WO2020093560A1 - 一种基于原位生成c-s-h强化再生集料的装置与方法 - Google Patents
一种基于原位生成c-s-h强化再生集料的装置与方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020093560A1 WO2020093560A1 PCT/CN2018/124119 CN2018124119W WO2020093560A1 WO 2020093560 A1 WO2020093560 A1 WO 2020093560A1 CN 2018124119 W CN2018124119 W CN 2018124119W WO 2020093560 A1 WO2020093560 A1 WO 2020093560A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/12—Multiple coating or impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
- C04B18/167—Recycled materials, i.e. waste materials reused in the production of the same materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/08—Parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of concrete aggregate regeneration, in particular to a device and method for generating C-S-H reinforced recycled aggregates in situ.
- the external force of the machine in this process reduces the particle size of recycled aggregates gradually, natural aggregates and The wrapped cement mortar gradually separated, but the recycled aggregate caused damage accumulation after a multi-layer process, there were a large number of fine cracks inside the aggregate, the adhesion between the original aggregate and the cementitious material decreased, and the interface transition The intensity of the zone decreases.
- the recycled aggregate after crushing still contains high cement mortar and the micro-cracks formed during the crushing process not only reduce the strength of the aggregate, but also make the recycled aggregate have high porosity, high water absorption rate, fast water absorption rate, etc. Features. These will have a great adverse effect on the working performance, mechanical properties and durability of recycled concrete.
- the present invention provides a device and method for generating C-S-H reinforced recycled aggregates in situ.
- the technical solutions of the present invention are:
- a device for generating CSH-enhanced recycled aggregate based on in-situ includes a first warehouse, a second warehouse, a third warehouse and a blast drying device, the first warehouse, the second warehouse and the third warehouse
- the chambers are all sealed chambers
- the top of the third compartment is provided with a spray structure, and the first and second compartments are connected to the spray structure by a pump, and the lower end of the spray structure is provided with a loading box, the loading box
- the walls are all hollowed out, the hollowed hole diameter is smaller than the particle size of the recycled aggregate, a certain gap is left between the bottom of the loading box and the bottom of the third compartment, and the bottom of the third compartment is provided with at least one row Liquid port
- the blast drying device is connected to the lower end of the third compartment, and the upper end of the third compartment is provided with a cover.
- the first compartment is used to contain calcium hydroxide solution
- the second compartment is used to contain the mixed solution of TEOS, water and absolute ethanol
- the third compartment is provided with a loading box, and the loading box is used to hold Handle recycled aggregates.
- the calcium hydroxide solution and the mixed solution (the mixed solution of TEOS, water and absolute ethanol) are pumped into the spray structure on the top of the third chamber for spraying, and the regenerated aggregate is sprayed and soaked.
- TEOS is hydrolyzed into silica sol with pozzolanic activity in water and can react with calcium hydroxide at a certain depth Hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) with gelability is formed in the gaps in the range, filling the internal voids of the reclaimed aggregate and repairing various micro cracks.
- CSH Hydrated calcium silicate
- the walls of the loading box are hollowed out, on the one hand, it is convenient for the spray liquid to spray and soak the regenerated aggregate, on the other hand, after the soaking is completed, the solution in the loading box is easy to be discharged. A certain gap is left between the bottom of the loading box and the bottom of the third chamber, so that the liquid in the loading box is completely discharged. At this time, when the blower drying device is turned on to dry the aggregate, it is easy to increase the degree of drying.
- the spray structure is provided with several spray heads, and the spray area of the spray head evenly covers the cross section of the loading box.
- two gas distributors are provided between the blast drying device and the third compartment, and the two gas distributors are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the third compartment.
- the blast drying device feeds the drying air into the third chamber symmetrically, which is more conducive to the uniform drying of the recycled aggregates.
- the device for generating C-S-H enhanced and recycled aggregates based on in-situ further includes a vacuum negative pressure device, and the vacuum negative pressure device communicates with the third chamber.
- connection points are provided between the third chamber and the vacuum negative pressure device, and the two connection points are arranged symmetrically with respect to the third chamber.
- the symmetrical arrangement of the connection points makes it easier for the third chamber to achieve a vacuum negative pressure state, accelerate the penetration of the solution into the interior of the recycled aggregate, improve the strengthening effect of the recycled aggregate, and shorten the processing time of the recycled aggregate.
- the number of the liquid discharge ports is two, which are respectively connected to the first chamber and the second chamber. It is used to recycle and reuse the solution after soaking.
- a method for generating C-S-H reinforced recycled aggregates based on in situ includes the following steps:
- the mixed solution of absolute ethanol, water and ethyl orthosilicate is sent to the spray device of the third compartment, and is evenly sprayed on the reclaimed aggregate through the spray device. After spraying and soaking for a set time, the The mixed liquid is discharged, and the blower drying device is turned on to dry the recycled aggregates;
- the calcium hydroxide solution is delivered to the spray device of the third compartment, and is evenly sprayed on the regenerated aggregate through the spray device. After spraying and soaking for a set time, the solution is discharged and the blower drying device is turned on , Drying the recycled aggregates.
- the molar ratio of absolute ethanol, water and ethyl orthosilicate is 3.5-4.5: 1: 2.5-3.5.
- the soaking time is 10-20 hours.
- the calcium hydroxide solution is a saturated calcium hydroxide solution
- its preparation method is: preparing a saturated calcium hydroxide solution and causing the calcium hydroxide to precipitate out slightly.
- the regeneration aggregate is immersed in the calcium hydroxide solution for 10-20 hours.
- the nano-silicon precursor TEOS has a small monomer structure and a low consistency. Under vacuum driving, it can easily penetrate into the recycled aggregate and hydrolyze into pozzolan active silica sol , It can react with calcium hydroxide to form gelated hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) in the voids of a certain depth range, fill the internal voids of the recycled aggregate, repair various micro cracks, and improve the external surface of the recycled aggregate Compactness, improve the strength of recycled aggregates, reduce the water absorption of recycled aggregates, thereby improving the utilization rate of construction waste, and improve the performance of recycled concrete. Different from other external treatments such as mortar wrapping method for recycled aggregates, it avoids the defects of poor adhesion or hollow drum peeling that may occur in external treatment.
- CSH gelated hydrated calcium silicate
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a regenerative aggregate device of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a photograph of the recycled aggregate after treatment in the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a photograph of the product in the void after the recycled aggregate treatment
- Figure 4 is the crushing value test of recycled aggregates
- Figure 5 is a graph of water absorption of recycled aggregates
- Figure 6 is a graph of the crushing value of recycled aggregates
- Figure 7 is a photograph of the recycled aggregate after crushing.
- This embodiment is equipped with a large-scale reinforced and recycled aggregate based on the in-situ generated CSH method for factory use.
- the present invention can collect and recycle aggregates. It has multiple functions such as cleaning, strengthening of recycled aggregates and drying of recycled aggregates. After processing, recycled aggregates can be used directly, and the strength and water absorption can be kept stable for a long time.
- the reclaimed aggregate processing device is mainly composed of a first chamber 11, a second chamber 6, a third chamber 3, a vacuum negative pressure device 1, a solution spraying device 4, a regenerated aggregate loading box 9, and a blast drying device 7.
- first compartment 11, the second compartment 6, and the third compartment 3 communicate with each other, and there are multiple valves as shown in FIG. 1 between the compartments, including valve A2, valve B5, valve D8, and valve C10
- valve A2 the size and volume of each compartment are not limited, but all need to meet high sealing performance and can be used to store solutions.
- the first chamber 11 is a calcium hydroxide solution storage chamber, which is connected to the third chamber 3, and a valve A2 and a valve C10 are provided on the communication pipe, which can transport the calcium hydroxide solution to the third chamber 3, or The solution in the third compartment 3 is recycled for recycling, and the first compartment 11 can also be used to prepare or replace the calcium hydroxide solution;
- the second compartment 6 is a mixed liquid storage room, which is used to store anhydrous ethanol, water and positive For the mixed liquid of ethyl silicate, the second chamber 6 is connected to the third chamber 3, and the communication pipe is provided with a valve B5 and a valve D8.
- the mixed liquid can be transported to the third chamber 3 or the third chamber
- the solution in the chamber 3 is recovered and recycled, and the second chamber 6 can also realize the preparation or replacement of a mixed solution (a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol, water, and ethyl orthosilicate).
- the third compartment 3 is the main enhanced treatment place for the recycled aggregate.
- the recycled aggregate to be processed in the third compartment 3 in turn completes the immersion of the mixed liquid (mixed liquid of anhydrous ethanol, water and ethyl orthosilicate), Soaking and drying of calcium hydroxide solution.
- Vacuum negative pressure device It is installed outside the third chamber 3, and evacuation ports are symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the third chamber 3.
- the vacuum negative pressure device is connected to the vacuum port to pump the inside of the third chamber 3 vacuum.
- the symmetrical setting of the vacuum port can make the third chamber 3 easier to realize the vacuum negative pressure state, accelerate the penetration of the solution into the interior of the recycled aggregate, improve the strengthening effect of the recycled aggregate, and reduce the processing time of the recycled aggregate.
- Solution spraying device located above the third compartment 3, above and with the spray area completely covering the reclaimed aggregate loading box, the solution in the first compartment 11 or the second compartment 6 can be evenly sprayed to make the aggregates sufficient Ground, completely soaked.
- Recycled Aggregate Loading Box 9 It is a cuboid with no cover and can hold the recycled aggregates to be processed.
- the recycled aggregate loading box 9 is hollowed out around, but the size of the hollow is smaller than the particle size of the recycled aggregates.
- the bottom of the reclaimed aggregate loading box 9 is slightly higher than the bottom surface of the third compartment 3, to ensure that the solution is sprayed so that the regenerated aggregate is fully immersed. The excess solution can be collected and flowed back to the first compartment 11 through the valve C10 (or valve D8) (Or second compartment 6).
- Blast drying device It is installed at the lower position of the third chamber 3, and it is connected to the side wall of the third chamber 3 through two connection points, and the two connection points are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the third chamber 3. It is easier to dry the recycled aggregate in the third chamber 3.
- the regenerated aggregates that have been crushed by the machine are sieved with square hole sieves with different particle sizes, and 9.5-13.2 grade aggregates are selected for subsequent experiments.
- the novel regenerated aggregate strengthening method provided by the present invention can effectively penetrate into the interior of the aggregate, and the CSH generated by the reaction can fill the micro-cracks and voids inside the regenerated aggregate, thereby improving the density of the surface of the regenerated aggregate Degree, reduce the porosity of recycled aggregates, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the water absorption of recycled aggregates and improve the strength of recycled aggregates.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置及方法，装置包括第一仓室（11）、第二仓室（6）、第三仓室（3）和鼓风干燥装置（7），所述第一仓室（11）、第二仓室（6）和第三仓室（3）均为密封腔室；所述第三仓室（3）的顶部设置有喷淋结构（4），第一仓室（11）和第二仓室（6）均通过泵与所述喷淋结构（4）连接，喷淋结构（4）的下端设置有装载箱体（9），所述装载箱体（9）的壁的四周均为镂空设置，装载箱体（9）的底部与第三仓室（3）的底部之间留有一定间隙，第三仓室（3）的底部设置有至少一个排液口；所述鼓风干燥装置（7）与所述第三仓室（3）的下端连接，第三仓室（3）的上端设置有盖体。第一仓室（11）中用于盛装氢氧化钙溶液，第二仓室（6）中用于盛装TEOS、水及无水乙醇的混合溶液，第三仓室（3）中设置装载箱体（9），装载箱体（9）中用于盛装待再生集料。
Description
本发明涉及混凝土集料再生技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置与方法。
近年来我国社会不断进步，科技和经济高速发展，国家大力发展基础建设，各级公路里程数及民用建筑数量快速增加。其中混凝土作为一种承载能力大，性能优异的建筑材料广泛的应用于土木与交通行业，据统计我国2017年消耗的商品砼接近20亿立方。而作为制备混凝土的重要原材料，天然砂石是一种不可再生资源，此前由于其来源广泛，价格低廉而被肆意开采随意浪费，现今质量较优的天然砂石日益快速减少。但是在未来社会的发展中各行业对于混凝土的需求量及优质天然砂石的消耗仍然十分巨大，这使得我们需要寻求一些新的材料替代天然砂石，以节约保护资源。另一方面在城市化进程中，我国大约平均每年拆除的废旧建筑物有2亿平方米，产生4亿吨左右的建筑垃圾，占城市建筑垃圾总量的30％-40％，这其中50％-60％是废弃混凝土。这建筑垃圾绝大部分未经处理，直接运往郊外或乡村采用露天堆放或填埋的方式进行处理，耗用大量的土地资源并产生较高的费用，同时造成了严重的环境污染，破坏生态环境。考虑废旧砖石、混凝土具有较高的强度，如若经过适当的方式加以处理后替代混凝土生产中的部分集料，不但解决了建筑垃圾处理的难题，同时也可以节约资源，符合可持续发展战略。
因此国内外许多学者对于再生集料进行了深入的试验研究。尤其是以建筑废料生产再生骨料制备再生混凝土技术，具有巨大的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益，是世界各国共同关心的课题。上世纪50年代，前苏联和德国就相继开展了再生混凝土技术的研究。1976年，国际材料与结构研究及测试试验联合会RILEM成立了“混凝土拆除和再生利用委员会”TC-37-DRC，开始研究废料的处理和再利用，并且于1982年在哥本哈根召开了以再生集料生产再生混凝土为主题的会议。日本是世界上最早开始再生循环利用废旧混凝土的国家，制定了很多法律法规，并建立处理建筑垃圾的工厂，用以确保建筑垃圾的回收利用，对建筑垃圾的再生利用率已达到70％左右。美国、荷兰、丹麦等国家对于再生混凝土的研究同样十分重视，颁布了相关的法律法规。相对于一些发达国家来说，我国由于天然砂资源充足，所以对再生混凝土的研究起步较晚，但是也取得了很多成就，国内很多专家学者对改善再生混凝土的物理性能、力学性能、结构性能等做了大量的研究。
目前，国内的相关研究热点主要集中在再生混凝土的性能方面，而针对再生集料研究较少。但是再生集料的性能密切影响再生混凝土的性能，由于再生集料来源广泛，质量差异较大，直接使用导致再生混凝土的离散性较大。其次，用旧混凝土或砖混建筑废弃物来生产再生集料时，常规采用大型机械破碎的方法，虽然在这过程中机械的外力作用使再生集料的粒径逐渐减小，天然集料与包裹的水泥砂浆逐渐分离，但是再生集料经过多层处理工序后造成了损伤积累，集料内部存在大量的微细裂缝，原有的集料与胶凝材料之间的粘结力下降，界面过渡区的强度降低。此外，破碎后的再生集料中仍然含有较高的水泥砂浆以及破碎过程中形成的微裂纹不但降低了集料的强度，而且使再生集料具有孔隙率高、吸水率大、吸水速度快等特点。这些对于再生混凝土的工作性能，力学性能和耐久性能都会产生较大不利影响。
发明内容
针对再生集料差异性大、强度较低以及吸水率大的问题，本发明提供一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置及方法。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：
一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置，包括第一仓室、第二仓室、第三仓室和鼓风干燥装置，所述第一仓室、第二仓室和第三仓室均为密封腔室；
所述第三仓室的顶部设置有喷淋结构，第一仓室和第二仓室均通过泵与所述喷淋结构连接，喷淋结构的下端设置有装载箱体，所述装载箱体的壁的四周均为镂空设置，镂空的孔径小于再生集料的粒径，装载箱体的底部与第三仓室的底部之间留有一定间隙，第三仓室的底部设置有至少一个排液口；
所述鼓风干燥装置与所述第三仓室的下端连接，第三仓室的上端设置有盖体。
第一仓室中用于盛装氢氧化钙溶液，第二仓室中用于盛装TEOS、水和无水乙醇的混合溶液，第三仓室中设置装载箱体，装载箱体中用于盛装待处理再生集料。氢氧化钙溶液和混合溶(TEOS、水和无水乙醇的混合液)分别用泵泵入第三仓室顶部的喷淋结构进行喷淋，对待再生集料进行喷淋浸泡处理。TEOS、水和无水乙醇的混合溶液被再生集料吸收后，在再生集料的内部空隙中，TEOS遇水水解成具有火山灰活性的二氧化硅溶胶，能够与氢氧化钙反应可以在一定深度范围的空隙中生成具有胶凝性的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)，填充再生集料的内部空隙，修补各种微裂缝。装载箱体的壁四周镂空，一方面方便喷淋液对再生集料喷淋浸泡，另一方面，浸泡完成后，使装载箱体内的溶液容易排放干净。装载箱体的底部与第三仓室的底部之间留有一定间隙，便于将装载箱体内的液体完全放出，此时再开启鼓风干燥装置对集料进行干燥时，容易提高干燥的程度。
优选的，所述喷淋结构上设置有若干个喷淋头，喷淋头的喷淋区域均匀覆盖装载箱体的横截面。
优选的，所述鼓风干燥装置与第三仓室之间设置有两个气体分布器，两个气体分布器对称设置于第三仓室的两侧。鼓风干燥装置对称地向第三仓室中通入干燥风，更有利于实现再生集料的均匀干燥。
优选的，所述基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置还包括真空负压装置，真空负压装置与所述第三仓室连通。
进一步优选的，所述第三仓室与真空负压装置之间设置有两个连接点，两个连接点相对于第三仓室对称设置。连接点的对称布置可以使第三仓室更容易实现真空负压状态，加速溶液渗透至再生集料内部，提高再生集料的强化效果，缩短再生集料的处理时间。
优选的，所述排液口的数量为2个，分别与所述第一仓室和第二仓室连接。用于将喷淋浸泡后的溶液进行回收再利用。
一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的方法，包括如下步骤：
1)清除再生集料表面的污泥；
2)将清理后的再生集料装于装载箱体中，并将装载箱体放置于第三仓室中；
3)开启鼓风干燥装置，将第三仓室中的再生集料烘干后关闭鼓风干燥装置，然后开启真空负压装置，将第三仓室抽真空；
4)将无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的混合液输送至第三仓室的喷淋装置，并通过喷淋装置均匀喷洒在再生集料上，喷淋、浸泡设定时间后，将混合液排出，并开启鼓风干燥装置，将再生集料烘干；
5)开启真空负压装置，将第三仓室抽真空；
6)将氢氧化钙溶液输送至第三仓室的喷淋装置，并通过喷淋装置均匀喷洒在再生集料上，喷淋、浸泡设定时间后，将溶液排出，并开启鼓风干燥装置，将再生集料烘干。
优选的，步骤4)中，无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为3.5-4.5:1:2.5-3.5。
优选的，步骤4)中，浸泡时间为10-20h。
优选的，步骤6)中，所述氢氧化钙溶液为饱和氢氧化钙溶液，其制备方法为：配制饱和氢氧化钙溶液，并使氢氧化钙略有析出。
进一步优选的，再生集料在氢氧化钙溶液中浸泡的时间为10-20h。
本发明的有益效果为：
由于纳米硅前驱体正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)具有较小的单体结构，并且稠度较低，在真空驱动下，可以轻松渗入再生集料内部，并水解成具有火山灰活性的二氧化硅溶胶，能够与 氢氧化钙反应可以在一定深度范围的空隙中生成具有胶凝性的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)，填充再生集料的内部空隙，修补各种微裂缝，提高再生集料外部表面的密实度，提高再生集料的强度，降低再生集料的吸水率，从而提高建筑垃圾的利用率，并且改善再生混凝土的性能。不同于其他如砂浆包裹法对再生集料进行外部处理，避免了外部处理可能出现的粘结较差或空鼓脱落等缺陷。
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为本发明的再生集料装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明处理后的再生集料的照片；
图3为再生集料处理后空隙内生成物的照片；
图4为再生集料的压碎值试验；
图5为再生集料的吸水率图表；
图6为再生集料的压碎值图表；
图7为再生集料压碎后照片。
其中，1、真空负压装置，2、阀门A，3、第三仓室，4、溶液喷洒装置，5、阀门B，6、第二仓室，7、鼓风干燥装置，8、阀门D，9、再生集料装载箱，10、阀门C，11、第一仓室。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例1
本实施例具备工厂化使用新型基于原位生成C-S-H方法大批量强化再生集料，如图1工厂化基于原位生成C-S-H大批量强化再生集料装置图所示，本发明能够集再生集料的清洗、再生集料强化以及再生集料的干燥等多种功能于一体，再生集料经过处理后便可以直接使用，并且可以长时间保持强度以及吸水率稳定。再生集料处理装置主要由第一仓室11、第二仓室6、第三仓室3、真空负压装置1、溶液喷洒装置4、再生集料装载箱9以及鼓风 干燥装置7组成。
其中第一仓室11、第二仓室6、第三仓室3之间相互连通，仓室之间设有如图1所示的多个阀门，包括阀门A2、阀门B5、阀门D8和阀门C10，每个仓室的尺寸及体积均不受限制，但均需满足具有很高的密封性能，可以用来储藏溶液。第一仓室11为氢氧化钙溶液储藏室，与第三仓室3连接，连通管道上设有阀门A2与阀门C10，可以将氢氧化钙溶液运送至第三仓室3，也可以将在第三仓室3中的溶液回收进行循环利用，第一仓室11也可以实现氢氧化钙溶液的配制或者更换；第二仓室6为混合液储藏室，用于储藏无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的混合液，第二仓室6与第三仓室3连接，连通管道上设有阀门B5和阀门D8，可以将混合液运送至第三仓室3中，也可以对第三仓室3中的溶液进行回收循环利用，第二仓室6也可以实现混合液(无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的混合液)的配制或者更换。第三仓室3是再生集料的主要强化处理场所，待处理的再生集料在第三仓室3内依次完成混合液(无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的混合液)的浸泡、氢氧化钙溶液的浸泡以及烘干。
真空负压装置：设置在第三仓室3外，在第三仓室3的两侧侧壁上对称设置抽真空口，真空负压装置与抽真空口连接，对第三仓室3内部抽真空。抽真空口对称设置，可以使第三仓室3更容易实现真空负压状态，加速溶液渗透至再生集料内部，提高再生集料的强化效果，缩减再生集料的处理时间。
溶液喷洒装置：位于第三仓室3上方位置，高于并且喷洒面积完全覆盖再生集料装载箱，可以将第一仓室11或者第二仓室6中的溶液均匀的喷洒，使集料充分地、完全地得到浸泡。
再生集料装载箱9：为无盖长方体，具有可以盛装待处理再生集料的功能，再生集料装载箱9四周均采用镂空的设计，但镂空的尺寸要小于再生集料的粒径。再生集料装载箱9的底部略高于第三仓室3的底面，保证溶液喷洒使再生集料得到充分浸泡后多余的溶液可以汇集通过阀门C10(或阀门D8)流回第一仓室11(或第二仓室6)。
鼓风干燥装置：设置在第三仓室3下部位置处，它通过两个连接点与第三仓室3的侧壁连接，两个连接点在第三仓室3的侧壁上对称设置。更容易实现将第三仓室3内的再生集料烘干。
具体步骤是：
1)筛分再生集料：
将已经由机器破碎后的再生集料用不同粒径的方孔筛进行筛分实验，选取9.5-13.2档集料进行后续实验。
2)清洗集料：
将步骤1)中筛分后的再生集料用干净的水进行清洗处理，除去集料表面附着的污泥或者剥落不完全的砂浆，清洗结束后将其装入再生集料装载箱9中，然后将再生集料装载箱9放入第三仓室3中，关闭所有阀门。
3)打开第三仓室3中的鼓风干燥装置7，将第三仓室3中的再生集料烘干。
4)关闭鼓风干燥装置7，保证第三仓室3密封，打开真空负压装置1，将第三仓室3处理为真空负压状态后关闭该装置。
5)配制饱和氢氧化钙溶液：
向第一仓室11内加入适量干净的水，然后缓慢的向水中加入氧化钙粉末并不断的搅拌，直至溶液浑浊并有沉淀产生时再过量加一部分氧化钙粉末即可。
6)配制无水乙醇、水和硅酸乙酯的混合液：
按照表1基于溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米二氧化硅的混合液配合比中的材料比例称取各种材料，依次将各种材料加入第二仓室6中，轻轻搅拌混合均匀，将第二仓室6密封，防止乙醇挥发。
7)打开阀门B5，将第二仓室6中的无水乙醇、水和硅酸乙酯的混合液输送至第三仓室3中的溶液喷洒装置4，然后将其均匀定速地喷洒到集料上，让集料经过充分吸收后，多余的混合液汇聚在第三仓室3底部。打开阀门D8，利用阀门D8流回第二仓室6之间的水泵，将汇聚的混合液泵回第二仓室6，继续循环再利用。无水乙醇、水和硅酸乙酯的混合液喷洒过程持续12h。
做好容器密封工作，防止有乙醇大量挥发，影响试验效果。
8)基于原位溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米二氧化硅的混合液最后一次喷洒结束后，将混合液回收到第二仓室6中，然后关闭阀门B5和阀门D8。打开第三仓室3中的鼓风干燥装置7，将步骤8)中处理后的再生集料烘干。
9)关闭鼓风干燥装置7，保证第三仓室3密封，打开真空负压装置1，将第三仓室3处理为真空负压状态后关闭该装置。
10)打开阀门A2，将第一仓室11中的氢氧化钙溶液输送至第三仓室3中的溶液喷洒装置4，然后将氢氧化钙溶液均匀的定速的喷洒到集料上，让集料充分吸收氢氧化钙溶液，多余的氢氧化钙溶液汇聚在第三仓室3底部。打开阀门C10，通过阀门C10与第一仓室11之间的泵，将汇聚的氢氧化钙溶液泵回第一仓室11继续循环再利用。氢氧化钙溶液喷洒过程持续12h。
11)氢氧化钙溶液最后一次喷洒结束后，让氢氧化钙溶液全部流回第一仓室11中，然后关闭阀门A2和阀门C10。打开第三仓室3中的鼓风干燥装置7，将步骤11)中处理的再 生集料烘干。
12)根据需求可以重复上述7)-11)试验步骤。
13)将第三仓室3中的经过处理过的再生集料运出，按照《公路工程集料试验规程JTG E42-2005》中试验规程测试集料的吸水率及压碎值。
经本实验处理过后的再生集料的照片见图2、再生集料处理后空隙内生成物见图3、压碎值试验见图4、吸水率及压碎值试验结果分别见图5及图6，集料压碎后见图7。
表1基于溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米二氧化硅的混合液配合比
以上照片以及试验数据表明，本发明提供的再生集料处理方法对于降低再生集料的吸水率以及提高再生集料的强度，降低其压碎值有显著的效果。由图4可得，再生集料的吸水率由17％下降至10％，较未处理的再生集料吸水率下降了41％。由图5可得，再生集料的压碎值由未处理前的41％下降至经过本发明提供的方法处理过后的33％，再生集料的压碎值下降了20％。由上述结果可见，本发明提供的新型再生集料强化方法，溶液可以有效的渗透至集料内部，反应生成的C-S-H可以填充再生集料内部的微裂缝以及空隙，从而提高再生集料表面的密实度，降低再生集料的孔隙率，从而达到了降低再生集料的吸水率以及提高再生集料强度的目的。
本发明提供的基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的工艺及装置技术进步是显著的，通过简单容易实现的工艺，能够以较低的经济投入可以十分有效的改善再生集料的性能，从而改善再生骨料混凝土的工作性能、力学以及耐久性能，并提高再生集料的利用率。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置，其特征在于：包括第一仓室、第二仓室、第三仓室和鼓风干燥装置，所述第一仓室、第二仓室和第三仓室均为密封腔室；所述第三仓室的顶部设置有喷淋结构，第一仓室和第二仓室均通过泵与所述喷淋结构连接，喷淋结构的下端设置有装载箱体，所述装载箱体的壁的四周均为镂空设置，镂空的孔径小于再生集料的粒径，装载箱体的底部与第三仓室的底部之间留有一定间隙，第三仓室的底部设置有至少一个排液口；所述鼓风干燥装置与所述第三仓室的下端连接，第三仓室的上端设置有盖体。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述喷淋结构上设置有若干个喷淋头，喷淋头的喷淋区域均匀覆盖装载箱体的横截面。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述鼓风干燥装置与第三仓室之间设置有两个气体分布器，两个气体分布器对称设置于第三仓室的两侧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的装置还包括真空负压装置，真空负压装置与所述第三仓室连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述第三仓室与真空负压装置之间设置有两个连接点，两个连接点相对于第三仓室对称设置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述排液口的数量为2个，分别与所述第一仓室和第二仓室连接。
- 一种基于原位生成C-S-H强化再生集料的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：1)对再生集料进行筛分，剔除再生集料中的废弃颗粒物，并清除再生集料表面的污泥和剥落不完全的砂浆；2)将清理后的再生集料装于装载箱体中，并将装载箱体放置于第三仓室中；3)开启鼓风干燥装置，将第三仓室中的再生集料烘干后关闭鼓风干燥装置，然后开启真空负压装置，将第三仓室抽真空；4)将无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙酯的混合液输送至第三仓室的喷淋装置，并通过喷淋装置均匀喷洒在再生集料上，喷淋、浸泡设定时间后，将混合液排出，并开启鼓风干燥装置，将再生集料烘干；5)开启真空负压装置，将第三仓室抽真空；6)将氢氧化钙溶液输送至第三仓室的喷淋装置，并通过喷淋装置均匀喷洒在再生集料上，喷淋、浸泡设定时间后，将溶液排出，并开启鼓风干燥装置，将再生集料烘干。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤4)中，无水乙醇、水和正硅酸乙 酯的摩尔比为3.5-4.5:1:2.5-3.5。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：浸泡时间为10-20h。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤6)中，所述氢氧化钙溶液为饱和氢氧化钙溶液。进一步优选的，再生集料在氢氧化钙溶液中浸泡的时间为10-20h。
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