WO2020088173A1 - 能在微波场中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
能在微波场中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020088173A1 WO2020088173A1 PCT/CN2019/108632 CN2019108632W WO2020088173A1 WO 2020088173 A1 WO2020088173 A1 WO 2020088173A1 CN 2019108632 W CN2019108632 W CN 2019108632W WO 2020088173 A1 WO2020088173 A1 WO 2020088173A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous
- composite material
- carbon
- microwave
- skeleton
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 polyphenylene Ethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012700 ceramic precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012979 petrochemical cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006711 Pistacia vera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003447 Pistacia vera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Hf] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Hf] LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical class [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XTDAIYZKROTZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#B XTDAIYZKROTZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical class B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium;methane Chemical compound C.[Hf] WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020233 pistachio Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002993 sponge (artificial) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 11
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 10
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000190070 Sarracenia purpurea Species 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001657948 Midea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010786 composite waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDNHWROHHSBKJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;furan-2-ylmethanol Chemical compound O=C.OCC1=CC=CO1 HDNHWROHHSBKJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004889 linear high-density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011306 natural pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0022—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors
- C04B38/0032—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors one of the precursor materials being a monolithic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a paper sheet which after carbonisation will react with silicon to form a porous silicon carbide porous body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/524—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63472—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B35/63476—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0022—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0051—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
- C04B38/0054—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity the pores being microsized or nanosized
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0051—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
- C04B38/0058—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity open porosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5001—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with carbon or carbonisable materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/40—Thermal non-catalytic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
- H05B6/6491—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0496—Pyrolysing the materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00844—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for electronic applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
- C04B2111/94—Electrically conducting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5284—Hollow fibers, e.g. nanotubes
- C04B2235/5288—Carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5292—Flakes, platelets or plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/667—Sintering using wave energy, e.g. microwave sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
- C10G2300/1007—Used oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/203—Microwave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Definitions
- the invention relates to the fields of microwave heating, microwave high-temperature cracking and waste resource utilization, in particular, to porous composite materials capable of generating arcs in a microwave field, preparation methods and uses thereof, and cracking and / or recycling materials containing organic compounds method.
- the chemical recovery method that converts waste plastics into small molecular hydrocarbons (gases, liquid oils or solid waxes) by chemical or thermal conversion is considered to be a technical solution that can surpass mechanical recovery, and the resulting products can be used as fuel or chemical raw materials.
- the current technical solution has not been widely used, mainly due to the high cost.
- most of the chemical recovery process requires expensive catalysts, and the selectivity of the catalyst requires that the raw materials must be pure polymers, which requires a time-consuming and laborious classification of waste plastics; on the other hand, the chemical recovery process requires greater energy Consume.
- carbon fiber composite materials have excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance, and are widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace, new energy, automobile industry, and sporting goods.
- high-tech fields such as aerospace, new energy, automobile industry, and sporting goods.
- the generated waste of carbon fiber composite materials is increasing day by day, and a large amount of carbon fiber composite material waste has attracted people's attention, which has a huge impact on environmental protection and economic benefits.
- people's increasing emphasis on environmental protection and the energy and resource crisis caused by the international situation, as well as the high price and excellent comprehensive performance of carbon fiber composite materials research on carbon fiber recycling technology is an important development trend in the future.
- the current carbon fiber recycling technology methods mainly include physical recycling method and chemical recycling method.
- the physical recycling method is to crush or melt carbon fiber composite materials as raw materials for new materials.
- this method will cause damage to the performance of each component of the composite material, especially we can not get carbon fiber from it, and we cannot achieve recyclability.
- Chemical recycling is the use of thermal decomposition or organic solvent decomposition to recover carbon fiber from carbon fiber composite waste. Organic solvent is decomposed and recovered to obtain clean carbon fiber, but a large amount of organic solvent is used in the recovery process, which may cause pollution to the environment.
- PCB Printed circuit board
- the substrate is composed of polymer synthetic resin and reinforcement materials.
- the binder is usually phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, cyanate resin, polyphenylene ether resin, and the like.
- China's annual output of copper clad laminates reached 160,100 tons.
- China's printed circuit board output surpassed Japan and became the world's largest printed circuit board producer.
- Microwave refers to electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between infrared and ultra high frequency (UHF) radio waves, which has a very strong penetration ability, with a wavelength between lm and 1mm, and a corresponding frequency of 300GHz-300MHz.
- the magnetron of the microwave generator receives the power of the power source and generates microwaves, which are delivered to the microwave heater through the waveguide.
- the materials to be heated are heated under the action of the microwave field.
- the heating method of the microwave is quite different from the ordinary heat transfer.
- the high-frequency electric field periodically changes the applied electric field and direction at a rate of hundreds of millions per second, so that the polar molecules in the material vibrate with the electric field at high frequency, and the friction between the molecules
- the squeezing action causes the material to quickly heat up, so that the temperature of the interior and surface of the material increases rapidly at the same time.
- microwave thermal cracking technology is also used to crack the waste rubber into monomers and then re-polymerize it for use. Therefore, microwave thermal cracking technology is expected to become the key to solve the problem of plastic pollution and the utilization of rubber resources.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a porous composite material and its preparation method and use, the porous composite material can generate an arc in the microwave field, which can be rapid Within minutes) high temperatures (especially above 1000 ° C) are generated, enabling effective microwave high temperature heating or microwave cracking of substances containing organic compounds (such as plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene; rubber; vegetable oil; biomass ; Carbon fiber composite materials; circuit boards) and can recover valuable substances in cracked products for recycling as chemical raw materials or other applications.
- the porous composite material itself can withstand high temperatures and is suitable for industrial applications.
- Another object of the present invention is that the preparation method of the porous composite material is simple and easy to implement, and it is easy to realize large-scale preparation.
- Another object of the present invention is that the method of using the porous composite material microwave high temperature heating or microwave cracking of substances containing organic compounds can achieve efficient operation, and the cracked products can achieve high added value, especially mainly lighter components ( (Especially gas phase or small molecule gas).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently recycling resources of microwave high-temperature cracking circuit boards.
- the cracked gas product can be a gas with high recycling value, and the solid residue can easily realize the separation of metal and non-metal components, and realize the efficient recovery of metal and glass fiber, so as to realize the clean and efficient recovery of all components of the waste circuit board.
- the above-mentioned object of the present invention can be achieved by a porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field.
- the porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field includes: an inorganic porous skeleton and carbon supported on the inorganic porous skeleton material.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides a porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field, including an inorganic porous framework and a carbon material supported on the inorganic porous framework, wherein the average pore diameter of the inorganic porous framework It is 0.2-1000 ⁇ m.
- the loading means that the carbon material is fixed to the surface and / or structure of the inorganic porous framework through a certain binding force.
- the surface refers to all interfaces of the porous framework that can contact the gas phase, and "fixed in the structure” refers to inlaying or anchoring inside the porous framework itself, rather than inside the pores.
- Arc refers to a gas discharge phenomenon, a beam of high-temperature ionized gas, but also a plasma.
- the carbon material is graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphite, carbon black, carbon fibers, carbon dots, carbon nanowires, products obtained by carbonization of carbonizable organic substances or products after carbonization of a mixture of carbonizable organic substances At least one of them is preferably at least one of graphene, carbon nanotubes, a product obtained by carbonizing a carbonizable organic substance, and a product obtained by carbonizing a mixture of carbonizable organic substances.
- the carbonization refers to the process of processing organic matter under certain temperature and atmosphere conditions, in which all or most of the hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. in the organic matter are volatilized, thereby obtaining a synthetic material with a high carbon content .
- the carbonizable organic substance refers to an organic polymer compound, including
- thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics more preferably selected from epoxy resins, phenolic resins, furan resins, polystyrene, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polypropylene At least one of nitrile, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, styrene-butadiene rubber, and polyurethane rubber; and
- -A natural organic polymer compound preferably at least one of starch, viscose fiber, lignin and cellulose.
- the mixture containing carbonizable organic matter refers to a mixture of carbonizable organic matter and other metal-free organic matter and / or metal-free inorganic matter; preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of coal, natural pitch, petroleum pitch, and coal tar pitch Species.
- the ratio of the carbon material may be 0.001% -99%, preferably 0.01% -90%, more preferably 0.1% -80% based on the total mass of the porous composite material.
- the inorganic porous skeleton refers to an inorganic material having a porous structure.
- the average pore diameter of the inorganic porous framework is 0.2-1000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2-500 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5-500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.5-250 ⁇ m, or 0.2-250 ⁇ m.
- the porosity of the inorganic porous framework may be 1% -99.99%, preferably 10% -99.9%, and more preferably 30% -99%.
- the average pore size described herein is determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). First, the pore diameter of the single pore is determined by the shortest value of the distance between the straight line passing through the center of the single pore and the two intersections of the outline of the pore in the SEM photograph; then, the pore diameters of all pores shown in the SEM photograph The number average of the values determines the average pore size.
- the porosity is determined with reference to GB / T 23561.4-2009.
- the inorganic material may be selected from carbon, silicate, aluminate, borate, phosphate, germanate, titanate, oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, sulfide, silicide and A combination of one or more halides; preferably one or more combinations selected from carbon, silicate, titanate, oxide, carbide, nitride, boride.
- the oxide may be selected from at least one of alumina, silica, zirconia, magnesia, cerium oxide, and titanium oxide.
- the nitride may be at least one selected from silicon nitride, boron nitride, zirconium nitride, hafnium nitride, and tantalum nitride.
- the carbide may be selected from at least one of silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, and tantalum carbide.
- the boride may be selected from at least one of zirconium boride, hafnium boride, and tantalum boride.
- the inorganic material of the inorganic porous skeleton is more preferably at least one of carbon, silicate, alumina, magnesia, zirconia, silicon carbide, boron nitride, and potassium titanate.
- the inorganic porous skeleton is at least one selected from the following skeletons: a carbon skeleton obtained after carbonization of the polymer sponge, a porous skeleton composed of inorganic fibers, an inorganic sponge skeleton, a skeleton composed of inorganic particle accumulation, a ceramic precursor Ceramic sponge skeleton obtained after firing of sponge, ceramic fibre skeleton obtained after firing of ceramic precursor fiber; preferably skeleton of melamine sponge carbonized, skeleton of phenolic resin sponge carbonized, porous skeleton of aluminum silicate fiber (such as aluminosilicate rock Cotton), porous framework of mullite fiber, porous framework of alumina fiber (such as alumina fiber board), porous framework of zirconia fiber, porous framework of magnesium oxide fiber, porous framework of boron nitride fiber, boron carbide fiber A porous skeleton, a porous skeleton of silicon carbide fibers, a porous skeleton of potassium titanate fibers, and
- the porous structure of the inorganic porous skeleton may come from the pore structure of the skeleton material itself, such as a sponge-like structure; it may also come from the pore structure formed by the accumulation of fibrous materials, such as fiber cotton, fiber felt, and fiber board; and may also come from The pore structure formed by the accumulation of particulate materials, such as sand pile structure; it can also come from a combination of the above forms. It is preferably derived from a pore structure formed by fibrous materials.
- the porous framework composed of the above-mentioned inorganic fibers, wherein the pores are a pore structure composed of a framework in which fiber materials are accumulated does not mean that the fibers themselves are porous.
- the porous composite material according to the present invention can generate a high-temperature arc in a microwave field, for example, an electric arc that raises the temperature of the porous composite material to above 1000 ° C in a 900w microwave field, and the porous composite material itself can withstand high temperatures up to 3000 °C high temperature.
- the porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field according to the present invention is an efficient microwave heating material.
- the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a porous composite material according to the present invention.
- the preparation method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
- the inorganic porous framework or inorganic porous framework precursor is immersed in the solution or dispersion of the carbon material and / or carbon material precursor, and the pores of the inorganic porous framework or inorganic porous framework precursor are filled with the solution or Dispersions;
- step (2) The porous material obtained in step (1) is heated and dried, so that the carbon material or the carbon material precursor is precipitated or solidified and supported on the inorganic porous skeleton or the inorganic porous skeleton precursor;
- step (3) If at least one of a carbon material precursor or an inorganic porous skeleton precursor is used as a raw material, the following step is further performed: heating the porous material obtained in step (2) under an inert gas atmosphere to convert the inorganic porous skeleton precursor It is inorganic porous framework, and / or carbon material precursor reduction or carbonization.
- the solution or dispersion of the carbon material or its precursor in step (1) may include a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, cyclohexane, ethyl hexanoate, and butyl acetate
- a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, cyclohexane, ethyl hexanoate, and butyl acetate
- ester carbon disulfide
- ketone acetone
- cyclohexanone tetrahydrofuran
- dimethylformamide water and alcohol
- the alcohol is preferably selected from propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol
- the loading carbon material precursor used in the production method according to the present invention is preferably a precursor that can be dissolved or dispersed in a human-friendly and environment-friendly solvent before loading, so that the production process is "green".
- the human-friendly and environment-friendly solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, water, and a mixture of both, that is, the solvent in step (1) is more preferably a solvent containing water and / or ethanol; further preferably water and / or Or ethanol.
- the solution or dispersion may be sufficient to fully dissolve or fully disperse the carbon material and / or carbon material precursor in the solvent, and the concentration may generally be 0.001-1 g / mL, preferably 0.002-0.8 g / mL, and more preferably 0.003g-0.5g / mL.
- the heating and drying in step (2) can be performed at a temperature of 50-250 ° C, preferably 60-200 ° C, more preferably 80-180 ° C; preferably by microwave heating.
- the power of the microwave can be 1W-100KW, preferably 500W-10KW.
- the microwave heating time may be 2-200 min, preferably 20-200 min.
- the inorganic porous skeleton precursor is a porous material that can be converted into an inorganic porous skeleton; it can be at least one selected from a ceramic precursor, a porous material of carbonizable organic matter, or a porous material of a mixture of carbonizable organic matter.
- the carbon material precursor may be graphene oxide, modified carbon nanotubes, modified carbon nanofibers, modified graphite, modified carbon black, modified carbon fiber and carbonizable organic matter or a mixture containing carbonizable organic matter. At least one. Modified carbon nanotubes, modified carbon nanofibers, modified graphite, modified carbon black, modified carbon fiber means to improve the dispersion of these carbon materials in water or organic solvents, to obtain a stable dispersion, pretreatment Carbon materials, for example, pretreatment with dispersants and surfactants, or pretreatment with grafted hydrophilic groups; these pretreatment methods all use pretreatment methods in the prior art to improve dispersion.
- Carbon materials subjected to the above pretreatment such as graphene aqueous dispersion, graphene ethanol dispersion, graphene aqueous slurry, graphene oily slurry, graphene oxide aqueous dispersion, graphene oxide ethanol dispersion, graphene oxide N -Methylpyrrolidone dispersion, carbon nanotube aqueous dispersion, carboxylated carbon nanotube aqueous dispersion, carbon nanotube ethanol dispersion, carbon nanotube dimethylformamide dispersion, carbon nanotube N-methylpyrrolidone slurry Materials, etc., are also available commercially.
- the heating temperature in step (3) may be 400-1800 ° C, preferably 600-1500 ° C, more preferably 800-1200 ° C, preferably by microwave heating.
- the microwave power may be 100W to 100KW, preferably 700W to 20KW.
- the microwave heating time may be 0.5-200min, preferably 1-100min.
- the preparation method includes the following steps:
- step b Immerse the inorganic porous framework or inorganic porous framework precursor in the solution or dispersion of step a, so that the pores of the inorganic porous framework or inorganic porous framework precursor are filled with the solution or dispersion; the carbon material and / or carbon material precursor 0.001% -99.999% of the total mass of the inorganic porous framework material or the inorganic porous framework material precursor and the carbon material and / or carbon material precursor, preferably 0.01% -99.99%, more preferably 0.1% -99.9%;
- step b Take out the porous material obtained in step b, heat and dry, the carbon material or carbon material precursor is precipitated or solidified, and loaded on the inorganic porous framework or inorganic porous framework precursor; the heating and drying temperature is 50-250 ° C, preferably 60 -200 °C, more preferably 80-180 °C;
- step d the porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field is obtained; if the raw material uses a carbon material precursor or an inorganic porous skeleton precursor At least one of them, you need to continue to the following step d:
- step d Heating the porous material obtained in step c under an inert gas atmosphere, the inorganic porous skeleton precursor is converted into an inorganic porous skeleton, and / or the carbon material precursor is reduced or carbonized to obtain the porous composite material capable of generating an arc in a microwave field ; Heating temperature 400-1800 °C, preferably 600-1500 °C, more preferably 800-1200 °C.
- the carbon material supported on the inorganic porous framework described in the preparation method according to the present invention is graphene
- the carbon nanotube dispersion is preferably used in step (1) or step a.
- thermosetting plastic When a thermosetting plastic is used as the precursor of the carbon material for loading, in step (1) or step a, a suitable curing system needs to be prepared according to the commonly used curing formula in the prior art of the selected thermosetting plastic; in this curing system, Add one or more optional additives selected from curing accelerators, dyes, pigments, colorants, antioxidants, stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, flow modifiers or additives, flame retardants , Anti-dripping agent, anti-caking agent, adhesion promoter, conductive agent, multivalent metal ion, impact modifier, release aid, nucleating agent, etc.
- the amount of additives used can be the conventional amount, or adjusted according to the requirements of the actual situation.
- the thermosetting resin used as the carbon material precursor after the heating in the subsequent step c is solidified and loaded on the inorganic porous framework.
- the loading carbon material precursor is thermosetting plastic
- the corresponding good solvent in the prior art is selected in step (1) or step a to dissolve the above thermosetting plastic and its curing system to obtain a loading carbon material precursor solution .
- the solution of the loading carbon material precursor may be added with antioxidants, auxiliary antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, ozone stabilizers, processing aids, Plasticizers, softeners, anti-blocking agents, foaming agents, dyes, pigments, waxes, extenders, organic acids, flame retardants, and coupling agents are commonly used additives in the prior art in plastic processing.
- the amount of additives used can be the conventional amount, or adjusted according to the requirements of the actual situation.
- the pores of the inorganic porous framework can be filled with the carbon material for loading or the carbon material precursor solution or dispersion by squeezing several times or not at all.
- step (2) of the preparation method of the present invention excess porous carbon material or carbon material precursor in the porous material obtained in step (1) can be removed with or without measures
- the above measures include but are not limited to one or both of extrusion and centrifugation operations.
- the heating in steps (2) and (3) of the preparation method according to the present invention may preferably be microwave heating, which not only has high efficiency but also uniform heating, specifically:
- the microwave power may be 1W-100KW, preferably 500W-10KW, and the microwave irradiation time is 2-200min, preferably 20-200min.
- the microwave power in step (3) may be 100W-100KW, preferably 700W-20KW; the microwave irradiation time is 0.5-200min, preferably 1-100min.
- the heating in step (3) of the preparation method according to the present invention needs to be performed under an inert gas atmosphere, and is selected from the inert gas atmospheres commonly used in the prior art, preferably nitrogen.
- the equipment used in the preparation method according to the present invention is commonly used equipment.
- the porous composite material according to the present invention has excellent mechanical properties due to the combination of an inorganic porous framework and a carbon material, and unexpectedly can generate an arc in a microwave field to quickly generate high temperatures, for example, a 900w microwave field can generate
- the porous composite material is heated to an arc above 1000 ° C, which can be used for microwave high temperature heating, biomass cracking, vegetable oil treatment, waste polymer material cracking, petrochemical cracking, carbon fiber composite material recycling, garbage treatment, VOC waste gas treatment, COD sewage governance and high-temperature catalysis.
- the porous composite material itself is resistant to high temperature, the preparation process is simple and easy to implement, and it is easy to realize large-scale preparation.
- the third aspect of the present invention provides the porous composite material according to the present invention for microwave high-temperature heating, cracking and recycling of substances containing organic compounds (such as organic substances, mixtures containing organic substances, or composite materials containing organic substances) and high-temperature catalysis Applications in fields such as biomass cracking, vegetable oil processing, waste polymer materials cracking, petrochemical cracking, carbon fiber composite material recycling, waste treatment, VOC waste gas treatment or COD sewage treatment.
- substances containing organic compounds such as organic substances, mixtures containing organic substances, or composite materials containing organic substances
- high-temperature catalysis Applications in fields such as biomass cracking, vegetable oil processing, waste polymer materials cracking, petrochemical cracking, carbon fiber composite material recycling, waste treatment, VOC waste gas treatment or COD sewage treatment.
- Petrochemical cracking means that in the petrochemical production process, petroleum fractionation products (including petroleum gas) are commonly used as raw materials, and higher temperatures than cracking are used to break hydrocarbons with long-chain molecules into various short-chain gaseous hydrocarbons and small amounts Liquid hydrocarbons to provide organic chemical raw materials.
- the porous composite material according to the invention may be particularly suitable for cracking and / or recycling substances containing organic compounds.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method of cracking and / or recycling a substance containing an organic compound, wherein the substance containing the organic compound is brought into contact with the porous composite material according to the present invention, under an inert atmosphere or evacuated, to the above A microwave field is applied to the substance containing the organic compound and the porous composite material, and the porous composite material generates an arc in the microwave field, thereby quickly reaching a high temperature to crack the substance containing the organic compound.
- the substances containing organic compounds include organic substances, mixtures containing organic substances, and composite materials containing organic substances, and may be selected from, for example:
- plastics referred to herein refer to plastics and their mixtures that have been used in civil, industrial and other uses and are eventually eliminated or replaced, including but not limited to polyolefins, polyesters (polyesters and their mixtures, At least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyarylate), polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polycarbonate , Polylactic acid, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene oxide and polyphenylene sulfide at least one, preferably polyethylene and mixtures thereof (including but not limited to low density polyethylene, linear low density At least one of polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, preferably at least one of low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene and high density polyethylene), polypropylene and Its mixture, polyvinyl chloride and its mixture, polyethylene terephthal
- -Waste rubber used rubber refers to rubber and its mixture that have been used in civil, industrial and other uses and are eventually eliminated or replaced; preferably natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, At least one of isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, butyl rubber, neoprene rubber, styrene block copolymer and silicone rubber; more preferably natural rubber, cis-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber and At least one of ethylene propylene rubber; the waste rubber can be directly mixed together without sorting, thereby simplifying the processing procedure of waste rubber; unless there are special requirements for decomposition products, it needs to be processed according to the type;
- the biomass mentioned here refers to various animals, plants and algae produced by photosynthesis, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, including but not limited to straw, bagasse, branches, leaves, wood chips , Rice husk, rice straw, straw, peanut shell, coconut shell, palm seed shell, walnut shell, Hawaiian nut shell, pistachio shell, wheat straw, corn stalk and corn cob; and
- oils and fats obtained from the fruits, seeds and germs of plants and mixtures thereof oils and fats obtained from the fruits, seeds and germs of plants include but are not limited to palm oil and rapeseed At least one of oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, linseed oil and castor oil, preferably at least one of palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil;
- the carbon fiber composite materials described herein are preferably carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite materials in the prior art, and the polymer matrix composited with carbon fibers includes but is not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, phenolic resin, At least one of epoxy resins; and
- circuit board described herein may be various circuit boards produced under current technical conditions.
- the circuit board and the porous composite material are contacted, and a microwave field is applied to the circuit board and the porous composite material under an inert atmosphere or a vacuum.
- the porous composite material generates an arc under the microwave and quickly reaches a high temperature to make the circuit Cracking of organic materials such as polymer synthetic resins in the board will result in a large amount of gas products and solid residues; the gas is a flammable gas with a high calorific value; the solid residue includes a loosely structured and easily separated metal component and a glass fiber mixture as The main non-metallic component.
- the weight ratio of the substance containing the organic compound to the porous composite material may be 1: 99-99: 1, preferably 1: 50-50: 1, more preferably 1: 30-30: 1, more preferably 1:10 -10: 1.
- the microwave power of the microwave field may be 1W-100KW, more preferably 100W-50KW, more preferably 200W-50KW, more preferably 500W-20KW, most preferably 700W-20KW, especially for example 700W, 900W or 1500W.
- the microwave irradiation time may be 0.1-200 min; more preferably 0.5-150 min, most preferably 1-100 min.
- An arc is generated in the microwave field and can quickly reach 700-3000 ° C, preferably 800-2500 ° C, more preferably 800-2000 ° C, so that the organic compound in the substance containing the organic compound is cracked.
- the microwave power of cracked palm oil may be 200W-80KW, preferably 300W-50KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.2-200min; preferably 0.3-150min.
- the microwave power of the cracked rapeseed oil may be 100W-50KW, preferably 200W-30KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.1-150min; preferably 0.2-130min.
- the microwave power of the cracked sunflower oil can be 80W-60KW, preferably 200W-40KW; the microwave irradiation time can be 0.3-120min; preferably 0.4-100min.
- the microwave power of the cracked soybean oil may be 120W-40KW, preferably 200W-30KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.2-100min; preferably 0.5-90min.
- the microwave power of the cracked peanut oil may be 100W-10KW, preferably 300W-8KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.3-100min; preferably 0.5-90min.
- the microwave power of the cracked linseed oil may be 150W-80KW, preferably 300W-50KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.1-80min; preferably 0.3-70min.
- the microwave power of the cracked castor oil may be 200W-50KW, preferably 300W-40KW; the microwave irradiation time may be 0.5-70min, preferably 0.6-60min.
- the microwave power of the cracked straw can be 100W-70KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-150min.
- the microwave power of cracked bagasse can be 80W-50KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-120min.
- the microwave power of the cracked branches can be 120W-100KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.5-200min.
- the microwave power of the cracked leaves can be 50W-40KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.1-80min.
- the microwave power of cracked wood chips can be 100W-10KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-100min.
- the microwave power of cracking rice husk can be 80W-80KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-120min.
- the microwave power of the cracked rice straw is 100W ⁇ 70KW, and the microwave irradiation time is 0.2 ⁇ 100min.
- the microwave power of the cracked straw can be 50W-60KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-60min.
- the microwave power of the cracked peanut shell can be 100W-50KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.3-70min.
- the microwave power of the cracked coconut shell can be 200W-80KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.5-150min.
- the microwave power of the cracked palm seed shell can be 100W-50KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.3-100min.
- the microwave power of the cracked corn cob can be 80W-50KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-70min.
- the microwave power of cracking natural rubber can be 100W-50KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.5-150min.
- the microwave power of cracking cis-butadiene rubber can be 120W-60KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.5-120min.
- the microwave power of cracking styrene butadiene rubber can be 150W-80KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.6-200min.
- the microwave power of cracking isoprene rubber can be 100W-60KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.5-150min.
- the microwave power of the cracked ethylene-propylene rubber can be 200W-70KW, and the microwave irradiation time can be 0.2-100min.
- the microwave field can be generated by using various microwave devices in the prior art, such as domestic microwave ovens and industrial microwave devices (such as microwave thermal cracking reactors).
- the inert atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere commonly used in the prior art, such as nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xenon, preferably nitrogen.
- the substance containing the organic compound and the porous composite material may be contacted in various ways. If the substance containing the organic compound is solid, such as waste plastic, the substance can be placed on the porous composite material, placed in the cavity composed of the porous composite material, or covered by the porous composite material in the lower part, etc .; preferably the solid substance ( For example, the circuit board) is broken and contacted with the porous composite material. If the substance containing organic compounds is a liquid, such as vegetable oil, one of the methods that can be used is the intermittent method, that is, the vegetable oil is first added to the porous composite material, and the porous composite material will automatically suck the vegetable oil into the pores before proceeding.
- the substance containing organic compound is a liquid, such as vegetable oil
- the intermittent method that is, the vegetable oil is first added to the porous composite material, and the porous composite material will automatically suck the vegetable oil into the pores before proceeding.
- Microwave cracking the other is continuous, that is, while microwave cracking, a pump (such as a peristaltic pump) is continuously added to the surface of the porous material through a quartz pipe.
- a pump such as a peristaltic pump
- the pumping speed mentioned above can guarantee the time that the mixture of vegetable oil and porous composite material stays in the microwave field. If the substance containing the organic compound is a mixture of solid and liquid, the mixed form of the above-mentioned contact mode can be adopted accordingly.
- the device for placing or carrying the organic compound-containing substance and the porous composite material in the method of the present invention may be various vessels or pipes that can penetrate microwaves and withstand temperatures above 1200 ° C, such as quartz crucibles, quartz reactors Quartz tube, alumina crucible, alumina reactor, alumina tube, etc.
- the organic compound-containing substance is vaporized after cracking.
- the gas obtained after the cracking can be collected for subsequent processing or recycling, for example, after the gas is separated as fuel or as a raw material for the chemical industry for subsequent reaction and production; the cracked residue is treated as waste, or as for carbon fiber composite Material, the residue after cracking is mainly carbon fiber, which can be collected to remove impurities and reuse, or for circuit boards, the solid residue obtained by cracking of the circuit board can be processed, and the metal and nonmetal components can be separated and recovered separately Reuse.
- the above separation of solid residues can adopt various separation methods and equipment in the prior art.
- the gas collection is a common method in the prior art, and can be performed by a gas collection device, preferably under an inert atmosphere.
- a gas collection device preferably under an inert atmosphere.
- the gas collection method is: put a quartz crucible carrying a substance containing an organic compound and a porous composite material in a vacuum bag in a nitrogen-protected glove box, seal it in a vacuum bag, and then react under microwave Unscrew the crucible through the vacuum bag, pierce into the vacuum bag with a syringe to take samples.
- an industrial type microwave oven with an air inlet and an air outlet such as a microwave thermal cracking reactor, etc.
- the gas collection method is: the reaction process is purged with nitrogen, and the air outlet is sampled and collected with a gas bag.
- the method of the present invention uses the porous composite material to generate an arc in a microwave field, thereby rapidly generating a high temperature, and cracking a substance containing an organic compound.
- the cracked product can be used as a chemical raw material for recycling, or the carbon fiber or Valuable residues such as metals are recycled and reused, especially to achieve full recovery of waste circuit boards.
- the process is efficient and the added value of the product composition is high.
- the weight of the raw inorganic porous framework material is measured first, and the weight of the obtained porous composite material is measured after the end of the experiment.
- the mass percentage of the carbon material in the porous composite material is measured first, and the weight of the obtained porous composite material is measured after the end of the experiment.
- the Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph produced by the American company Agilent is equipped with a FID detector, using a chromatography column: HP-PLOT AL 2 O 3 capillary chromatography column (50m ⁇ 0.53mm ⁇ 15 ⁇ m); carrier gas: He, average linear velocity 41cm / s ; Inlet temperature 200 °C; Detector temperature: 250 °C; Split ratio 15: 1; Injection volume: 0.25ml (gaseous); Heating program: Initial temperature 55 °C, hold for 3min, increase to 120 at 4 °C / min °C, hold for 4min, then increase to 170 °C at 20 °C / min, hold for 10min.
- the average pore diameter of the inorganic porous framework and the porous composite material is determined by: the shortest value in the distance between the two intersections of the straight line passing through the center of a single pore in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph and the outline of the pore To determine the pore size of a single pore, and then determine the average pore size by the number average of the pore values of all pores shown in the SEM photograph.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the SEM adopted is Hitachi S-4800, Japan Hitachi, and the magnification is 200 times.
- Porosity measurement method refer to GB / T 23561.4-2009 to determine the porosity.
- the raw materials used in the examples are all commercially available.
- the phenolic resin carbonization product supports a porous composite material with a carbon porous skeleton (the average pore diameter of the carbon skeleton is 350 ⁇ m, and the porosity is 99%), wherein the carbon material supported on the inorganic carbon skeleton accounts for 80% of the total mass of the porous composite material.
- porous composite material (4) Put the dried porous material into a tube furnace and carbonize it at 1000 ° C for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere to carbonize the phenolic resin to obtain activated alumina (porous skeleton) supported by the phenolic resin carbonized product that can generate an arc in the microwave field. ) Of the porous composite material, wherein the carbon material accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the porous composite material.
- porous composite material obtained in Example 1 With the aid of the porous composite material obtained in Example 1, all materials were cracked and gasified after microwave treatment in a domestic microwave oven (700w) for as short as 30s, and almost no residues were seen, only in the case of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hose Only a small amount of black substance remains, and there is a severe arc discharge in all processes.
- the porous composite material generates an arc in the microwave field, thereby rapidly generating high temperature and transferring heat to the material to quickly crack the material.
- the samples obtained in Examples 2-14 were used to perform the same experiment as the above process, and similar experimental phenomena and results were obtained.
- the porous composite materials obtained in Examples 2-14 can generate arcs in the microwave field, thereby rapidly generating high temperatures and transferring heat to the materials to quickly crack the materials.
- the specific operation of placing the material to be cracked inside the cavity of the porous composite material that generates an arc in the microwave is as follows: first place a part of the porous composite material at the bottom of the quartz reactor and form an open cavity around it, and then place the material in Inside the cavity, the remaining porous composite material is finally covered on top of the material.
- the samples obtained in Examples 2-14 were used to perform the same experiment as the above process, and similar experimental phenomena and results were obtained.
- the porous composite materials obtained in Examples 2-14 can generate arcs in the microwave, thereby quickly generating high temperatures and transferring them to the materials to quickly crack the materials.
- HDPE beverage bottle cap
- Example 1 Take 1g sample obtained in Example 1 and use microwave thermal cracking reactor (XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) to crack at 700W power for 30s (or use domestic microwave oven (700W) at high fire for 30s) to crack 0.5g of HDPE , 0.5g of PP and 0.5g of LLDPE, and then the gas obtained by chromatographic analysis, the main components detected are listed in Table 1-1.
- microwave thermal cracking reactor XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 Take 1g sample obtained in Example 1 and use microwave thermal cracking reactor (XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) to crack 0.5g of PET at 700W power for 30s (or use domestic microwave oven (700W) at high fire for 30s), Then the obtained gas was analyzed by chromatography, and the main components detected were listed in Table 1-2.
- microwave thermal cracking reactor XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 Take 1g of the sample obtained in Example 1 and use microwave thermal cracking reactor (XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) to crack at 700W power for 30s (or use domestic microwave oven (700W) at high fire for 30s) to crack 0.5g of PS. Then the gas obtained was analyzed by chromatography, and the main components detected were listed in Table 1-3.
- microwave thermal cracking reactor XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 Take 1g of the sample obtained in Example 1 and crack 0.5g of PVC with a domestic microwave oven (700W) for 30s at high fire, and then perform chromatographic analysis on the resulting gas.
- the main components detected are listed in Table 1-4.
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g HDPE, 50g PP and 50g LLDPE with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at 1500W power for 10min, and then the obtained gas was subjected to chromatographic analysis.
- the main components detected were listed in Table 2-1 .
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g PET with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at 1500W power for 20min, and then the obtained gas was subjected to chromatographic analysis.
- the main components detected were listed in Table 2-2.
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 3g PS with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at a power of 1500W for 40min, and then the gas obtained was subjected to chromatographic analysis.
- the main components detected were listed in Table 2-3.
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g disposable transparent plastic cup (PS) fragments in a microwave thermal cracking reactor at 1500W for 15 minutes, and then the obtained gas was subjected to chromatographic analysis. The main components detected are listed in the table. 2-4.
- PS disposable transparent plastic cup
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g of PVC hose fragments in a microwave thermal cracking reactor at a power of 1500W for 15 minutes, and then the resulting gas was subjected to chromatographic analysis. The main components detected were listed in Table 2-5.
- Microwave cracking vegetable oil
- the porous composite material generates an arc in the microwave field, thereby rapidly generating high temperature and transferring heat to the material to quickly crack the material. After the cracking, the obtained gas was analyzed by chromatography. The main components detected were listed in Table 3-1.
- Example 6 A 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 100g of palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at a power of 1500W and a feed rate of 2g / min, and then the gas obtained was subjected to chromatographic analysis.
- the main components detected are listed in Table 3-2.
- the specific operation of placing the material to be cracked inside the cavity composed of the porous composite material is as follows: first, a part of the porous composite material is placed at the bottom of the quartz reactor and around it to form an upper open cavity, and then the material is placed in the cavity Inside, the remaining porous composite material is finally covered on top of the material.
- Example 1 Take 1g of the sample obtained in Example 1 and crack 0.5g of straw and rice husk in a domestic microwave oven (700W) for 30 seconds under high fire, and then analyze the gas obtained by chromatographic analysis, in which the main except for CO and CO 2 were detected.
- the ingredients are listed in Table 4-1.
- Example 6 The 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g of straw and rice husk with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at 1500W power for 15min, and then the obtained gas was subjected to chromatographic analysis, in which the main components except CO and CO 2 were detected.
- Example 1 Take 50g samples of automobile tire (Han Thai) fragments, styrene-butadiene rubber (Beijing Rubber Products Factory) and ethylene propylene rubber (Beijing Rubber Products Factory), respectively, and put them in a cavity composed of 30g of the porous composite material that generates arc in the microwave obtained in Example 1 Inside the body, after being protected with nitrogen, it was treated with a microwave thermal cracking reactor (XOLJ-2000N, Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) at 1500W for 5 minutes. All materials are cracked and gasified after microwave treatment in a domestic microwave oven (700w) for as short as 30s. For the black material that is broken by a pinch of car tire fragments, the styrene-butadiene rubber and ethylene-propylene rubber samples leave no residue.
- XOLJ-2000N Nanjing Xianou Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- the specific operation of placing the material to be cracked inside the cavity composed of the porous composite material is as follows: first, a part of the porous composite material is placed at the bottom of the quartz reactor and a cavity with an upper opening is formed around it, and then the material is placed in the cavity Inside the body, the remaining porous composite material is finally covered on top of the material.
- Example 6 the 30g sample obtained in Example 6 was used to crack 50g of automobile tire (Han Thai) fragments, styrene-butadiene rubber (Beijing Rubber Products Factory) and ethylene propylene rubber (Beijing Rubber) with a microwave thermal cracking reactor at 1500W for 15 minutes. Product factory) samples, and then the gas obtained was subjected to chromatographic analysis, in which the main components other than CO and CO 2 detected were listed in Table 5-4, Table 5-5, and Table 5-6.
- Microwave cracked carbon fiber composite material is a Microwave cracked carbon fiber composite material
- 2g carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material (Changzhou Hua carbon fiber composite material Co., Ltd.) was placed on 1g of the porous composite material obtained in Example 1, after being protected with nitrogen, it was cracked in a high-temperature microwave in a domestic microwave oven (700w) for 40s After that, the carbon fiber composite material was taken out, the weight was found to be heavy, and the carbon fiber could be easily peeled off; there was a severe arc discharge phenomenon during the microwave process.
- the porous composite material generates an arc in the microwave, thereby rapidly generating high temperature and transferring heat to the material to quickly crack the material.
- the material to be cracked is placed inside the cavity of the porous composite material that generates the arc in the microwave.
- the specific operation is as follows: first place a part of the porous composite material that generates the arc in the microwave at the bottom and around the quartz reactor to form an upper opening cavity, and then Place the material inside the cavity, and finally cover the remaining porous composite material on top of the material.
- the samples obtained in Examples 2-14 were subjected to the same experiment as the above process to obtain similar experimental phenomena and results.
- the porous composite materials obtained in Examples 2-14 can generate arcs in the microwave, thereby quickly generating high temperatures and transferring them to the materials to quickly crack the materials.
- the material is placed inside the cavity of the porous composite material that generates the arc in the microwave.
- the specific operations are as follows: first place a part of the porous composite material that generates the arc in the microwave at the bottom and around the quartz reactor to form an upper opening cavity, and then the material Place it inside the cavity, and finally cover the remaining porous composite material on top of the material.
- the collected gas is chromatographically analyzed in the following manner: the gas product collected after the cracking is in accordance with ASTM D1945-14 method, using a refinery gas analyzer (HP Agilent 7890 A, configured with 3 channels, including 1 FID and 2 TCD (thermal conductivity detector) were analyzed. Analyze hydrocarbons on the FID channel. A TCD using a nitrogen carrier gas was used to determine the hydrogen content because of the small difference in conductivity between the hydrogen and helium carrier gases. Another TCD that uses helium as a carrier gas is used to detect CO, CO 2 , N 2 and O 2 . For quantitative analysis, the response factor is determined by using RGA (refinery gas analysis) calibration gas standards.
- RGA refinery gas analysis
- waste circuit board (the waste circuit board has been pre-broken into small pieces with an area of about 1cm 2 irregular small pieces, the circuit board is disassembled from the waste computer motherboard, brand Gigabyte), placed in 50g of the porous obtained in Example 1 Inside the cavity composed of composite materials, the whole is then placed in a microwave cracking reactor (Qingdao Microway Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd., model MKX-R1C1B). After nitrogen protection, the microwave thermal cracking reactor is treated at 900W for 5 minutes . The porous composite material generates an arc in the microwave, thereby quickly generating high temperature and transferring it to the material to quickly crack the material. The gas components collected were analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the main components of cracked gas products are listed in Table 7-1.
- the solid residue is 30% of the mass before cracking, including the loosely structured and easily separated metal component and the non-metallic component mainly composed of glass fiber mixture.
- the metal and non-metal can be separated and recovered Part (mainly glass fiber).
- the specific operation of placing the circuit board to be cracked inside the cavity composed of the porous composite material is as follows: first, a part of the porous composite material is placed inside the quartz reactor, and the porous composite material is sequentially placed to form a hollow opening The cavity is then placed inside the cavity, and finally the remaining porous composite material is covered on the top of the material.
- the samples obtained in Examples 2-14 were subjected to the same experiment as the above process to obtain similar experimental phenomena and results.
- the mass of solid residue after the reaction is about 28% to 35% before cracking.
- the porous composite materials obtained in Examples 2-14 can generate arcs in the microwave field, thereby rapidly generating high temperatures and passing them to the materials to quickly crack them.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
气体产物组成 | 体积占比(vol.%) |
氢气 | 20.36 |
一氧化碳 | 53.25 |
二氧化碳 | 12.72 |
甲烷 | 3.81 |
乙烷 | 0.39 |
乙烯 | 5.02 |
丙烷 | 0.14 |
丙烯 | 0.90 |
乙炔 | 1.35 |
1-丁烯 | 0.42 |
1,3-丁二烯 | 0.05 |
苯 | 0.09 |
其它 | 1.50 |
气体产物组成 | 体积占比(vol.%) |
氢气 | 18.00 |
一氧化碳 | 42.80 |
二氧化碳 | 6.90 |
甲烷 | 14.90 |
乙烷 | 2.00 |
乙烯 | 6.00 |
丙烷 | 1.00 |
丙烯 | 4.70 |
乙炔 | 1.10 |
1-丁烯 | 0.20 |
1,3-丁二烯 | 0.60 |
苯 | 0.10 |
其它 | 1.70 |
气体产物组成 | 体积占比(vol.%) |
氢气 | 15.00 |
一氧化碳 | 49.60 |
二氧化碳 | 9.10 |
甲烷 | 13.50 |
乙烷 | 2.30 |
乙烯 | 4.20 |
丙烷 | 0.80 |
丙烯 | 2.20 |
乙炔 | 0.90 |
1-丁烯 | 0.10 |
1,3-丁二烯 | 0.60 |
苯 | 0.10 |
其它 | 1.60 |
气体产物组成 | 体积占比(vol.%) |
氢气 | 19.47 |
一氧化碳 | 48.80 |
二氧化碳 | 7.25 |
甲烷 | 8.80 |
乙烷 | 1.0 |
乙烯 | 8.80 |
丙烷 | 0.10 |
丙烯 | 3.20 |
乙炔 | 0.80 |
1-丁烯 | 0.30 |
1,3-丁二烯 | 0.07 |
苯 | 0.08 |
其它 | 1.33 |
气体产物组成 | 体积占比(vol.%) |
氢气 | 16.20 |
一氧化碳 | 47.32 |
二氧化碳 | 8.68 |
甲烷 | 10.1 |
乙烷 | 1.80 |
乙烯 | 6.60 |
丙烷 | 2.32 |
丙烯 | 4.10 |
乙炔 | 0.80 |
1-丁烯 | 0.08 |
1,3-丁二烯 | 0.10 |
苯 | 0.20 |
其它 | 1.70 |
Claims (16)
- 能在微波场中产生电弧的多孔复合材料,包含无机多孔骨架和负载于所述无机多孔骨架上的碳材料,其中所述无机多孔骨架的平均孔径为0.2-1000μm。
- 根据权利要求1的多孔复合材料,其特征在于,所述无机多孔骨架的平均孔径为0.2-500μm,优选0.5-500μm,更优选为0.5-250μm;和/或所述无机多孔骨架的孔隙率为1%-99.99%,优选10%-99.9%,更优选为30%-99%。
- 根据权利要求1或2的多孔复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳材料的比例为基于所述多孔复合材料总质量计的0.001%-99%,优选0.01%-90%,更优选0.1%-80%。
- 根据权利要求1-3中任一项的多孔复合材料,其特征在于,所述多孔复合材料在微波场中产生的电弧使得多孔复合材料达到1000℃以上的温度。
- 根据权利要求1-4中任一项的多孔复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳材料选自石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨、炭黑、碳纤维、碳点、碳纳米线、由可碳化有机物或包含可碳化有机物的混合物的碳化得到的产物以及它们的组合,优选选自石墨烯、碳纳米管、由可碳化有机物或包含可碳化有机物的混合物的碳化得到的产物以及它们的组合;优选,所述可碳化有机物为有机高分子化合物,包括合成有机高分子化合物,优选为橡胶,或塑料,包括热固性塑料和热塑性塑料,更优选选自环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、呋喃树脂、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物、聚丙烯腈、聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、丁苯橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶及其组合;和天然有机高分子化合物,优选为淀粉、粘胶纤维、木质素和纤维素中的至少一种;优选,所述包含可碳化有机物的混合物为可碳化有机物与其他不含金属 的有机物和/或不含金属的无机物的混合物;更优选选自煤、天然沥青、石油沥青或煤焦沥青及其组合。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任一项的多孔复合材料,其特征在于,所述无机多孔骨架是具有多孔结构的无机材料,所述无机材料选自碳、硅酸盐、铝酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、锗酸盐、钛酸盐、氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、硼化物、硫化物、硅化物和卤化物及其组合;优选选自碳、硅酸盐、钛酸盐、氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、硼化物及其组合;其中所述氧化物优选选自氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铈和氧化钛及其组合;所述氮化物优选选自氮化硅、氮化硼、氮化锆、氮化铪和氮化钽及其组合;所述碳化物优选选自碳化硅、碳化锆、碳化铪和碳化钽及其组合;所述硼化物优选选自硼化锆、硼化铪和硼化钽及其组合;优选地,所述无机多孔骨架为选自以下中的至少一种:聚合物海绵碳化后得到的碳骨架、无机纤维构成的多孔骨架、无机海绵骨架、无机颗粒堆积构成的骨架、陶瓷前驱体海绵焙烧后得到的陶瓷海绵骨架、陶瓷前驱体纤维焙烧后得到的陶瓷纤维骨架;优选三聚氰胺海绵碳化后的骨架、酚醛树脂海绵碳化后的骨架、硅酸铝纤维的多孔骨架、莫来石纤维的多孔骨架、氧化铝纤维的多孔骨架、氧化锆纤维的多孔骨架、氧化镁纤维的多孔骨架、氮化硼纤维的多孔骨架、碳化硼纤维的多孔骨架、碳化硅纤维的多孔骨架、钛酸钾纤维的多孔骨架、陶瓷前驱体纤维焙烧后得到的陶瓷纤维骨架。
- 制备根据权利要求1-6中任一项的多孔复合材料的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)将所述无机多孔骨架或无机多孔骨架前驱体浸入所述碳材料和/或碳材料前驱体的溶液或分散体中,使无机多孔骨架或无机多孔骨架前驱体的孔隙充满该溶液或分散体;(2)将步骤(1)中得到的多孔材料加热干燥,使得碳材料或碳材料前驱体析出或固化并负载于无机多孔骨架或无机多孔骨架前驱体上;(3)如果采用碳材料前驱体或者无机多孔骨架前驱体中的至少一种作为原料,则进一步进行以下步骤:惰性气体气氛下加热步骤(2)得到的多孔材 料,使得无机多孔骨架前驱体转化为无机多孔骨架,和/或碳材料前驱体还原或碳化。
- 根据权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中碳材料或其前驱体的溶液或分散体包含选自以下的溶剂:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯苯、三氯甲烷、环己烷、己酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、二硫化碳、甲酮、丙酮、环己酮、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、水和醇及其组合;其中,所述醇优选选自丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4–丁二醇、异丙醇、乙醇及其组合;更优选为包含水和/或乙醇的溶剂;进一步优选水和/或乙醇;和/或步骤(1)的溶液或分散体的浓度为0.001-1g/mL,优选为0.002-0.8g/mL,更优选为0.003g-0.5g/mL;和/或步骤(1)中碳材料和/或碳材料前驱体占无机多孔骨架材料或无机多孔骨架材料前驱体与碳材料和/或碳材料前躯体的总质量的0.001%-99.999%,优选0.01%-99.99%,更优选0.1%-99.9%。
- 根据权利要求7或8的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的加热干燥在50-250℃,优选60-200℃,更优选80-180℃的温度下进行;优选通过微波加热,其中微波的功率优选为1W~100KW,更优选为500W-10KW,并且微波加热时间优选为2-200min,更优选为20-200min。
- 根据权利要求7-9中任一项的方法,其特征在于,所述的无机多孔骨架前驱体选自陶瓷前驱体、可碳化有机物的多孔材料或包含可碳化有机物的混合物的多孔材料及其组合;和/或所述碳材料前驱体是氧化石墨烯、改性碳纳米管、改性碳纳米纤维、改性石墨、改性炭黑、改性碳纤维和可碳化有机物或包含可碳化有机物的混合物及其组合;和/或步骤(3)的加热在400-1800℃,优选600-1500℃,更优选800-1200℃的温度下进行;优选通过微波加热,其中微波的功率优选为100W~100KW, 更优选700W~20KW;微波加热的时间优选为0.5-200min,更优选为1-100min。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任一项的多孔复合材料或根据权利要求7-10中任一项的方法制备的多孔复合材料用于微波高温加热、包含有机化合物的物质(例如有机物、包含有机物的混合物和包含有机物的复合材料)的裂解和回收利用或高温催化领域中的用途,例如用于生物质裂解、植物油处理、废旧高分子材料裂解、石油化工裂解、碳纤维复合材料回收、垃圾处理、VOC废气治理或COD污水治理。
- 裂解和/或回收利用包含有机化合物的物质的方法,其中将包含有机化合物的物质与根据权利要求1-6中任一项的多孔复合材料或根据权利要求7-10中任一项的方法制备的多孔复合材料接触,在惰性气氛下或抽真空,对上述包含有机化合物的物质与多孔复合材料施加微波场,多孔复合材料在微波场中产生电弧,从而迅速达到高温而使所述物质中包含的有机化合物裂解;其中所述包含有机化合物的物质例如为有机物、包含有机物的混合物和包含有机物的复合材料,例如选自-废旧塑料,例如为聚烯烃,聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚芳酯中的至少一种,聚酰胺,丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物,聚碳酸酯,聚乳酸,聚氨酯,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚甲醛,聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚中的至少一种,优选为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚乳酸、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚甲醛中的至少一种,更优选为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯和聚酰胺中的至少一种;-废旧橡胶,例如为天然橡胶、顺丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、异戊橡胶、乙丙橡胶、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶、苯乙烯系嵌段共聚物和硅橡胶中的至少一种,优选为天然橡胶、顺丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、异戊橡胶和乙丙橡胶中的至少一种;-生物质,优选为秸秆、蔗渣、树枝、树叶、木屑、稻壳、稻杆、稻草、花生壳、椰子壳、棕榈籽壳、核桃壳、夏威夷果壳、开心果壳、麦秆、玉米杆和玉米芯中的至少一种;-植物油,优选为棕榈油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、花生油、亚麻油和蓖麻油中的至少一种;更优选为棕榈油、菜籽油、葵花籽油和大豆油中的至少一种;-碳纤维复合材料,包含选自以下的聚合物基体:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、酚醛树脂和环氧树脂;和-电路板。
- 根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述包含有机化合物的物质与所述多孔复合材料的重量比为1:99-99:1,优选1:50-50:1,更优选1:30-30:1;和/或,所述微波场的微波功率为1W-100KW;更优选100W-50KW,最优选700W-20KW;和/或,微波照射的时间为0.1-200min;更优选0.5-150min,最优选1-100min。
- 根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述包含有机化合物的物质是碳纤维复合材料,并且在碳纤维复合材料中的聚合物基体裂解后,将留下的碳纤维回收再利用。
- 根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述包含有机化合物的物质是电路板,并且处理所述电路板裂解得到的固体残渣,将其中的金属与非金属组分分离,分别回收再利用;和/或收集所述电路板裂解得到的气体产物。
- 根据权利要求15的方法,其中收集裂解产物中的氢气。
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020217016481A KR20210089187A (ko) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | 마이크로파 장에서 전기 아크를 발생시킬 수 있는 다공성 복합 재료, 이의 제조 방법 및 용도 |
EP19880547.5A EP3876320A4 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | POROUS COMPOSITE MATERIAL CAPABLE OF GENERATING AN ELECTRIC ARC IN A MICROWAVE FIELD, METHOD FOR PREPARING IT AND ITS USE |
CN201980057945.8A CN112823441B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | 能在微波场中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及其制备方法和用途 |
CA3117124A CA3117124A1 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | Porous composite material capable of generating electric arc in microwave field, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
AU2019373610A AU2019373610B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | Porous composite material capable of generating electric arc in microwave field, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
BR112021008076-7A BR112021008076A2 (pt) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | material compósito poroso, método para preparar o material compósito poroso, uso do material compósito poroso e método para pirólise ou reciclagem de uma substância compreendendo um composto orgânico |
JP2021523303A JP2022506131A (ja) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | マイクロ波場において電気アークを生成可能な多孔質複合材料、その調製方法、およびその使用 |
US17/309,134 US20220008882A1 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | Porous Composite Material Capable of Generating Electric Arc in Microwave Field, Preparation Method therefor, and Use thereof |
JP2024107304A JP2024133574A (ja) | 2018-10-29 | 2024-07-03 | マイクロ波場において電気アークを生成可能な多孔質複合材料、その調製方法、およびその使用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (22)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811264451.0 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264452.5 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264454.4 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264452.5A CN111097350B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚氯乙烯的方法 |
CN201811264439.X | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264439.XA CN111100663B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚乙烯的方法 |
CN201811264432.8A CN111100325B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚苯乙烯的方法 |
CN201811264422.4A CN111100661B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧塑料的方法 |
CN201811264455.9 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264455.9A CN111100327B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚丙烯的方法 |
CN201811264425.8A CN111099917B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及制备方法 |
CN201811264424.3 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264420.5 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264415.4 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264451.0A CN111100660B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚酯的方法 |
CN201811264425.8 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264424.3A CN111100665B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解植物油的方法 |
CN201811264422.4 | 2018-10-29 | ||
CN201811264454.4A CN111100326B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解废旧橡胶的方法 |
CN201811264415.4A CN111099943B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解生物质的方法 |
CN201811264420.5A CN111100322B (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | 一种微波高温裂解碳纤维复合材料的方法 |
CN201811264432.8 | 2018-10-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020088173A1 true WO2020088173A1 (zh) | 2020-05-07 |
Family
ID=70463464
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2019/108632 WO2020088173A1 (zh) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-09-27 | 能在微波场中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及其制备方法和用途 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220008882A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3876320A4 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2022506131A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20210089187A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN112823441B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2019373610B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112021008076A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3117124A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI732327B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2020088173A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022101003A1 (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-19 | Coeus Limited | Structural shell |
CN116505117A (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-07-28 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种微波热解碳包覆废旧锂电池负极石墨的装置及方法 |
US12077440B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2024-09-03 | Systima Technologies, Inc. | Method of making graphitic carbon-carbon composite |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112537765B (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江大学自贡创新中心 | 一种锂离子电池碳负极材料的制备方法 |
WO2023000079A1 (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | National Research Council Of Canada | Transforming asphaltenes to carbon fibres |
GB2611330A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-05 | Univ Limerick | Carbon foam materials |
WO2024129241A2 (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-06-20 | West Virginia University Board of Governors on behalf of West Virginia University | Microwave-assisted methods to recover critical materials from electronic waste |
CN115671641B (zh) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-10-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司湖州供电公司 | 一种应用于电化学储能系统的高汽化热多孔灭火介质及其制备方法 |
CN116161659B (zh) * | 2023-03-29 | 2024-04-05 | 华中科技大学 | 一种利用废弃聚乳酸制备多孔碳纳米薄片的方法 |
CN117965009A (zh) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-05-03 | 广州傲群刷业科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维复合材料及其拉丝工艺及应用 |
CN118458709B (zh) * | 2024-07-08 | 2024-10-18 | 浙江工业大学 | 杂元素掺杂多孔氮化硅材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102585860A (zh) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-18 | 四川理工学院 | 一种垃圾微波裂解处理方法 |
CN102709569A (zh) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 常德力元新材料有限责任公司 | 多孔金属复合材料 |
CN103252226A (zh) | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-21 | 王文平 | 一种用于废塑料微波裂解的催化剂及制备方法 |
US20140183415A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Graphene-Based Composite and Method of Preparing the Same |
CN104576085A (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏大学 | 一种用于电容器电极的碳氮复合海绵体材料的制备方法 |
CN104817337A (zh) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种多尺度结构SiC/C多孔复合陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN105728711A (zh) * | 2009-08-05 | 2016-07-06 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | 可透多孔复合材料 |
CN105845937A (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种原位构筑三维多孔碳骨架/石墨烯复合结构的方法 |
CN106520176A (zh) | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种用聚烯烃塑料制取小分子烯烃的方法 |
US20170081197A1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-23 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Porous silicon dioxide-carbon composite and method for preparing high-purity granular beta-phase silicon carbide powder with using the same |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5110692B2 (zh) * | 1971-11-11 | 1976-04-06 | ||
US6184427B1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2001-02-06 | Invitri, Inc. | Process and reactor for microwave cracking of plastic materials |
JP3699992B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-07 | 2005-09-28 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 炭化ケイ素系耐熱性超軽量多孔質構造材及びその製造方法 |
JP5574368B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-18 | 2014-08-20 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 多孔質マイクロ波発熱体とその製造方法及びフィルタとその製造方法 |
EP2692425A1 (de) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-05 | Wieser-linhart, Emil A. J. | Verfahren und Anlage zur Erzeugung von Treibstoffen aus organischen Stoffen mittels gestufter Mikrowellenbehandlung |
CN103268929B (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2015-01-07 | 山东大学 | 一种碳/铜/金属氧化物复合多孔材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN105439563B (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2019-08-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种整体式多孔碳-碳化硅复合材料及其制备和应用 |
CN105586091B (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司大连石油化工研究院 | 一种生物质热解气化方法 |
CN107344855A (zh) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-14 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | 一种含多孔石墨烯微球的多级孔洞泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN108609603B (zh) * | 2018-05-27 | 2022-03-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种含有石墨烯涂层的碳泡沫及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-27 CN CN201980057945.8A patent/CN112823441B/zh active Active
- 2019-09-27 US US17/309,134 patent/US20220008882A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-27 BR BR112021008076-7A patent/BR112021008076A2/pt unknown
- 2019-09-27 WO PCT/CN2019/108632 patent/WO2020088173A1/zh unknown
- 2019-09-27 CA CA3117124A patent/CA3117124A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-27 EP EP19880547.5A patent/EP3876320A4/en active Pending
- 2019-09-27 AU AU2019373610A patent/AU2019373610B2/en active Active
- 2019-09-27 KR KR1020217016481A patent/KR20210089187A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-09-27 JP JP2021523303A patent/JP2022506131A/ja active Pending
- 2019-10-29 TW TW108138985A patent/TWI732327B/zh active
-
2024
- 2024-07-03 JP JP2024107304A patent/JP2024133574A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105728711A (zh) * | 2009-08-05 | 2016-07-06 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | 可透多孔复合材料 |
CN102585860A (zh) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-07-18 | 四川理工学院 | 一种垃圾微波裂解处理方法 |
CN102709569A (zh) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 常德力元新材料有限责任公司 | 多孔金属复合材料 |
US20140183415A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Cheil Industries Inc. | Graphene-Based Composite and Method of Preparing the Same |
CN103252226A (zh) | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-21 | 王文平 | 一种用于废塑料微波裂解的催化剂及制备方法 |
CN104576085A (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏大学 | 一种用于电容器电极的碳氮复合海绵体材料的制备方法 |
CN104817337A (zh) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种多尺度结构SiC/C多孔复合陶瓷及其制备方法 |
US20170081197A1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-23 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Porous silicon dioxide-carbon composite and method for preparing high-purity granular beta-phase silicon carbide powder with using the same |
CN105845937A (zh) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-10 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种原位构筑三维多孔碳骨架/石墨烯复合结构的方法 |
CN106520176A (zh) | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种用聚烯烃塑料制取小分子烯烃的方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3876320A4 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022101003A1 (en) | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-19 | Coeus Limited | Structural shell |
GB2602444A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-07-06 | Coeus Ltd | Structural shell |
GB2602444B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-05-10 | Coeus Ltd | Structural shell |
US12077440B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2024-09-03 | Systima Technologies, Inc. | Method of making graphitic carbon-carbon composite |
CN116505117A (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-07-28 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种微波热解碳包覆废旧锂电池负极石墨的装置及方法 |
CN116505117B (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-02-20 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种微波热解碳包覆废旧锂电池负极石墨的装置及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI732327B (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
KR20210089187A (ko) | 2021-07-15 |
TW202017856A (zh) | 2020-05-16 |
CN112823441B (zh) | 2023-03-24 |
JP2022506131A (ja) | 2022-01-17 |
CA3117124A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
AU2019373610B2 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
CN112823441A (zh) | 2021-05-18 |
EP3876320A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
AU2019373610A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
BR112021008076A2 (pt) | 2021-08-03 |
US20220008882A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
EP3876320A4 (en) | 2022-12-14 |
AU2019373610A8 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
JP2024133574A (ja) | 2024-10-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI732327B (zh) | 能在微波場中產生電弧的多孔複合材料及其製備方法和用途 | |
CN112639058B (zh) | 微波高温裂解包含有机物的固体材料的连续操作方法 | |
CN111099917B (zh) | 一种微波中产生电弧的多孔复合材料及制备方法 | |
CN111100661B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧塑料的方法 | |
CN111097350B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚氯乙烯的方法 | |
CN111099943B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解生物质的方法 | |
CN111100327B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚丙烯的方法 | |
CN111100663B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚乙烯的方法 | |
CN111100325B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚苯乙烯的方法 | |
CN111100660B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解废旧聚酯的方法 | |
KR102721445B1 (ko) | 유기물을 포함하는 고형 물질의 마이크로파 고온 열분해를 위한 연속 조작 방법 | |
CN112570416B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解电路板的方法及其应用 | |
CN111100665B (zh) | 一种微波高温裂解植物油的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19880547 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3117124 Country of ref document: CA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021523303 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112021008076 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019373610 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20190927 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20217016481 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019880547 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20210531 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112021008076 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20210428 |