WO2020061865A1 - 天线和终端 - Google Patents

天线和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020061865A1
WO2020061865A1 PCT/CN2018/107779 CN2018107779W WO2020061865A1 WO 2020061865 A1 WO2020061865 A1 WO 2020061865A1 CN 2018107779 W CN2018107779 W CN 2018107779W WO 2020061865 A1 WO2020061865 A1 WO 2020061865A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oscillator
antenna
adjustable
reactance
reactive
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/107779
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗昕
陈一
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202210546728.9A priority Critical patent/CN115241645A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/107779 priority patent/WO2020061865A1/zh
Priority to CN201880095819.7A priority patent/CN112470339B/zh
Priority to EP18935303.0A priority patent/EP3840121A4/en
Publication of WO2020061865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020061865A1/zh
Priority to US17/209,613 priority patent/US11658412B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
    • H01Q19/24—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. H-antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
    • H01Q19/26—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an antenna and a terminal.
  • WI-FI indoor wireless fidelity
  • a smart antenna can focus the radiant energy to the user's direction according to the user's location, and does not cover the same direction in all directions as the omnidirectional antenna.
  • the smart antenna includes: a vibrator connected to the antenna feed line (generally, the vibrator connected to the antenna feed line is called an active vibrator, and the active vibrator is shown in FIG. 1a).
  • An electronic switch is provided between each passive oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the control circuit can control the passive by controlling the opening and closing state of the electronic switch. On-off state of the vibrator and the ground plate.
  • the smart antenna includes: a vibrator connected to the antenna feed line (the same as the active vibrator in Figure 1b), a passive induction unit arranged around the active vibrator, and a control circuit (not shown in Figure 1b). (Shown) and at least one electronic switch, wherein the passive induction unit includes at least one oscillator (same as above, two passive oscillators are illustrated in FIG. 1b), and each passive oscillator is provided with an upper arm and a lower arm.
  • An electronic switch, the control circuit can control the change of the resonance length of the passive induction unit by controlling the opening and closing state of the electronic switch.
  • the passive induction unit by controlling the connection or disconnection of the passive induction unit and the ground plate, or by adjusting the change of the resonance length of the passive induction unit, it is possible to control whether the passive induction unit generates an induced current and realize the directional radiation of the smart antenna. . Specifically, when the passive induction unit does not generate an induced current, the radiation pattern of the smart antenna is an omnidirectional mode. When the passive induction unit generates an induced current, the passive induction unit plays a role of reflection or directing, so that the radiation pattern of the smart antenna becomes a directional mode.
  • the WI-FI standard 802.11ac supports 4 * 4 MIMO, 4 antennas need to be placed on the terminal, and the WI-FI standard 802.11ax supports 8 * 8 multiple inputs Multiple-input systems (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO), and furthermore, 8 antennas need to be placed on the terminal, which also easily leads to the size of the smart antenna on the terminal becoming larger.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the present application provides an antenna and a terminal, which are used to implement an arbitrary radiation direction specified by a user, and meet the requirements of small size and low profile, so that the terminal can place more antennas in a limited space, making the terminal's Receiving performance meets actual needs.
  • the present application provides an antenna, including: a first oscillator, a second oscillator, and a tunable reactive element;
  • the first oscillator receives an excitation current through an electrical connection with the antenna feed line; the second oscillator generates an induced current through the electromagnetic induction of the first oscillator;
  • the adjustable reactance element is disposed at the end of the first oscillator near the reference plane, and / or the adjustable reactance element is disposed at the end of the second oscillator near the reference plane;
  • the reference plane uses the connection point between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder as the origin and Perpendicular to the axial direction of the first oscillator;
  • the adjustable reactance element has an adjustable reactance value, which is used to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, and the phase difference is related to the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the antenna provided by the first aspect can change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to the direction required by the user, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first oscillator and the induced current generated by the second oscillator, to achieve The target angle radiated by the antenna points in the direction desired by the user.
  • the antenna including only two vibrators and the tunable reactance element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes the arbitrary direction specified by the user by the beam radiation of the antenna.
  • the correlation between the phase difference and the target angle is determined according to Formula One;
  • Is a direction function of the array formed by the first oscillator and the second oscillator Is a unit factor function
  • Is the matrix factor function Is the matrix factor function
  • k 2 ⁇ / ⁇ is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave
  • d is the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator
  • Is the target angle Is the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.
  • the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element has a correlation with the phase difference, and the relationship between the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the phase difference is represented by a complex matrix S, and the complex matrix S is determined by Equation 2. :
  • jX j (X L -X C ) is the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • I the capacitive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • L is the inductance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • C is the capacitance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • w is the angular frequency
  • R 0 is the characteristic impedance.
  • the phase difference is also related to the length of the antenna and the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator.
  • the antenna provided by the first aspect can simultaneously change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator according to the direction required by the user, thereby adjusting the excitation current received by the first oscillator and the first oscillator.
  • the phase difference between the induced currents generated by the two oscillators enables the target angle of the antenna radiation to point in the direction required by the user.
  • the antenna including only two vibrators and the tunable reactance element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes the arbitrary direction specified by the user by the beam radiation of the antenna.
  • the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator is d, where 0.15 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ , and ⁇ is a free-space wavelength.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both monopole antennas
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the first oscillator is a dipole antenna
  • the second oscillator is a monopole antenna
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the phase difference is also related to the distance between the antenna and the ground plate and the size of the ground plate.
  • the antenna provided by the first aspect can simultaneously change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the distance between the antenna and the ground plate according to the direction required by the user, or change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the ground plate at the same time. Size, or change the reactance of the adjustable reactance element, the distance between the antenna and the ground plate, and the size of the ground plate at the same time to adjust the phase between the excitation current received by the first oscillator and the induced current generated by the second oscillator Poor, the target angle to achieve antenna radiation points in the direction required by the user.
  • the antenna including only two vibrators and the tunable reactance element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes the arbitrary direction specified by the user by the beam radiation of the antenna.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both dipole antennas
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • the first oscillator is a monopole antenna
  • the second oscillator is a dipole antenna
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • the antenna further includes: a control module and an electronic switch;
  • the electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module is respectively connected with the adjusting end of the adjustable reactance element and the control end of the electronic switch;
  • the control module is used to change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the on / off state of the electronic switch.
  • the antenna provided by the first aspect connects the electronic switch and the second oscillator in series, and the control module turns on the electronic switch, so that the second oscillator cannot generate induced current, thereby achieving omnidirectional radiation of the antenna, and then the electronic switch is closed by the control module and Adjust the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to actual needs, so as to achieve the target angle of the radiation. Furthermore, the setting of the control module and the electronic switch can flexibly realize the omnidirectional radiation and alignment radiation of the antenna to meet the actual needs.
  • the adjustable reactive element includes a capacitor and / or an inductor.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal including an antenna fixing component and at least one antenna according to the first aspect, and the antenna is disposed on the antenna fixing component.
  • the adjustable reactance element at the end of the first oscillator near the reference surface, or by placing the adjustable reactance element at the end of the second oscillator near the reference surface, or by setting the reactance to The tuning element is set at the end of the first oscillator near the reference surface and the end of the second oscillator near the reference surface. Furthermore, according to the direction required by the user, the reactance of the reactive adjustable element can be changed, so that the first oscillator can adjust the The phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current generated by the second oscillator achieves that the target angle of the antenna radiation is directed in the direction required by the user.
  • an antenna including only two vibrators and a tunable reactance element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, which realizes that the beam direction of the antenna radiation is an arbitrary orientation specified by the user, and the terminal can be placed in a limited space. With multiple antennas, its own transmission performance meets actual needs.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3a1 is a schematic diagram of a beam direction of an antenna radiation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3b1 is a schematic diagram of a beam direction of an antenna radiation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3a2 is a schematic diagram of a beam direction of an antenna radiation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3b2 is a schematic diagram of a beam direction of an antenna radiation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3c2 is a schematic diagram of a beam direction of an antenna radiation provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 4b is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 4c is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 4d is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and a terminal. While realizing an arbitrary radiation direction specified by a user, the antenna can meet the requirements of small size and low profile of the antenna, and has the characteristics of low cost and space saving, and can be applied. For full-duplex communication systems, it can also be used as a MIMO antenna and in any other possible application scenarios.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and a terminal.
  • the reactive element is set at an end of the active vibrator close to the reference surface, or the reactive element is set at a passive source.
  • the end of the vibrator close to the reference surface, or the adjustable reactive element is placed at the end of the active vibrator close to the reference plane and the end of the passive vibrator close to the reference plane.
  • the antenna not only has the characteristics of small size and low profile, but also realizes that the beam direction of the antenna radiation is an arbitrary orientation specified by the user, and more antennas can be placed in the limited space of the terminal, so that the transmission performance of the terminal meets actual needs.
  • the terminal includes, but is not limited to, a router, an optical network terminal (ONT), and a wireless access point (AP).
  • the first oscillator is an active oscillator and the second oscillator is a passive oscillator as an example.
  • the technical solution of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the antenna includes: a first oscillator, a second oscillator, and an adjustable reactance element.
  • the first oscillator receives an excitation current through an electrical connection with the antenna feed line; the second oscillator generates an induced current through the electromagnetic induction of the first oscillator.
  • the adjustable reactance element is disposed at the end of the first oscillator near the reference plane, and / or the adjustable reactance element is disposed at the end of the second oscillator near the reference plane; the reference plane uses the connection point between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder as the origin and It is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first oscillator.
  • the adjustable reactance element has an adjustable reactance value, which is used to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, and the phase difference is related to the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the reference plane is a virtual plane and can be of any shape, size, and position. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this. It only needs to ensure that the origin of the reference plane is the connection between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder. Just point and keep it perpendicular to the axial direction of the first oscillator.
  • the relative positions of the first oscillator and the second oscillator are not limited, as long as the first oscillator and the second oscillator are parallel to each other.
  • the antenna feeder in FIG. 2 is connected to the lower end of the first oscillator, the reference plane is a horizontal plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first oscillator and below the first oscillator, and the origin of the reference plane is the antenna feeder and the first oscillator And the first oscillator and the second oscillator are disposed flush with each other as an example, and the specific implementation form of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is illustrated.
  • the first vibrator can receive the excitation current on the antenna feed line through the electrical connection with the antenna feed line.
  • the excitation current changes, the magnetic field around the first oscillator will change, so that the second oscillator can generate an induced current under the electromagnetic induction of the first oscillator.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator may form an antenna array, that is, a binary array, and the first oscillator and the second oscillator are array elements in the binary array.
  • the correlation between the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current and the target angle can be determined through Formula One.
  • Is the pattern function of the binary array Is a unit factor function
  • Is the matrix factor function Is the matrix factor function
  • k 2 ⁇ / ⁇ is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave
  • d is the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator
  • Is the target angle Is the target angle
  • ⁇ is the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.
  • Pattern function of binary array in Equation 1 Includes two parts, one is the pattern function of the antenna itself, which is the unit factor function The other part is the matrix factor function Generally, the antenna pattern has an E-plane and an H-plane. In general, the E-plane refers to a pattern cut plane parallel to the electric field direction, and the H-plane refers to a pattern cut plane parallel to the magnetic field direction. Since the H-planes of monopole and dipole antennas are omnidirectional, the array factor function Is approximately 1, so the pattern function of the binary array Matrix factor function Decide, that
  • the beam direction of the antenna radiation is illustrated by adjusting the value range of the phase difference ⁇ .
  • the matrix factor function becomes Specifically, if Then the electromagnetic waves radiated from the two array elements to the far field are added in phase, with the highest intensity. If Then the electromagnetic waves radiated from the two array elements to the far field are subtracted in the opposite phase, and the intensity is the smallest. Therefore, the beam radiated by the antenna is directed along the axis Direction, as shown in Figure 3a1.
  • the matrix factor function becomes Specifically, if Then the electromagnetic waves radiated from the two array elements to the far field are subtracted in the opposite phase, and the intensity is the smallest. If Then the electromagnetic waves radiated from the two array elements to the far field are added in phase, with the highest intensity. Therefore, the beam radiated by the antenna is directed along the axis Direction, as shown in Figure 3b1.
  • the beam direction of the antenna radiation is illustrated by adjusting the value range of the phase difference ⁇ .
  • the pattern function of the binary array It can be shown that the beam radiated by the antenna is pointing, and the pattern function of the binary array is changed when the phase difference ⁇ changes. It will also change accordingly. Therefore, the phase difference ⁇ changes and the beam direction of the antenna radiation changes.
  • the amplitude and phase of the current can be determined by the complex matrix S in formula 2.
  • jX j (X L -X C ) is the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • I the capacitive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • L is the inductance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • C is the capacitance value of the adjustable reactance element
  • w is the angular frequency
  • R 0 is the characteristic impedance.
  • an adjustable reactance element may be provided at an end of the first oscillator near the reference surface and / or at an end of the second oscillator near the reference surface by welding or wire connection. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection mode.
  • the adjustable reactance element can be set at the end of the first oscillator near the reference surface.
  • the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element changes, the phase of the excitation current changes accordingly, so that the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted. Phase difference between.
  • the adjustable reactance element can also be set at the end of the second oscillator near the reference surface. Then the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element changes and the phase of the induced current changes accordingly, so that the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted. Phase difference between.
  • the adjustable reactance element can also be set at the end of the first oscillator close to the reference surface and the end of the second oscillator close to the reference surface at the same time.
  • the phase will change accordingly, so the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted.
  • the complex matrix S in Formula 2 it can be determined that the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the phase difference have an associated relationship. And according to Formula One, it can be determined that the phase difference is related to the target angle of the antenna radiation. Therefore, by changing the reactance value of the tunable reactance element, the beam direction of the antenna radiation can be changed. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, the reactance value of the reactance tunable element can be adjusted according to the direction required by the user, so that the target angle of the antenna radiation faces the direction required by the user. Therefore, for including only two oscillators and reactance The antenna of the tunable element not only has a small size and a low profile, but also realizes that the beam radiation of the antenna can meet the arbitrary orientation specified by the user.
  • the reactive element is set at the end of the first oscillator near the reference plane, or the reactive element is set at the end of the second oscillator near the reference plane, or the reactive element is set At the same time, it is set at the end of the first oscillator near the reference surface and the end of the second oscillator near the reference surface.
  • the reactance of the adjustable reactance element can be changed, so that the excitation current received by the first oscillator can be adjusted
  • the phase difference from the induced current generated by the second oscillator achieves that the target angle radiated by the antenna points in the direction required by the user.
  • an antenna including only two vibrators and a tunable reactance element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, which realizes that the beam direction of the antenna radiation is an arbitrary orientation specified by the user, and the terminal can be placed in a limited space. With multiple antennas, its own transmission performance meets actual needs.
  • the phase of the induced current and the phase of the excitation current on the first oscillator have a natural phase difference ⁇ 1.
  • the phase difference ⁇ 1 is related to the distance d between the first oscillator and the second oscillator.
  • the phase difference is related to the length of the antenna and the distance d between the first and second oscillators.
  • the phase difference ⁇ between the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the reactive adjustable element and the distance d between the first oscillator and the second oscillator simultaneously.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ 1 is a phase difference caused by a change in the distance d
  • ⁇ 2 is a phase difference caused by a change in a reactance value of a reactive adjustable element. Therefore, when the phase difference ⁇ changes, the target angle radiated by the antenna may be a direction required by the user, so that the beam radiated by the antenna is directed at an arbitrary orientation specified by the user.
  • the distance d between the first oscillator and the second oscillator can be set. In general, 0.15 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ , ⁇ is the free-space wavelength.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator in the antenna there may be multiple types of the first oscillator and the second oscillator in the antenna, such as a monopole antenna and a dipole antenna.
  • a monopole antenna is a vertical antenna with a quarter wavelength, and the antenna is mounted on a ground plate.
  • the grounding plate may be a metal plate or a copper sheet on a PCB board, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the monopole antenna is fed via an antenna feeder (ie, a coaxial cable). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1a, the active oscillator is connected to the antenna feeder, and the passive oscillator is connected to the ground plate.
  • the dipole antenna is composed of two coaxial coaxial wires.
  • the dipole antenna has two arms of equal length, which are an upper arm and a lower arm, respectively.
  • the dipole antenna is fed via an antenna feeder (ie, a coaxial cable). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1b, both the upper and lower arms of the active oscillator are connected to the antenna feeder, and the two arms of the passive oscillator are connected to each other.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both monopole antennas.
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the adjustable reactance element when the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both monopole antennas, the adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder, or the adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between An adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate, or between the first oscillator and the antenna feed line and between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current varies with This changes the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current follows. Changes occur, thereby changing the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • phase and induced current of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element. Phase, the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle radiated by the antenna.
  • the first oscillator is a dipole antenna
  • the second oscillator is a monopole antenna.
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • a reactive element may be connected in series at the end of the upper arm of the first oscillator near the reference surface, or the first oscillator may be connected in series.
  • An adjustable reactance element is connected in series at the end of the lower arm near the reference surface, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series at the end of both arms of the first oscillator close to the reference surface, or the adjustable reactance element may be connected in series at An adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate, or on at least one arm of the first oscillator and between the second oscillator and the ground plate.
  • the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current follows. Changes occur, thereby changing the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current follows. Changes occur, thereby changing the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • a reactive adjustable element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator and between the second oscillator and the ground plate, the phase of the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the reactive adjustable element.
  • the phase makes the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current change accordingly, thereby changing the target angle radiated by the antenna.
  • the antenna since the antenna includes a ground plate, and the position and size of the ground plate both affect the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current. That is, the phase difference is also related to the distance between the antenna and the ground plate and the size of the ground plate. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, the distance between the antenna and the ground plate, and the size of the ground plate are changed simultaneously, or the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the ground plate are changed simultaneously. The size is changed at the same time and the distance between the antenna and the ground plate is maintained, or the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the distance between the antenna and the ground plate are changed at the same time and the size of the ground plate is maintained. The phase difference ⁇ between the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted.
  • the first oscillator and the second oscillator are both dipole antennas.
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • a reactive element can be connected in series at the end of the upper arm of the first vibrator close to the reference surface, or it can be close to the lower arm of the first vibrator.
  • An adjustable reactance element is connected in series at one end of the reference surface, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series at one end of both arms of the first oscillator near the reference surface, or may be connected in series between two arms of the second oscillator.
  • the reactance-tunable element, or the reactance-tunable element may be connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator and between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current follows. Changes occur, thereby changing the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the reactive element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current varies with This changes the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • phase of the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the reactive adjustable element Phase, the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle radiated by the antenna.
  • the first oscillator is a monopole antenna
  • the second oscillator is a dipole antenna.
  • the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder; and / or, the adjustable reactive element is connected in series between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • a reactive element may be connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder, or the second oscillator may be connected in series.
  • An adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the two arms, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the first oscillator and the antenna feed line and between the two arms of the second oscillator.
  • the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current varies with This changes the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the reactive element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current varies with This changes the target angle of the antenna radiation.
  • the phase and induction of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element.
  • the phase of the current changes the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, thereby changing the target angle radiated by the antenna.
  • the capacitance value changes, the capacitive reactance value changes, the inductance value changes, and the inductive reactance value changes accordingly.
  • the tunable reactive element may include a capacitor and / or an inductor.
  • the adjustable reactance element may be any series and parallel form of at least one capacitor and / or at least one inductor, and may include: one adjustable capacitor, multiple capacitors connected in series, multiple capacitors connected in parallel, and one adjustable inductor.
  • the types and numbers of capacitors and inductors are not limited.
  • the phase difference ⁇ between the excitation current and the induced current is not related to the distance d between the first and second oscillators. Adjusting the capacitance, the capacitance of the adjustable capacitance changes, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes, thereby adjusting the beam direction of the antenna radiation.
  • the antenna may further include an active antenna, multiple passive antennas, and an adjustable reactive element.
  • the adjustable reactive element may be disposed at an end of the active oscillator near the reference surface, and / or, The adjustable reactive element is disposed at an end of the at least one passive oscillator near the reference plane.
  • the adjustable reactive element may be disposed at an end of the active oscillator near the reference plane, or the adjustable reactive element may be disposed at an end of at least one passive oscillator near the reference plane, or the adjustable reactive element may be simultaneously disposed at One end of the active oscillator near the reference plane and one end of the at least one passive oscillator near the reference plane.
  • the number of passive antennas is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, the sum of the phase differences between the excitation currents received by the active oscillator and the induced currents generated by multiple passive oscillators is changed, so that the target angle of the antenna radiation can be achieved Point in the direction the user wants.
  • the beam direction of the antenna radiation including one active oscillator, multiple passive oscillators, and tunable reactance elements can be specified by the user, and the setting of multiple passive antennas can effectively improve the antenna and the terminal containing the antenna. Sending performance.
  • an antenna including an active oscillator, multiple passive oscillators, and an adjustable reactive element
  • an antenna including an active oscillator, a passive oscillator, and an adjustable reactive element in the embodiments of FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 described above follow.
  • the change of the adjustable reactance element can make the target angle of the radiation point in the direction required by the user.
  • the specific implementation principle is the same, which is not described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna of the embodiment of the present application further includes a control module (not shown in FIG. 5) and an electronic switch.
  • the electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module is respectively connected to a regulating terminal (not shown in FIG. 5) of the reactive adjustable element and a control terminal (not shown in FIG. 5) of the electronic switch.
  • the control module is used to change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the on / off state of the electronic switch.
  • the electronic switch since the adjustable reactive element is disposed at an end of the second oscillator near the reference surface, and the electronic switch is connected in series with the second oscillator, the electronic switch may be connected in series between the second oscillator and the adjustable reactive element. Alternatively, the electronic switch may sequentially connect the adjustable reactance element and the second oscillator, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the control module can adjust the magnitude of the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element through the connection with the adjustable reactance element.
  • the control module can also control the open or closed state of the electronic switch through connection with the electronic switch.
  • the control module can turn off the electronic switch, so that the second oscillator cannot meet the resonance condition, and the second oscillator cannot generate an induced current. In this way, the antenna including only the first oscillator can emit radiation in all directions.
  • the control module can adjust the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to the direction specified by the user, and the control module closes the electronic switch so that the second oscillator meets the resonance condition, and the second oscillator generates Induced current. Since the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes with the change of the reactance value of the reactive adjustable element, the antenna can radiate at a target angle to achieve directional radiation of the antenna.
  • the control module may be an integrated chip or an integrated circuit composed of multiple components.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the types of the control module and the electronic switch.
  • the electronic module is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module turns on the electronic switch, so that the second vibrator cannot generate induced current, thereby achieving omnidirectional radiation of the antenna.
  • the setting of the control module and the electronic switch can flexibly realize the omnidirectional radiation and alignment radiation of the antenna to meet the actual needs.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal 10 in this embodiment of the present application may include an antenna fixing member 11 and at least one antenna 12, and the antenna 12 is disposed on the antenna fixing member 11.
  • the antenna 12 is disposed on the antenna fixing member 11.
  • the structure of the antenna 12 reference may be made to the description in the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the terminal provided in this embodiment may be a communication terminal such as an AP, an ONT, or a router.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种天线和终端，该天线包括：一个第一振子、一个第二振子和电抗可调元件。第一振子通过与天线馈电线的电连接，接收激励电流；第二振子通过第一振子的电磁感应，产生感应电流。电抗可调元件设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端；参考面以第一振子与天线馈电线的连接点为原点并与第一振子的轴向垂直。电抗可调元件具有可调的电抗值，用于调节激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差，相位差与天线辐射的目标角度具有关联关系。本申请实施例在实现天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向的同时，满足天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点。

Description

天线和终端 技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线和终端。
背景技术
随着天线技术的逐步提高，室内无线保真(wireless-fidelity，WI-FI)天线的类型已经从全向天线向智能天线开始转变和发展。通常，智能天线可以根据用户位置把辐射能量集中到用户所在方向，而不会如全向天线一样是固定不变的在所有方向均匀覆盖。
如图1a所示，智能天线包括：与天线馈电线连接的振子(通常，将与天线馈电线连接的振子称为有源振子，图1a中以有源振子进行示意)、设置在有源振子周围的无源感应单元、控制电路(图1a中未示出)、至少一个电子开关以及接地板，其中，无源感应单元包括至少一个振子(通常，将不与天线馈电线连接的振子称为无源振子，图1a中以两个无源振子进行示意)，在每个无源振子与接地板之间皆设有一个电子开关，控制电路通过控制电子开关的开闭状态，可以控制无源振子与接地板的通断状态。
如图1b所示，智能天线包括：与天线馈电线连接的振子(同上，图1b中以有源振子进行示意)、设置在有源振子周围的无源感应单元、控制电路(图1b中未示出)以及至少一个电子开关，其中，无源感应单元包括至少一个振子(同上，图1b中以两个无源振子进行示意)，每个无源振子的上臂和下臂之间皆设置有一个电子开关，控制电路通过控制电子开关的开闭状态，可以控制无源感应单元自身谐振长度的变化。
一般情况下，通过控制无源感应单元与接地板的连通或断开，或者，通过调节无源感应单元自身谐振长度的变化，可以控制无源感应单元是否产生感应电流，实现智能天线的定向辐射。具体地，当无源感应单元不产生感应电流时，智能天线辐射的方向图为全向模式。当无源感应单元产生感应电流时，无源感应单元起到反射或者引向的作用，使得智能天线辐射的方向图变为定向模式。
然而，只有在有源振子周围的不同方向上放置更多的无源振子，才可以实现实际需要智能天线在不同指向的定向模式的需求，容易导致智能天线的尺寸变大。且随着WI-FI标准802.11ac正向WI-FI标准802.11ax发展，WI-FI标准802.11ac支持4*4MIMO，终端上需要放置4个天线，WI-FI标准802.11ax支持8*8多输入多输出系统(multiple-input multiple-output，MIMO)，进而终端上需要放置8个天线，也容易导致终端上智能天线的尺寸变大。
因此，为了在终端的有限空间中放置更多智能天线，现亟需一种小尺寸且低轮廓的智能天线。
发明内容
本申请提供一种天线和终端，用于实现天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向，且满足小尺寸且低轮廓的诉求，使得终端在有限的空间内放置更多的天线，使得终端的接收性能满足实际需求。
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线，包括：一个第一振子、一个第二振子和电抗可调元件；
第一振子通过与天线馈电线的电连接，接收激励电流；第二振子通过第一振子的电磁感应，产生感应电流；
电抗可调元件设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端；参考面以第一振子与天线馈电线的连接点为原点并与第一振子的轴向垂直；
电抗可调元件具有可调的电抗值，用于调节激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差，相位差与天线辐射的目标角度具有关联关系。
通过第一方面提供的天线，可以根据用户所需的方向，改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，从而调节第一振子接收到的激励电流与第二振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。这样，仅包括两个振子和电抗可调元件的天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向。
在一种可能的设计中，相位差与目标角度之间的关联关系是根据公式一确定的；
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000001
其中，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000002
为第一振子与第二振子所形成阵列的方向函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000003
为单元因子函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000004
为阵因子函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000005
k＝2π/λ为电磁波的波数，d为第一振子与第二振子之间的间距，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000006
为目标角度，ζ为激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差。
在一种可能的设计中，电抗可调元件的电抗值与相位差具有关联关系，电抗可调元件的电抗值与相位差之间的关联关系通过复数矩阵S表示，复数矩阵S通过公式二确定：
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000007
其中，jX＝j(X L-X C)为电抗可调元件的电抗值，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000008
为电抗可调元件的容抗值，X L＝ωL为电抗可调元件的感抗值，L为电抗可调元件的电感值，C为电抗可调元件的电容值，w为角频率，R 0为特征阻抗。
在一种可能的设计中，相位差还与天线的长度和第一振子与第二振子之间的间距具有关联关系。
通过第一方面提供的天线，可以根据用户所需的方向，同时改变电抗可调元件的电抗值和第一振子与第二振子之间的间距，从而调节第一振子接收到的激励电流与第二振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。 这样，仅包括两个振子和电抗可调元件的天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向。
在一种可能的设计中，第一振子和第二振子之间的间距为d，其中，0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ，λ为自由空间波长。
在一种可能的设计中，第一振子和第二振子均为单极子天线；
电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子和天线馈电线之间；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间。
在一种可能的设计中，第一振子为偶极子天线，第二振子为单极子天线；
电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间。
在一种可能的设计中，相位差还与天线和接地板之间的距离以及接地板的尺寸具有关联关系。
通过第一方面提供的天线，可以根据用户所需的方向，同时改变电抗可调元件的电抗值以及天线和接地板之间的距离，或者，同时改变电抗可调元件的电抗值以及接地板的尺寸，或者，同时改变电抗可调元件的电抗值、天线和接地板之间的距离以及接地板的尺寸，从而调节第一振子接收到的激励电流与第二振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。这样，仅包括两个振子和电抗可调元件的天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向。
在一种可能的设计中，第一振子和第二振子均为偶极子天线；
电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子的两个臂之间。
在一种可能的设计中，第一振子为单极子天线，第二振子为偶极子天线；
电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子和天线馈电线之间；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子的两个臂之间。
在一种可能的设计中，天线还包括：控制模块和电子开关；
其中，电子开关与第二振子串联连接，控制模块分别与电抗可调元件的调节端和电子开关的控制端连接；
控制模块，用于改变电抗可调元件的电抗值以及电子开关的开闭状态。
通过第一方面提供的天线，通过电子开关与第二振子的串联连接，控制模块打开电子开关，使得第二振子无法产生感应电流，从而实现天线的全向辐射，再通过控制模块闭合电子开关以及根据实际需求调节电抗可调元件的电抗值，从而实现天线的目标角度的辐射，进而，控制模块与电子开关的设置可以灵活实现天线的全向辐射和定线辐射，满足实际的各种需求。
在一种可能的设计中，电抗可调元件包括电容和/或电感。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种终端，包括天线固定部件和如第一方面所述的至少一个天线，天线设置在天线固定部件上。
本申请实施例提供的天线和终端，通过将电抗可调元件设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗 可调元件同时设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端以及第二振子靠近参考面的一端，进而，根据用户所需的方向，改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，从而可以调节第一振子接收到的激励电流与第二振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。本申请实施例中，仅包括两个振子和电抗可调元件的天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向，且终端可以在有限空间中放置更多的天线，使得自身的发送性能满足实际需求。
附图说明
图1a为一种天线的结构示意图；
图1b为另一种天线的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图3a1为本申请一实施例提供的天线辐射的波束指向的示意图；
图3b1为本申请一实施例提供的天线辐射的波束指向的示意图；
图3a2为本申请一实施例提供的天线辐射的波束指向的示意图；
图3b2为本申请一实施例提供的天线辐射的波束指向的示意图；
图3c2为本申请一实施例提供的天线辐射的波束指向的示意图；
图4a为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图4b为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图4c为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图4d为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的终端的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种天线和终端，在实现天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向的同时，可以满足天线的小尺寸且低轮廓的诉求，具有成本低、节约空间的特点，可以应用于全双工通信系统，也可以作为MIMO天线，以及其他任何可能的应用场景中。
为了满足天线小尺寸且低轮廓的诉求，本申请实施例提供一种天线和终端，通过将电抗可调元件设置在有源振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件设置在无源振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件同时设置在有源振子靠近参考面的一端以及无源振子靠近参考面的一端，进而，通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节有源振子接收到的激励电流与无源振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向，这样，包括有源振子、无源振子和电抗可调元件的天线不仅具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，还实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向，且终端的有限空间中可以放置更多的天线，使得终端的发送性能满足实际需求。
其中，终端(terminal)包括但不限于路由器、光网络设备(optical network terminal， ONT)以及无线访问接入点(wireless access point，AP)。
下面，以第一振子为有源振子，第二振子为无源振子为例，结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例天线的技术方案进行描述。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图，如图2所示，天线包括：一个第一振子、一个第二振子和电抗可调元件。
第一振子通过与天线馈电线的电连接，接收激励电流；第二振子通过第一振子的电磁感应，产生感应电流。
电抗可调元件设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端；参考面以第一振子与天线馈电线的连接点为原点并与第一振子的轴向垂直。
电抗可调元件具有可调的电抗值，用于调节激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差，相位差与天线辐射的目标角度具有关联关系。
需要说明的是，参考面为一个虚拟面，可以为任意形状、任意大小、任意位置，本申请实施例对此不做限定，只需保证参考面的原点为第一振子与天线馈电线的连接点且与第一振子的轴向保持垂直即可。此外，本申请实施例对第一振子与第二振子的相对位置不做限定，只需满足第一振子与第二振子相互平行即可。
为了便于说明，以图2中天线馈电线与第一振子的下端连接，参考面为垂直第一振子的轴向且位于第一振子下方的水平面，参考面的原点为天线馈电线与第一振子的连接点，且第一振子与第二振子平齐设置为例，对本申请实施例天线的具体实现形式进行示意。
本申请实施例中，第一振子通过与天线馈电线的电连接，可以接收天线馈电线上的激励电流。随着激励电流的变化，第一振子周围的磁场会发生变化，使得第二振子在第一振子的电磁感应作用下，可以产生感应电流。
本领域技术人员可以理解，第一振子和第二振子可以组成天线阵列，即二元阵列，第一振子和第二振子为二元阵列中的阵元。根据天线阵列的理论，在一个平面里，通过公式一，可以确定激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差与目标角度之间的关联关系。
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000009
其中，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000010
为二元阵列的方向图函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000011
为单元因子函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000012
为阵因子函数，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000013
k＝2π/λ为电磁波的波数，d为第一振子与第二振子之间的间距，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000014
为目标角度，ζ为激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差。
公式一中，二元阵列的方向图函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000015
包括两部分，一部分是天线本身的方向图函数，即单元因子函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000016
另一部分是阵因子函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000017
通常，天线的方向图有E面和H面，一般情况下，E面是指与电场方向平行的方向图切面，H面是指与磁场方向平行的方向图切面。由于单极子天线和偶极子天线的H面是全向的，阵因子函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000018
近似为1，因此，二元阵列的方向图函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000019
主要由阵因子函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000020
决定，即
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000021
在d＝λ/4时，下面，结合图3a1-图3b1，通过调节相位差ζ的取值范围，对天线辐射的波束指向进行示意。
当ζ＝-π/2时，阵因子函数变为
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000022
具体地，若
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000023
则两个阵元辐射到远场的电磁波同相相加，强度最大。若
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000024
则两个阵元辐射到远场的电磁波反相相减，强度最小。因此，天线辐射的波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000025
的方向，如图3a1。
当ζ＝π/2时，阵因子函数变为
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000026
具体地，若
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000027
则两个阵元辐射到远场的电磁波反相相减，强度最小。若
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000028
则两个阵元辐射到远场的电磁波同相相加，强度最大。因此，天线辐射的波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000029
的方向，如图3b1。
另外，下面，结合图3a2-图3c2，通过调节相位差ζ的取值范围，对天线辐射的波束指向进行示意。与上述图3a1-图3b1的区别在于：相位差ζ与间距d没有关联关系，即无要设定d＝λ/4。
当ζ>π或者ζ<-π时，即ζ＝π+deta或者ζ＝-π-deta，deta>0，阵因子函数变为
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000030
或者
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000031
天线辐射的波束指向如图3a2所示。
当ζ＝π或者ζ＝-π时，阵因子函数变为
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000032
或者
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000034
天线辐射的波束指向如图3b2所示。
当ζ<π或者ζ>-π时，即ζ＝π-deta或者ζ＝-π+deta，deta>0，阵因子函数变为
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000035
或者
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000036
天线辐射的波束指向如图3c2所示。
进一步地，由于二元阵列的方向图函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000037
可以表明天线辐射的波束指向，且在相位差ζ发生改变时，二元阵列的方向图函数
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000038
也会随之发生改变，因此，相位差ζ发生改变，天线辐射的波束指向发生改变。
本领域技术人员可以理解，任意电流通过电抗可调元件后，该电流的幅度和相位可以通过公式二中的复数矩阵S进行确定。
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000039
其中，jX＝j(X L-X C)为电抗可调元件的电抗值，
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000040
为电抗可调元件的容抗值，X L＝ωL为电抗可调元件的感抗值，L为电抗可调元件的电感值，C为电抗可调元件的电容值，w为角频率，R 0为特征阻抗。
通常，复数矩阵S的幅度可以用来计算该电流通过电抗可调元件前后幅度的变化，复数矩阵S的相位可以用来计算该电流通过电抗可调元件前后相位的变化。因此，本申请实施例中，可以在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，在第二振子靠近参考面的一端，可以采用焊接或者导线连接的方式，设置电抗可调元件。其中，本申请实施例对具体的连接方式不做限定。
一方面，电抗可调元件可以设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，当电抗可调元件的电抗值发生改变时，激励电流的相位会随之发生改变，从而可以调节激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差。
另一方面，电抗可调元件也可以设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端，则电抗可调 元件的电抗值发生改变，感应电流的相位会随之发生改变，从而可以调节激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差。
又一方面，电抗可调元件还可以同时设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端以及第二振子靠近参考面的一端，则电抗可调元件的电抗值发生改变，激励电流的相位和感应电流的相位均会随之发生改变，从而可以调节激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差。
进一步地，根据公式二中的复数矩阵S，可以确定电抗可调元件的电抗值与相位差具有关联关系。且根据公式一，可以确定相位差与天线辐射的目标角度具有关联关系，因此，通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以改变天线辐射的波束指向。进而，本申请实施例中，根据用户所需的方向，可以对电抗可调元件的电抗值进行调节，使得天线辐射的目标角度朝向用户所需的方向，从而，对于仅包括两个振子以及电抗可调元件的天线，不仅尺寸小、轮廓低，还实现了天线辐射的波束指向可以满足用户指定的任意定向。
本申请实施例提供的天线，通过将电抗可调元件设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件同时设置在第一振子靠近参考面的一端以及第二振子靠近参考面的一端，进而，根据用户所需的方向，改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，从而可以调节第一振子接收到的激励电流与第二振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差，实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。本申请实施例中，仅包括两个振子和电抗可调元件的天线具有小尺寸且低轮廓的特点，实现了天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向，且终端可以在有限空间中放置更多的天线，使得自身的发送性能满足实际需求。
本申请实施例中，由于感应电流是在第一振子产生的电磁波传播到第二振子才产生的，因此，感应电流的相位与第一振子上激励电流的相位有个天然的相位差ζ1，该相位差ζ1与第一振子与第二振子之间的间距d有关。且根据公式一，可以确定相位差与天线的长度和第一振子与第二振子之间的间距d具有关联关系。
因此，本申请实施例中，通过同时改变电抗可调元件的电抗值以及第一振子与第二振子之间的间距d，可以调节激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差ζ。其中，ζ＝ζ1+ζ2，ζ1为间距d的改变所引起的相位差，ζ2为电抗可调元件的电抗值的改变所引起的相位差。从而，在相位差ζ发生改变时，天线辐射的目标角度可以为用户所需的方向，使得天线辐射的波束指向为用户指定的任意定向。
进一步地，由于在第一振子产生的电磁波传播到第二振子时，若第二振子对地开路，其尺寸不满足半波长谐振条件，则第二振子上就不会产生感应电流。若第二振子对地短路，根据镜像原理，第二振子的尺寸满足半波长谐振条件，则第二振子就会产生感应电流。因此，本申请实施例可以对第一振子与第二振子之间的间距d的大小进行设置。一般情况下，0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ，λ为自由空间波长。
本申请实施例中，天线中第一振子和第二振子可以有多个种类，如单极子天线和偶极子天线。
本领域技术人员可以理解，单极子天线是竖直的具有四分之一波长的天线，该天线安装在一个接地板上。其中，该接地板可以为金属板，或者，可以为PCB板上的铜皮，本申请实施例对此不做限定。单极子天线的馈电是通过天线馈电线(即同轴电缆) 进行的。因此，如图1a所示，有源振子与天线馈电线连接，无源振子与接地板连接。并且，偶极子天线由两根共轴的直导线构成，偶极子天线有两个长度相等的臂，分别为上臂和下臂。偶极子天线的馈电是通过天线馈电线(即同轴电缆)进行的。因此，如图1b所示，有源振子的上臂和下臂皆与天线馈电线连接，无源振子的两个臂相互连接。
下面，结合图4a-图4d，采用四种实现方式对第一振子和第二振子的具体种类进行详细说明。
一种可行的实现方式中，第一振子和第二振子均为单极子天线。电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子和天线馈电线之间；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间。
如图4a，当第一振子和第二振子均为单极子天线时，可以将电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子和天线馈电线之间，或者，可以将电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间，或者，可以在第一振子和天线馈电线之间以及在第二振子和接地板之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件。
若仅在第一振子和天线馈电线之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若仅在第二振子和接地板之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若在第一振子和天线馈电线之间以及在第二振子和接地板之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位和感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
另一种可行的实现方式中，第一振子为偶极子天线，第二振子为单极子天线。电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间。
如图4b，当第一振子为偶极子天线，第二振子为单极子天线时，可以在第一振子的上臂靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子的下臂靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子的两个臂皆靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以将电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子和接地板之间，或者，可以在第一振子的至少一个臂上以及在第二振子和接地板之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件。
若仅在第一振子的至少一个臂上串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若仅在第二振子和接地板之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若在第一振子的至少一个臂上以及在第二振子和接地板之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位和感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
在上述两种可行的实现方式中，由于天线中皆包含有接地板，且接地板的位置和尺寸的设置皆对激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差产生影响。即相位差还与天线和接地板之间的距离以及接地板的尺寸具有关联关系。因此，本申请实施例中，通过对电抗可调元件的电抗值、天线和接地板之间的距离以及接地板的尺寸同时进行改变，或者，通过对电抗可调元件的电抗值以及接地板的尺寸同时进行改变且保持天线和接地板之间的距离不变，或者，通过对电抗可调元件的电抗值以及天线和接地板之间的距离同时进行改变且保持不变接地板的尺寸，皆可调节激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差ζ。
又一种可行的实现方式中，第一振子和第二振子均为偶极子天线。电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子的两个臂之间。
如图4c，当第一振子和第二振子均为偶极子天线时，可以在第一振子的上臂靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子的下臂靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子的两个臂皆靠近参考面的一端串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第二振子的两个臂之间串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子的至少一个臂上以及在第二振子的两个臂之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件。
若仅在第一振子的至少一个臂上串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若仅在第二振子的两个臂之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若在第一振子的至少一个臂上以及在第二振子的两个臂之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位和感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
再一种可行的实现方式中，第一振子为单极子天线，第二振子为偶极子天线。电抗可调元件串联连接在第一振子和天线馈电线之间；和/或，电抗可调元件串联连接在第二振子的两个臂之间。
如图4d，当第一振子为单极子天线且第二振子为偶极子天线时，可以在第一振子和天线馈电线之间串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第二振子的两个臂之间串联连接电抗可调元件，或者，可以在第一振子和天线馈电线之间以及在第二振子的两个臂之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件。
若仅在第一振子和天线馈电线之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可 调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若仅在第二振子的两个臂之间串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
若在第一振子和天线馈电线之间以及在第二振子的两个臂之间皆串联连接有电抗可调元件，则通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，可以调节激励电流的相位和感应电流的相位，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随之发生改变，从而改变天线辐射的目标角度。
本申请实施例中，由于电容值发生改变，容抗值随之发生改变，电感值发生改变，感抗值随之发生改变，且根据公式二，得到电容和电感皆可以改变电流的相位，即不同电容值所引起的电流的移相量不同，不同电感值所引起的电流的移相量不同，使得激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差发生改变。因此，电抗可调元件可以包括电容和/或电感。
具体地，电抗可调元件可以为至少一个电容和/或至少一个电感的任意串并联形式，可以包括：一个可调电容、多个串联连接的电容、多个并联连接的电容、一个可调电感、多个串联连接的电感、多个并联连接的电感、至少一个电容和至少一个电感的串联形式、至少一个电容和至少一个电感的并联形式等。其中，电容和电感的种类和个数皆不做限定。
在一个具体的实施例中，天线中的第一振子和第二振子之间的间距d保持不变，即d＝λ/4，仅在第二振子靠近参考面的一端设置一个可调电容，因此，感应电流与激励电流之间的天然相位差ζ1保持不变，且该可调电容的容值发生改变，感应电流的相位ζ2随之发生改变，使得激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差ζ＝ζ1+ζ2发生改变，从而调节天线辐射的波束指向。
具体地，当ζ1＝-π/2时，若电容值C＝无穷大使得ζ2＝0，则ζ＝-π/2，波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000041
的方向，如图3a1；若电容值C使得ζ2＝π，则ζ＝π/2，波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000042
的方向，如图3b1。
在另一个具体的实施例中，激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差ζ与第一振子和第二振子之间的间距d没有关联关系，通过在第二振子靠近参考面的一端设置一个可调电容，该可调电容的容值发生改变，使得激励电流和感应电流之间的相位差发生改变，从而调节天线辐射的波束指向。
具体地，若电容值C＝无穷大使得ζ＝-π/2，则波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000043
的方向，如图3c2；若电容值C使得ζ＝π，则波束垂直于轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000044
的方向，如图3b2；若电容值C使得ζ＝2π，则波束沿着轴线指向
Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-000045
的方向，如图3a2。
另外，本申请实施例中，天线还可以包括一个有源天线、多个无源天线以及电抗可调元件，可以将电抗可调元件设置在有源振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，将电抗可调元件设置在至少一个无源振子靠近参考面的一端。
具体地，可以将电抗可调元件设置在有源振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件设置在至少一个无源振子靠近参考面的一端，或者，将电抗可调元件同时设 置在有源振子靠近参考面的一端以及至少一个无源振子靠近参考面的一端。
其中，本申请实施例对无源天线的个数不做限定。
进而，通过改变电抗可调元件的电抗值，使得有源振子接收到的激励电流分别与多个无源振子产生的感应电流之间的相位差之和发生改变，从而可以实现天线辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向。这样，包括一个有源振子、多个无源振子以及电抗可调元件的天线辐射的波束指向可以为用户指定的任意定向，且多个无源天线的设置可以有效改善天线和包含该天线的终端的发送性能。
其中，包含一个有源振子、多个无源振子以及电抗可调元件的天线与上述图2-图4实施例中包括一个有源振子、一个无源振子以及电抗可调元件的天线在随着电抗可调元件的变化可以使得辐射的目标角度指向用户所需的方向的具体实现原理相同，本申请实施例对此不做赘述。
示例性的，在图5所示实施例的基础上，本申请实施例还提供一种天线。图5为本申请一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图。如图5所示，与图2不同的是，本申请实施例的天线还包括：控制模块(图5中未示出)和电子开关。
其中，电子开关与第二振子串联连接，控制模块分别与电抗可调元件的调节端(图5中未示出)和电子开关的控制端(图5中未示出)连接。
控制模块，用于改变电抗可调元件的电抗值以及电子开关的开闭状态。
本申请实施例中，由于电抗可调元件设置在第二振子靠近参考面的一端，且电子开关与第二振子串联连接，因此，电子开关可以串联连接在第二振子与电抗可调元件之间，或者，电子开关可以依次连接电抗可调元件和第二振子，本申请实施例对此不做限定。并且，控制模块可以通过与电抗可调元件的连接，调节电抗可调元件的电抗值的大小。控制模块还可以通过与电子开关的连接，控制电子开关的打开或闭合的状态。
在需要天线实现全向辐射时，控制模块可以断开电子开关，使得第二振子无法满足谐振条件，第二振子便无法产生感应电流，这样，仅包含第一振子的天线便可全向辐射。
在需要天线实现目标角度的辐射时，控制模块可以根据用户指定的方向，调节电抗可调元件的电抗值的大小，且控制模块闭合电子开关，使得第二振子满足谐振条件，第二振子便产生感应电流。由于激励电流与感应电流之间的相位差随着电抗可调元件的电抗值的改变而改变，因此，天线可以以目标角度进行辐射，实现天线的定向辐射。
其中，控制模块可以为集成芯片或者多个元器件组成的集成电路，本申请实施例对控制模块和电子开关的型号不做限定。
本申请实施例提供的天线，通过电子开关与第二振子的串联连接，控制模块打开电子开关，使得第二振子无法产生感应电流，从而实现天线的全向辐射，再通过控制模块闭合电子开关以及根据实际需求调节电抗可调元件的电抗值，从而实现天线的目标角度的辐射，进而，控制模块与电子开关的设置可以灵活实现天线的全向辐射和定线辐射，满足实际的各种需求。
示例性的，在图1-图5所示实施例的基础上，本申请实施例还提供一种终端。图6为本申请一实施例提供的终端的结构示意图。如图6所示，本申请实施例的终端10 可以包括：天线固定部件11和至少一个天线12，天线12设置在天线固定部件11上。其中天线12的结构可参见上述图1-图5所示实施例中的描述，此处不再赘述。
本实施例提供的终端，可以为AP、ONT、路由器等通信终端。
以上的实施方式、结构示意图或仿真示意图仅为示意性说明本申请的技术方案，其中的尺寸比例、仿真数值并不构成对该技术方案保护范围的限定，任何在上述实施方式的精神和原则之内所做的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在该技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：一个第一振子、一个第二振子和电抗可调元件；
    所述第一振子通过与天线馈电线的电连接，接收激励电流；所述第二振子通过所述第一振子的电磁感应，产生感应电流；
    所述电抗可调元件设置在所述第一振子靠近参考面的一端，和/或，所述电抗可调元件设置在所述第二振子靠近参考面的一端；所述参考面以所述第一振子与所述天线馈电线的连接点为原点并与所述第一振子的轴向垂直；
    所述电抗可调元件具有可调的电抗值，用于调节所述激励电流和所述感应电流之间的相位差，所述相位差与所述天线辐射的目标角度具有关联关系。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述相位差与所述目标角度之间的关联关系是根据如下公式确定的：
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100001
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100002
    为所述第一振子与所述第二振子所形成阵列的方向函数，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100003
    为单元因子函数，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100004
    为阵因子函数，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100005
    k＝2π/λ为电磁波的波数，d为所述第一振子与所述第二振子之间的间距，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100006
    为所述目标角度，ζ为所述激励电流和所述感应电流之间的相位差。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电抗可调元件的电抗值与所述相位差具有关联关系，所述电抗可调元件的电抗值与所述相位差之间的关联关系通过复数矩阵S表示，所述复数矩阵S通过如下公式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100007
    其中，jX＝j(X L-X C)为所述电抗可调元件的电抗值，
    Figure PCTCN2018107779-appb-100008
    为所述电抗可调元件的容抗值，X L＝ωL为所述电抗可调元件的感抗值，L为所述电抗可调元件的电感值，C为所述电抗可调元件的电容值，w为角频率，R 0为特征阻抗。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述相位差还与所述天线的长度和所述第一振子与所述第二振子之间的间距具有关联关系。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子和所述第二振子之间的间距为d，其中，0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ，λ为自由空间波长。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子和所述第二振子均为单极子天线；
    所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第一振子和所述天线馈电线之间；和/或，所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第二振子和接地板之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子为偶极子天线，所述第二振子为单极子天线；
    所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第二振子和接地板之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述相位差还与所述天线和所述接地板之间的距离以及所述接地板的尺寸具有关联关系。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子和所述第二振子均为偶极子天线；
    所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第一振子的至少一个臂上；和/或，所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第二振子的两个臂之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一振子为单极子天线，所述第二振子为偶极子天线；
    所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第一振子和所述天线馈电线之间；和/或，所述电抗可调元件串联连接在所述第二振子的两个臂之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：控制模块和电子开关；
    其中，所述电子开关与所述第二振子串联连接，所述控制模块分别与所述电抗可调元件的调节端和所述电子开关的控制端连接；
    所述控制模块，用于改变所述电抗可调元件的电抗值以及所述电子开关的开闭状态。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电抗可调元件包括电容和/或电感。
  13. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括天线固定部件和如权利要求1-12任一项所述的至少一个天线，所述天线设置在所述天线固定部件上。
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