WO2020084415A1 - 半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、および半導体装置の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor wafer, a module, and an electronic device.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- a semiconductor circuit such as a transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, and a memory device are one mode of a semiconductor device.
- a display device (a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting display device, or the like), a projection device, a lighting device, an electro-optical device, a power storage device, a storage device, a semiconductor circuit, an imaging device, an electronic device, or the like can be said to have a semiconductor device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- One embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter).
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- IC integrated circuit
- image display device also simply referred to as a display device
- Silicon-based semiconductor materials are widely known as semiconductor thin films applicable to transistors, but oxide semiconductors are drawing attention as other materials.
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystalline
- nc nanocrystalline
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 disclose a technique for manufacturing a transistor using an oxide semiconductor having a CAAC structure.
- One object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device having favorable electric characteristics. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with high on-state current. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device which can be miniaturized or highly integrated. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with low power consumption.
- an oxide semiconductor is formed, a first insulator in contact with the oxide semiconductor is formed, a second insulator is formed over the first insulator, and a second insulator is formed.
- a third insulator was deposited on the insulator, an opening was formed in the third insulator, the second insulator, and the first insulator, and the inside of the opening was washed and washed.
- a conductor is embedded in the opening, the first insulator is formed to include an excess oxygen region, and the second insulator has a higher barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, or water than that of the first insulator.
- the opening is processed to have a cylindrical shape or an inverted conical shape.
- One embodiment of the present invention is to form an oxide semiconductor, form a first insulator in contact with the oxide semiconductor, and form a second insulator on the first insulator by a sputtering method in an oxygen atmosphere. Is formed, a third insulator is formed on the second insulator, and openings are formed in the third insulator, the second insulator, and the first insulator. The inside of the part is cleaned, a conductor is embedded in the cleaned opening, the first insulator is silicon oxynitride, the second insulator is aluminum oxide, and the opening is a cylinder or an inverted cone. Is processed into the shape of.
- a first insulator is deposited, an oxide semiconductor is formed over the first insulator, a second insulator in contact with the oxide semiconductor is deposited, and a second insulator is formed.
- a third insulator is deposited on the insulator, a fourth insulator is deposited on the third insulator, and a fourth insulator, a third insulator, and a second insulator are deposited.
- An opening is formed in the body, the inside of the opening is washed, a conductor is embedded in the washed opening, and the second insulator is formed to include an excess oxygen region, and the second insulator, and The third insulator is formed to have a higher barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, or water than the first insulator, and the same material is used for the first insulator and the fourth insulator. Formed so that the first insulator and the second insulator are in contact with each other in the peripheral region of the oxide semiconductor, and the opening is processed into a columnar shape or an inverted cone shape. It is.
- a first insulator is deposited, an oxide semiconductor is formed over the first insulator, a second insulator in contact with the oxide semiconductor is deposited, and a second insulator is formed.
- a third insulator is formed over the insulator by a sputtering method in an oxygen atmosphere, a fourth insulator is formed over the third insulator, a fourth insulator, and a third insulator are formed over the third insulator.
- An opening is formed in the insulator and the second insulator, the inside of the opening is washed, a conductor is embedded in the washed opening, and the first insulator and the fourth insulator are made of silicon nitride.
- the first insulator is silicon oxynitride
- the second insulator is aluminum oxide
- the first insulator and the second insulator are in contact with each other in the peripheral region of the oxide semiconductor,
- the opening is processed to have a cylindrical shape or an inverted conical shape.
- the oxide semiconductor is an In-Ga-Zn oxide.
- a semiconductor device with favorable reliability can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device having favorable electric characteristics can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with high on-state current can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device which can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a low power consumption semiconductor device can be provided.
- 1A and 1B are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A, 2B, and 2C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 3A, 3B, and 3C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A, 6B, and 6C are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between carrier concentration and sheet resistance.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the relationship between carrier concentration and hydrogen concentration.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between carrier concentration and Fermi level.
- 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 14A and 14B are block diagrams illustrating a structural example of a memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, 15F, 15G, and 15H are circuit diagrams each illustrating a structural example of a memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 16A and 16B are schematic views of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, and 17E are schematic views of the memory device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20A is a diagram showing a normal probability plot of the Shift value of the sample according to the example.
- FIG. 20B is a diagram illustrating a normal probability plot of the on-current of the sample according to the example.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing Id-Vd characteristics according to the example.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram showing the drain breakdown voltage VbL dependency according to the example.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating a + DBT test result according to the example.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating a + GBT test result according to the example.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating a + DBT test result according to the example.
- FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating a + GBT test result according to the example.
- FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B are diagrams showing + GBT long-term test results according to the example.
- 25A and 25B are diagrams showing + GBT long-term test results according to the example.
- 26A and 26B are diagrams showing the results of the HC deterioration test according to the example.
- 27A and 27B are diagrams showing the results of the HC deterioration test according to the example.
- 28A, 28B, and 28C are diagrams showing hysteresis evaluation results according to the example.
- 29A, 29B, and 29C are diagrams showing hysteresis evaluation results according to the example.
- the size, the layer thickness, or the region may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to that scale.
- the drawings schematically show ideal examples, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings.
- a layer, a resist mask, or the like may be unintentionally reduced due to a process such as etching, but this may not be reflected in the drawing for easy understanding.
- the same reference numerals are commonly used in different drawings for the same portions or portions having similar functions, and repeated description thereof may be omitted.
- the hatch pattern may be the same and may not be given a reference numeral.
- top views also referred to as “plan views”
- perspective views description of some components may be omitted.
- description of some hidden lines may be omitted.
- the ordinal numbers given as the first, second, etc. are used for convenience, and do not indicate the process order or the stacking order. Therefore, for example, “first” can be replaced with “second” or “third” as appropriate.
- the ordinal numbers described in this specification and the like may be different from the ordinal numbers used to specify one embodiment of the present invention.
- X and Y are connected, the case where X and Y are electrically connected and the case where X and Y function And the case where X and Y are directly connected are disclosed in this specification and the like. Therefore, it is not limited to a predetermined connection relation, for example, the connection relation shown in the drawing or the text, and other than the connection relation shown in the drawing or the text is also disclosed in the drawing or the text.
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- a transistor is an element having at least three terminals including a gate, a drain, and a source. And a region (hereinafter, also referred to as a channel formation region) in which a channel is formed between the drain (drain terminal, drain region or drain electrode) and the source (source terminal, source region or source electrode), A current can flow between the source and the drain via the channel formation region.
- a channel formation region refers to a region in which a current mainly flows.
- the functions of the source and drain may be switched when adopting transistors of different polarities or when the direction of current changes in circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms “source” and “drain” can be interchanged in some cases.
- the channel length means, for example, in a top view of a transistor, a region where a semiconductor (or a portion where current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate electrode overlap with each other or a source in a channel formation region.
- the channel length does not necessarily have the same value in all regions. That is, the channel length of one transistor may not be set to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel length is any one value, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in the channel formation region.
- the channel width is, for example, in a top view of a transistor, a region in which a semiconductor (or a portion of a semiconductor in which a current flows) and a gate electrode overlap with each other in a top view of the transistor, or a channel formation direction in a channel formation region. Is the length of the channel formation region in the vertical direction. Note that in one transistor, the channel width does not necessarily have the same value in all regions. That is, the channel width of one transistor may not be set to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel width is any one value, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in the channel formation region.
- a channel width in a region where a channel is actually formed (hereinafter also referred to as an “effective channel width”) and a channel width shown in a top view of the transistor. (Hereinafter, also referred to as “apparent channel width”).
- the effective channel width becomes larger than the apparent channel width, and the effect thereof may not be negligible.
- the proportion of the channel formation region formed in the side surface of the semiconductor may be large. In that case, the effective channel width is larger than the apparent channel width.
- channel width when simply described as channel width, it may indicate an apparent channel width.
- channel width may mean an effective channel width. Note that the channel length, channel width, effective channel width, apparent channel width, and the like can be determined by analyzing a cross-sectional TEM image or the like.
- semiconductor impurities refer to, for example, components other than the main constituents of semiconductors.
- an element having a concentration of less than 0.1 atomic% can be said to be an impurity. Due to the inclusion of impurities, for example, the defect level density of the semiconductor may increase and the crystallinity may decrease.
- examples of impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include a Group 1 element, a Group 2 element, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a Group 15 element, and an oxide semiconductor.
- transition metals other than the main component such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. Water may also function as an impurity. Further, oxygen vacancies may be formed in the oxide semiconductor due to the mixture of impurities, for example.
- silicon oxynitride has a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as its composition. Further, silicon oxynitride has a composition containing more nitrogen than oxygen.
- the term “insulator” can be restated as an insulating film or an insulating layer.
- the term “conductor” can be referred to as a conductive film or a conductive layer.
- the term “semiconductor” can be restated as a semiconductor film or a semiconductor layer.
- parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 10 ° or more and 10 ° or less. Therefore, the case of -5 ° or more and 5 ° or less is also included.
- substantially parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 30 ° or more and 30 ° or less.
- vertical means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less. Therefore, the case of 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less is included.
- substantially vertical means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 60 ° or more and 120 ° or less.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (Oxide Semiconductor or simply OS), and the like. For example, when a metal oxide is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, the term “OS transistor” can be rephrased as a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- normally-off means that when a potential is not applied to the gate or a ground potential is applied to the gate, the drain current per channel width of 1 ⁇ m flowing in the transistor is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ at room temperature. It is 20 A or less, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A or less at 85 ° C., or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 16 A or less at 125 ° C.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device including a transistor 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by an alternate long and short dash line of L1-L2 in FIG. 1A.
- some elements are omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention includes the substrate 201, the transistor 200, the insulator 280 functioning as an interlayer film, the insulator 282, and the insulator 284, and the conductor 246 connected to the transistor 200.
- a metal oxide functioning as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is used for a semiconductor including a region where a channel is formed (hereinafter also referred to as a channel formation region). Is preferred.
- an oxide semiconductor for example, an In-M-Zn oxide (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium). , Or one or more selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and the like).
- an In—Ga oxide or an In—Zn oxide may be used as the oxide semiconductor.
- the transistor 200 including an oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region has an extremely small leak current in a non-conduction state, so that a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided. Since the oxide semiconductor can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, it can be used for the transistor 200 included in a highly integrated semiconductor device.
- the electrical characteristics of the transistor vary depending on impurities and oxygen vacancies in the oxide semiconductor and the normally-on characteristics (the channel exists even when voltage is not applied to the gate electrode, The characteristic that current flows through is likely to occur.
- the transistor is driven in a state where excess amount of oxygen exceeds an appropriate amount in the oxide semiconductor, the valence of excess oxygen atoms is changed and electric characteristics of the transistor are changed. , Reliability may deteriorate.
- the oxide semiconductor used for the transistor a highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor without impurities, oxygen vacancies, and more oxygen (hereinafter also referred to as excess oxygen) than that in the stoichiometric composition is used. It is preferable.
- oxygen contained in the oxide semiconductor is gradually absorbed by a conductor included in the transistor or a conductor used for a plug or a wiring connected to the transistor, which causes a change over time. For example, oxygen deficiency may occur.
- a structure body having an excess oxygen region in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor of the transistor it is preferable to provide a structure body having an excess oxygen region in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor of the transistor.
- the oxygen deficiency can be compensated by diffusing the excess oxygen of the structure having the excess oxygen region into the oxygen deficiency generated in the oxide semiconductor.
- excess oxygen may change the structure of the oxide semiconductor.
- an insulator containing oxygen is used for the insulator 280 which functions as an interlayer film provided in the vicinity of the transistor 200.
- the insulator 280 it is preferable to use an oxide containing more oxygen than the stoichiometric composition. That is, it is preferable that the insulator 280 be formed with a region in which oxygen is present in excess of the stoichiometric composition (hereinafter also referred to as an excess oxygen region).
- an oxide material from which part of oxygen is released by heating is preferably used.
- An oxide that desorbs oxygen by heating means that the amount of desorbed oxygen molecules is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 molecules in a TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis. / Cm 3 or more, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 molecules / cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 molecules / cm 3 or more, or 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 molecules / cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- silicon oxide containing excess oxygen, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide containing fluorine, silicon oxide containing carbon, silicon oxide containing carbon and nitrogen, and voids are included. Silicon oxide can be used. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable to heat.
- oxygen including at least any of oxygen radicals, oxygen atoms, and oxygen ions
- oxygen ions is introduced into the insulator 280 to form a region containing excess oxygen.
- oxygen introduction treatment there is a method of laminating a metal oxide on the insulator 280 using a sputtering device.
- oxygen can be introduced into the insulator 280 while forming the insulator 282 by performing film formation in an oxygen gas atmosphere using a sputtering apparatus as a means for forming the insulator 282. .
- silicon oxynitride as the insulator 280 and aluminum oxide as the insulator 282.
- silicon oxynitride film By forming an aluminum oxide film over the silicon oxynitride film by a sputtering method, an excess oxygen region can be formed in silicon oxide which is a deposition target.
- aluminum oxide may have a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (hereinafter, also referred to as barrier property).
- barrier property when compared with silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen or impurities such as water and hydrogen.
- the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities or oxygen means the function of suppressing the diffusion of any one or all of the impurities or oxygen.
- a film having a function of suppressing diffusion of hydrogen or oxygen may be a film that hardly permeates hydrogen or oxygen, a film that has low hydrogen or oxygen permeability, a film that has a barrier property against hydrogen or oxygen, or hydrogen or oxygen. May be called a barrier film or the like.
- the barrier film may be referred to as a conductive barrier film.
- impurities such as water and hydrogen can be suppressed from diffusing from above the insulator 282 to the transistor 200 side.
- the insulator 284 is preferably provided over the insulator 282 including a metal oxide.
- the insulator 284 is preferably formed using a material having a high etch rate selection ratio with respect to the metal layer.
- the stacked body including the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 284 has an opening 295 that exposes the transistor 200.
- a conductor 246 that is in contact with the transistor 200 is embedded in the opening 295. Note that an insulator having a barrier property may be provided between the conductor 246 and the stack.
- the opening 295 is preferably provided in a shape having no corner when viewed from above.
- the projected area is circular or elliptical. That is, the opening 295 has a columnar shape or an inverted truncated cone shape. Therefore, it is preferable that the conductor 246 provided in the opening 295 has a columnar shape or an inverted truncated cone shape.
- a conductor 248 which functions as a wiring connected to the conductor 246 may be provided over the insulator 284 and the conductor 246.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor device including the transistor 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note that in the semiconductor devices illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 3C, some elements are omitted for clarity of the drawings.
- the transistor 200 including an oxide semiconductor is formed over the substrate 201.
- the insulator 280 is formed in the vicinity of the transistor 200.
- silicon oxynitride may be formed by a CVD method or a sputtering method.
- the insulator 280 may have a multi-layer structure.
- a structure in which a silicon oxide film is formed by a sputtering method and a silicon oxide film is formed over the silicon oxide film by a CVD method may be employed.
- the insulator 280 may be subjected to CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) to form the insulator 280 having a flat upper surface. That is, the insulator 280 which covers the transistor 200 may function as a planarization film which covers the uneven shape below the insulator 280. With this structure, the coating property of the film arranged above the insulator 280 is improved. Therefore, the insulator 282 can seal the transistor 200 and the insulator 280 without disconnection.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the CVD method can be classified into a plasma CVD (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method that uses plasma, a thermal CVD (TCVD: Thermal CVD) method that uses heat, and a photo CVD (Photo CVD) method that uses light. . Further, it can be divided into a metal CVD (MCVD: Metal CVD) method and an organic metal CVD (MOCVD: Metal Organic CVD) method depending on the raw material gas used.
- PECVD Plasma Enhanced CVD
- TCVD Thermal CVD
- Photo CVD Photo CVD
- MCVD Metal CVD
- MOCVD Metal Organic CVD
- the plasma CVD method can obtain a high quality film at a relatively low temperature. Further, the thermal CVD method is a film forming method which can reduce plasma damage to an object to be processed because plasma is not used. Therefore, a film with few defects can be obtained by using the thermal CVD method.
- the ALD method utilizes the self-controllability, which is a property of atoms, and allows atoms to be deposited one by one. Therefore, it is possible to form an extremely thin film and to form a film with a high aspect ratio. It is possible to form a film with few defects such as holes, form a film with excellent coverage, and form a film at a low temperature.
- the CVD method and the ALD method are film forming methods in which a film is formed by a reaction on the surface of an object to be processed, unlike the film forming method in which particles emitted from a target or the like are deposited. Therefore, the film forming method is not easily affected by the shape of the object to be processed and has good step coverage.
- the ALD method has excellent step coverage and excellent thickness uniformity, and thus is suitable for coating the surface of the opening having a high aspect ratio.
- the ALD method since the ALD method has a relatively low film forming speed, it may be preferable to use it in combination with another film forming method such as a CVD method having a high film forming speed.
- the insulator 282 is formed over the insulator 280.
- the insulator 282 can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
- an aluminum oxide film is preferably formed by a sputtering method.
- the insulator 282 may have a multi-layer structure.
- an aluminum oxide film may be formed by a sputtering method, and silicon nitride may be formed over the aluminum oxide film by a sputtering method.
- oxygen introduction treatment to the insulator 280 can be performed at the same time. Specifically, by forming a film of the insulator 282 in an oxygen gas atmosphere with a sputtering apparatus, oxygen can be introduced into the insulator 280 while forming the film of the insulator 282.
- ions and sputtered particles exist between the target and the substrate.
- a power source is connected to the target and a potential E0 is applied.
- a potential E1 such as a ground potential is applied to the substrate.
- the substrate may be electrically floating.
- Ions in the plasma are accelerated by the potential difference E2-E0 and collide with the target, so that the particles sputtered from the target are repelled.
- a film is formed by depositing and depositing the sputtered particles on the surface of the film.
- some of the ions may recoil by the target, pass through the film formed as recoil ions, and be taken into the insulator 280 which is in contact with the deposition surface.
- the ions in the plasma are accelerated by the potential difference E2-E1 and impact the film formation surface. At this time, some of the ions reach the inside of the insulator 280.
- the ions are taken into the insulator 280, a region where the ions are taken in is formed in the insulator 280. That is, when the ions are ions containing oxygen, an excess oxygen region is formed in the insulator 280.
- the insulator 284 may be formed over the insulator 282.
- the insulator 284 can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
- a film 290A serving as a hard mask is formed on the insulator 284.
- tungsten or tantalum nitride may be formed as the hard mask film 290A by a sputtering method.
- a resist mask 292 is formed on the film 290A to be the hard mask by photolithography (see FIG. 2A).
- a part of the film 290A to be a hard mask is selectively removed to form a hard mask 290B (see FIG. 2B).
- a portion of the insulator 284, the insulator 282, and the insulator 280 is selectively removed using the hard mask 290B, an opening exposing the transistor 200 is formed, and an opening 295 is formed. (See Figure 2C). At this time, part of the hard mask 290B may be removed.
- the openings include, for example, grooves and slits.
- the area where the opening is formed may be referred to as an opening.
- the opening may be formed by wet etching, but dry etching is preferable for fine processing.
- FIG. 3A is an example, and is shown as a batch type cleaning device, but a single-wafer cleaning device using a spin may be used instead.
- the cleaning treatment includes wet cleaning using a cleaning liquid, plasma treatment using plasma, cleaning by heat treatment, and the like, and the above cleaning treatments may be appropriately combined.
- cleaning treatment may be performed using an aqueous solution of ammonia water, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc. diluted with carbonated water or pure water, pure water, carbonated water, or the like. Further, ultrasonic cleaning using these aqueous solution, pure water, or carbonated water may be performed. In addition, these washings may be combined appropriately.
- the batch type cleaning apparatus uses a substrate cassette capable of storing one or more substrates, and the substrate cassette is inserted into a cleaning tank for cleaning.
- the QDR (Quick Dump Rinsing) cleaning process includes, for example, a first step of supplying pure water or carbonated water in the cleaning tank so that it overflows from the cleaning tank while bubbling nitrogen gas, and a shower-like shape in the cleaning tank.
- a second step of discharging pure water or carbonated water in the cleaning tank while supplying pure water or carbonated water a third step of rapidly supplying pure water or carbonated water into the cleaning tank, and a cleaning tank
- a fourth step of supplying pure water or carbonated water so that it overflows from the cleaning tank while bubbling with nitrogen gas is supplying pure water or carbonated water in the cleaning tank so that it overflows from the cleaning tank while bubbling with nitrogen gas.
- the first step, the second step, the third step, and the fourth step should be one cycle, and the number of cycles should be set appropriately as necessary.
- the opening 295 may have a columnar shape or an inverted truncated cone shape. By forming the shape without corners, the by-products remaining in the opening 295 can be easily removed.
- a conductive film 246A is formed so as to cover the opening 295 and the insulator 284.
- the conductive film 246A it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component. Further, the conductive film 246A may have a stacked structure (see FIG. 3B).
- an insulator having a barrier property such as aluminum oxide may be provided only on the side surface of the opening 295.
- the insulator 284 is exposed by removing a part of the conductive film 246A.
- CMP processing can be used for this process, for example.
- an unnecessary structure is removed and the insulator 284 is exposed, so that the conductor 246 remains only in the opening 295.
- part of the insulator 284 may be removed by the CMP treatment (see FIG. 3C).
- a conductor 248 is formed over the conductor 246 and the insulator 284.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used.
- the conductor may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminate of titanium or titanium nitride and the above conductive material. Note that the conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in the opening provided in the insulator.
- a semiconductor device with favorable reliability can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device having favorable electric characteristics can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with high on-state current can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device which can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with low power consumption.
- the oxide semiconductor included in the transistor 200 has electrical characteristics that are changed by impurities such as hydrogen, water, or a metal oxide, it is preferable to block intrusion of impurities from the outside.
- the transistor 200 it is preferable to seal the transistor 200 with an insulator having a barrier property.
- excess oxygen included in the insulator 280 is a structure other than that of the oxide semiconductor of the transistor 200. It is possible to suppress the diffusion to the body.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 4A includes an insulator 247 on a side surface of the opening 295.
- a barrier property is provided between the insulator 280 having the excess oxygen region and the conductor 246 provided in the insulator 280.
- the conductor 246 has a function as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the transistor 200.
- the insulator 247 is provided in contact with the sidewalls of the openings of the insulator 284, the insulator 282, and the insulator 280, and the conductor 246 is formed in contact with the side surface thereof.
- the transistor 200 is located at least at part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 246 is in contact with the transistor 200.
- the insulator 247 for example, an insulator that can be used for the insulator 282 and the like may be used. In particular, it is preferable to use aluminum oxide or the like formed by the ALD method.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 4B includes an insulator 212 functioning as a barrier layer and an insulator 283 above and below the transistor 200. Further, the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 have a structure in which they are in contact with each other at a side surface of the transistor 200 or a region 297 which is an end portion of the substrate. That is, the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 4B has a structure in which the transistor 200 and the insulator 280 including an excess oxygen region are sealed with a barrier layer.
- the insulator 283 is provided over the insulator 282.
- the insulator 284 is made of a material having a large etch rate selection ratio with respect to the conductor 248 when the conductor 248 is processed. Therefore, the insulator 284 may be provided over the insulator 283 as needed.
- silicon nitride can be used as the insulator 212 and the insulator 283, for example.
- silicon nitride can be used.
- aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, metal oxides such as neodymium oxide or tantalum oxide, and nitrides such as silicon nitride oxide. can be used.
- the insulator 283 preferably uses a different film type from the insulator 282. By stacking different film types, it is possible to suppress diffusion of more types of impurities with respect to impurities that enter from the outside. Specifically, aluminum oxide is preferably used for the insulator 282 and silicon nitride is preferably used for the insulator 283.
- the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 use the same film type.
- the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 are in contact with each other in the region 297.
- the adhesion between the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 can be improved.
- the region 297 may be provided so as to surround the region where the plurality of transistors 200 is provided.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with high on-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with low off-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor according to one embodiment of the present invention is a transistor including an oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region.
- FIG. 5A to 5D are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device including the transistor 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- 5B to 5D are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by a chain line of A1-A2 in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5D is a cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line A5-A6 in FIG. 5A.
- some elements are omitted for clarity of the drawing.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention includes the transistor 200, the insulator 214 functioning as an interlayer film, the insulator 216, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 284. Note that the insulator 280 is provided at least in contact with the oxide 230.
- the transistor 200 includes a conductor 205 arranged over a substrate (not shown) and embedded in an insulator 216, and a conductor 205 over and over the insulator 216.
- the insulator 222 provided over the body 205, the insulator 224 provided over the insulator 222, and the oxide 230 (the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide provided over the insulator 224).
- Object 230c) the insulator 250 placed on the oxide 230, the conductor 260 (the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b) placed on the insulator 250, and part of the upper surface of the oxide 230b.
- a conductor 240a and a conductor 240b which are in contact with the conductor 240a, an insulator 245a over the conductor 240a, and an insulator 245b over the conductor 240b.
- a metal functioning as an oxide semiconductor is included in the oxide 230 (the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c) including a region where a channel is formed (hereinafter also referred to as a channel formation region).
- An oxide hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor is used.
- the oxide 230 preferably has a laminated structure due to oxides having different chemical compositions.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably higher than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b.
- oxide 230c a metal oxide that can be used for the oxide 230a or the oxide 230b can be used.
- the oxide 230b is an In-Ga-Zn oxide, In-Ga-Zn oxide, Ga-Zn oxide, gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the oxide 230a and the oxide 230c.
- the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c preferably have crystallinity.
- a CAAC-OS c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor
- An oxide having crystallinity such as CAAC-OS has a dense structure with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies) and high crystallinity. Therefore, extraction of oxygen from the oxide 230b by the source electrode or the drain electrode can be suppressed. Further, even if heat treatment is performed, oxygen extraction from the oxide 230b can be reduced; thus, the transistor 200 is stable against a high temperature (so-called thermal budget) in a manufacturing process.
- the oxide 230 has a structure in which three layers of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c are stacked; however, the present invention is not limited to this.
- a single layer of the oxide 230b, a two-layer structure of the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, a two-layer structure of the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c, or a stacked structure of four or more layers may be provided, or oxidation may be performed.
- Each of the object 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c may have a laminated structure.
- the side surface of the oxide 230b and the side surface of the conductor 240 are preferably substantially perpendicular to the surface where the insulator 224 and the oxide 230a are in contact with each other.
- the side surface of the oxide 230b and the side surface of the conductor 240 are 60 degrees or more and 95 degrees or less, preferably 88 degrees or more 92 with respect to a surface where the insulator 224 and the oxide 230a are in contact with each other. It is good to set it to below.
- the upper end portion of the oxide 230 in the channel formation region has a shape having a curvature. That is, in the channel formation region, the top surface and the side surface of the oxide 230 may have a shape which is smoothly connected by a curved surface without forming a corner portion. Since the channel formation region does not have a corner portion, electric field concentration due to the electric field of either or both of the conductor 260 functioning as the first gate electrode and the conductor 205 functioning as the second gate electrode does not occur. The deterioration of the oxide 230 can be suppressed.
- the upper end portion of the oxide 230 in the region overlapping with the conductor 240 has a smaller curvature than the upper end portion of the oxide 230 in the channel formation region.
- the above structure can be formed by processing the oxide 230b and the conductor 240 using the same mask. Therefore, the conductor 240 overlaps with the projected area of the oxide 230b, so that a minute transistor can be manufactured.
- the conductor 260 functions as a first gate electrode (also referred to as a top gate).
- the transistor 200 is provided by filling the conductor 260 in an opening formed in the insulator 280 or the like.
- part of the conductive layer to be the conductor 240 is exposed at the bottom of the opening provided in the insulator 280.
- the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b are formed by removing a region overlapping with the bottom portion of the opening provided in the insulator 280.
- the end of the conductor 240a and the end of the conductor 240b are flush with the side surface of the opening.
- the conductor 260 is self-aligned in a region between the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b without aligning the conductor 260. Can be arranged as desired.
- the top surface of the conductor 260 is substantially aligned with the top surface of the insulator 250 and the top surface of the oxide 230c.
- the shortest distance between the surface where the conductor 260 and the insulator 250 are in contact with the upper surface of the insulator 222 is the oxide 230b and the oxide. It is preferable that the distance is shorter than the shortest distance between the surface in contact with the object 230a and the upper surface of the insulator 222. That is, in the channel width direction of the transistor 200, the side surface of the oxide 230b is covered with the conductor 260 at least with the insulator 250 interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 260 functioning as a gate electrode covers the side surface and the upper surface of the channel formation region of the oxide 230b through the insulator 250 or the like, the electric field of the conductor 260 is changed to the channel formation region of the oxide 230b. It works on the whole. Therefore, the on-state current of the transistor 200 can be increased and the frequency characteristics can be improved.
- the conductor 260 preferably has a conductor 260a and a conductor 260b arranged on the conductor 260a.
- the conductor 260a is preferably arranged so as to surround the bottom surface and the side surface of the conductor 260b.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitric oxide molecules, and copper atoms.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules is preferably used.
- the conductor 260a has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen, it is possible to prevent oxygen contained in the insulator 250 from oxidizing the conductor 260b to reduce the conductivity.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used.
- the conductor 260 also functions as a wiring, it is preferable to use a conductor having high conductivity.
- the conductor 260b can be formed using a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component.
- the conductor 260b may have a stacked structure, for example, a stacked structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the above conductive material.
- the conductor 260 is illustrated as a two-layer structure of the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b, but may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- the conductor 205 functions as a second gate (also referred to as a bottom gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 200 is changed by changing the potential applied to the conductor 205 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 260. (Vth) can be controlled. In particular, by applying a negative potential to the conductor 205, Vth of the transistor 200 can be further increased and off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, applying a negative potential to the conductor 205 can reduce the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 260 is 0 V, as compared to the case where no potential is applied.
- the conductor 205 is arranged so as to overlap with the oxide 230 and the conductor 260. Further, the conductor 205 is preferably embedded in the insulator 214 or the insulator 216 and provided.
- the conductor 205 is preferably provided larger than the channel formation region in the oxide 230 in the channel width direction.
- the conductor 205 is preferably extended so as to intersect with the channel width direction of the oxide 230.
- the conductor 205 and the conductor 260 overlap with each other with an insulator provided outside the side surface of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction.
- the electric field of the conductor 260 functioning as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 205 functioning as the second gate electrode electrically surround the channel formation region of the oxide 230.
- the conductor 205 is illustrated as a structure in which the first conductor and the second conductor are stacked, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 205 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- an ordinal number may be given in the order of formation to distinguish them.
- the first conductor of the conductor 205 is an impurity such as a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, or the like), a copper atom, or the like. It is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion. Alternatively, a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) is preferably used.
- the first conductor of the conductor 205 may be a single layer or a stacked layer of the above conductive material.
- the first conductor of the conductor 205 may be a stack of tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, or ruthenium oxide and titanium or titanium nitride.
- the second conductor of the conductor 205 is illustrated as a single layer, it may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium or titanium nitride and the conductive material.
- the conductor 205 is extended so that it also functions as wiring.
- the invention is not limited to this, and a conductor functioning as a wiring may be provided below the conductor 205. Further, it is not always necessary to provide one conductor 205 for each transistor. For example, the conductor 205 may be shared by a plurality of transistors.
- the conductor 240 (conductor 240a and conductor 240b) functions as a source electrode or a drain electrode.
- TaNxOy is preferably used as the conductor 240.
- TaNxOy may include aluminum.
- titanium nitride, a nitride containing titanium and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, or the like may be used. These materials are preferable because they are conductive materials that are difficult to oxidize or materials that maintain conductivity even when absorbing oxygen.
- an insulator 245 functioning as a barrier layer may be provided over the conductor 240.
- the insulator 245 preferably contacts the upper surface of the conductor 240, as shown in FIG. 5B. With such a structure, absorption of excess oxygen in the insulator 280 by the conductor 240 can be suppressed. Further, by suppressing the oxidation of the conductor 240, an increase in contact resistance between the transistor 200 and the wiring can be suppressed. Therefore, the transistor 200 can have favorable electric characteristics and reliability.
- the insulator 245 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen.
- the insulator 245 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen as compared with the insulator 280.
- an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium may be formed.
- an insulator containing aluminum nitride may be used.
- the insulator 250 functions as a first gate insulator.
- the insulator 250 is preferably arranged in contact with the upper surface of the oxide 230c.
- the insulator 250 is formed of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, fluorine-added silicon oxide, carbon-added silicon oxide, carbon-nitrogen-added silicon oxide, vacant silicon oxide, or the like. Can be used. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable to heat.
- microwave insulating plasma treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen after the insulator 250 is formed.
- hydrogen, water, or impurities which are impurities in the insulator 250 can be removed.
- the film quality of the insulator 250 is modified, whereby diffusion of hydrogen, water, impurities, or the like can be suppressed. Therefore, diffusion of hydrogen, water, or impurities into the oxide 230 through the insulator 250 is suppressed by a post-process such as formation of a conductive film to be the conductor 260 or a post-process such as heat treatment. be able to.
- the binding energy of hydrogen atoms and silicon atoms in solid silicon oxide is 3.3 eV
- the binding energy of carbon atoms and silicon atoms is 3.4 eV
- the binding energy of nitrogen atoms and silicon atoms is 3.5 eV. Therefore, in order to remove the hydrogen atom bonded to the silicon atom, at least a radical or ion having an energy of 3.3 eV or more is caused to collide with the bonding portion between the hydrogen atom and the silicon atom, whereby the hydrogen atom and the silicon atom are separated from each other. A bond with an atom can be broken.
- radicals or ions having at least energy higher than binding energy are made to collide with the bond portion between the impurity atom and the silicon atom, so that It is possible to break the bond with the silicon atom.
- radicals and ions generated by plasma excited by microwaves a ground state O ( 3 P) of an oxygen atom radical, a first excited state O ( 1 D) of an oxygen atom radical, and a monovalent oxygen molecule Cation O 2 + and the like.
- the energy of O ( 3 P) is 2.42 eV and the energy of O ( 1 D) is 4.6 eV.
- O 2 + has an electric charge and is accelerated by the potential distribution in the plasma and the bias, the energy is not uniquely determined, but at least the internal energy alone has a higher energy than that of O ( 1 D). To have.
- radicals such as O ( 1 D) and O 2 + , and ions break the bonds between hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms in the insulator 250 and the silicon atoms, and hydrogen bonded to the silicon atoms, Nitrogen and carbon can be removed. Further, impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon can be reduced also by heat energy applied to the substrate when performing microwave-excited plasma treatment.
- O ( 3 P) since O ( 3 P) has low reactivity, it does not react with the insulator 250 and diffuses deep into the film. Alternatively, O ( 3 P) reaches the oxide 230 through the insulator 250 and diffuses into the oxide 230.
- O ( 3 P) diffused in the oxide 230 approaches the oxygen deficiency containing hydrogen, hydrogen in the oxygen deficiency is released from the oxygen deficiency, and O ( 3 P) enters the oxygen deficiency instead. , Oxygen deficiency is compensated. Therefore, generation of electrons that are carriers can be suppressed in the oxide 230.
- the ratio of O ( 3 P) to all radicals and ionic species is increased by performing microwave-excited plasma treatment under high pressure conditions.
- the microwave excitation plasma treatment may be performed at a pressure of 133 Pa or higher, preferably 200 Pa, more preferably 400 Pa or higher.
- the oxygen flow rate ratio (O 2 / O 2 + Ar) is 50% or less, preferably 10% or more and 30% or less.
- an oxide material from which part of oxygen is released by heating is preferably used.
- the oxide that desorbs oxygen by heating means that the amount of desorbed oxygen molecules is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 molecules / cm 3 or more, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 molecules, in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis. / Cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 molecules / cm 3 or more, or 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 molecules / cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- oxygen is effectively supplied to the channel formation region of the oxide 230b and the channel of the oxide 230b is formed. Oxygen deficiency in the region can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a transistor which suppresses fluctuations in electrical characteristics, has stable electrical characteristics, and has improved reliability. Further, the concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 250 is preferably reduced.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 250 and the conductor 260.
- the metal oxide preferably suppresses diffusion of oxygen from the insulator 250 to the conductor 260.
- oxygen diffusion from the insulator 250 to the conductor 260 is suppressed. That is, a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the oxide 230 can be suppressed.
- oxidation of the conductor 260 due to oxygen in the insulator 250 can be suppressed.
- the above metal oxide may have a function as a part of the gate insulator. Therefore, when silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like is used for the insulator 250, the metal oxide is preferably a high-k material having a high relative dielectric constant.
- the gate insulator has a stacked structure of the insulator 250 and the above metal oxide, a stacked structure having high heat stability and a high relative dielectric constant can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the gate potential applied during the operation of the transistor while maintaining the physical film thickness of the gate insulator. Further, it is possible to reduce the equivalent oxide film thickness (EOT) of the insulator functioning as the gate insulator.
- EOT equivalent oxide film thickness
- a metal oxide containing one kind or two or more kinds selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium and the like can be used.
- an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium it is preferable to use an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium.
- the metal oxide may have a function as a part of the first gate electrode.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used as the oxide 230 can be used as the metal oxide.
- the conductor 260 by a sputtering method, the electric resistance value of the metal oxide can be reduced and the conductor can be used.
- the on-state current of the transistor 200 can be improved without weakening the influence of the electric field from the conductor 260.
- the leakage current between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 is maintained. Can be suppressed.
- the physical distance between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 and the electric field strength applied from the conductor 260 to the oxide 230 can be reduced. It can be easily adjusted appropriately.
- the insulator 222 and the insulator 224 function as a second gate insulator.
- the insulator 222 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of hydrogen (for example, at least one of a hydrogen atom and a hydrogen molecule). Further, the insulator 222 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules). For example, the insulator 222 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of one or both of hydrogen and oxygen as compared with the insulator 224.
- an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, which are insulating materials may be used.
- the insulator it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like.
- the insulator 222 releases oxygen from the oxide 230 to the substrate side and diffuses impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 200 to the oxide 230.
- the conductor 205 can be prevented from reacting with the insulator 224 and oxygen contained in the oxide 230.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to the above insulator.
- these insulators may be nitrided.
- the insulator 222 may be formed by stacking silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride on these insulators.
- the insulator 222 is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), or (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST).
- An insulator including a so-called high-k material may be used in a single layer or a stacked layer. As transistors become finer and more highly integrated, thinning of the gate insulator may cause problems such as leakage current. By using a high-k material for the insulator functioning as a gate insulator, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- the insulator 224 in contact with the oxide 230 is preferably desorbed by heating.
- the insulator 224 may be formed using silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like as appropriate.
- the insulator 222 and the insulator 224 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the laminated structure is not limited to the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
- the insulator 214, the insulator 216, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 284 function as an interlayer film.
- the insulator 214 preferably functions as an insulating barrier film which suppresses diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen from the substrate side into the transistor 200. Therefore, the insulator 214 has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitric oxide molecules (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, etc.), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use an insulating material. Alternatively, an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) is preferably used.
- the insulator 214 it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, or the like as the insulator 214. Accordingly, impurities such as water and hydrogen can be suppressed from diffusing from the substrate side to the transistor 200 side with respect to the insulator 214. Alternatively, oxygen contained in the insulator 224 or the like can be suppressed from diffusing toward the substrate side of the insulator 214.
- the insulator 214 may have a stacked structure including two or more layers. In that case, the laminated structure is not limited to the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials. For example, a stacked layer of aluminum oxide and silicon nitride may be used.
- the insulator 214 it is preferable to use silicon nitride formed by a sputtering method. Accordingly, the hydrogen concentration in the insulator 214 can be reduced, and impurities such as water and hydrogen can be further suppressed from diffusing from the substrate side of the insulator 214 to the transistor 200 side.
- the insulator 216 functioning as an interlayer film preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 214.
- a material having a low dielectric constant as the interlayer film, it is possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, silicon oxide having holes Etc. may be used as appropriate.
- the insulator 216 has a low hydrogen concentration and a region where oxygen is present in excess of the stoichiometric composition (hereinafter also referred to as an excess oxygen region) or oxygen released by heating (hereinafter also referred to as excess oxygen). ) are preferred.
- the insulator 216 silicon oxide formed by a sputtering method is preferably used. Accordingly, hydrogen can be prevented from entering the oxide 230, or oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 230 and oxygen vacancies in the oxide 230 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a transistor which suppresses fluctuations in electrical characteristics, has stable electrical characteristics, and has improved reliability.
- the insulator 216 may have a laminated structure.
- the insulator 216 may be provided with an insulator similar to the insulator 214 at least in a portion in contact with the side surface of the conductor 205.
- oxidation of the conductor 205 due to oxygen contained in the insulator 216 can be suppressed.
- the conductor 205 can suppress a decrease in the amount of oxygen contained in the insulator 216.
- the insulator 280 is provided on the insulator 224, the oxide 230, and the conductor 240. Further, the upper surface of the insulator 280 may be flattened.
- the insulator 280 functioning as an interlayer film preferably has a low dielectric constant.
- the insulator 280 is preferably provided using a material similar to that of the insulator 216, for example.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- a material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon oxide having pores is preferable because a region containing oxygen which is released by heating can be easily formed.
- the concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 280 is reduced.
- the insulator 280 preferably has a low hydrogen concentration and has an excess oxygen region or excess oxygen; for example, a material similar to that of the insulator 216 may be used.
- the insulator 280 may have a stacked structure including two or more layers.
- the insulator 282 preferably functions as an insulating barrier film that suppresses diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen from above into the insulator 280.
- the insulator 282 preferably has a low hydrogen concentration and has a function of suppressing diffusion of hydrogen, like the insulator 214 and the like.
- the insulator 282 is preferably in contact with the top surfaces of the conductor 260, the insulator 250, and the oxide 230c.
- impurities such as hydrogen contained in the insulator 284 and the like can be prevented from entering the insulator 250. Therefore, adverse effects on the electrical characteristics of the transistor and the reliability of the transistor can be suppressed.
- the insulator 284 preferably has a low dielectric constant similarly to the insulator 216 and the like.
- the insulator 284 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the film, like the insulator 224 and the like.
- ⁇ substrate As a substrate for forming the transistor 200, for example, an insulator substrate, a semiconductor substrate, or a conductor substrate may be used.
- the insulating substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a stabilized zirconia substrate (such as a yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate), and a resin substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate include a semiconductor substrate made of silicon or germanium, or a compound semiconductor substrate made of silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, or gallium oxide.
- a semiconductor substrate having an insulator region inside the above-mentioned semiconductor substrate for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate.
- the conductor substrate include a graphite substrate, a metal substrate, an alloy substrate, and a conductive resin substrate.
- a substrate including a metal nitride, a substrate including a metal oxide, or the like can be given.
- a substrate in which a conductor or a semiconductor is provided on an insulator substrate a substrate in which a conductor or an insulator is provided in a semiconductor substrate, a substrate in which a semiconductor or an insulator is provided on a conductor substrate, and the like.
- a substrate provided with an element may be used.
- the elements provided on the substrate include a capacitance element, a resistance element, a switch element, a light emitting element, a storage element, and the like.
- insulator examples include an insulating oxide, a nitride, an oxynitride, a nitrided oxide, a metal oxide, a metal oxynitride, and a metal nitride oxide.
- the gate insulator may cause problems such as leakage current.
- a high-k material for the insulator functioning as a gate insulator it is possible to reduce the voltage during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- a material having a low relative dielectric constant for the insulator functioning as the interlayer film it is possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings. Therefore, the material may be selected depending on the function of the insulator.
- gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium, an oxynitride containing aluminum and hafnium, an oxide containing silicon and hafnium, and silicon and hafnium are given. And the like, or a nitride containing silicon and hafnium.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, empty Silicon oxide having holes, resin, or the like is used as the insulator having a low relative dielectric constant.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor is surrounded by an insulator (an insulator 214, an insulator 222, an insulator 245, an insulator 282, or the like) having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen.
- the electrical characteristics of the transistor can be stabilized.
- the insulator having a function of suppressing the penetration of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, and zirconium.
- Insulators containing lanthanum, lanthanum, neodymium, hafnium, or tantalum may be used in a single layer or stacked layers.
- an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide
- a metal oxide such as tantalum oxide, a metal nitride such as aluminum nitride, silicon nitride oxide, or silicon nitride can be used.
- the insulator functioning as a gate insulator is preferably an insulator having a region containing oxygen which is released by heating.
- the structure in which silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride having a region containing oxygen which is released by heating is in contact with the oxide 230, oxygen vacancies in the oxide 230 can be compensated.
- ⁇ conductor aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, strontium, lanthanum. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from the above, an alloy containing the above metal element as a component, an alloy in which the above metal elements are combined, or the like.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, or the like is used. It is preferable. Further, tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxide containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize.
- a conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even when absorbing oxygen is preferable.
- a semiconductor having high electric conductivity which is typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, or silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
- a plurality of conductive layers formed of the above materials may be laminated and used.
- a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen are combined may be used.
- a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing nitrogen are combined may be used.
- a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element, a conductive material containing oxygen, and a conductive material containing nitrogen are combined may be used.
- a stacked-layer structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen are combined is used for a conductor functioning as a gate electrode.
- a conductive material containing oxygen is preferably provided on the channel formation region side.
- a conductive material containing oxygen and a metal element contained in a metal oxide in which a channel is formed as a conductor functioning as a gate electrode.
- a conductive material containing the above metal element and nitrogen may be used.
- a conductive material containing nitrogen such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride may be used.
- indium tin oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, and silicon were added.
- Indium tin oxide may be used.
- indium gallium zinc oxide containing nitrogen may be used.
- ⁇ metal oxide As the oxide 230, a metal oxide which functions as an oxide semiconductor is preferably used. The metal oxide applicable to the oxide 230 according to the present invention will be described below.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc. Further, in addition to them, gallium, yttrium, tin, etc. are preferably contained. Further, one or more selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium and the like may be contained.
- the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, the element M, and zinc.
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin.
- Other elements applicable to the element M include boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten and magnesium.
- a combination of a plurality of the above-mentioned elements may be used as the element M.
- metal oxides having nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides. Further, the metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- Oxide semiconductors are classified into single crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single crystal oxide semiconductors other than those.
- the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor for example, a CAAC-OS, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystal oxide semiconductor), a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), And amorphous oxide semiconductors.
- CAAC-OS has a crystal structure having a c-axis orientation and a plurality of nanocrystals connected in the ab plane direction and having a strain.
- the strain refers to a portion in which the orientation of the lattice arrangement is changed between a region where the lattice arrangement is uniform and another region where the lattice arrangement is uniform in the region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are basically hexagonal, but they are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons.
- the strain may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon.
- a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon.
- the CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter, an In layer) and a layer containing elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter, a (M, Zn) layer) are stacked. It tends to have a structure (also called a layered structure).
- indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M of the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer.
- the indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can be expressed as an (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a metal oxide with high crystallinity.
- the CAAC-OS since it is difficult to confirm a clear crystal grain boundary, it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary is unlikely to occur.
- the crystallinity of a metal oxide might be lowered due to the inclusion of impurities, the generation of defects, or the like; therefore, the CAAC-OS can be referred to as a metal oxide with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, the metal oxide having CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the metal oxide having CAAC-OS is highly heat resistant and highly reliable.
- Nc-OS has a periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less). Moreover, in the nc-OS, no regularity is found in the crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is seen in the entire film. Therefore, the nc-OS may be indistinguishable from the a-like OS or the amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- In-Ga-Zn oxide which is a kind of metal oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc, may have a stable structure by using the above-described nanocrystal. is there.
- IGZO tends to have difficulty in crystal growth in the atmosphere, and thus a smaller crystal (for example, the above-mentioned nanocrystal) is used than a large crystal (here, a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm).
- a large crystal here, a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm.
- it may be structurally stable.
- the a-like OS is a metal oxide having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the crystallinity of the a-like OS is lower than that of the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- the transistor When impurities are mixed in the oxide semiconductor, defect levels or oxygen vacancies may be formed. Therefore, when impurities are mixed in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor, the electrical characteristics of the transistor including the oxide semiconductor are likely to change and reliability may be deteriorated. If the channel formation region contains oxygen vacancies, the transistor is likely to have normally-on characteristics.
- the above defect levels may include trap levels.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the metal oxide takes a long time to disappear and may behave like a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor including a metal oxide with a high trap level density in a channel formation region might have unstable electrical characteristics.
- the crystallinity of the channel formation region may be lowered, and the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel formation region may be lowered.
- the stability or reliability of the transistor tends to be deteriorated.
- the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel formation region is low, an interface state is formed, which might deteriorate the stability or reliability of the transistor.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- the concentration of the above impurity obtained by SIMS is 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of the above impurities obtained by elemental analysis using EDX in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor and its vicinity is 1.0 atomic% or less.
- the concentration ratio of the impurity to the element M in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor and the vicinity thereof is less than 0.10, preferably 0.05. Less than
- the concentration of the element M used when calculating the concentration ratio may be the concentration in the same region as the region in which the impurity concentration is calculated, or may be the concentration in the oxide semiconductor.
- the trap level density may be low.
- V O H acts as a donor, sometimes electrons serving as carriers are generated.
- part of hydrogen may be bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron which is a carrier.
- a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing a large amount of hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics.
- hydrogen in an oxide semiconductor is likely to move due to stress such as heat or an electric field; therefore, when a large amount of hydrogen is contained in the oxide semiconductor, reliability of the transistor might be deteriorated.
- the highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic it is preferable that the highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic.
- the V O H to obtain a sufficiently reduced oxide semiconductor, the moisture in the oxide semiconductor, to remove impurities such as hydrogen (dehydration, may be described as dehydrogenation.) It is important to supply oxygen to the oxide semiconductor to fill oxygen vacancies (sometimes referred to as oxygenation treatment).
- the V O H oxide semiconductor impurity is sufficiently reduced such by using a channel formation region of the transistor, it is possible to have stable electrical characteristics.
- an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor it is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor.
- the concentration of impurities in the oxide semiconductor may be lowered and the density of defect states may be lowered.
- low impurity concentration and low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- impurities in the oxide semiconductor include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to become water, which might cause oxygen deficiency in the oxide semiconductor.
- the transistor When the channel formation region in the oxide semiconductor contains oxygen vacancies, the transistor might have normally-on characteristics. Further, a defect in which hydrogen is contained in an oxygen vacancy may function as a donor and an electron which is a carrier may be generated. In addition, part of hydrogen may be bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron which is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor which contains a large amount of hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics.
- Defects containing hydrogen to an oxygen vacancy can function as a donor of the oxide semiconductor.
- the oxide semiconductor may be evaluated not by the donor concentration but by the carrier concentration. Therefore, in this specification and the like, a carrier concentration which is assumed to be a state where no electric field is applied may be used as a parameter of the oxide semiconductor, instead of the donor concentration. That is, the “carrier concentration” described in this specification and the like can be called the “donor concentration” in some cases.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3. It is less than 3 , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 , and even more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 , and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3. It is more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 , further preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the lower limit of the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region is not particularly limited and can be set to, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the relationship between the carrier concentration of a semiconductor and the sheet resistance should satisfy the following mathematical expression (1), where n is the carrier concentration, Rs is the sheet resistance, e is the elemental amount, ⁇ is the mobility, and t is the film thickness. It has been known.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between carrier concentration and sheet resistance for 70 types of samples in which various treatments such as bake treatment were performed on oxide semiconductor films formed using sputtering targets having the same composition and carrier concentrations were changed. It is the figure which plotted.
- data indicated by circles are data of a sample (number of samples: 53) of a single film of an oxide semiconductor film, and data indicated by triangles are data of a silicon oxynitride film on the oxide semiconductor film. It is data of a sample (number of samples: 17) of a laminated film provided with a protective film such as a film.
- the mobility ⁇ was calculated to be 15 cm 2 / Vs and the film thickness t was 35 nm.
- the mobility ⁇ is actually a function of the carrier concentration n, but here it is calculated as a constant.
- the measured values of the carrier concentration and the sheet resistance of the oxide semiconductor film generally satisfy Equation (1) if the oxide semiconductor film is formed by using a sputtering target having the same composition. I understand.
- FIG. 9A and 9B are diagrams in which the relationship between hydrogen concentration and carrier concentration is plotted for the same 70 types of samples as in FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a plot of data of a single film sample
- FIG. 9B is a plot of data of a sample in which a protective film is provided over an oxide semiconductor film.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B suggest that in an oxide semiconductor, almost all hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor film contributes to generation of carriers (conduction electrons) in the degenerate region. On the other hand, in the non-degenerate region, it is suggested that hydrogen that does not contribute to the generation of carriers (conduction electrons) exists due to the change in the existing form of hydrogen.
- the calculation results are shown at a temperature of 300K.
- the Fermi level Ef depends on the carrier concentration n, and the higher the carrier concentration n, the closer to the conduction band lower end (Ec). For example, when the carrier concentration n is 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 3 , the Fermi level Ef is located below the conduction band lower end (Ec) by about 0.4 eV. Moreover, when the carrier concentration n is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm ⁇ 3 , the Fermi level Ef substantially matches the intrinsic Fermi level (Ei).
- the Fermi level Ef is approximately the intrinsic Fermi level (Ei).
- the matching carrier concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the standard of carrier concentration (donor concentration) in the oxide semiconductor film for obtaining normally-off electrical characteristics is approximately 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor can be considered to be substantially i-type. It can be seen from FIG. 10 that the Fermi level Ef when the carrier concentration n is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 exists near the lower end of the conduction band (Ec).
- a semiconductor device with favorable reliability can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device having favorable electric characteristics can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with high on-state current can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device which can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with low power consumption.
- FIG. 6A shows a top view.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by the alternate long and short dash line A1-A2 in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 6A.
- some elements are omitted for clarity.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6C is different from the semiconductor devices illustrated in FIGS. 5A to 5D in that the oxide 230b has a stacked structure. Further, the oxide 230c is different in that it has a stacked structure. In addition, an insulator 273 and an insulator 274 are different.
- the oxide 230c may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. For example, in FIGS. 6A-6C, there is a first oxide of oxide 230c and a second oxide of oxide 230c disposed over the first oxide of oxide 230c.
- the first oxide of the oxide 230c preferably contains at least one of the metal elements forming the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b, and more preferably contains all the metal elements.
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide is used as the first oxide of the oxide 230c
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide, a Ga—Zn oxide, or an oxide is used as the second oxide of the oxide 230c. It is preferable to use gallium. With this structure, the density of defect states at the interface between the oxide 230b and the first oxide of the oxide 230c can be reduced.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230c is preferably a metal oxide that suppresses diffusion or permeation of oxygen more than the first oxide of the oxide 230c.
- the atomic ratio of In to the metal element which is the main component is determined as a main component in the metal oxide used for the first oxide of the oxide 230c. It is possible to suppress In from diffusing to the insulator 250 side by making the atomic number ratio of In to the metal element that is.
- the insulator 250 functions as a gate insulator; therefore, when In is mixed in the insulator 250 or the like, the characteristics of the transistor are deteriorated. Therefore, a stacked-layer structure of the oxide 230c makes it possible to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device.
- the oxide 230b may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. For example, in FIGS. 6A-6C, there is a first oxide of oxide 230b and a second oxide of oxide 230b overlying the first oxide of oxide 230b.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230b includes the first oxide of the oxide 230b and the conductor 240 (the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b) which functions as a source electrode or a drain electrode. It is good to put it in between.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230b preferably has a function of suppressing permeation of oxygen.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230b having a function of suppressing permeation of oxygen between the conductor 240 functioning as a source electrode or a drain electrode and the first oxide of the oxide 230b.
- the electrical resistance between the conductor 240 and the first oxide of the oxide 230b is reduced, which is preferable. With such a structure, electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 and reliability of the transistor 200 can be improved.
- the conductor 240 and the first oxide of the oxide 230b are not in contact with each other, it is possible to suppress the conductor 240 from absorbing oxygen of the first oxide of the oxide 230b. By preventing the conductor 240 from being oxidized, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the conductivity of the conductor 240.
- a metal oxide containing the element M may be used as the second oxide of the oxide 230b.
- the element M is preferably aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230b preferably has a higher concentration of the element M than the first oxide of the oxide 230b.
- gallium oxide may be used as the second oxide of the oxide 230b.
- a metal oxide such as an In-M-Zn oxide may be used as the second oxide of the oxide 230b.
- the atomic ratio of the element M with respect to In is the element with respect to In in the metal oxide used as the first oxide of the oxide 230b. It is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of M.
- the thickness of the second oxide of the oxide 230b is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 5 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less.
- the second oxide of the oxide 230b preferably has crystallinity. When the second oxide of the oxide 230b has crystallinity, release of oxygen in the first oxide of the oxide 230b can be reduced. For example, in the case where the second oxide of the oxide 230b has a crystal structure such as a hexagonal crystal, release of oxygen in the first oxide of the oxide 230b can be suppressed in some cases.
- oxygen in the oxide 230 may diffuse into the conductor 240 and the conductor 240 may be oxidized. Oxidation of the conductor 240 is likely to reduce the conductivity of the conductor 240. Note that diffusion of oxygen in the oxide 230 into the conductor 240 can be restated as absorption of oxygen in the oxide 230 by the conductor 240.
- the oxide 230 diffuses into the conductor 240, so that a different layer may be formed between the conductor 240 and the oxide 230. Since the different layer contains more oxygen than the conductor 240, it is presumed that the different layer has an insulating property.
- the three-layer structure of the conductor 240, the different layer, and the oxide 230 can be regarded as a three-layer structure including a metal-insulator-semiconductor, and a MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) structure. It may be referred to as a diode junction structure mainly including the MIS structure.
- An insulator 273 having a barrier property may be provided so as to cover the top surface of the conductor 240, the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the side surface of the conductor 240. Note that when the insulator 273 is provided, the insulator 245 does not necessarily have to be provided.
- a metal element of the conductor 240 is added or oxygen is absorbed in the conductor 240, so that oxygen deficiency occurs. That is, in the vicinity of the surface of the oxide 230 which is in contact with the conductor 240, the resistance may be locally reduced. By reducing the resistance of the region where the oxide 230 and the conductor 240 overlap with each other, the on-state current of the transistor 200 can be improved.
- excess oxygen included in the insulator 280 diffuses from the side surface of the oxide 230 in a region overlapping with the conductor 240 into the oxide 230, and thus local oxygen generated in the oxide 230 in a region overlapping with the conductor 240. In some cases, the region of low resistance is locally reduced and the on-state current of the transistor 200 is reduced.
- the insulator 273 it is possible to suppress supply of excess oxygen included in the insulator 280 from the side surface of the oxide 230 in a region overlapping with the conductor 240.
- excess oxygen contained in the insulator 280 can be supplied to the channel formation region of the oxide 230b through the oxide 230c. Therefore, the oxygen deficiency generated in the channel formation region of the oxide 230 can be efficiently compensated without reducing the resistance-lowering region generated in the vicinity of the surface of the oxide 230 which is in contact with the conductor 240.
- excess oxygen contained in the insulator 224 diffuses into the oxide 230b through the oxide 230a. That is, excess oxygen can be supplied from the oxide 230a side. Therefore, oxygen vacancies generated in the channel formation region of the oxide 230 can be compensated for while suppressing a decrease in the low resistance region generated in the vicinity of the surface of the oxide 230 in contact with the conductor 240.
- an aluminum oxide film formed with a sputtering apparatus is preferably used as the insulator 273.
- excess oxygen can be introduced into the insulator 224 while forming the insulator 273.
- the insulator 274 may be provided on the insulator 273. Note that the insulator 274 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen, like the insulator 273.
- the insulator 273 formed by the sputtering method has a low film property. Therefore, the insulator 274 is preferably formed by an ALD method. This is because the ALD method can form a film having excellent step coverage and thickness uniformity, is not easily affected by the shape of the object to be processed, and has good step coverage.
- FIG. 7A shows a top view.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7D is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by dashed-dotted line A5-A6 in FIG. 7A.
- some elements are omitted for clarity.
- the insulator 280, the insulator 282, the insulator 283, and the insulator 284 each have an opening portion through which the transistor 200 is exposed. Further, a conductor 246 which functions as a plug connected to the transistor 200 is provided in the opening. Further, an insulator 247 is provided on a side surface of the conductor 246.
- the conductor 246 has a function as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the transistor 200.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. 7A to 7D includes an insulator 212 and an insulator 283 which function as barrier layers above and below the transistor 200.
- the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 are in contact with each other in a side surface of the transistor 200 or in a region which is an end portion of the substrate. That is, the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. 7A to 7D has a structure in which the transistor 200 and the insulator 280 including an excess oxygen region are sealed with a barrier layer.
- the region where the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 are in contact may be provided along the scribe line.
- a region where the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 are in contact with each other may be provided along a matrix where the plurality of transistors are arranged.
- the region may be provided so as to overlap with the scribe line.
- the insulator 283 is provided over the insulator 282.
- the insulator 284 is made of a material having a large etch rate selection ratio with respect to the conductor 248 when the conductor 248 is processed. Therefore, the insulator 284 may be provided over the insulator 283 as needed.
- the insulator 247 is preferably in contact with the insulator 283.
- the transistor 200 and the insulator 280 having an excess oxygen region are sealed with a barrier layer.
- the insulator 247 is provided in contact with the sidewalls of the openings of the insulator 283, the insulator 282, and the insulator 280, and the conductor 246 is formed in contact with the side surface of the insulator 247.
- the transistor 200 is located at least at part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 246 is in contact with the transistor 200.
- a semiconductor device with good reliability.
- a semiconductor device having favorable electrical characteristics can be provided.
- a semiconductor device which can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a semiconductor device (memory device) including the capacitor which is one embodiment of the present invention.
- the transistor 200 is provided above the transistor 300 and the capacitor 100 is provided above the transistor 200. At least part of the capacitor 100 or the transistor 300 preferably overlaps with the transistor 200. Accordingly, the occupied area of the capacitor 100, the transistor 200, and the transistor 300 in top view can be reduced, so that the semiconductor device according to this embodiment can be miniaturized or highly integrated.
- the semiconductor device is, for example, a logic circuit represented by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) or an NVM (Non-Voltage Memory). Can be applied to the memory circuit represented by.
- a logic circuit represented by a CPU Central Processing Unit
- a GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- NVM Non-Voltage Memory
- the transistor 200 described in any of the above embodiments can be used as the transistor 200. Therefore, for the transistor 200 and the layer including the transistor 200, the description in the above embodiment can be referred to.
- the transistor 200 is a transistor in which a channel is formed in a semiconductor layer including an oxide semiconductor. Since the off-state current of the transistor 200 is small, the memory content can be held for a long time by using the transistor 200 in a memory device. That is, the refresh operation is not required or the frequency of the refresh operation is extremely low, so that the power consumption of the memory device can be sufficiently reduced.
- the transistor 200 has favorable electric characteristics at high temperature as compared with a transistor including silicon for a semiconductor layer. For example, the transistor 200 exhibits favorable electric characteristics even in the temperature range of 125 ° C to 150 ° C. In the temperature range of 125 ° C. to 150 ° C., the transistor 200 has a transistor on / off ratio of 10 digits or more. In other words, as compared with a transistor using silicon for a semiconductor layer, the transistor 200 has better characteristics as the on-state current, frequency characteristics, and the like which are examples of transistor characteristics, become higher.
- the wiring 1001 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor 300
- the wiring 1002 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor 300
- the wiring 1007 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 300.
- the wiring 1003 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 200
- the wiring 1004 is electrically connected to a first gate of the transistor 200
- the wiring 1006 is electrically connected to a second gate of the transistor 200. It is connected to the.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 200 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 and the wiring 1005 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the capacitor 100.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 11 has a characteristic that electric charge charged in one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 can be held by switching of the transistor 200, whereby writing, holding, and reading of data can be performed.
- the transistor 200 is an element provided with a back gate in addition to a source, a gate (top gate), and a drain. That is, since it is a 4-terminal element, MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory), ReRAM (Resistive Memory Random Memory 2) and other phase change that utilizes MTJ (Magnetic Tunnel Junction) characteristics are used. Compared with the terminal element, it has a feature that input / output independent control can be easily performed. Further, in the MRAM, ReRAM, and phase change memory, the structure may change at the atomic level when rewriting information. On the other hand, the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B has characteristics that it is excellent in repeated rewriting resistance and has little structural change because it operates by charge or discharge of electrons using a transistor and a capacitor when rewriting information.
- the semiconductor devices shown in FIG. 11 can be arranged in a matrix to form a memory cell array.
- the transistor 300 can be used as a reading circuit connected to the memory cell array, a driver circuit, or the like.
- the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 11 constitutes the memory cell array as described above.
- an operating frequency of 200 MHz or higher can be realized in a drive voltage of 2.5 V and an evaluation environmental temperature range of ⁇ 40 ° C. to 85 ° C.
- the transistor 300 is provided over the substrate 311 and serves as a conductor 316 serving as a gate electrode, an insulator 315 serving as a gate insulator, a semiconductor region 313 formed by part of the substrate 311, and a source region or a drain region.
- the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b are included.
- the insulator 315 is arranged on the semiconductor region 313, and the conductor 316 is arranged on the insulator 315.
- the transistors 300 formed in the same layer are electrically separated by an insulator 312 which functions as an element isolation insulating layer.
- an insulator similar to the insulator 326 described later and the like can be used as the insulator 312, an insulator similar to the insulator 326 described later and the like can be used.
- the transistor 300 may be either a p-channel type or an n-channel type.
- the substrate 311 includes a semiconductor such as a silicon-based semiconductor in a region where a channel of the semiconductor region 313 is formed, a region in the vicinity thereof, a low resistance region 314a serving as a source region or a drain region, a low resistance region 314b, or the like.
- a semiconductor such as a silicon-based semiconductor in a region where a channel of the semiconductor region 313 is formed, a region in the vicinity thereof, a low resistance region 314a serving as a source region or a drain region, a low resistance region 314b, or the like.
- a material containing Ge (germanium), SiGe (silicon germanium), GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaAlAs (gallium aluminum arsenide), or the like may be used. It is also possible to adopt a configuration using silicon in which the effective mass is controlled by applying stress to the crystal lattice and changing the lattice spacing.
- the transistor 300 may be a HEMT (High Electron
- the low-resistance region 314a and the low-resistance region 314b impart an n-type conductivity imparting element such as arsenic or phosphorus, or a p-type conductivity imparting boron, in addition to the semiconductor material applied to the semiconductor region 313. Including the element to do.
- the conductor 316 functioning as a gate electrode is a semiconductor material such as silicon, a metal material, or an alloy containing an element imparting n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus, or an element imparting p-type conductivity such as boron. Materials or conductive materials such as metal oxide materials can be used.
- the work function is determined by the material of the conductor, so the threshold voltage can be adjusted by changing the material of the conductor. Specifically, it is preferable to use a material such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride for the conductor. Further, in order to achieve both conductivity and embedding properties, it is preferable to stack and use a metal material such as tungsten or aluminum, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten in terms of heat resistance.
- a semiconductor region 313 (a part of the substrate 311) in which a channel is formed has a convex shape. Further, the side surface and the upper surface of the semiconductor region 313 are provided so as to cover the conductor 316 with the insulator 315 interposed therebetween.
- Such a transistor 300 is also called a FIN-type transistor because it uses a convex portion of a semiconductor substrate. Note that an insulator which functions as a mask for forming the protrusion may be provided in contact with the top of the protrusion.
- an SOI substrate may be processed to form a semiconductor film having a convex shape.
- transistor 300 illustrated in FIG. 11 is an example, and the structure thereof is not limited, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on a circuit configuration or a driving method.
- the semiconductor device includes a transistor 300 and a transistor 200 which are stacked.
- the transistor 300 can be formed using a silicon-based semiconductor material and the transistor 200 can be formed using an oxide semiconductor.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 11 can be formed by mixing the silicon-based semiconductor material and the oxide semiconductor in different layers. Further, the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 11 can be manufactured by a process similar to that of a manufacturing device used for a silicon-based semiconductor material, and high integration can be achieved.
- the capacitive element 100 includes an insulator 114 on an insulator 160, an insulator 140 on the insulator 114, a conductor 110 arranged in an insulator 114 and an opening formed in the insulator 140, and a conductor.
- An insulator 130 over the insulator 110 and the insulator 140, a conductor 120 over the insulator 130, and an insulator 150 over the conductor 120 and the insulator 130.
- at least a part of the conductor 110, the insulator 130, and the conductor 120 is arranged in the openings formed in the insulator 114 and the insulator 140.
- the conductor 110 functions as a lower electrode of the capacitor 100
- the conductor 120 functions as an upper electrode of the capacitor 100
- the insulator 130 functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 100.
- the upper electrode and the lower electrode face each other across the dielectric not only on the bottom surface but also on the side surface.
- the capacity can be increased. Therefore, the capacitance of the capacitive element 100 can be increased as the depth of the opening is increased. By thus increasing the capacitance per unit area of the capacitive element 100, miniaturization or high integration of the semiconductor device can be promoted.
- an insulator that can be used for the insulator 280 may be used.
- the insulator 140 preferably functions as an etching stopper when the opening of the insulator 114 is formed, and an insulator that can be used for the insulator 214 may be used.
- the shape of the openings formed in the insulator 114 and the insulator 140 as viewed from above may be a quadrangle, a polygonal shape other than the quadrangle, or a shape in which the corners of the polygonal shape are curved.
- the shape may be circular including an ellipse.
- it is preferable that the area where the opening and the transistor 200 overlap with each other in the top view is large. With such a structure, the area occupied by the semiconductor device including the capacitor 100 and the transistor 200 can be reduced.
- the conductor 110 is arranged in contact with the openings formed in the insulator 140 and the insulator 114. It is preferable that the top surface of the conductor 110 substantially coincides with the top surface of the insulator 140. Further, the lower surface of the conductor 110 is in contact with the conductor 152 provided over the insulator 160.
- the conductor 110 is preferably formed by an ALD method, a CVD method, or the like. For example, a conductor that can be used for the conductor 205 may be used.
- the insulator 130 is arranged so as to cover the conductor 110 and the insulator 140.
- the insulator 130 is, for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxynitride, hafnium nitride oxide, or nitride.
- Hafnium or the like may be used and can be provided as a stacked layer or a single layer.
- an insulating film in which zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide are stacked in this order can be used.
- a material having a high dielectric strength such as silicon oxynitride or a material having a high dielectric constant (high-k) for the insulator 130.
- a stacked structure of a material having high dielectric strength and a high dielectric constant (high-k) material may be used.
- an insulator of a high dielectric constant (high-k) material (a material having a high relative dielectric constant)
- gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium, an oxynitride containing aluminum and hafnium can be used.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, and holes are used as materials having high dielectric strength.
- silicon oxide, resin, and the like are used as materials having high dielectric strength.
- silicon oxide, resin, and the like laminated in the order of silicon nitride was deposited using ALD (SiN x), silicon oxide was deposited using PEALD method (SiO x), silicon nitride was deposited using ALD (SiN x) Insulated film can be used.
- the conductor 120 is arranged so as to fill the openings formed in the insulator 140 and the insulator 114.
- the conductor 120 is electrically connected to the wiring 1005 through the conductor 112 and the conductor 153.
- the conductor 120 is preferably formed by an ALD method, a CVD method, or the like.
- a conductor that can be used as the conductor 205 may be used.
- the transistor 200 since the transistor 200 is configured to use an oxide semiconductor, it has excellent compatibility with the capacitor 100. Specifically, since the off-state current of the transistor 200 including an oxide semiconductor is small, the memory content can be held for a long time by using the transistor 200 in combination with the capacitor 100.
- a wiring layer provided with an interlayer film, a wiring, a plug, and the like may be provided between the structures. Further, a plurality of wiring layers can be provided according to the design.
- the conductor functioning as a plug or a wiring may have a plurality of structures collectively given the same reference numeral. Further, in this specification and the like, the wiring and the plug electrically connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- an insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are sequentially stacked over the transistor 300 as an interlayer film. Further, in the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326, a conductor 328 electrically connected to the conductor 153 functioning as a terminal, a conductor 330, and the like are embedded. Note that the conductor 328 and the conductor 330 function as a plug or a wiring.
- the insulator functioning as an interlayer film may function as a flattening film that covers the uneven shape below the insulator.
- the upper surface of the insulator 322 may be planarized by a planarization treatment using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to enhance planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator 350, an insulator 352, and an insulator 354 are sequentially stacked and provided.
- a conductor 356 is formed over the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354.
- the conductor 356 functions as a plug or a wiring.
- the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are sequentially stacked on the insulator 354 and the conductor 356.
- a conductor 218, a conductor (conductor 205) included in the transistor 200, and the like are embedded. Note that the conductor 218 functions as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the transistor 300.
- the conductor 112 functions as a plug or a wiring which electrically connects the capacitor 100, the transistor 200, or the transistor 300 to the conductor 153 functioning as a terminal.
- the conductor 153 is provided on the insulator 154, and the conductor 153 is covered with the insulator 156.
- the conductor 153 is in contact with the top surface of the conductor 112 and functions as a terminal of the capacitor 100, the transistor 200, or the transistor 300.
- examples of insulators that can be used as the interlayer film include oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, nitride oxides, metal oxides, metal oxynitrides, and metal nitride oxides having an insulating property.
- the material may be selected depending on the function of the insulator.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 326, the insulator 352, the insulator 354, the insulator 212, the insulator 114, the insulator 150, the insulator 156, and the like have insulators with low relative permittivity.
- the insulator is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, silicon oxide having holes. , Resin or the like is preferable.
- the insulator is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide containing fluorine, silicon oxide containing carbon, silicon oxide containing carbon and nitrogen, or silicon oxide having holes. It is preferable to have a laminated structure of a resin. Since silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are thermally stable, by combining with a resin, a laminated structure having thermal stability and a low relative dielectric constant can be obtained. Examples of the resin include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimide, polycarbonate, acrylic and the like.
- the resistivity of the insulator provided over or below the conductor 152 or the conductor 153 is 1.0 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ cm or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ cm or less, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ cm or more 1. It is preferably 0.0 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ cm or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ cm or less.
- the insulator maintains the insulating property and the transistor 200, the transistor 300, the capacitor 100, Further, charges accumulated between wirings of the conductor 152 and the like can be dispersed, and characteristic defects and electrostatic breakdown of a transistor and a semiconductor device including the transistor due to the charges can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- silicon nitride or silicon nitride oxide can be used as such an insulator.
- the resistivity of the insulator 160 or the insulator 154 may be set within the above range.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can have stable electrical characteristics by being surrounded by an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen may be used for the insulator 324, the insulator 350, the insulator 210, and the like.
- Examples of the insulator having a function of suppressing the penetration of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, and zirconium.
- the insulator containing lanthanum, lanthanum, neodymium, hafnium, or tantalum may be used as a single layer or as a stacked layer.
- an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen
- a metal oxide such as tantalum oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- Conductors that can be used for wiring and plugs include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium.
- a material containing one or more metal elements selected from ruthenium, ruthenium, and the like can be used.
- a semiconductor having high electric conductivity which is typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, or silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
- a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material formed of any of the above materials can be used as the conductor 328, the conductor 330, the conductor 356, the conductor 218, the conductor 112, the conductor 152, the conductor 153, or the like.
- a conductive material such as a metal oxide material can be used as a single layer or a stacked layer. It is preferable to use a high melting point material such as tungsten or molybdenum, which has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten.
- it is preferably formed of a low resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be reduced by using a low-resistance conductive material.
- an insulator having an excess oxygen region may be provided in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor.
- an insulator having a barrier property is preferably provided between the insulator having the excess oxygen region and the conductor provided in the insulator having the excess oxygen region.
- an insulator 247 may be provided between the insulator 280 having excess oxygen and the conductor 248.
- the conductor 248 and the transistor 200 can be sealed with an insulator having a barrier property.
- the insulator 247 it is possible to prevent the excess oxygen of the insulator 280 from being absorbed by the conductor 248. Further, with the insulator 247, hydrogen which is an impurity can be suppressed from diffusing into the transistor 200 through the conductor 248.
- the conductor 248 has a function as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the transistor 200 or the transistor 300.
- the insulator 247 is provided in contact with the sidewalls of the openings of the insulator 284, the insulator 282, and the insulator 280, and the conductor 248 is formed in contact with the side surface of the insulator 247.
- the conductor 240 is positioned on at least a part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 248 is in contact with the conductor 240.
- the conductor 248 is preferably made of a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component. Further, the conductor 248 may have a stacked structure. Note that the transistor 200 has the structure in which the conductor 248 is provided as a two-layer stacked structure; however, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the conductor 248 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- the conductor 248 has a stacked-layer structure
- water, hydrogen, and the like can be given to the conductor which is in contact with the conductor 240 and is in contact with the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 284 through the insulator 247.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities For example, it is preferable to use tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen may be used as a single layer or a stacked layer.
- oxygen added to the insulator 280 can be prevented from being absorbed by the conductor 248.
- impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in a layer above the insulator 284 can be suppressed from diffusing into the oxide 230 through the conductor 248.
- the insulator 247 for example, an insulator that can be used for the insulator 214 and the like may be used.
- the insulator 247 can suppress impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 280 and the like from diffusing into the oxide 230 through the conductor 248.
- oxygen contained in the insulator 280 can be prevented from being absorbed by the conductor 248.
- the conductor 152 that functions as a wiring may be arranged in contact with the top surface of the conductor 248.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used.
- the conductor may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminate of titanium or titanium nitride and the above conductive material. Note that the conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in the opening provided in the insulator.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can be miniaturized or highly integrated.
- variation in electric characteristics can be suppressed and reliability can be improved.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with high on-state current can be provided.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with low off-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with reduced power consumption can be provided.
- FIG. 12 An example of a semiconductor device (memory device) using the semiconductor device which is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 12 includes the transistor 200, the transistor 300, and the capacitor 100 similarly to the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 12 is different from the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 11 in that the capacitor 100 is a planar type and the transistors 200 and 300 are electrically connected.
- the transistor 200 is provided above the transistor 300 and the capacitor 100 is provided above the transistor 300 and the transistor 200. At least part of the capacitor 100 or the transistor 300 preferably overlaps with the transistor 200. Accordingly, the occupied area of the capacitor 100, the transistor 200, and the transistor 300 in top view can be reduced, so that the semiconductor device according to this embodiment can be miniaturized or highly integrated.
- transistor 200 and the transistor 300 described above can be used as the transistor 200 and the transistor 300. Therefore, the above description can be referred to for the transistor 200, the transistor 300, and layers including these.
- the wiring 2001 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor 300 and the wiring 2002 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor 300.
- the wiring 2003 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 200
- the wiring 2004 is electrically connected to a first gate of the transistor 200
- the wiring 2006 is electrically connected to a second gate of the transistor 200. It is connected to the.
- the gate of the transistor 300 and the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 200 are electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 and the wiring 2005 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the capacitor 100.
- a node in which the gate of the transistor 300, the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 200, and one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 are connected to each other may be referred to as a node FG.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 12 has the characteristic that the potential of the gate (node FG) of the transistor 300 can be held by switching the transistor 200, and thus data can be written, held, and read.
- the semiconductor devices shown in FIG. 12 can be arranged in a matrix to form a memory cell array.
- the layer including the transistor 300 has a structure similar to that of the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 11, the above description can be referred to for the structure below the insulator 354.
- the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are arranged on the insulator 354.
- the insulator 210 like the insulator 350, an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen may be used.
- a conductor 218 is embedded in the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216.
- the conductor 218 functions as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the capacitor 100, the transistor 200, or the transistor 300.
- the conductor 218 is electrically connected to the conductor 316 which functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 300.
- the conductor 248 also functions as a plug or a wiring which is electrically connected to the transistor 200 or the transistor 300.
- the conductor 248 is formed by electrically connecting the conductor 240b which functions as the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 200 and the conductor 110 which functions as one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 through the conductor 248. There is.
- the planar-type capacitance element 100 is provided above the transistor 200.
- the capacitor 100 includes a conductor 110 that functions as a first electrode, a conductor 120 that functions as a second electrode, and an insulator 130 that functions as a dielectric. Note that as the conductor 110, the conductor 120, and the insulator 130, those described in the above memory device 1 can be used.
- the conductor 153 and the conductor 110 are provided in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 248.
- the conductor 153 is in contact with the top surface of the conductor 248 and functions as a terminal of the transistor 200 or the transistor 300.
- the conductor 153 and the conductor 110 are covered with the insulator 130, and the conductor 120 is arranged so as to overlap the conductor 110 via the insulator 130. Further, the insulator 114 is provided over the conductor 120 and the insulator 130.
- FIG. 12A and 12B show an example in which a planar capacitor is used as the capacitor 100, the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is not limited to this.
- the capacitive element 100 a cylinder type capacitive element 100 as shown in FIG. 11 may be used.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a memory device using the semiconductor device which is one embodiment of the present invention.
- the memory device illustrated in FIG. 13 includes a transistor 400 in addition to the semiconductor device including the transistor 200, the transistor 300, and the capacitor 100 illustrated in FIG.
- the transistor 400 can control the second gate voltage of the transistor 200.
- the first gate and the second gate of the transistor 400 are diode-connected to the source, and the source of the transistor 400 is connected to the second gate of the transistor 200.
- the negative potential of the second gate of the transistor 200 is held in this structure, the first gate-source voltage and the second gate-source voltage of the transistor 400 are 0V.
- the second gate of the transistor 200 can be supplied without power supply to the transistor 200 and the transistor 400.
- the negative potential can be maintained for a long time. Accordingly, the memory device including the transistor 200 and the transistor 400 can hold the memory content for a long time.
- the wiring 1001 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor 300, and the wiring 1002 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor 300.
- the wiring 1003 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 200, the wiring 1004 is electrically connected to a gate of the transistor 200, and the wiring 1006 is electrically connected to a second gate (back gate) of the transistor 200. Connected to each other.
- the gate of the transistor 300 and the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 200 are electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100 and the wiring 1005 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the capacitor 100. .
- the wiring 1007 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor 400, the wiring 1008 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 400, and the wiring 1009 is electrically connected to the second gate (back gate) of the transistor 400.
- Reference numeral 1010 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor 400.
- the wiring 1006, the wiring 1007, the wiring 1008, and the wiring 1009 are electrically connected.
- the memory device shown in FIG. 13 can form a memory cell array by arranging the memory device in a matrix like the memory devices shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. Note that one transistor 400 can control the second gate voltage of the plurality of transistors 200. Therefore, the transistor 400 may be provided in a smaller number than the transistor 200.
- the transistor 400 is formed in the same layer as the transistor 200 and can be manufactured in parallel.
- the transistor 400 includes a conductor 460 (a conductor 460a and a conductor 460b) which serves as a first gate electrode, a conductor 405 which serves as a second gate electrode, and an insulator 222 which serves as a gate insulating layer.
- the conductor 405 is in the same layer as the conductor 205.
- the oxide 431a and the oxide 432a are in the same layer as the oxide 230a, and the oxide 431b and the oxide 432b are in the same layer as the oxide 230b.
- the conductor 440 (the conductor 440a and the conductor 440b) is in the same layer as the conductor 240.
- the insulator 445 (the insulator 445a and the insulator 445b) is the same layer as the insulator 245.
- the oxide 430c is the same layer as the oxide 230c.
- the insulator 450 is the same layer as the insulator 250.
- the conductor 460 is the same layer as the conductor 260.
- the oxide 430c can be formed by processing an oxide film to be the oxide 230c.
- the oxide 430c functioning as an active layer of the transistor 400 has reduced oxygen vacancies and reduced impurities such as hydrogen and water. Accordingly, the threshold voltage of the transistor 400 can be higher than 0 V, the off-state current can be reduced, and the drain current when the second gate voltage and the first gate voltage are 0 V can be extremely reduced.
- a transistor including an oxide as a semiconductor according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as an OS transistor).
- an OS memory device a storage device including at least a capacitor and an OS transistor which controls charge and discharge of the capacitor. Since the off-state current of the OS transistor is extremely small, the OS memory device has excellent retention characteristics and can function as a nonvolatile memory.
- FIG. 14A shows an example of the configuration of the OS memory device.
- the memory device 1400 includes a peripheral circuit 1411 and a memory cell array 1470.
- the peripheral circuit 1411 includes a row circuit 1420, a column circuit 1430, an output circuit 1440, and a control logic circuit 1460.
- the column circuit 1430 has, for example, a column decoder, a precharge circuit, a sense amplifier, a write circuit, and the like.
- the precharge circuit has a function of precharging the wiring.
- the sense amplifier has a function of amplifying the data signal read from the memory cell. Note that the wiring is a wiring connected to a memory cell included in the memory cell array 1470 and will be described later in detail.
- the amplified data signal is output to the outside of the storage device 1400 as the data signal RDATA via the output circuit 1440.
- the row circuit 1420 has a row decoder, a word line driver circuit, and the like, for example, and can select a row to be accessed.
- a low power supply voltage (VSS), a high power supply voltage (VDD) for the peripheral circuit 1411, and a high power supply voltage (VIL) for the memory cell array 1470 are externally supplied to the memory device 1400 as power supply voltages. Further, a control signal (CE, WE, RE), an address signal ADDR, and a data signal WDATA are externally input to the memory device 1400.
- the address signal ADDR is input to the row decoder and the column decoder, and the data signal WDATA is input to the write circuit.
- the control logic circuit 1460 processes input signals (CE, WE, RE) from the outside and generates control signals for the row decoder and the column decoder.
- CE is a chip enable signal
- WE is a write enable signal
- RE is a read enable signal.
- the signal processed by the control logic circuit 1460 is not limited to this, and another control signal may be input as necessary.
- the memory cell array 1470 has a plurality of memory cells MC and a plurality of wirings arranged in a matrix. Note that the number of wirings connecting the memory cell array 1470 and the row circuit 1420 is determined by the structure of the memory cells MC, the number of memory cells MC in one column, and the like. The number of wirings connecting the memory cell array 1470 and the column circuit 1430 is determined by the configuration of the memory cell MC, the number of memory cells MC in one row, and the like.
- FIG. 14A shows an example in which the peripheral circuit 1411 and the memory cell array 1470 are formed on the same plane
- this embodiment is not limited to this.
- the memory cell array 1470 may be provided so as to overlap with part of the peripheral circuit 1411.
- a sense amplifier may be provided so as to overlap under the memory cell array 1470.
- [DOSRAM] 15A to 15C show examples of circuit configurations of memory cells of DRAM.
- a DRAM including a 1-OS transistor 1-capacitive element memory cell may be referred to as a DOSRAM (Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory).
- the memory cell 1471 illustrated in FIG. 15A includes the transistor M1 and the capacitor CA. Note that the transistor M1 has a gate (sometimes referred to as a top gate) and a back gate.
- the first terminal of the transistor M1 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor CA, the second terminal of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring BIL, the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring WOL, and the back gate of the transistor M1 is connected.
- the second terminal of the capacitor CA is connected to the wiring CAL.
- the wiring BIL functions as a bit line
- the wiring WOL functions as a word line.
- the wiring CAL functions as a wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the second terminal of the capacitor CA. It is preferable to apply a low-level potential to the wiring CAL at the time of writing and reading data.
- the wiring BGL functions as a wiring for applying a potential to the back gate of the transistor M1. By applying an arbitrary potential to the wiring BGL, the threshold voltage of the transistor M1 can be increased or decreased.
- the memory cell 1471 shown in FIG. 15A corresponds to the storage device shown in FIG. That is, the transistor M1 corresponds to the transistor 200, the capacitor CA corresponds to the capacitor 100, the wiring BIL corresponds to the wiring 1003, the wiring WOL corresponds to the wiring 1004, the wiring BGL corresponds to the wiring 1006, and the wiring CAL corresponds to the wiring 1005.
- the transistor 300 illustrated in FIG. 11 corresponds to the transistor provided in the peripheral circuit 1411 of the memory device 1400 illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B.
- the memory cell MC is not limited to the memory cell 1471, and the circuit configuration can be changed.
- the memory cell MC may have a structure in which the back gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring WOL instead of the wiring BGL like the memory cell 1472 illustrated in FIG. 15B.
- the memory cell MC may be a memory cell including a transistor having a single gate structure, that is, a transistor M1 having no back gate, like the memory cell 1473 shown in FIG. 15C.
- the transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M1 and the capacitor 100 can be used as the capacitor CA.
- the leak current of the transistor M1 can be made extremely low. That is, since the written data can be held for a long time by the transistor M1, the frequency of refreshing the memory cell can be reduced. Alternatively, the refresh operation of the memory cell can be made unnecessary. Further, since the leak current is extremely low, multi-valued data or analog data can be held in the memory cell 1471, the memory cell 1472, and the memory cell 1473.
- the sense amplifier is provided so as to overlap the memory cell array 1470 as described above, the bit line can be shortened. As a result, the bit line capacity is reduced and the storage capacity of the memory cell can be reduced.
- [NOSRAM] 15D to 15G show examples of circuit configurations of gain cell type memory cells each having two transistors and one capacitor.
- the memory cell 1474 illustrated in FIG. 15D includes a transistor M2, a transistor M3, and a capacitor CB. Note that the transistor M2 has a top gate (may be simply referred to as a gate) and a back gate.
- a memory device including a gain cell type memory cell in which an OS transistor is used as the transistor M2 may be referred to as a NOSRAM (Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM).
- the first terminal of the transistor M2 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor CB, the second terminal of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WBL, the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WOL, and the back gate of the transistor M2 is connected.
- the second terminal of the capacitor CB is connected to the wiring CAL.
- the first terminal of the transistor M3 is connected to the wiring RBL, the second terminal of the transistor M3 is connected to the wiring SL, and the gate of the transistor M3 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element CB.
- the wiring WBL functions as a write bit line
- the wiring RBL functions as a read bit line
- the wiring WOL functions as a word line.
- the wiring CAL functions as a wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the second terminal of the capacitor CB. It is preferable that a low-level potential be applied to the wiring CAL during data writing, during data retention, and during data reading.
- the wiring BGL functions as a wiring for applying a potential to the back gate of the transistor M2. By applying an arbitrary potential to the wiring BGL, the threshold voltage of the transistor M2 can be increased or decreased.
- the memory cell 1474 shown in FIG. 15D corresponds to the storage device shown in FIG. That is, the transistor M2 is the transistor 200, the capacitor CB is the capacitor 100, the transistor M3 is the transistor 300, the wiring WBL is the wiring 2003, the wiring WOL is the wiring 2004, the wiring BGL is the wiring 2006, and the wiring CAL is the wiring. 2005, the wiring RBL corresponds to the wiring 2002, and the wiring SL corresponds to the wiring 2001.
- the memory cell MC is not limited to the memory cell 1474, and the circuit configuration can be changed as appropriate.
- the memory cell MC may have a structure in which the back gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WOL instead of the wiring BGL like the memory cell 1475 illustrated in FIG. 15E.
- the memory cell MC may be a memory cell including a transistor having a single-gate structure, that is, a transistor M2 having no back gate, like the memory cell 1476 shown in FIG. 15F.
- the memory cell MC may have a configuration in which the wiring WBL and the wiring RBL are integrated into one wiring BIL like the memory cell 1477 illustrated in FIG. 15G.
- the transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M2
- the transistor 300 can be used as the transistor M3
- the capacitor 100 can be used as the capacitor CB.
- an OS transistor as the transistor M2
- the leak current of the transistor M2 can be made extremely low. Accordingly, the written data can be held for a long time by the transistor M2, so that the frequency of refreshing the memory cell can be reduced. Alternatively, the refresh operation of the memory cell can be made unnecessary. Further, since the leak current is very low, multi-level data or analog data can be held in the memory cell 1474. The same applies to the memory cells 1475 to 1477.
- the transistor M3 may be a transistor having silicon in the channel formation region (hereinafter may be referred to as a Si transistor).
- the conductivity type of the Si transistor may be an n-channel type or a p-channel type.
- the Si transistor may have higher field effect mobility than the OS transistor. Therefore, a Si transistor may be used as the transistor M3 that functions as a read transistor.
- the transistor M2 can be provided over the transistor M3 so that the area occupied by the memory cell can be reduced and high integration of the memory device can be achieved.
- the transistor M3 may be an OS transistor.
- OS transistors are used for the transistors M2 and M3, the memory cell array 1470 can be formed using only n-type transistors.
- FIG. 15H shows an example of a gain cell type memory cell having three transistors and one capacitor.
- the memory cell 1478 illustrated in FIG. 15H includes transistors M4 to M6 and a capacitor CC.
- the capacitive element CC is provided as appropriate.
- the memory cell 1478 is electrically connected to the wiring BIL, the wiring RWL, the wiring WWL, the wiring BGL, and the wiring GNDL.
- the wiring GNDL is a wiring which gives a low-level potential. Note that the memory cell 1478 may be electrically connected to the wiring RBL and the wiring WBL instead of the wiring BIL.
- the transistor M4 is an OS transistor having a back gate, and the back gate is electrically connected to the wiring BGL. Note that the back gate and the gate of the transistor M4 may be electrically connected to each other. Alternatively, the transistor M4 may not have a back gate.
- the transistors M5 and M6 may be n-channel Si transistors or p-channel Si transistors, respectively.
- the transistors M4 to M6 may be OS transistors.
- the memory cell array 1470 can be configured using only n-type transistors.
- the transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M4, the transistor 300 can be used as the transistors M5 and M6, and the capacitor 100 can be used as the capacitor CC.
- the leak current of the transistor M4 can be made extremely low.
- peripheral circuit 1411 the memory cell array 1470, and the like shown in this embodiment are not limited to the above. Arrangement or function of these circuits and wirings, circuit elements, and the like connected to the circuits may be changed, deleted, or added as necessary.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B An example of a chip 1200 in which a semiconductor device of the present invention is mounted is shown with reference to FIGS. 16A and 16B.
- a plurality of circuits (systems) are mounted on the chip 1200.
- the technique of integrating a plurality of circuits (systems) into one chip in this way may be referred to as system on chip (SoC).
- SoC system on chip
- the chip 1200 has a CPU 1211, a GPU 1212, one or more analog arithmetic units 1213, one or more memory controllers 1214, one or more interfaces 1215, one or more network circuits 1216, and the like.
- a bump (not shown) is provided on the chip 1200, and is connected to the first surface of a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board: PCB) 1201 as shown in FIG. 16B. Further, a plurality of bumps 1202 are provided on the back surface of the first surface of the PCB 1201 and are connected to the mother board 1203.
- PCB printed Circuit Board
- the motherboard 1203 may be provided with a storage device such as a DRAM 1221 and a flash memory 1222.
- a storage device such as a DRAM 1221 and a flash memory 1222.
- the DOSRAM described in any of the above embodiments can be used as the DRAM 1221.
- the NOSRAM described in any of the above embodiments can be used for the flash memory 1222.
- the CPU 1211 preferably has a plurality of CPU cores.
- the GPU 1212 preferably has a plurality of GPU cores.
- the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 may each have a memory that temporarily stores data.
- a memory common to the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 may be provided in the chip 1200.
- the memory the above-mentioned NOSRAM or DOSRAM can be used.
- the GPU 1212 is suitable for parallel calculation of a large number of data and can be used for image processing and product-sum calculation. By providing the GPU 1212 with an image processing circuit using the oxide semiconductor of the present invention or a product-sum operation circuit, image processing and product-sum operation can be performed with low power consumption.
- the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 are provided in the same chip, wiring between the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 can be shortened, data transfer from the CPU 1211 to the GPU 1212, data transfer between the memories included in the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212, Further, after the calculation in the GPU 1212, the calculation result can be transferred from the GPU 1212 to the CPU 1211 at high speed.
- the analog operation unit 1213 has one or both of an A / D (analog / digital) conversion circuit and a D / A (digital / analog) conversion circuit. Further, the analog-calculation unit 1213 may be provided with the above product-sum calculation circuit.
- the memory controller 1214 has a circuit that functions as a controller of the DRAM 1221 and a circuit that functions as an interface of the flash memory 1222.
- the interface 1215 has an interface circuit with externally connected devices such as a display device, a speaker, a microphone, a camera, and a controller.
- the controller includes a mouse, a keyboard, a game controller, and the like.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- HDMI registered trademark
- High-Definition Multimedia Interface or the like can be used.
- the network circuit 1216 has a network circuit such as a LAN (Local Area Network). Further, a circuit for network security may be included.
- LAN Local Area Network
- the above circuit (system) can be formed on the chip 1200 by the same manufacturing process. Therefore, even if the number of circuits required for the chip 1200 increases, it is not necessary to increase the manufacturing process, and the chip 1200 can be manufactured at low cost.
- the PCB 1201 provided with the chip 1200 having the GPU 1212, the DRAM 1221, and the motherboard 1203 provided with the flash memory 1222 can be called a GPU module 1204.
- the GPU module 1204 Since the GPU module 1204 has the chip 1200 using the SoC technology, its size can be reduced. Further, since it is excellent in image processing, it is suitable for use in portable electronic devices such as smartphones, tablet terminals, laptop PCs, portable (carry-out) game machines, and the like. Further, a product-sum operation circuit using the GPU 1212 allows deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), self-encoders, deep Boltzmann machines (DBM), deep belief networks ( The chip 1200 can be used as an AI chip, or the GPU module 1204 can be used as an AI system module because a technique such as DBN) can be performed.
- DNN deep neural networks
- CNN convolutional neural networks
- RNN recurrent neural networks
- DBM deep Boltzmann machines
- the chip 1200 can be used as an AI chip, or the GPU module 1204 can be used as an AI system module because a technique such as DBN) can be performed.
- the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment is, for example, a storage device of various electronic devices (eg, information terminals, computers, smartphones, electronic book terminals, digital cameras (including video cameras), recording / playback devices, navigation systems, and the like).
- the computer includes a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, and a large computer such as a server system.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments is applied to various removable storage devices such as a memory card (eg, an SD card), a USB memory, and an SSD (solid state drive).
- 17A to 17E schematically show some configuration examples of the removable storage device.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments is processed into a packaged memory chip and used for various storage devices and removable memories.
- FIG. 17A is a schematic diagram of a USB memory.
- the USB memory 1100 has a housing 1101, a cap 1102, a USB connector 1103, and a substrate 1104.
- the substrate 1104 is housed in the housing 1101.
- a memory chip 1105 and a controller chip 1106 are attached to the substrate 1104.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1105 or the like of the substrate 1104.
- FIG. 17B is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the SD card
- FIG. 17C is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the SD card.
- the SD card 1110 has a housing 1111, a connector 1112, and a board 1113.
- the substrate 1113 is housed in the housing 1111.
- a memory chip 1114 and a controller chip 1115 are attached to the substrate 1113.
- the capacity of the SD card 1110 can be increased.
- a wireless chip having a wireless communication function may be provided over the substrate 1113.
- the data in the memory chip 1114 can be read and written by wireless communication between the host device and the SD card 1110.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1114 of the substrate 1113 or the like.
- FIG. 17D is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the SSD
- FIG. 17E is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the SSD.
- the SSD 1150 has a housing 1151, a connector 1152, and a board 1153.
- the substrate 1153 is housed in the housing 1151.
- the memory chip 1154, the memory chip 1155, and the controller chip 1156 are attached to the substrate 1153.
- the memory chip 1155 is a work memory of the controller chip 1156, and for example, a DOSRAM chip may be used.
- the capacity of the SSD 1150 can be increased.
- the semiconductor device described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in the memory chip 1154 of the substrate 1153 or the like.
- the semiconductor device can be used for a processor such as a CPU or a GPU, or a chip.
- 18A to 18H illustrate specific examples of electronic devices each including a processor such as a CPU or a GPU or a chip according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the GPU or the chip according to one embodiment of the present invention can be mounted on various electronic devices.
- electronic devices include relatively large screens such as television devices, monitors for desktop or notebook information terminals, digital signage (digital signage), and large game machines such as pachinko machines.
- digital signage digital signage
- large game machines such as pachinko machines.
- the electronic device including, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, an electronic book reader, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a personal digital assistant, a sound reproducing device, and the like.
- artificial intelligence can be mounted on the electronic device.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna.
- the display portion can display images, information, and the like.
- the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
- the electronic device includes a sensor (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, (Including the function of measuring voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays).
- a sensor force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, (Including the function of measuring voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays).
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can have various functions. For example, a function of displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function of displaying a calendar, date or time, a function of executing various software (programs), wireless communication It can have a function, a function of reading a program or data recorded in a recording medium, and the like.
- 18A to 18H show examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 18A illustrates a mobile phone (smartphone) that is a type of information terminal.
- the information terminal 5100 includes a housing 5101 and a display portion 5102, and a touch panel is provided in the display portion 5102 and a button is provided in the housing 5101 as an input interface.
- the information terminal 5100 can execute an application utilizing artificial intelligence.
- an application using artificial intelligence for example, an application for recognizing a conversation and displaying the content of the conversation on the display unit 5102, a character input by a user on a touch panel included in the display unit 5102, a graphic, etc. are recognized, An application displayed on the display portion 5102, an application for performing biometric authentication such as a fingerprint or a voiceprint, and the like can be given.
- FIG. 18B shows a notebook information terminal 5200.
- the laptop information terminal 5200 includes a main body 5201 of the information terminal, a display portion 5202, and a keyboard 5203.
- the notebook information terminal 5200 can execute an application utilizing artificial intelligence by applying the chip of one embodiment of the present invention.
- applications using artificial intelligence include design support software, text correction software, and menu automatic generation software. Further, by using the notebook information terminal 5200, new artificial intelligence can be developed.
- a smartphone and a notebook information terminal are shown as examples of the electronic device in FIGS. 18A and 18B, but information terminals other than the smartphone and the notebook information terminal can be applied.
- Examples of information terminals other than smartphones and notebook information terminals include PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), desktop information terminals, workstations, and the like.
- FIG. 18C shows a portable game machine 5300 which is an example of a game machine.
- the portable game machine 5300 includes a housing 5301, a housing 5302, a housing 5303, a display portion 5304, a connection portion 5305, operation keys 5306, and the like.
- the housings 5302 and 5303 can be removed from the housing 5301.
- an image output to the display portion 5304 can be output to another video device (not shown). it can.
- the housing 5302 and the housing 5303 can each function as an operation portion. This allows a plurality of players to play the game at the same time.
- the chip described in any of the above embodiments can be incorporated in chips provided on the substrates of the housings 5301, 5302, and 5303.
- FIG. 18D shows a stationary game machine 5400 which is an example of a game machine.
- a controller 5402 is connected to the stationary game machine 5400 wirelessly or by wire.
- the mobile game machine 5300 having artificial intelligence can be realized.
- expressions such as the progress of the game, the behaviors of the creatures appearing in the game, and the phenomena occurring in the game are determined by the program included in the game.
- expressions not limited to game programs are possible. For example, it is possible to express that the contents of the question asked by the player, the progress of the game, the time, and the behavior of the person appearing in the game change.
- the artificial intelligence can configure the game player as an anthropomorphic person. You can play games.
- 18C and 18D illustrate a portable game machine and a stationary game machine as examples of the game machine
- the game machine to which the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention is applied is not limited thereto.
- a game machine to which the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention is applied for example, an arcade game machine installed in an entertainment facility (a game center, an amusement park, etc.), a batting practice pitching machine installed in a sports facility, etc. Is mentioned.
- the GPU or chip of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a large computer.
- FIG. 18E is a diagram showing a super computer 5500, which is an example of a large computer.
- FIG. 18F is a diagram showing a rack mount computer 5502 included in the super computer 5500.
- the super computer 5500 has a rack 5501 and a plurality of rack mount computers 5502.
- the plurality of computers 5502 are stored in the rack 5501. Further, the computer 5502 is provided with a plurality of boards 5504, and the GPU or the chip described in any of the above embodiments can be mounted on the boards.
- Supercomputer 5500 is a large computer mainly used for scientific and technological calculations. Scientific and technological calculations require huge amounts of calculations to be processed at high speed, resulting in high power consumption and large chip heat generation.
- the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention to the supercomputer 5500, a supercomputer with low power consumption can be realized.
- heat generation from a circuit can be reduced by low power consumption, the influence of the heat generation on the circuit itself, peripheral circuits, and modules can be reduced.
- 18E and 18F illustrate a supercomputer as an example of a large computer, but the large computer to which the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention is applied is not limited to this.
- Examples of large-sized computers to which the GPU or chip of one embodiment of the present invention is applied include computers (servers) that provide services, large-sized general-purpose computers (mainframes), and the like.
- the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an automobile that is a moving object and around a driver's seat of the automobile.
- FIG. 18G is a diagram showing the vicinity of the windshield in the interior of an automobile, which is an example of a moving body.
- FIG. 18G shows the display panel 5701, the display panel 5702, and the display panel 5703 attached to the dashboard, and the display panel 5704 attached to the pillar.
- Display panel 5701 to display panel 5703 can provide various other information by displaying speedometer, tachometer, mileage, fuel gauge, gear status, air conditioner settings, and the like. Further, the display items and layout displayed on the display panel can be appropriately changed according to the preference of the user, and the designability can be improved.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can also be used as a lighting device.
- the field of view (blind spot) blocked by the pillars can be complemented. That is, by displaying the image from the image pickup device provided outside the automobile, the blind spot can be compensated and the safety can be improved. In addition, by displaying an image that complements the invisible portion, it is possible to confirm the safety more naturally and comfortably.
- the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
- the GPU or the chip of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied as a component of artificial intelligence
- the chip can be used, for example, in an automatic driving system of an automobile.
- the chip can be used in a system that performs road guidance, risk prediction, and the like. Information such as road guidance and risk prediction may be displayed on the display panels 5701 to 5704.
- a car is described as an example of the moving body, but the moving body is not limited to the car.
- the moving object a train, a monorail, a ship, a flying object (a helicopter, an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone), an airplane, a rocket), or the like can be given, and the chip of one embodiment of the present invention is applied to these moving objects.
- a system using artificial intelligence can be added.
- FIG. 18H shows an electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 which is an example of an electric appliance.
- the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 includes a housing 5801, a refrigerator compartment door 5802, a freezer compartment door 5803, and the like.
- the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 having artificial intelligence can be realized.
- the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 has a function of automatically generating a menu based on the food items stored in the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800, the expiration date of the foodstuff, and the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800. It can have a function of automatically adjusting the temperature according to the food.
- an electric refrigerator-freezer is described as an example of the electric appliance
- other electric appliances include, for example, a vacuum cleaner, a microwave oven, a microwave oven, a rice cooker, a water heater, an IH cooker, a water server, an air conditioner including an air conditioner, Examples include washing machines, dryers and audiovisual equipment.
- the electronic device described in this embodiment the function of the electronic device, the application example of the artificial intelligence, the effect, and the like can be appropriately combined with the description of other electronic devices.
- the semiconductor device 990 has a plurality of transistors 200 manufactured in the same step. Note that the manufactured transistor 200 was designed with a channel length of 60 nm and a channel width of 60 nm. Further, in the semiconductor device 990, the density of the transistors 200 was set to 2.9 pieces / ⁇ m 2 . In addition, a plug connected to the transistor 200 was formed.
- Example preparation method A method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 990 including the plug structure and the transistor 200 illustrated in FIG. 4A is described below.
- the transistor 200 was created.
- a silicon oxide film was formed as the insulator 280 over the transistor 200 by a CVD method.
- the film to be the insulator 280 was planarized by CMP to form the insulator 280.
- an aluminum oxide film was formed as the insulator 282 on the insulator 280 by a sputtering method.
- a silicon nitride film was formed as an insulator 283 on the insulator 282 by a sputtering method. Further, a silicon oxide film was formed as the insulator 284 over the insulator 283 by a CVD method.
- the insulator 284, the insulator 283, the insulator 282, and part of the insulator 280 were removed, and an opening 295 that exposed part of the transistor 200 was formed.
- a mask having a rectangular plug shape was used as the sample 1A.
- Sample 1B used a mask having a round plug shape.
- the cleaning process was performed only on Sample 1B.
- QDR Quality Dump Rinsing
- an aluminum oxide film was formed by the ALD method, and then an etchback process was performed to form the insulator 247 only on the side surface of the opening 295.
- a titanium nitride film and a tungsten film were continuously formed as a film to be the conductor 246.
- the semiconductor device 990 was manufactured through the above steps.
- each sample 1A and sample 1B was subjected to planar observation with respect to each two plugs.
- Sample 1A-1 and sample 1A-2, or sample 1B-1 and sample 1B-2 respectively.
- the positions of Sample 1A-1 and Sample 1B-1 were selected from the equivalent exposure areas on each substrate. Further, the positions of Sample 1A-2 and Sample 1B-2 were also selected from the same exposure area on each substrate.
- the following table shows the mask of each sample and the presence or absence of the cleaning step.
- FIG. 19 shows the planar STEM observation result of each sample.
- FIG. 19A shows a plan view of the plug of Sample 1A-1.
- FIG. 19B shows a plan view of the plug of Sample 1A-2.
- FIG. 19C shows a plan view of the plug of Sample 1B-1.
- FIG. 19D shows a plan view of the plug of Sample 1B-2.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B it was found that a cavity was formed in the opening. It was also confirmed that the formed cavities were concentrated in the corners. In particular, in the plug shown in FIG. 19A, it was confirmed that not only the corners but also large cavities were formed between the side surface of the opening and the conductor, as compared with FIG. 19B.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiments described in this specification.
- transistors 200 including the oxide semiconductor shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C were manufactured in the same step, transistor characteristics were measured, and variations in transistor characteristics were evaluated.
- a semiconductor device including the transistor 200 illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6C is referred to as a sample 2A.
- the designed values of the channel length and the channel width were each set to 60 nm.
- the density of the transistors was 2.0 / ⁇ m 2 .
- the sample 2A will be described below.
- a target ratio of 3: 4 [atomic ratio] was used, and a stack structure of an In-Ga-Zn oxide formed by a sputtering method was used. Note that the film to be the oxide 230a and the film to be the oxide 230b were formed by continuous film formation.
- the conductor 240 was formed using a tantalum nitride film.
- the insulator 250 is formed using a silicon oxynitride film.
- the conductor 260a was formed using a titanium nitride film.
- As the conductor 260b a tungsten film was formed. Note that the film to be the conductor 260a and the film to be the conductor 260b were formed by continuous film formation.
- the value of the gate voltage Vg when the drain current Id 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 [A] was taken as the Shift value (Vsh).
- FIG. 20A and 20B show normal probability plot diagrams of electrical characteristics of 26 transistors included in the sample 2A.
- FIG. 20A shows variations in Shift value (Vsh).
- FIG. 20B shows variations in the on-current (Ion) [ ⁇ A].
- the average Shift value was ⁇ 0.11 V, and the standard deviation ⁇ showing in-plane variation was 0.035 V.
- the average value of the on-current is 5.85 ⁇ A, and the value ( ⁇ / average value) obtained by dividing the standard deviation ⁇ , which is an index indicating the in-plane variation of the on-current, by the average value is It was 7.7%.
- the transistor 200 using the present invention has almost the same value as the variation of the transistor using Si.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiments described in this specification.
- a transistor 200 including the oxide semiconductor shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D was manufactured and evaluated assuming high voltage driving.
- the channel width design values (W) are , Each containing a 60 nm transistor.
- the values of L and W represent design values.
- a semiconductor device having the transistor 200 will be described below.
- a target ratio of 3: 4 [atomic ratio] was used, and a stack structure of an In-Ga-Zn oxide formed by a sputtering method was used. Note that the film to be the oxide 230a and the film to be the oxide 230b were formed by continuous film formation.
- the conductor 240 was formed using a tantalum nitride film.
- the insulator 250 is formed using a silicon oxynitride film.
- the conductor 260a was formed using a titanium nitride film.
- As the conductor 260b a tungsten film was formed. Note that the film to be the conductor 260a and the film to be the conductor 260b were formed by continuous film formation.
- a temperature stress of 125 ° C. was applied, the initial Id-Vg characteristic was measured at 125 ° C., and the initial Vsh was calculated.
- the relative variation amount from the initial Vsh was set to ⁇ Vsh, the Vsh value after applying a stress time of 1 hour was measured at 125 ° C., and ⁇ Vsh was calculated from the difference, which was defined as the variation amount.
- Vd + 4V (Stress)
- ⁇ Vsh was about ⁇ 10 mV
- Vd + 5V (Stress)
- ⁇ Vsh was about ⁇ 100 mV.
- ⁇ Vsh was about +20 mV
- ⁇ Vsh was about +60 mV
- ⁇ Vsh was about +110 mV. .
- 25A shows the stress time on a log scale
- FIG. 25B shows the stress time on a linear scale.
- ⁇ Vsh is about +170 mV
- a stress (Vg + 5V) at a stress time of 20 hours.
- ⁇ Vsh was about +220 mV at a stress time of 20 hours.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiments described in this specification.
- the transistor 200 including the oxide semiconductor shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D was manufactured, and the HC (Hot Carrier) deterioration test and the hysteresis evaluation were performed.
- HC Het Carrier
- a semiconductor device having the transistor 200 will be described below.
- a target ratio of 3: 4 [atomic ratio] was used, and a stack structure of an In-Ga-Zn oxide formed by a sputtering method was used. Note that the film to be the oxide 230a and the film to be the oxide 230b were formed by continuous film formation.
- the conductor 240 was formed using a tantalum nitride film.
- the insulator 250 is formed using a silicon oxynitride film.
- the conductor 260a was formed using a titanium nitride film.
- As the conductor 260b a tungsten film was formed. Note that the film to be the conductor 260a and the film to be the conductor 260b were formed by continuous film formation.
- ⁇ Vd + 5V was fixed in the environment of temperature 25 °C.
- the application of Vg was performed under four conditions of Vth + 0V, Vth + 0.5V, Vth + 1.0V, and Vth + 2V.
- FIGS. 26A and 26B The results of the HC deterioration test are shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, and FIGS. 27A and 27B.
- FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, FIG. 28C, and FIG. 29A, FIG. 29B, and FIG. 29C show hysteresis evaluation results.
- the solid line in each figure represents the result of forward sweep.
- the dashed line represents the result of the backward sweep.
- the solid line and the broken line overlap, and no difference was found between the forward sweep and the backward sweep. Although not shown, no difference was observed between the forward sweep and the backward sweep in all the elements in the second and third tests.
- 29A, 29B, and 29C the solid line and the broken line overlap each other, and no difference was found between the forward sweep and the backward sweep. Although not shown, no difference was observed between the forward sweep and the backward sweep in all the elements in the second and third tests. From the above results, in the hysteresis test, no difference was observed between the forward sweep and the backward sweep in all the devices.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiments described in this specification.
- 200 transistor, 201 substrate, 205 conductor, 210 insulator, 212 insulator, 214 insulator, 216 insulator, 218 conductor, 222 insulator, 224 insulator, 230 oxide, 230a oxide, 230b oxide , 230c oxide, 240 conductor, 240a conductor, 240b conductor, 245 insulator, 245a insulator, 245b insulator, 246 conductor, 246A conductive film, 247 insulator, 248 conductor, 250 insulator, 260 Conductor, 260a conductor, 260b conductor, 273 insulator, 274 insulator, 280 insulator, 282 insulator, 283 insulator, 284 insulator, 290A film, 290B hard mask, 292 resist mask, 295 opening, 297 area, 29 Cleaning equipment
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- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図2A、図2B、図2Cは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の作製方法を示す断面図である。
図3A、図3B、図3Cは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の作製方法を示す断面図である。
図4A、図4Bは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の作製方法を示す断面図である。
図5A、図5B、図5C、図5Dは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。
図6A、図6B、図6Cは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。
図7A、図7B、図7C、図7Dは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。
図8はキャリア濃度とシート抵抗の関係を示す図である。
図9A、図9Bはキャリア濃度と水素濃度の関係を示す図である。
図10はキャリア濃度とフェルミレベルの関係を示す図である。
図11は本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の構成を示す断面図である。
図12は本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の構成を示す断面図である。
図13は本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の構成を示す断面図である。
図14A、図14Bは本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
図15A、図15B、図15C、図15D、図15E、図15F、図15G、図15Hは本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の構成例を示す回路図である。
図16A、図16Bは本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の模式図である。
図17A、図17B、図17C、図17D、図17Eは本発明の一態様に係る記憶装置の模式図である。
図18A、図18B、図18C、図18D、図18E、図18F、図18G、図18Hは本発明の一態様に係る電子機器を示す図である。
図19A、図19B、図19C、図19Dは実施例に係る半導体装置の平面を説明する図である。
図20Aは、実施例にかかる試料のShift値の正規確率プロットを表す図である。図20Bは、実施例にかかる試料のオン電流の正規確率プロットを表す図である。
図21Aは、実施例にかかるId−Vd特性を表す図である。図21Bは、実施例にかかるドレイン耐圧VbL依存性を表す図である。
図22Aは、実施例にかかる+DBT試験結果を表す図である。図22Bは、実施例にかかる+GBT試験結果を表す図である。
図23Aは、実施例にかかる+DBT試験結果を表す図である。図23Bは、実施例にかかる+GBT試験結果を表す図である。
図24A、図24Bは、実施例にかかる+GBT長期試験結果を表す図である。
図25A、図25Bは、実施例にかかる+GBT長期試験結果を表す図である。
図26A、図26Bは、実施例にかかるHC劣化試験結果を表す図である。
図27A、図27Bは、実施例にかかるHC劣化試験結果を表す図である。
図28A、図28B、図28Cは、実施例にかかるヒステリシス評価結果を表す図である。
図29A、図29B、図29Cは、実施例にかかるヒステリシス評価結果を表す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の一例について説明する。
図1は、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。図1Aは、当該半導体装置の上面図である。また、図1Bは、図1AにL1−L2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図1に示す半導体装置では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
次に、図1に示す、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の作製方法を、図2A乃至図3Cを用いて説明する。図2A乃至図3Cは、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の断面図である。なお、図2A乃至図3Cに示す半導体装置では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
以下では、図4を用いて、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の一例について説明する。
図4Aに示す半導体装置は、開口部295の側面に、絶縁体247を有する。
図4Bに示す半導体装置は、トランジスタ200の上下にバリア層として機能する絶縁体212、および絶縁体283を有する。また、絶縁体212と絶縁体283とは、トランジスタ200の側面、または基板の端部となる領域297において、接する構造を有する。つまり、図4Bに示す半導体装置は、トランジスタ200と過剰酸素領域を有する絶縁体280とを、バリア層により封止する構造を有する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタを有する半導体装置の一例について説明する。本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタを有する半導体装置は、チャネル形成領域に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタである。
図5A乃至図5Dは、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。図5Aは、当該半導体装置の上面図である。また、図5B乃至図5Dは、当該半導体装置の断面図である。ここで、図5Bは、図5AにA1−A2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。また、図5Cは、図5AにA3−A4の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。また、図5Dは、図5AにA5−A6の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図5Aの上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
図5A乃至図5Dに示すように、トランジスタ200は、基板(図示せず。)の上に配置され、絶縁体216に埋め込まれるように配置された導電体205と、絶縁体216の上および導電体205の上に配置された絶縁体222と、絶縁体222の上に配置された絶縁体224と、絶縁体224の上に配置された酸化物230(酸化物230a、酸化物230b、および酸化物230c)と、酸化物230の上に配置された絶縁体250と、絶縁体250上に配置された導電体260(導電体260a、および導電体260b)と、酸化物230bの上面の一部と接する導電体240aおよび導電体240bと、導電体240a上の絶縁体245aと、導電体240b上の絶縁体245bと、を有する。
以下では、半導体装置に用いることができる構成材料について説明する。
トランジスタ200を形成する基板としては、例えば、絶縁体基板、半導体基板、または導電体基板を用いればよい。絶縁体基板としては、例えば、ガラス基板、石英基板、サファイア基板、安定化ジルコニア基板(イットリア安定化ジルコニア基板など)、樹脂基板などがある。また、半導体基板としては、例えば、シリコン、ゲルマニウムを材料とした半導体基板、または炭化シリコン、シリコンゲルマニウム、ヒ化ガリウム、リン化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ガリウムからなる化合物半導体基板などがある。さらには、前述の半導体基板内部に絶縁体領域を有する半導体基板、例えば、SOI(Silicon On Insulator)基板などがある。導電体基板としては、黒鉛基板、金属基板、合金基板、導電性樹脂基板などがある。または、金属の窒化物を有する基板、金属の酸化物を有する基板などがある。さらには、絶縁体基板に導電体または半導体が設けられた基板、半導体基板に導電体または絶縁体が設けられた基板、導電体基板に半導体または絶縁体が設けられた基板などがある。または、これらの基板に素子が設けられたものを用いてもよい。基板に設けられる素子としては、容量素子、抵抗素子、スイッチ素子、発光素子、記憶素子などがある。
絶縁体としては、絶縁性を有する酸化物、窒化物、酸化窒化物、窒化酸化物、金属酸化物、金属酸化窒化物、金属窒化酸化物などがある。
導電体としては、アルミニウム、クロム、銅、銀、金、白金、タンタル、ニッケル、チタン、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、マンガン、マグネシウム、ジルコニウム、ベリリウム、インジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、ストロンチウム、ランタンなどから選ばれた金属元素、または上述した金属元素を成分とする合金か、上述した金属元素を組み合わせた合金等を用いることが好ましい。例えば、窒化タンタル、窒化チタン、タングステン、チタンとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、タンタルとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、酸化ルテニウム、窒化ルテニウム、ストロンチウムとルテニウムを含む酸化物、ランタンとニッケルを含む酸化物などを用いることが好ましい。また、窒化タンタル、窒化チタン、チタンとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、タンタルとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、酸化ルテニウム、窒化ルテニウム、ストロンチウムとルテニウムを含む酸化物、ランタンとニッケルを含む酸化物は、酸化しにくい導電性材料、または、酸素を吸収しても導電性を維持する材料であるため、好ましい。また、リン等の不純物元素を含有させた多結晶シリコンに代表される、電気伝導度が高い半導体、ニッケルシリサイドなどのシリサイドを用いてもよい。
酸化物230として、酸化物半導体として機能する金属酸化物を用いることが好ましい。以下では、本発明に係る酸化物230に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
酸化物半導体(金属酸化物)は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
ここで、金属酸化物中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施例では、酸化物半導体として機能する金属酸化物におけるキャリア濃度、シート抵抗、及びフェルミ準位の関係について説明する。
以下では、図6A乃至図6Cを用いて、本発明の一態様に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置の一例について説明する。
以下では、図7A乃至図7Dを用いて、本実施例に係るトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置に、本発明の一態様の層間膜の積層構造、およびプラグを応用した一例を説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置の一形態を、図11および図12を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様である容量素子を使用した、半導体装置(記憶装置)の一例を図11に示す。本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、トランジスタ200はトランジスタ300の上方に設けられ、容量素子100はトランジスタ200の上方に設けられている。容量素子100、またはトランジスタ300は、少なくとも一部がトランジスタ200と重畳することが好ましい。これにより、容量素子100、トランジスタ200、およびトランジスタ300の上面視における占有面積を低減することができるので、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置を微細化または高集積化させることができる。なお、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置は、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit)またはGPU(Graphics Processing Unit)に代表されるロジック回路、あるいはDRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)またはNVM(Non−Volatile Memory)に代表されるメモリ回路に適用することができる。
トランジスタ300は、基板311上に設けられ、ゲート電極として機能する導電体316、ゲート絶縁体として機能する絶縁体315、基板311の一部からなる半導体領域313、ならびにソース領域またはドレイン領域として機能する低抵抗領域314a、および低抵抗領域314bを有する。
容量素子100は、絶縁体160上の絶縁体114と、絶縁体114上の絶縁体140と、絶縁体114および絶縁体140に形成された開口の中に配置された導電体110と、導電体110および絶縁体140上の絶縁体130と、絶縁体130上の導電体120と、導電体120および絶縁体130上の絶縁体150と、を有する。ここで、絶縁体114および絶縁体140に形成された開口の中に導電体110、絶縁体130、および導電体120の少なくとも一部が配置される。
各構造体の間には、層間膜、配線、およびプラグ等が設けられた配線層が設けられていてもよい。また、配線層は、設計に応じて複数層設けることができる。ここで、プラグまたは配線として機能する導電体は、複数の構造をまとめて同一の符号を付与する場合がある。また、本明細書等において、配線と、配線と電気的に接続するプラグとが一体物であってもよい。すなわち、導電体の一部が配線として機能する場合、および導電体の一部がプラグとして機能する場合もある。
なお、トランジスタ200に、酸化物半導体を用いる場合、酸化物半導体の近傍に過剰酸素領域を有する絶縁体が設けられることがある。その場合、該過剰酸素領域を有する絶縁体と、該過剰酸素領域を有する絶縁体に設ける導電体との間に、バリア性を有する絶縁体を設けることが好ましい。
本発明の一態様である半導体装置を使用した、半導体装置(記憶装置)の一例を図12に示す。図12に示す半導体装置は、図11で示した半導体装置と同様に、トランジスタ200、トランジスタ300、および容量素子100を有する。ただし、図12に示す半導体装置は、容量素子100がプレーナ型である点、およびトランジスタ200とトランジスタ300が電気的に接続されている点において、図11に示す半導体装置と異なる。
本発明の一態様である半導体装置を使用した、記憶装置の一例を図13に示す。図13に示す記憶装置は、図12で示したトランジスタ200、トランジスタ300、および容量素子100を有する半導体装置に加え、トランジスタ400を有している。
トランジスタ400は、トランジスタ200と、同じ層に形成されており、並行して作製することができるトランジスタである。トランジスタ400は、第1のゲート電極として機能する導電体460(導電体460a、および導電体460b)と、第2のゲート電極として機能する導電体405と、ゲート絶縁層として機能する絶縁体222、絶縁体224、および絶縁体450と、チャネルが形成される領域を有する酸化物430cと、ソースまたはドレインの一方として機能する導電体440a、酸化物432a、および酸化物432bと、ソースまたはドレインの他方として機能する導電体440b、酸化物431a、および酸化物431bと、バリア層として機能する絶縁体445a、および445bと、を有する。
本実施の形態では、図14A、図14B、および図15A乃至図15Hを用いて、本発明の一態様に係る、酸化物を半導体に用いたトランジスタ(以下、OSトランジスタと呼ぶ場合がある。)、および容量素子が適用されている記憶装置(以下、OSメモリ装置と呼ぶ場合がある。)について説明する。OSメモリ装置は、少なくとも容量素子と、容量素子の充放電を制御するOSトランジスタを有する記憶装置である。OSトランジスタのオフ電流は極めて小さいので、OSメモリ装置は優れた保持特性をもち、不揮発性メモリとして機能させることができる。
図14AにOSメモリ装置の構成の一例を示す。記憶装置1400は、周辺回路1411、およびメモリセルアレイ1470を有する。周辺回路1411は、行回路1420、列回路1430、出力回路1440、およびコントロールロジック回路1460を有する。
図15A乃至図15Cに、DRAMのメモリセルの回路構成例を示す。本明細書等において、1OSトランジスタ1容量素子型のメモリセルを用いたDRAMを、DOSRAM(Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory)と呼ぶ場合がある。図15Aに示す、メモリセル1471は、トランジスタM1と、容量素子CAと、を有する。なお、トランジスタM1は、ゲート(トップゲートと呼ぶ場合がある。)、及びバックゲートを有する。
図15D乃至図15Gに、2トランジスタ1容量素子のゲインセル型のメモリセルの回路構成例を示す。図15Dに示す、メモリセル1474は、トランジスタM2と、トランジスタM3と、容量素子CBと、を有する。なお、トランジスタM2は、トップゲート(単にゲートと呼ぶ場合がある。)、及びバックゲートを有する。本明細書等において、トランジスタM2にOSトランジスタを用いたゲインセル型のメモリセルを有する記憶装置を、NOSRAM(Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM)と呼ぶ場合がある。
本実施の形態では、図16A、および図16Bを用いて、本発明の半導体装置が実装されたチップ1200の一例を示す。チップ1200には、複数の回路(システム)が実装されている。このように、複数の回路(システム)を一つのチップに集積する技術を、システムオンチップ(System on Chip:SoC)と呼ぶ場合がある。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置を用いた記憶装置の応用例について説明する。先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、例えば、各種電子機器(例えば、情報端末、コンピュータ、スマートフォン、電子書籍端末、デジタルカメラ(ビデオカメラも含む)、録画再生装置、ナビゲーションシステムなど)の記憶装置に適用できる。なお、ここで、コンピュータとは、タブレット型のコンピュータ、ノート型のコンピュータ、デスクトップ型のコンピュータの他、サーバシステムのような大型のコンピュータを含むものである。または、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、メモリカード(例えば、SDカード)、USBメモリ、SSD(ソリッド・ステート・ドライブ)等の各種のリムーバブル記憶装置に適用される。図17A乃至図17Eにリムーバブル記憶装置の幾つかの構成例を模式的に示す。例えば、先の実施の形態に示す半導体装置は、パッケージングされたメモリチップに加工され、様々なストレージ装置、リムーバブルメモリに用いられる。
本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置は、CPUやGPUなどのプロセッサ、またはチップに用いることができる。図18A乃至図18Hに、本発明の一態様に係るCPUやGPUなどのプロセッサ、またはチップを備えた電子機器の具体例を示す。
本発明の一態様に係るGPUまたはチップは、様々な電子機器に搭載することができる。電子機器の例としては、例えば、テレビジョン装置、デスクトップ型またはノート型の情報端末用などのモニタ、デジタルサイネージ(Digital Signage:電子看板)、パチンコ機などの大型ゲーム機、などの比較的大きな画面を備える電子機器の他、デジタルカメラ、デジタルビデオカメラ、デジタルフォトフレーム、電子ブックリーダー、携帯電話機、携帯型ゲーム機、携帯情報端末、音響再生装置、などが挙げられる。また、本発明の一態様に係るGPUまたはチップを電子機器に設けることにより、電子機器に人工知能を搭載することができる。
図18Aには、情報端末の一種である携帯電話(スマートフォン)が図示されている。情報端末5100は、筐体5101と、表示部5102と、を有しており、入力用インターフェースとして、タッチパネルが表示部5102に備えられ、ボタンが筐体5101に備えられている。
図18Cは、ゲーム機の一例である携帯ゲーム機5300を示している。携帯ゲーム機5300は、筐体5301、筐体5302、筐体5303、表示部5304、接続部5305、操作キー5306等を有する。筐体5302、および筐体5303は、筐体5301から取り外すことが可能である。筐体5301に設けられている接続部5305を別の筐体(図示せず)に取り付けることで、表示部5304に出力される映像を、別の映像機器(図示せず)に出力することができる。このとき、筐体5302、および筐体5303は、それぞれ操作部として機能することができる。これにより、複数のプレイヤーが同時にゲームを行うことができる。筐体5301、筐体5302、および筐体5303の基板に設けられているチップなどに先の実施の形態に示すチップを組み込むことができる。
本発明の一態様のGPUまたはチップは、大型コンピュータに適用することができる。
本発明の一態様のGPUまたはチップは、移動体である自動車、および自動車の運転席周辺に適用することができる。
図18Hは、電化製品の一例である電気冷凍冷蔵庫5800を示している。電気冷凍冷蔵庫5800は、筐体5801、冷蔵室用扉5802、冷凍室用扉5803等を有する。
以下に、図4Aに示すプラグ構造、およびトランジスタ200を有する半導体装置990の作製方法を説明する。
次に、各試料1A、および試料1Bに対し、各2点のプラグに対し平面観察を行った。それぞれ試料1A−1、および試料1A−2、または、試料1B−1、および試料1B−2とする。なお、試料1A−1の位置と試料1B−1の位置は、各基板における同等の露光領域から選出した。また、試料1A−2の位置と試料1B−2の位置も、各基板における同等の露光領域から選出した。下表に、各試料のマスク、および洗浄工程の有無を示す。
まず、試料2Aに対し、窒素雰囲気下で400℃、8時間の加熱処理を行った。その後、試料2Aが有する27個のトランジスタの電気特性を測定した。なお、電気特性として、ドレイン電圧Vdを1.2Vとし、ゲート電圧Vgを−4Vから+4Vまで変化させ、Id−Vg特性を測定した。
まず、L=60nm、100nm、200nm、および350nm、であり、それぞれW=60nmのトランジスタのドレイン耐圧を測定した。また、それぞれ3個のトランジスタを測定した。測定において、ゲート電圧Vgを+5Vに設定し、ドレイン電圧Vdを0Vから増加させて、ドレイン電流Idを監視した。ドレイン耐圧は、Idが急激に低下したとき、つまりトランジスタ200が破壊された時のVdとした。なお、Vdの最大電圧は+20Vとした。また、測定時の温度は85℃とした。
次に、L=60nm、W=60nmのトランジスタ、およびL=350nm、W=60nmのトランジスタのVshの変動量に着目して信頼性を評価した。信頼性試験の条件は、125℃の温度ストレスを与え、初期のId−Vg特性を125℃で測定し、初期Vshを算出した。その後、初期Vshからの相対変動量をΔVshとして、1時間のストレス時間を与えた後のVsh値を125℃で測定しその差分からΔVshを算出し変動量とした。信頼性試験は2種類行っており、Vdにストレス電圧を与え、Vg、Vs、VbgをGNDとした+DBT(+Drain Bias Temperature)試験とVgにストレス電圧を与え、Vs、Vd、VbgをGNDとした+GBT(Gate Bias Temperature)試験をそれぞれ行った。
本実施例のHC劣化試験は、以下に説明するストレスをトランジスタに与えて、ストレス前後のトランジスタ特性を比較した。以下にストレスの詳細を記す。
ヒステリシス評価は、以下のように行った。温度25℃、Vd=+1.2Vにおいて、Vgを−2Vから+4Vに掃引(順方向掃引)してId−Vg特性を測定した後、Vg=+4Vから−2Vに掃引(逆方向掃引)してId−Vg特性の測定を行う。この測定を3回繰り返し行い、順方向掃引と逆方向掃引でのId−Vg特性のずれを評価した。評価したトランジスタは、L=350nm、W=60nmを3素子、L=60nm、W=60nmを3素子、それぞれ評価した。
Claims (6)
- 酸化物半導体を形成し、
前記酸化物半導体に接する第1の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第1の絶縁体上に、第2の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第2の絶縁体上に、第3の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第3の絶縁体、前記第2の絶縁体、および前記第1の絶縁体に、開口部を形成し、
前記開口部内を洗浄し、
前記洗浄された開口部内に導電体を埋め込み、
前記第1の絶縁体は、過剰酸素領域を含むように形成され、
前記第2の絶縁体は、前記第1の絶縁体よりも、酸素、水素、または水に対する高いバリア性を有するように形成され、
前記開口部は、円柱、または逆円錐の形状になるように加工される半導体装置の作製方法。 - 酸化物半導体を形成し、
前記酸化物半導体に接する第1の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第1の絶縁体上に、酸素雰囲気下のスパッタリング法により、第2の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第2の絶縁体上に、第3の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第3の絶縁体、前記第2の絶縁体、および前記第1の絶縁体に、開口部を形成し、
前記開口部内を洗浄し、
前記洗浄された開口部内に導電体を埋め込み、
前記第1の絶縁体は、酸化窒化シリコンであり、
前記第2の絶縁体は、酸化アルミニウムであり、
前記開口部は、円柱、または逆円錐の形状になるように加工される半導体装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記洗浄された開口部の側面に、第4の絶縁体を形成する工程を有し、
前記第4の絶縁体は、前記第1の絶縁体よりも、酸素、水素、または水に対する高いバリア性を有する半導体装置の作製方法。 - 第1の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第1の絶縁体上に、酸化物半導体を形成し、
前記酸化物半導体に接する第2の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第2の絶縁体上に、第3の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第3の絶縁体上に、第4の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第4の絶縁体、前記第3の絶縁体、および前記第2の絶縁体に、開口部を形成し、
前記開口部内を洗浄し、
前記洗浄された開口部内に導電体を埋め込み、
前記第2の絶縁体は、過剰酸素領域を含むように形成され、
前記第2の絶縁体、および前記第3の絶縁体は、前記第1の絶縁体よりも、酸素、水素、または水に対する高いバリア性を有するように形成され、
前記第1の絶縁体と前記第4の絶縁体とは、同じ材質を用いて形成され、
前記第1の絶縁体と前記第2の絶縁体とは、前記酸化物半導体の周縁領域で接し、
前記開口部は、円柱、または逆円錐の形状になるように加工される半導体装置の作製方法。 - 第1の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第1の絶縁体上に、酸化物半導体を形成し、
前記酸化物半導体に接する第2の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第2の絶縁体上に、酸素雰囲気下のスパッタリング法により、第3の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第3の絶縁体上に、第4の絶縁体を成膜し、
前記第4の絶縁体、前記第3の絶縁体、および前記第2の絶縁体に、開口部を形成し、
前記開口部内を洗浄し、
前記洗浄された開口部内に導電体を埋め込み、
前記第1の絶縁体、前記第4の絶縁体は、窒化シリコンであり、
前記第2の絶縁体は、酸化窒化シリコンであり、
前記第3の絶縁体は、酸化アルミニウムであり、
前記第1の絶縁体と前記第2の絶縁体とは、前記酸化物半導体の周縁領域で接し、
前記開口部は、円柱、または逆円錐の形状になるように加工される半導体装置の作製方法。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記酸化物半導体は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物である半導体装置の作製方法。
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2019
- 2019-10-18 WO PCT/IB2019/058888 patent/WO2020084415A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-18 US US17/285,782 patent/US12453187B2/en active Active
- 2019-10-18 JP JP2020552183A patent/JPWO2020084415A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-11-06 JP JP2024194226A patent/JP2025013521A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013123045A (ja) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-06-20 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
| JP2015015458A (ja) * | 2013-06-05 | 2015-01-22 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置およびその作製方法 |
| JP2015135953A (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-07-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| JP2015144267A (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-08-06 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2017508290A (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-03-23 | クアルコム,インコーポレイテッド | 導電性バリア層の選択的形成 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023237961A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、記憶装置、及び半導体装置の作製方法 |
| US12464706B2 (en) | 2022-06-21 | 2025-11-04 | Kioxia Corporation | Semiconductor memory device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12453187B2 (en) | 2025-10-21 |
| JP2025013521A (ja) | 2025-01-24 |
| US20210384326A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| JPWO2020084415A1 (ja) | 2021-10-28 |
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