WO2020062828A1 - 一种标记装置以及测试设备 - Google Patents

一种标记装置以及测试设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062828A1
WO2020062828A1 PCT/CN2019/081798 CN2019081798W WO2020062828A1 WO 2020062828 A1 WO2020062828 A1 WO 2020062828A1 CN 2019081798 W CN2019081798 W CN 2019081798W WO 2020062828 A1 WO2020062828 A1 WO 2020062828A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
marking
unit
outer cylinder
pen
marking device
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PCT/CN2019/081798
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李景涛
成斌
展超
梁斌
Original Assignee
南京协辰电子科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201811153398.7A external-priority patent/CN109121306B/zh
Application filed by 南京协辰电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 南京协辰电子科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020062828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062828A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of marking equipment, in particular to a marking device and a testing device.
  • PCB boards are usually inspected by automated PCB inspection equipment lines or inspection equipment.
  • unqualified PCB boards are marked by a stamping device.
  • the device is usually driven by a cylinder to move the marking device linearly to the surface of the PCB board.
  • the stamping operation is performed on the PCB. Because the piston rod has a fixed stroke during the movement of the cylinder, and the movement of the piston rod is not easily controlled.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the drive unit of the marking device in the prior art is apt to apply excessive force to the PCB board and cause damage to the board body, thereby providing a method capable of preventing the board body from being damaged by excessive force Marking devices and test equipment.
  • a marking device includes:
  • a marking unit which performs a marking operation, and has a marking stroke that moves linearly from an initial position to a marking position;
  • a driving unit an output end of which is connected to the marking unit, and the output end has a driving stroke that moves linearly, the driving stroke being greater than the marking stroke;
  • the concession protection unit keeps the marking unit at the marking position under the driving of the driving unit after the marking unit contacts the to-be-marked member and reaches the marking position.
  • the marking unit includes an outer cylinder and a marking member slidably disposed in the outer cylinder; the marking member reciprocates linearly between the initial position and the marking position; the movable end of the driving unit abuts A fixed end of the driving unit is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder on the marking member and driving its movement.
  • the marking member moves relative to the outer cylinder in a direction close to the to-be-marked member, and after the marking member reaches the marking position, the outer cylinder passes The concession protection unit moves relative to the marking member in a direction away from the to-be-marked member.
  • the concealment protection unit includes a slide rail and a fixing block, and a slide groove slidingly connected to the slide rail is provided in the fixed block, and the slide rail is fixedly disposed in the direction parallel to the axis of the marker.
  • the fixing block is fixed to an adjacent component, and the outer cylinder moves linearly relative to the fixed block through the slide rail.
  • the concealment protection unit further includes a stopper, one end of the stopper is slidly inserted into the fixing block and fixedly connected to the slide rail, and the other end of the stopper has a penetrating hole. Limit end of fixed block setting.
  • the concession protection unit further includes a biasing member, and the driving unit drives the outer cylinder to overcome the biasing force of the biasing member to move away from the member to be marked to achieve concession protection; after the marking is finished, The biasing member drives the outer cylinder to reset.
  • the biasing member is a light-loaded spring
  • the limiting member is a screw
  • a tail of the screw is fixedly connected to the slide rail
  • a head of the screw constitutes the limiting end
  • the spring is sleeved On the screw between the fixing block and the slide rail.
  • the marking member is a push-type oily pen, which includes a pen barrel, a pen core provided in the pen barrel, and a push-type pen cap provided at the end of the pen core to perform linear reciprocating motion, and the activity of the driving unit The end abuts against the push pen cap; the push pen cap has an unpressed position and a self-locking position that relatively fixes the pen core and the pen barrel.
  • an end of the driving unit is fixed with a limit slider that abuts the push pen cap, and an outer sleeve of the pen barrel is provided with a conversion sleeve, and the end of the conversion sleeve restricts the limit slide
  • the block continues to move in the direction close to the piece to be marked to ensure that the push pen cap performs a linear reciprocating motion between the unpressed position and the self-locking position.
  • the driving unit is an air cylinder
  • a cylinder body of the air cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder
  • an end of a piston rod of the air cylinder is fixedly connected to the limit slider.
  • a baffle is provided at an end of the outer cylinder, and the baffle is provided with a through hole that allows the pen barrel to pass through.
  • the marking unit further includes a return spring, which is provided between the baffle plate and the conversion sleeve for driving the mark member to return to the initial position.
  • the marking device further includes a position sensor that detects the marking member, the position sensor includes a sensing block fixed to the conversion sleeve, and a proximity sensor for detecting the initial position of the marking member.
  • the proximity sensor is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder.
  • a test device including:
  • the fixing block of the marking device is fixedly connected to the test head.
  • a marking device comprising: a marking unit, a driving unit, and a concession protection unit. After the marking unit contacts a to-be-marked member and reaches a marking position, the marking unit is driven by the driving unit. Keep it in the marked position.
  • the driving of the driving unit can prevent the marking unit from continuing to move toward the object to be marked, thereby preventing the marking unit from exerting excessive force and avoiding to be marked. Things are destroyed.
  • the marking unit includes an outer cylinder and a marking member slidably arranged in the outer cylinder; before the marking element reaches the marking position, the driving unit drives the marking element to move relative to the outer cylinder, and after the marking element reaches the marking position, the driving unit drives The unit drives the outer cylinder to move relative to the marker by retracting the protection unit.
  • the continuous driving process of the driving unit by changing the moving object, it is possible to switch the moving object after reaching the marking position, so that the outer cylinder moves the marker to be relatively stationary, thereby preventing the marker from exerting excessive force on the marker.
  • the concession protection unit includes a slide rail and a fixed block.
  • the slide rail is fixed on the outer cylinder along the moving direction of the marker.
  • the fixed block is fixed on the adjacent component.
  • the slide rail drives the outer cylinder to be relatively fixed. Block linear motion.
  • the outer cylinder is movably connected to the fixed block through a slide rail provided on the fixed block.
  • the concession protection unit further includes a biasing member and a limiting member.
  • the limiting member is slidably disposed in the channel and penetrates the channel.
  • One end of the limiting member passes through the channel and is fixedly connected to the slide rail.
  • the outer diameter of the other end of the channel is larger than the inner diameter of the channel.
  • One end of the stopper screw in this embodiment is fixed to the slide rail to achieve relative fixation of the slide rail and the fixed block, and the outer diameter of the other end is larger than the inner diameter of the channel.
  • the marking device further comprises a position sensor for detecting the marker, the position sensor includes a sensing block fixed on the marker, and a proximity sensor for detecting an initial position of the marker, and the proximity sensor is fixed Connected to the outer tube. By setting a position sensor, it can be detected whether the marker is restored to the initial position in time.
  • the testing device provided by the present invention includes all the advantages of the above-mentioned marking device because it includes the above-mentioned marking device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a marking device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the marking device shown in FIG. 1 in an initial position
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the marking device shown in FIG. 1 in a marking position
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a concession protection unit of a marking device according to the present invention.
  • 5-6 are structural diagrams of the oil-based pen of the present invention.
  • 1-marking device 2-marking unit; 21-outer cylinder; 22-marking element; 221-pen barrel; 222-refill; 223-press pen cap; 224-unpressed position; 225-self-locking position; 23-reset Spring; 24-baffle plate; 25-through hole; 3-drive unit; 31-cylinder; 32-piston rod; 33-cylinder block; 34-horn; 4-concession protection unit; 41-slide rail; 42-fixation Block; 43-limiting piece; 44-biasing force piece; 5-position sensor; 51-inductive block; 52-proximity sensor; 53- conversion sleeve.
  • the invention discloses a testing device, which comprises a test head (not shown in the figure) and a marking device, wherein the fixing block 42 of the marking device is fixedly connected to the test head.
  • the marking device 1 of this embodiment specifically refers to an anti-dry seal device, which mainly includes a marking unit 2, a driving unit 3, and a concession protection unit 4.
  • the marking unit 2 is used to perform a marking operation, and has a marking stroke that moves from the initial position to the marking position, that is, the moving distance of the marking unit after reaching the initial position to the marking position; the output end of the driving unit 3 and the marking unit The two phases abut and drive the marking unit 2 to perform a linear reciprocating motion.
  • the driving unit 3 in this embodiment is a cylinder 31, and the piston rod 32 of the cylinder 31 has a driving stroke that moves linearly, that is, the moving distance of the piston rod end; wherein the driving stroke is greater than the marking stroke, which means that the moving distance of the piston rod end is greater than the marking unit 2 The distance the marker end moves.
  • the concession protection unit 4 allows the marking unit 2 to remain at the marking position even under the continued driving of the cylinder 31 after the marking unit 2 contacts the to-be-marked part and reaches the marking position, and does not move further toward the object to be marked.
  • the object to be marked in this application is a PCB board, that is, a printed circuit board.
  • the driving of the driving unit can prevent the marking unit from continuing to move toward the object to be marked, thereby preventing the marking unit from exerting excessive force and avoiding being marked Things are destroyed.
  • the marking unit 2 includes an outer cylinder 21 and a marking member 22 slidably disposed in the outer cylinder;
  • the marking member 22 of this embodiment is a push-type oily pen, which includes A pen holder 221, a pen core 222 provided in the pen holder, an ink pouch connected to the pen core, and a push pen cap 223 provided at the end of the pen core 222.
  • the end of the piston rod of the cylinder 31 is fixed with a limit slider.
  • the limit slider in this embodiment is a horn 34, which abuts on the push pen cap 223; the push pen cap 223 has an unpressed position 224 and a self-locking position 225, wherein a pen core 222 and a pen barrel 221 are provided between There is a self-locking ratchet (not shown in the figure), and the pen core 222 can be self-locked at the self-locking position by the self-locking ratchet.
  • the pen core 222 extends out of the pen barrel 221 and is relatively positioned It is fixed, wherein the self-locking structure and principle are the same as those of the pressing ball-point pen in the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the pen barrel 221 in this embodiment is also fixedly provided with a conversion sleeve 53 to limit the movement stroke of the pen cap 223 Between the pressing position and the self-locking position, it is ensured that the refill 222 can be extended and retracted freely with the reciprocating movement of the cap 223.
  • the conversion sleeve 53 When the horn 34 is driven by the cylinder 31 to the left and moves to the position of the conversion sleeve 53, the conversion sleeve 53 is fixed. On the pen barrel 221, the end of the conversion sleeve 53 abuts and restricts the horn 34 from moving further toward the mark to be marked, so as to ensure that the pen cap 223 reciprocates between the unpressed position and the self-locking position. Because of the above-mentioned conversion sleeve that restricts the movement position of the pen cap, it is ensured that the pen core can be retracted into the pen barrel at any time, thereby avoiding the pen core being dried and unusable due to long-term exposure to the air.
  • a baffle 24 is provided at the end of the outer cylinder 21 in this embodiment, and a baffle 24 is provided on the baffle 24 to allow the pen barrel 221 to pass through.
  • the marking member 22 located in the outer cylinder 21 is linearly reciprocated between the initial position and the marking position.
  • the end of the piston rod 32 of the air cylinder 31 is connected to the end of the oil-based pen through a shim 34, and the cylinder body 33 of the air cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 21.
  • the driving unit drives the marking member 22 relative to the outer cylinder 21 to move closer to the to-be-marked member. This process is a marking process.
  • the driving unit drives the outer cylinder 21 to withdraw.
  • the protection unit 4 moves relative to the marking member in a direction away from the to-be-marked member. This process is a concession protection process, in which the marking member 22 is maintained at the marking position.
  • the moving object can be switched after reaching the marking position, so that the moving marker of the outer cylinder is relatively stationary, thereby preventing the marking element from treating the mark. Excessive force.
  • the evacuation protection unit 4 of this embodiment includes a slide rail 41 and a fixed block 42 slidably connected to the slide rail 41.
  • the fixed block 42 is provided with a slide groove slidingly connected to the slide rail 41.
  • 41 is fixed on the outer cylinder 21 along the movement direction of the oily pen, that is, the extending direction of the slide rail 41 is parallel to the axis of the oily pen.
  • the slide rail 41 drives the outer cylinder 21 to reciprocate linearly with respect to the fixed block 42.
  • the fixing block 42 is fixed on an adjacent component, and the adjacent component in this embodiment refers to a test head of a testing machine.
  • the fixing block 42 is provided with two waist-shaped holes, and a fixing bolt is provided in the waist-shaped hole to fix the fixing block 42 on the test head.
  • the outer cylinder 21 is movably connected to the fixed block 42 through a slide rail 41 provided on the fixed block 42, and at the same time, because the cylinder body of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 21, when the cylinder cannot drive the marker 22 to move further, Then, the outer cylinder 21 is driven to move in the opposite direction of the marking operation, and concession protection of the PCB board is achieved through the above-mentioned reverse movement.
  • the concession protection unit 4 further includes a limiting member 43.
  • the limiting member in this embodiment is a screw.
  • the tail end of the screw is slidly inserted into the fixing block 42 and fixedly connected to the slide rail 41.
  • the head of the screw is provided through the fixing block 42 and is configured to limit the end of the screw to continue to move closer to the piece to be marked. Limit the movement in the direction of the marking operation. That is, as shown in the figure, the screw can drive the slide rail to horizontally slide left and right. When the screw moves to the position shown in the figure, its head is limited to the opening of the fixing block 42 and cannot continue to move left.
  • one end of the stopper screw is fixed to the slide rail to achieve relative fixation of the slide rail and the fixed block, and the other end of the screw is restricted outside the fixed block to limit its movement, which can avoid, for example, the hitting
  • the outer cylinder slides off the fixed block due to its own gravity.
  • the concealment protection unit is also provided with a biasing member 44.
  • the cylinder block drives the outer cylinder 21 to overcome the biasing force of the biasing member 44 and move away from the to-be-marked component to achieve concession protection; that is, the outer cylinder 21
  • the slide rail 41 moves to the right in the figure with respect to the fixed block 42.
  • the biasing member 44 drives the outer cylinder 21 to reset.
  • the biasing member 44 is a lightly loaded spring. It should be noted here that the preload of the lightly loaded spring itself should be less than the reaction force of the PCB board to the marking unit. In other words, the preload of the lightly loaded spring itself should be less than the PCB board. Can withstand the ultimate pressure without damaging the board.
  • the limit pressure that the PCB board can withstand and the preload setting range of the light-load spring can be obtained through a limited number of tests. Based on this, the corresponding light-load spring is selected (the definition of the light-load spring refers to the basic technology of spring design in the mechanical field. Specifications); The light-load spring is sleeved outside the screw between the slide rail and the fixing block.
  • the marking device of this embodiment further includes a position sensor 5 that detects the marking member 22.
  • the position sensor 5 includes a sensing block 51 sleeved on the marking member 22, and a proximity sensor 52 for detecting an initial position of the marking member 22.
  • the inductor 52 is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 21.
  • the sensing block 51 is mounted on the marker 22 through a conversion sleeve 53, and the conversion sleeve 53 is sleeved and fixed on the marker 22.
  • the proximity sensor 52 and the cylinder in this embodiment are both electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit receives a confirmation signal from the proximity sensor 52 and drives the cylinder to operate.
  • the marking unit 2 of this embodiment further includes a return spring 23, which is provided between the baffle 24 and the conversion sleeve for driving the marking member to the right after pushing the conversion sleeve 54 without a driving force to return it to the initial position.
  • the oily pen is held in the initial position by the return spring.
  • the proximity sensor senses whether the sensing block is in the initial position. If so, the sensor sends a confirmation signal to the controller to confirm that the oily pen is in the initial position.
  • the controller sends a signal to control the start of the cylinder, the piston rod of the cylinder is extended outward, and the refill of the oil-based pen is pushed out of the barrel.
  • the piston rod continues to extend outward. This drive the oily pen as a whole to overcome the return spring 23 to move in the marking direction until the pen of the oily pen extends the baffle 24 to contact the surface of the PCB board to reach the marking position shown in FIG. 4, thereby performing the marking operation.
  • the outer cylinder The position is relatively fixed, the oily pen moves relative to the outer cylinder;
  • the oily pen is subject to the reaction force of the PCB board.
  • the spring in the protection unit is a lightly loaded spring.
  • the reaction force is greater than the elastic force of the light-loaded spring. Therefore, the reaction force of the PCB board received on the oil-based pen overcomes the elastic force of the light-loaded spring to drive the cylinder block connected to the oil-based pen to the concession direction (that is, the direction opposite to the marking direction).
  • the piston rod of the air cylinder retracts back.
  • the refill of the oily pen is retracted into the barrel.
  • the oily pen is retracted into the outer barrel to the initial position under the action of the return spring. Push the outer cylinder down to return to its original position.

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Abstract

一种标记装置以及测试设备，其中标记装置包括：标记单元，执行打标操作，其具有从初始位置向标记位置运动的打标行程；驱动单元，输出端与所述标记单元连接，所述输出端具有直线移动的驱动行程，所述驱动行程大于所述打标行程；还包括退让保护单元，所述退让保护单元在所述标记单元接触到待标记件到达所述标记位置后，使所述标记单元在驱动单元的驱动下保持在所述标记位置。

Description

一种标记装置以及测试设备 技术领域
本发明涉及打标设备技术领域，具体涉及一种标记装置以及测试设备。
背景技术
在PCB板(印制电路板)批量生产的过程中，通常由自动化PCB检测设备线或检测设备对PCB板进行检测。现有技术中，通过盖章设备对不合格的PCB板进行标记，但由于PCB板属于薄板，且其上设有精密元器件，其可承受的压力较小，而现有技术中的盖章设备通常由气缸驱动标记装置直线运动至PCB板表面对其实施盖章操作，由于气缸运动过程中其活塞杆的运动行程固定，且活塞杆的运动过程不易受控制，若要控制活塞杆精确运动定位到某一具体位置，需设置较多复杂的机械结构和电气控制系统，成本较高；若在盖章设备接触到PCB板表面后气缸继续驱动盖章设备运动，此时易对PCB板造成破坏使其破损或受力发生形变。因此，如何实现标记过程中对PCB板的保护，避免其受力过大而造成损坏成为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的标记装置的驱动单元易对PCB板施力过度造成板体损坏的缺陷，从而提供一种能够避免 板体因受力过度而造成损坏的标记装置以及测试设备。
为此，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种标记装置，其包括：
标记单元，执行打标操作，其具有从初始位置向标记位置直线运动的打标行程；
驱动单元，输出端与所述标记单元连接，所述输出端具有直线移动的驱动行程，所述驱动行程大于所述打标行程；
以及退让保护单元，所述退让保护单元在所述标记单元接触到待标记件到达所述标记位置后，使所述标记单元在驱动单元的驱动下保持在所述标记位置。
进一步地，所述标记单元包括外筒和滑动设于所述外筒内的标记件；所述标记件在所述初始位置和标记位置之间直线往复运动；所述驱动单元的活动端抵接于所述标记件并驱动其运动，所述驱动单元的固定端固定连接于所述外筒。
进一步地，所述标记件到达所述标记位置前，所述标记件相对所述外筒向靠近所述待标记件的方向运动，所述标记件到达所述标记位置后，所述外筒通过所述退让保护单元相对于所述标记件向远离所述待标记件的方向运动。
进一步地，所述退让保护单元包括滑轨和固定块，所述固定块内设有与所述滑轨滑动连接的滑槽，所述滑轨沿平行于所述标记件轴线方向固定设于所述外筒上，所述固定块固定于相邻部件上，所述外筒通过所述滑轨相对于所述固定块直线运动。
进一步地，所述退让保护单元还包括限位件，所述限位件的一端滑动插入所述固定块后与所述滑轨固定连接，所述限位件的另一端部具有穿出所述固定块设置的限位端。
进一步地，所述退让保护单元还包括偏压力件，所述驱动单元带动所述外筒克服所述偏压力件的偏压力向远离所述待标记件的方向运动以实现退让保护；标记结束后所述偏压力件驱动所述外筒复位。
进一步地，所述偏压力件为轻载弹簧；所述限位件为螺钉，所述螺钉的尾部固定连接于所述滑轨，螺钉的头部构成所述限位端，所述弹簧套设于所述固定块和所述滑轨之间的所述螺钉上。
进一步地，所述标记件为按动式油性笔，其包括笔筒、设于笔筒内的笔芯以及设于所述笔芯端部的执行直线往复运动的按动笔帽，所述驱动单元的活动端抵接于所述按动笔帽；所述按动笔帽具有未按压位置和将所述笔芯与所述笔筒相对固定的自锁位置。
进一步地，所述驱动单元的端部固定有与所述按动笔帽相抵接的限位滑块，所述笔筒外固定套设有转换套，所述转换套的端部限制所述限位滑块继续向靠近所述待标记件方向运动，以确保所述按动笔帽在所述未按压位置与所述自锁位置之间做直线往复运动。
进一步地，所述驱动单元为气缸，所述气缸的缸体固定连接于所述外筒，所述气缸的活塞杆端部固定连接所述限位滑块。
进一步地，所述外筒端部设有挡板，所述挡板上设有允许所述笔筒穿过的通孔。
进一步地，所述标记单元还包括复位弹簧，所述复位弹簧设于所述挡 板和所述转换套之间用于驱动所述标记件复位至所述初始位置。
进一步地，所述标记装置还包括检测所述标记件的位置传感器，所述位置传感器包括固定于所述转换套的感应块，以及用于检测所述标记件的所述初始位置的接近感应器，所述接近感应器固定连接于所述外筒上。
一种测试设备，其包括：
测试头；
以及如上述任意一项所述的标记装置，所述标记装置的固定块固定连接至所述测试头。
本发明的技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本发明提供的标记装置一种标记装置，其包括：标记单元、驱动单元以及退让保护单元，退让保护单元在标记单元接触到待标记件到达标记位置后，使标记单元在驱动单元的驱动下保持在标记位置。通过设置有退让保护单元，当标记单元接触到待标记物到达标记位置后，在驱动单元的继续驱动下可避免标记单元继续向待标记物移动，由此防止标记单元过度施力，避免待标记物被破坏。
2.本发明提供的标记装置，标记单元包括外筒和滑动设于外筒内的标记件；标记件到达标记位置前，驱动单元驱动标记件相对外筒运动，标记件到达标记位置后，驱动单元驱动外筒通过退让保护单元相对于标记件运动。在驱动单元的持续驱动过程中，通过改变移动的对象可实现在到达标记位置后，切换移动对象，使得外筒移动标记件相对静止，由此防止标记件对待标记物的过度施力。
3.本发明提供的标记装置，退让保护单元包括滑轨和固定块，滑轨沿 标记件运动方向固定设于外筒上，固定块固定设置于相邻部件上，滑轨带动外筒相对固定块直线运动。其中外筒通过设于固定块上的滑轨活动连接于固定块上，同时由于驱动单元与外筒固定连接，因此当驱动单元无法驱动标记件进一步运动时，则带动外筒向标记操作的反方向运动，通过上述反向运动实现了对待标记物的退让保护。
4.本发明提供的标记装置，退让保护单元还包括偏压力件和限位件，限位件滑动设置于通道内且其贯穿通道，其一端部穿过通道后与滑轨固定连接，穿过通道的另一端部的外径大于通道的内径。本实施例中的限位件螺钉其一端固定于滑轨即实现了滑轨与固定块的相对固定，同时其另一端的外径大于通道内径，对其端部进行限位，可避免例如在竖直方向使用该打标装置的情况下，外筒因自身重力从固定块上滑落。
6.本发明提供的标记装置，标记装置还包括检测标记件的位置传感器，位置传感器包括固定于标记件上的感应块，以及用于检测标记件的初始位置的接近感应器，接近感应器固定连接于外筒。通过设置位置传感器可检测标记件是否有及时恢复至初始位置。
7.本发明提供的测试设备，由于包括上述标记装置，因此包括上述标记装置所具有的一切优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普 通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的标记装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的标记装置处于初始位置的剖视图；
图3为图1所示的标记装置处于标记位置的剖视图；
图4为本发明的标记装置的退让保护单元的放大示意图；
图5-6为本发明的油性笔的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-标记装置；2-标记单元；21-外筒；22-标记件；221-笔筒；222-笔芯；223-按动笔帽；224-未按压位置；225-自锁位置；23-复位弹簧；24-挡板；25-通孔；3-驱动单元；31-气缸；32-活塞杆；33-缸体；34-垫铁；4-退让保护单元；41-滑轨；42-固定块；43-限位件；44-偏压力件；5-位置传感器；51-感应块；52-接近感应器；53-转换套。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是 指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例
本发明公开了一种测试设备，其包括测试头(未在图中示出)以及标记装置，其中标记装置的固定块42与测试头固定连接。
如图1所示，本实施例的标记装置1，具体指一种防干盖章装置，其主要包括标记单元2、驱动单元3和退让保护单元4。其中标记单元2用于执行打标操作，其具有从初始位置向标记位置运动的打标行程，即标记单元从初始位置伸出后到达标记位置的移动距离；驱动单元3的输出端与标记单元2相抵接并驱动标记单元2进行直线往复运动。本实施例种的驱动单元3为气缸31，气缸31的活塞杆32具有直线移动的驱动行程，即活塞杆端的移动距离；其中驱动行程大于打标行程，指活塞杆端的移动距离大于标记单元2的标记端移动的距离。退让保护单元4在标记单元2接触到待 标记件并到达标记位置后，使得标记单元2即使在气缸31的继续驱动下仍然保持在标记位置，不会向待标记物进一步移动。本申请中的待标记物为PCB板即印制电路板。
通过设置有退让保护单元，当标记单元接触到待标记物到达标记位置后，在驱动单元的继续驱动下可避免标记单元继续向待标记物移动，由此防止标记单元过度施力，避免待标记物被破坏。
如图1-3所示，标记单元2包括外筒21和滑动设于外筒内的标记件22；参见附图5-6，本实施例的标记件22为按动式油性笔，其包括笔筒221、设于笔筒内的笔芯222、与笔芯连接的油墨囊以及设于笔芯222端部的按动笔帽223，本实施例中气缸31的活塞杆端部固定有限位滑块，本实施例中的限位滑块为垫铁34，垫铁34抵接于按动笔帽223；按动笔帽223具有未按压位置224以及自锁位置225，其中笔芯222与笔筒221之间设有自锁棘轮(未在图中示出)，笔芯222通过自锁棘轮可自锁于自锁位置处，当按动笔帽223位于自锁位置时，笔芯222伸出笔筒221并相对位置固定，其中自锁结构和原理与现有技术中的按压式圆珠笔相同，在此不做赘述。
当按动笔帽223运动到达或超过自锁位置后，笔芯222会被自锁于笔筒内不能自由回缩(其自锁原理与现有技术中按压式圆珠笔自锁原理相同，在此不做赘述)，为避免油性笔长期暴露于空气中导致笔头干燥无法标记，为此，本实施例中的笔筒221外还固定套设有转换套53，以将按动笔帽223的运动行程限定于未按压位置和自锁位置之间，确保笔芯222随笔帽223的往复运动可自由伸出和回缩，其中垫铁34由气缸31驱动向左运动到转换套53位置时，由于转换套53固定于笔筒221上，转换套53的端部抵接 并限制垫铁34继续向靠近待标记件方向运动，以确保笔帽223在未按压位置与自锁位置之间往复运动。正由于设置有上述限制笔帽运动位置的转换套，确保笔芯可随时回缩至笔筒内，从而避免了笔芯过久暴露于空气中导致干燥不可使用。
如图1所示，本实施例的外筒21端部设有挡板24，挡板24上设有允许笔筒221穿过的通孔25。位于外筒21内的标记件22在初始位置和标记位置之间直线往复运动。
气缸31的活塞杆32端部通过垫铁34连接于油性笔的端部，气缸31的缸体33与外筒21固定连接。标记件22在到达标记位置前，驱动单元驱动标记件22相对外筒21向靠近待标记件方向运动，该过程为打标过程；标记件22到达标记位置后，驱动单元驱动外筒21通过退让保护单元4相对于标记件向远离待标记件方向运动，该过程即为退让保护过程，在此退让保护过程中标记件22保持在标记位置。
本发明的退让保护单元，在驱动单元的持续驱动过程中，通过改变移动的对象可实现在到达标记位置后，切换移动对象，使得外筒移动标记件相对静止，由此防止标记件对待标记物的过度施力。
如图1和4所示，本实施例的退让保护单元4包括滑轨41和与滑轨41滑动连接的固定块42，固定块42内设有与滑轨41滑动连接的滑槽，滑轨41沿油性笔运动方向固定设于外筒21上，即滑轨41延伸方向平行于油性笔的轴线，滑轨41带动外筒21相对固定块42直线往复运动。固定块42固定设置于相邻部件上，本实施例中的相邻部件指测试机的测试头。如图1所示，固定块42上设有两个腰型孔，腰型孔内设有固定螺栓将固定块42 固定设置于测试头上。
其中正由于外筒21通过设于固定块42上的滑轨41活动连接于固定块42上，同时由于气缸的缸体与外筒21固定连接，因此当气缸无法驱动标记件22进一步运动时，则带动外筒21向打标操作的反方向运动，通过上述反向运动实现了对PCB板的退让保护。
参见附图3-4，退让保护单元4还包括限位件43，本实施例中的限位件为螺钉。螺钉的尾端滑动插入固定块42后与滑轨41固定连接，其中螺钉的头部穿过固定块42设置，其构成为限位端限制螺钉继续向靠近待标记件方向运动，由此对螺钉向打标操作方向的运动进行限位。即如图中所示，螺钉可带动滑轨水平左右滑动，当螺钉运动到图示位置时，其头部被限位至固定块42的开口处，不能够继续左移。
本实施例中的限位件螺钉其一端固定于滑轨即实现了滑轨与固定块的相对固定，同时螺钉另一端被限制于固定块外，对其运动进行限位，可避免例如该打标装置在竖直方向安装使用时，外筒因自身重力从固定块上滑落。
退让保护单元内还设有偏压力件44，执行退让保护运动时，气缸缸体带动外筒21克服偏压力件44的偏压力向远离待标记件的方向运动以实现退让保护；即外筒21通过滑轨41相对于固定块42向图中右侧移动。标记结束后偏压力件44驱动外筒21复位。其中偏压力件44为轻载弹簧，在此需要说明的是轻载弹簧自身的预压力应当选择小于PCB板对标记单元的反作用力，换言之，轻载弹簧自身的预压力应当选择小于PCB板上可承受的不破坏板体的极限压力。其中PCB板上可承受的极限压力以及轻载弹簧 的预压力设置范围可通过有限次试验获取，并以此为依据选择相应的轻载弹簧(轻载弹簧的定义参照机械领域弹簧设计的基本技术规格)；轻载弹簧套设于滑轨与固定块之间的螺钉外。
本实施例的标记装置还包括检测标记件22的位置传感器5，位置传感器5包括套设于标记件22上的感应块51，以及用于检测标记件22的初始位置的接近感应器52，接近感应器52固定连接于外筒21上。其中感应块51通过转换套53安装于标记件22上，转换套53套设固定于标记件22上。其中本实施例中的接近感应器52和气缸均电连接于控制单元，控制单元接受接近感应器52发出的确认信号并驱动气缸动作。
本实施例的标记单元2还包括复位弹簧23，复位弹簧23设于挡板24和转换套之间用于驱动标记件不受驱动力后向右侧推动转换套54使其复位至初始位置。
本实施例的标记装置的工作过程如下：
准备过程：
如图2所示，油性笔在复位弹簧的作用下保持在初始位置，由接近感应器感应感应块是否位于初始位置，若是，感应器发出确认信号至控制器确认油性笔处于初始位置；
标记过程：
控制器发出信号控制气缸启动，气缸的活塞杆向外顶伸，驱动油性笔的笔芯伸出笔筒，当垫铁34运动至抵接于转换套53时，活塞杆继续向外顶伸，由此驱动油性笔整体克服复位弹簧23向标记方向运动直至油性笔的笔伸出挡板24接触到PCB板表面到达图4所示的标记位置，由此执行了标 记操作，此过程中，外筒的位置相对固定，油性笔相对于外筒移动；
退让保护过程：
此后，由于气缸的活塞杆继续向外顶伸，由于油性笔端部已达到标记位置不继续移动，此时油性笔受到PCB板的反作用力，退让保护单元内的弹簧为轻载弹簧，PCB板的反作用力大于轻载弹簧的弹力，因此油性笔上受到的PCB板的反作用力克服轻载弹簧的弹力驱动与油性笔连接的气缸缸体向退让方向(即标记方向的反方向)移动，缸体带动与其固定连接的外筒在固定块上滑动移动以实现退让保护，此过程中，油性笔的位置相对固定，外筒和缸体相对于油性笔运动；
复位过程：
气缸的活塞杆往回收缩，首先油性笔的笔芯回缩至笔筒内，此后油性笔在复位弹簧的作用下缩回外筒内至初始位置，且同时滑轨在轻载弹簧的预压力作用下推动外筒移动恢复至原位。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种标记装置，其特征在于包括：
    标记单元，执行打标操作，其具有从初始位置向标记位置直线运动的打标行程；
    驱动单元，输出端与所述标记单元连接，所述输出端具有直线移动的驱动行程，所述驱动行程大于所述打标行程；
    以及退让保护单元，所述退让保护单元在所述标记单元接触到待标记件到达所述标记位置后，使所述标记单元在驱动单元的驱动下保持在所述标记位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述标记单元包括外筒和滑动设于所述外筒内的标记件；所述标记件在所述初始位置和标记位置之间直线往复运动；所述驱动单元的活动端抵接于所述标记件并驱动其运动，所述驱动单元的固定端固定连接于所述外筒。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述标记件到达所述标记位置前，所述标记件相对所述外筒向靠近所述待标记件的方向运动，所述标记件到达所述标记位置后，所述外筒通过所述退让保护单元相对于所述标记件向远离所述待标记件的方向运动。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述退让保护单元包括滑轨和固定块，所述固定块内设有与所述滑轨滑动连接的滑槽，所述滑轨沿平行于所述标记件轴线方向固定设于所述外筒上，所述固定块固定于相邻部件上，所述外筒通过所述滑轨相对于所述固定块直线运动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述退让保护单元还包括限位件，所述限位件的一端滑动插入所述固定块后与所述滑轨固定连接，所述限位件的另一端部具有穿出所述固定块设置的限位端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述退让保护单元还包括偏压力件，所述驱动单元带动所述外筒克服所述偏压力件的偏压力向远离所述待标记件的方向运动以实现退让保护；标记结束后所述偏压力件驱动所述外筒复位。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述偏压力件为轻载弹簧；所述限位件为螺钉，所述螺钉的尾部固定连接于所述滑轨，螺钉的头部构成所述限位端，所述弹簧套设于所述固定块和所述滑轨之间的所述螺钉上。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任意一项所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述标记件为按动式油性笔，其包括笔筒、设于笔筒内的笔芯以及设于所述笔芯端部的执行直线往复运动的按动笔帽，所述驱动单元的活动端抵接于所述按动笔帽；所述按动笔帽具有未按压位置和将所述笔芯与所述笔筒相对固定的自锁位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述驱动单元的端部固定有与所述按动笔帽相抵接的限位滑块，所述笔筒外固定套设有转换套，所述转换套的端部限制所述限位滑块继续向靠近所述待标记件方向运动，以确保所述按动笔帽在所述未按压位置与所述自锁位置之间做直线往复运动。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述驱动单元 为气缸，所述气缸的缸体固定连接于所述外筒，所述气缸的活塞杆端部固定连接所述限位滑块。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述外筒端部设有挡板，所述挡板上设有允许所述笔筒穿过的通孔。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述标记单元还包括复位弹簧，所述复位弹簧设于所述挡板和所述转换套之间用于驱动所述标记件复位至所述初始位置。
  13. 根据权利要求2-10任意一项所述的标记装置，其特征在于：所述标记装置还包括检测所述标记件的位置传感器，所述位置传感器包括固定于所述转换套的感应块，以及用于检测所述标记件的所述初始位置的接近感应器，所述接近感应器固定连接于所述外筒上。
  14. 一种测试设备，其特征在于包括：
    测试头；
    以及如上述权利要求1-13任意一项所述的标记装置，所述标记装置的固定块固定连接至所述测试头。
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