the pipe in which the tread is formed is made of a black or dark material. This means that a larger part of the thermal energy of sunlight can be used than with a light material.
  • the evaporation device can be arranged on a black or dark surface, so that there is an increased temperature even in the immediate vicinity of the running surface.
  • a transparent film can be arranged above the tread, through which the sun light passes before it hits the tread.
  • the temperature on the tread can be increased in this way in the manner of a greenhouse.
  • the tread with the film is an element of an all-round closed structure in cross-section.
  • outlet openings can be provided. The outlet openings can point upwards and / or to the side.
  • the evaporation device may include a pump to pump sea water to the tread.
  • the pump is preferably arranged so that it sucks in surface water from a depth of no more than 3 m, preferably no more than 1 m.
  • the surface water is usually at a higher temperature than the water in deeper layers, so that less energy has to be applied to evaporate.
  • a vacuum pump can be connected to an interior of the evaporation device for this purpose. With the vacuum pump, the water vapor generated can be sucked in at the same time.
  • the evaporation device can have a hood under which evaporated water collects on the tread.
  • the hood can be arranged above the tread so that water vapor rising from the tread is prevented from rising further.
  • the hood is arranged on the side of the tread. This is particularly useful if the running surface is an element of a structure that is closed at the top.
  • the structure can be provided with outlet openings which point to the side so that the water vapor can be directed to the hood.
  • the water vapor collected under the hood can be directed to the condensation device.
  • the seawater desalination plant according to the invention can comprise a connecting line which extends between the evaporation device and the condensation device.
  • the seawater desalination plant according to the invention comprises components that consume energy during operation, such as pumps. Renewable energy is preferably used to operate these pumps.
  • the seawater desalination plant comprises a wind energy plant, the wind energy plant preferably having a rotor with a vertical axis. Such a wind turbine has the advantage of lower noise.
  • the regenerative energy can be converted into electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy can be used to drive the relevant components of the desalination plant.
  • the seawater desalination plant can include an energy store, in particular in the form of a battery.
  • the excess electrical energy can be stored temporarily in the energy store, so that energy can be taken from the energy store at later times in order to bring the sea water desalination plant in Keep running.
  • a further possibility of increasing the efficiency of the seawater desalination plant according to the invention can be a parabolic mirror with which the sunlight is directed to those sections of the evaporation device in which the seawater evaporates.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an inventive
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of an inventive
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an evaporation device according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 a detail of the evaporation device from FIG. 5 in an enlarged representation
  • Fig. 7-9 a detail from Fig. 5 in various embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 10 schematic representation of a condensation device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 the condensation chambers from FIG. 11 in a longitudinal section
  • FIG. 13-15 the view according to FIG. 12 in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • a sea water desalination plant according to FIG. 1 comprises an evaporation device 14 and a condensation device 15.
  • sea water is passed over a tread 16 shown schematically in FIG. 1, whereby part of the sea water evaporates.
  • the resulting water vapor which is lighter than air, rises and collects under a hood 17 of the evaporation device
  • the water vapor collected under the hood 17 is passed through the connecting line 18 to a condensation chamber 19 of the condensation device.
  • the water vapor is condensed in the condensation chamber 19.
  • the resulting water is collected in a collecting container 20.
  • the fresh water collected in the collecting container 20 can be used, for example, for human needs or for irrigating fields.
  • evaporation device 14 of a sea water desalination plant is shown, which is arranged near the sea coast. Via a hose 21 and a pump 22 sea water is drawn in and transported to the evaporation device 14. Sea water is surface water that has a higher temperature than the water in deeper layers due to solar radiation.
  • the hose 21 opens in Fig. 3 above a tread 16 of the evaporation device 14.
  • the tread 16 is a ge inclined plane made of a dark material.
  • the tread 16, the inclination of which is exaggerated in FIG. 3, is oriented in the direction of the main direction of irradiation of the sun.
  • the sea water emerges from the hose 21 and is conducted such that it is distributed over the tread 16 over a large area.
  • part of the sea water evaporates.
  • the rising water vapor collects under the hood 17.
  • the rest of the sea water, which has an increased salt content, runs off at the lower end of the tread 16 and is conducted back into the sea.
  • the tread 16 is made of a folded sheet and the hood 17 is made of corrugated sheet.
  • the folded sheet and the corrugated sheet are examples of flat material thickness that are widespread and available at low cost.
  • a hose line 23 is arranged in a plurality of turns on a dark surface 24.
  • the dark surface 24 can be, for example, a black film.
  • Hose line 23 can also consist of a black plastic material. Via an inlet end 26, sea water is introduced into the hose 23. The sea water flows under the influence of gravity to an outlet end 25, whereby part of the sea water evaporates. 6 is at its upper end with outlet openings 26 provided, through which the resulting water vapor can escape upwards. The lower section of the hose line 23 forms the running surface 16, on which the sea water moves within the evaporation device 14.
  • hose line 23 in cross section.
  • the hose line is wide in the lower section and narrows towards the top.
  • the water flowing on the tread 16 is distributed over a larger area, so that a larger amount of water vapor can be generated.
  • the water vapor emerges through outlet openings 26 at the upper end of the hose connection 23.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a hose 23 in which only the lower section 27 consists of black plastic material.
  • the channel formed by the base material is covered at the top with a transparent film 28.
  • Sunlight can thus enter the interior of the hose 23, which increases the temperature in the manner of a hothouse and increases the amount of water vapor generated.
  • the outlet openings 26 are arranged in the transparent film 28.
  • the transparent film 28 has no outlet openings, but the interior of the hose line 23 is sealed off at the top. From the openings 26 are aligned to the side and open below a hood 17 which is connected directly to the lower portion 27 of the hose 23.
  • a hood separate from the hose line 20 is not required.
  • a condensation device 15 of an inven tional sea water desalination plant is arranged, which is just if arranged adjacent to the sea coast.
  • sea water is sucked in from a depth of about 25 m, which is significantly cooler than the surface water.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a condensation chamber 19 of the condensation device 15.
  • the structure of the condensation chamber 19 is spanned by struts 31 made of wood.
  • the surfaces enclosed between the struts 31 are covered with a film 32 made of a light material.
  • the interior of the condensation chamber 19 is separated from the surroundings by the film 32 all around.
  • a spray device 33 is equipped with a plurality of nozzles 34 which protrude into the interior of the condensation chamber 19.
  • the spray device 33 is connected via a feed line 35 to a supply of fresh water, not shown.
  • the fresh water is sprayed into the interior of the condensation chamber 19 in a finely atomized form and leads there on the one hand to cooling and on the other hand forms crystallization points for the condensation of the water vapor.
  • the condensed water collects at the bottom of the condensation chamber 19 and is passed through a drain 36 into the collecting container 20.
  • a cooling line 37 extends through the interior of the condensation chamber 19.
  • the cooling line 37 is supplied by the pump 29 with cool sea water and in this way helps to lower the temperature in the interior of the condensation chamber 19.
  • condensation element 38 in the interior of the condensation chamber 19 38 arranged.
  • the condensation element 38 is a plastic block with a structured surface. It has been shown that such a condensation element 38 promotes the condensation of water in the condensation chamber 19. 15, the condensation element 38 is made of felt. The felt material and the surface structure thus formed are also suitable to support the condensation of water.
  • FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment of a condensation chamber 19 according to the invention.
  • the interior of the condensation chamber 19 is enclosed by a tube 39, which has a circular cross section.
  • the spray device 33 has nozzles 34 which extend through the wall of the tube 39 into the interior of the condensation chamber 19.
  • a cooling line 37 which corresponds in its function to the cooling line from FIG. 11, is arranged coaxially to the tube 39 in the interior of the condensation chamber 19.
  • the tube 39 may be arranged to have a steady slope from an upper end to a lower end.
  • the cool sea water supplied to the cooling pipe 37 above can flow to the lower end of the pipe 39 under the influence of gravity.
  • the water condensed in the condensation chamber 19 can also go to the lower end of the tube
  • the seawater desalination plant according to the invention can be constructed from elements and components that are accessible anywhere in the world without difficulty.
  • the plant is set up with little effort. No special technical expertise is required in operation either.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer, comprenant un dispositif d'évaporation servant à produire de la vapeur d'eau à partir d'eau de mer et une chambre de condensation (19) à laquelle est raccordé le dispositif d'évaporation (14) de sorte que la vapeur d'eau provenant du dispositif d'évaporation (14) puisse être conduite dans la chambre de condensation (19). La chambre de condensation (19) est équipée d'un dispositif de pulvérisation (33) pour pulvériser de l'eau à l'intérieur de la chambre de condensation (19).
PCT/EP2019/078934 2018-10-29 2019-10-23 Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer WO2020099084A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202018106170.4 2018-10-29
DE202018106170.4U DE202018106170U1 (de) 2018-10-29 2018-10-29 Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020099084A1 true WO2020099084A1 (fr) 2020-05-22

Family

ID=68387311

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/078934 WO2020099084A1 (fr) 2018-10-29 2019-10-23 Installation de dessalement d'eau de mer

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE202018106170U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020099084A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3829464A1 (de) 1988-08-31 1990-03-01 Ist Energietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur solaren frischwassergewinnung
DE4321050A1 (de) 1993-06-24 1995-01-05 Gregor Sfintitchi Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Meereswasserentsalzung unter Einsatz natürlicher Energieträger, insbesondere Sonne und Wind
DE19948512A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2001-04-26 Seidler Karl Heinz Meerwasser-Entsalzungsanlage
DE10049916A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2002-12-19 Mourtada Bsata Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
US20060000355A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2006-01-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Apparatus for generating freshwater
DE102006002314B3 (de) 2006-01-17 2007-03-01 Raduan Mourtada Bsata Einrichtung zur thermischen Meerwasserentsalzung
DE102009007193A1 (de) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-05 Alstom Technology Ltd. Verfahren und Anordnung zum Reinigen salzhaltigen Wassers mittels heisser Abgase
US20170233264A1 (en) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-17 David Bradley Boylan Desalination system for the production of potable water

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3829464A1 (de) 1988-08-31 1990-03-01 Ist Energietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur solaren frischwassergewinnung
DE4321050A1 (de) 1993-06-24 1995-01-05 Gregor Sfintitchi Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Meereswasserentsalzung unter Einsatz natürlicher Energieträger, insbesondere Sonne und Wind
DE19948512A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2001-04-26 Seidler Karl Heinz Meerwasser-Entsalzungsanlage
DE10049916A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2002-12-19 Mourtada Bsata Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
US20060000355A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2006-01-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Apparatus for generating freshwater
DE102006002314B3 (de) 2006-01-17 2007-03-01 Raduan Mourtada Bsata Einrichtung zur thermischen Meerwasserentsalzung
DE102009007193A1 (de) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-05 Alstom Technology Ltd. Verfahren und Anordnung zum Reinigen salzhaltigen Wassers mittels heisser Abgase
US20170233264A1 (en) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-17 David Bradley Boylan Desalination system for the production of potable water

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Publication number Publication date
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