WO2020056668A1 - 样本分析仪、采样装置及采样方法 - Google Patents

样本分析仪、采样装置及采样方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020056668A1
WO2020056668A1 PCT/CN2018/106713 CN2018106713W WO2020056668A1 WO 2020056668 A1 WO2020056668 A1 WO 2020056668A1 CN 2018106713 W CN2018106713 W CN 2018106713W WO 2020056668 A1 WO2020056668 A1 WO 2020056668A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sampling needle
sampling
sample container
needle
contact
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/106713
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张军伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
Shenzhen Mindray Scientific Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
Shenzhen Mindray Scientific Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd, Shenzhen Mindray Scientific Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2018/106713 priority Critical patent/WO2020056668A1/zh
Priority to CN201880096398.XA priority patent/CN112654849A/zh
Publication of WO2020056668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020056668A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a sample analyzer, a sampling device, a sampling method and the like.
  • a sample feeding method (usually referred to as automatic sampling) in which a plurality of sample containers with sealed plugs are placed on a sample rack to perform continuous measurement of samples in the multiple sample containers.
  • the sample delivery method (usually referred to as open injection) for carrying out the measurement of a sample in a single sample container by holding the opened sample container to the sampler.
  • the sample analyzer provides a sample container rack. A single sample container is placed in the sample container rack, and the sample analyzer automatically controls its sampler to suck a single sample in a single sample container for measurement (usually called closed). Injection).
  • sample delivery method (2) and sample delivery method (3) are commonly used for the measurement of emergency samples, peripheral blood samples, and pre-diluted samples.
  • the sample sending method of the sample analyzers on the market is generally to provide multiple sample container holders for fixing the sample containers. Because the sampling needle moves at a certain position, the insertion hole depth of each sample container holder is different. That is, the sample container is adjusted to the specific position of the sampling needle through the insertion holes of different depths, so that the sample in the sample container can be sampled after the sampling needle is moved into position.
  • the user first selects a sample container rack suitable for the sample container to be tested and places it in a specific position of the instrument, then puts the sample container into the sample container rack, and then moves the sampler to the sample container. Set aside and aspirate the sample from this container.
  • the current solution can meet the testing needs of a variety of sample containers.
  • it is also easy to use the wrong sample container rack. Therefore, it will cause inconvenience to the user.
  • the present invention provides a sampling device to facilitate user operation.
  • the invention also discloses a sample analyzer having the sampling device.
  • the invention also discloses a sampling method.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a sampling device includes:
  • a transmission mechanism connected with the sampling needle for driving the sampling needle to move in the sample container
  • a detection device for detecting a position of the sampling needle in the sample container and the detection device is communicatively connected with the transmission mechanism;
  • a control device that controls the transmission mechanism to stop the movement of the sampling needle when the detecting device detects that the sampling needle is in contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • the invention also provides a sample analyzer, comprising a sample container rack and a sampling device, the sample container rack is fixedly arranged on an instrument rack of the sample analyzer;
  • the sampling device is the sampling device according to any one of the above.
  • the present invention also provides a sampling method, including:
  • the sampling needle is driven by a transmission mechanism, so that the sampling needle moves in the sample container.
  • the detection device can detect the position of the sampling needle in the sample container, and the detection device is communicatively connected with the transmission mechanism.
  • the control device controls the transmission mechanism to stop the movement of the sampling needle.
  • the sampling device provided by the present invention can directly control the position where the sampling needle moves, and then control the position of the sampling needle in the sample container.
  • the sampling device does not need to provide a sample container rack with multiple insertion holes with different depths and a plurality of sample container racks with insertion holes with different depths, and only needs to adjust the movement value of the sampling needle through the above setting, that is, It can complete the aspiration operation of sampling for samples in different sample containers, which effectively improves the user's convenience.
  • the present invention also provides a sample analyzer including a sampling device, and the sampling device is any one of the sampling devices described above. Since the above-mentioned sampling device has the above-mentioned technical effects, the sample analyzer having the above-mentioned sampling device should also have the same technical effects, which will not be described one by one here.
  • the present invention also provides a sampling method, which has the same technical effects as the sampling device described above, and will not be described here one by one.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample container in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view structure diagram of a sampling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural side view of a sampling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a sampling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a sample analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a sampling device to facilitate user operation.
  • the invention also discloses a sample analyzer having the sampling device.
  • the invention also discloses a sampling method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a sampling device, including: a sampling needle 1, a transmission mechanism, a control device, and a detection device.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected to the sampling needle 1 and is used to drive the sampling needle 1 to move in the sample container.
  • the detection device is used to detect the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container.
  • the detection device is communicatively connected to the transmission mechanism. When the device detects that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container, the control device controls the transmission mechanism to stop the movement of the sampling needle 1.
  • the sampling needle 1 is driven by a transmission mechanism, so that the sampling needle 1 moves in the sample container.
  • the detection device can detect the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container, and the detection device is communicatively connected with the transmission mechanism.
  • the control device controls the transmission mechanism to stop the movement of the sampling needle 1.
  • the sampling device provided by the present invention can directly control the position where the sampling needle 1 moves, and then control the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container. That is, it is not necessary to adjust the relative position of the sample container and the sampling needle 1 through the insertion holes of different depths of the sample container rack.
  • the position of the sampling needle 1 can be directly adjusted by the transmission mechanism and the detection device to the different positions of the sampling needle 1.
  • the movement value of the sample container enables the sampling needle 1 to move to the bottom in the sample container. Therefore, the sampling device provided by the present invention does not need to provide a sample container rack with multiple insertion holes with different depths and a plurality of sample container racks with insertion holes with different depths, and only needs to adjust the movement value of the sampling needle 1 through the above setting.
  • the suction operation of the sampling needle 1 on the samples in different sample containers can be completed, which effectively improves the convenience of the user.
  • the detection device is a pressure detection device; the pressure detection device detects a pressure change on the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container, thereby determining that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container. That is, by contacting the sampling needle 1 with the bottom of the sample container, the contact positions of the sampling needle 1 and the sample container are pressed against each other, so that the connection member with the sampling needle 1 and the connection member with the sample container are under pressure. By detecting the pressure state of the needle 1 and its connecting part or the sample container and its connecting part, the situation where the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container can be obtained.
  • the pressure detection device is used to detect a change in pressure received by the sampling needle 1.
  • the pressure detection device includes: an elastic connection device 4 connecting the connection end of the sampling needle 1 with the transmission end of the transmission mechanism; and a detection mechanism 3 which can be triggered when the elastic connection device 4 is elastically deformed.
  • the pressure detection device can also be used to detect changes in pressure experienced by the sample container or its connecting parts (such as a container sample rack). It will not be described in detail here and all fall within the scope of protection.
  • connection position between the connection end of the sampling needle 1 and the elastic connection device 4 is the first connection position
  • connection position between the transmission end of the transmission mechanism and the elastic connection device 4 is the second connection position
  • the first connection A detection mechanism 3 is provided at one of the connection position and the second connection position
  • a trigger 2 for triggering the detection mechanism 3 is provided at the other connection position of the first connection position and the second connection position.
  • the detection mechanism 3 is an optical coupling detection mechanism; the trigger 2 is a baffle for covering the detection end of the detection mechanism 3.
  • the detection mechanism 3 triggers.
  • the detection mechanism 3 may also be provided as a tact switch, and the trigger 2 may be a pressing member for pressing the tact switch.
  • the elastic connecting device 4 is a spring; the driving end of the transmission mechanism is provided with a first fixing post 7, and the first fixing post 7 is sleeved in one end of the spring; the connection of the sampling needle 1 A second fixing post 8 is provided at one end, and the second fixing post 8 is sleeved in the other end of the spring.
  • the first fixing post 7 and the second fixing post 8 are sleeved with each other.
  • the positioning structure 9 includes a connecting column and a head.
  • the connecting column and the second fixing column 8 are fixed to each other and pass through the first The inner hole of the fixing post 7; the head and the side of the first fixing post 7 away from the second fixing post 8 are positioned and matched, thereby effectively preventing the first fixing post 7 and the second fixing post 8 from being relatively separated.
  • the sampling needle 1 is also fixedly connected to the positioning structure 9. Among them, the connecting post is screwed with the second fixing post 8.
  • the detection device is an electrical characteristic detection device capable of detecting a change in electrical characteristics.
  • the change in the electrical characteristics may be a change in current or voltage.
  • the detection device is an impedance detection device capable of detecting a change in impedance value in a circuit.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a driving device for driving the sampling needle 1 to move.
  • the driving device is an energized driving device.
  • the circuit detected by the detection device may be a circuit in the energized driving device. Because when the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, the movement of the sampling needle 1 is hindered, so that the impedance value in the electric driving device circuit that drives the movement of the sampling needle 1 changes. Because when the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, the impedance value in the circuit of the energized driving device changes. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container by detecting a change in the impedance value in the circuit of the energized driving device.
  • the blocking effect on the current in the circuit is called impedance.
  • Impedance is often represented by Z, which is a complex number.
  • the real part is called resistance and the imaginary part is called reactance.
  • the blocking effect of capacitors on AC power in circuits is called capacitive reactance
  • the blocking effect of inductors on AC power in circuits is called inductive reactance
  • the blocking effect of capacitors and inductors on AC power in circuits is called reactance.
  • the change in the impedance value in the above circuit may be a change in capacitive reactance, a change in inductive reactance, or a change in reactance.
  • the circuit can also be set as a connection circuit between the sampling needle 1 and the sample container, and the impedance detection device detects a change in the impedance value between the sampling needle 1 and the sample container to determine that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container. That is, the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and the resistance caused by the resistance, inductance or capacitance in the connection circuit to the current in the circuit changes, resulting in a corresponding change in impedance value.
  • the impedance is an impedance current. Therefore, the impedance detection device is a current detection device. That is, the driving device drives the sampling needle 1 to move, and when the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, the driving end of the driving device is subject to resistance transmitted by the sampling needle 1. Because the driving device is an energized driving device (such as a motor or a cylinder), the current (impedance current) of the energized driving device changes after the operation of the energized driving device is blocked (resistance from the resistance transmitted by the sampling needle 1). By detecting the current of the energized driving device by the current detection device, it can be determined whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and then a judgment is made as to whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • the driving device is an energized driving device (such as a motor or a cylinder)
  • the current (impedance current) of the energized driving device changes after the operation of the energized driving
  • the impedance may be an impedance voltage. Therefore, the impedance detection device is a voltage detection device. That is, when the driving device drives the sampling needle 1 to move, and when the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, the driving end of the driving device will be subjected to resistance transmitted by the sampling needle 1. Since the driving device is an energized driving device (such as a motor or a cylinder), the voltage (impedance voltage) of the energized driving device changes after the operation of the energized driving device is blocked (resistance from the resistance transmitted by the sampling needle 1). By detecting the voltage of the energized driving device by the voltage detection device, it can be determined whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and then a judgment is made as to whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • the driving device is an energized driving device (such as a motor or a cylinder)
  • the voltage (impedance voltage) of the energized driving device changes after the operation of
  • the control device controls the transmission mechanism to stop the movement of the sampling needle 1 and then controls the sampling needle 1 to perform a suction operation.
  • the sampling needle 1 is brought into contact with the bottom of the sample container and sucks the sample.
  • the bottom region is a predetermined distance from the bottom of the sample container.
  • the control device controls the transmission mechanism to drive the sampling needle 1 to stop moving and controls the sampling needle 1 to reverse. Stop moving the sampling needle 1 after moving a predetermined distance, and then control the sampling needle 1 to perform the aspiration operation.
  • a gap exists between the suction end of the sampling needle 1 and the bottom in the sample container (the gap size is determined by a predetermined distance) to facilitate the suction operation.
  • the range of the gap may be 1mm-5mm. Specifically, it may be 1 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 4 mm, or the like.
  • the detection device is a position sensor capable of detecting the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container. That is, the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container is directly detected by the position sensor, and when the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container, the movement of the sampling needle 1 is stopped.
  • the position sensor may be an infrared detector or the like, as long as it can detect the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container without destroying the sample in the sample container.
  • the transmission mechanism includes: a driving device 5; a transmission belt device 6 driven by the driving device 5; a connection piece connected to the transmission belt surface of the transmission belt device 6; and the connection between the connection piece and the sampling needle 1 ⁇ ⁇ End connection.
  • the driving device 5 is operated, and the sampling needle 1 can be driven to move.
  • the transmission mechanism includes: a driving device; a screw structure driven by the driving device; a nut structure screwed with the screw structure; the nut structure is connected to the connection end of the sampling needle 1.
  • the transmission mechanism can also be set to other structures, such as linear motors or hydraulic cylinders. It will not be described in detail here and all fall within the scope of protection.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a sample analyzer including a sample container holder 300 and a sampling device 100.
  • the sample container holder 300 is fixedly disposed on an instrument holder 400 of the sample analyzer; the sampling device 100 is such as Any of the above sampling devices. Since the above-mentioned sampling device has the above-mentioned technical effects, the sample analyzer having the above-mentioned sampling device should also have the same technical effects, which will not be described one by one here.
  • the sample container is installed in the sample container rack 300, and then the sampling needle 1 of the sampling device 100 is controlled to sample the sample container on the sample container rack 300.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a sampling method, including:
  • the sampling needle 1 moves in a sample container.
  • the detection sampling needle 1 is located in the sample container.
  • the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the movement value of the sampling needle 1 for different types of sample containers can be directly adjusted , So that the sampling needle 1 can be moved to the bottom of different types of sample containers, so as to complete the aspiration operation of the sampling needle 1 on the samples in different sample containers, which effectively improves the convenience of user operation.
  • step S2 the pressure value of the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container is detected, so as to determine whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container.
  • the sampling needle 1 and the bottom of the sample container are pressed against each other, so that the pressure value of the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container changes, thereby determining whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample container. Bottom contact. That is, the pressure on the sampling needle 1 is taken as a basis for stopping the movement of the sampling needle 1 so as to ensure that the sampling needle 1 stops after reaching the bottom of the sample container.
  • step S2 the impedance value between the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container is detected, thereby determining whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • a connection circuit is connected between the sampling needle 1 and the sample container, and the impedance detection device detects a change in the impedance value between the sampling needle 1 and the sample container to determine that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container. That is, the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and the resistance caused by the resistance, inductance or capacitance in the connection circuit to the current in the circuit changes, resulting in a corresponding change in impedance value.
  • step S2 the impedance value of the circuit in the energized driving device that drives the sampling needle 1 to move is detected, so as to determine whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • the impedance value in the circuit of the energized driving device that drives the sampling needle 1 to move changes, thereby determining that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container. It can be understood that the energized driving device drives the sampling needle 1 to move.
  • the driving end of the energized driving device will be resisted by the sampling needle 1.
  • the operation of the energized driving device is blocked ( After receiving resistance from the sampling needle 1), the current of the energized driving device will change.
  • the current of the energized driving device By detecting the current of the energized driving device, it can be determined whether the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and then whether the sampling needle 1 is Judgment of contact with the bottom in the sample container.
  • step S2 and step S3 further include step 23: moving the sampling needle 1 in a reverse direction for a certain distance.
  • the sampling needle 1 is separated from the bottom of the sample container by a certain distance, so that there is a certain gap between the sampling port of the sampling needle 1 and the bottom of the sample container, and the gap is determined by the distance the sampling needle 1 moves in the opposite direction. Through the gap, it is convenient for the sampling needle 1 to suck samples.
  • step 2 the position change of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container is directly detected.
  • the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the detection device may be an infrared detector or other distance detection device.
  • step S2 the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container is detected in real time.
  • the position of the sampling needle 1 may not be detected in real time, for example, in step S2, the sampling needle 1 moves a preset distance to detect the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container; when the sampling needle 1 does not contact the bottom of the sample container , Continue to drive the sampling needle 1 to move a preset distance, and re-detect the position of the sampling needle 1 in the sample container.
  • the specific value of the preset distance may be determined according to the size of the sampling needle 1 or the size of the sample container.
  • the sample container includes a sample container with an open lid and a sample container with a closed lid.
  • the sample container with an open lid is an open sample container, and an end thereof facing the sampling needle 1 has an opening through which the sampling needle 1 can directly enter the sample container.
  • the closed sample container includes a sample cover, and the sample cover is at the opening of the sample container.
  • the sampling needle 1 needs to penetrate the sample cover before entering the sample container. Therefore, when testing the closed sample container, the sampling needle 1 may be in contact with the solid structure (sample cover), that is, before the sampling needle 1 does not contact the bottom of the sample container, regardless of the pressure of the sampling needle 1 There is also a case where the current of the energized driving device driving the operation of the sampling needle 1 is changed.
  • the sample container is a sample container with an open lid, and the lid open mode is operated.
  • the sampling needle 1 When the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, the pressure value changes or the impedance value changes in the electric drive circuit that drives the sampling needle 1 to move; in step 2, when the pressure value change or the impedance value change is detected, the sampling is judged The needle 1 is in contact with the bottom in the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the closed mode is operated.
  • step S2 when the first pressure value change is detected or When the impedance value changes, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample cover of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 continues to move through the sample cover; when a second pressure change or impedance value change is detected, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample container.
  • the bottom contact makes the sampling needle 1 stop moving.
  • the pressure value of the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container is detected; in the first embodiment, the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container is detected Impedance value between the two; in a third embodiment, the impedance value of the circuit in the energized driving device that drives the movement of the sampling needle 1 is detected.
  • step S2 when the first embodiment is applied, in step S2, when the first pressure value change is detected, it is determined that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample cover of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 continues to move and Through the sample cover; when the second pressure value change is detected, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the pressure value is the pressure value to which the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container is subjected.
  • step S2 when the second embodiment is applied, in step S2, when the first change in the impedance value is detected, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample cover of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 continues to move through the sample cover; When the secondary impedance value changes, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the impedance is the impedance value between the sampling needle 1 or the bottom of the sample container.
  • step S2 when the first change in the impedance value is detected, it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the sample cover of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 continues to move through the sample cover;
  • the secondary impedance value changes it is judged that the sampling needle 1 is in contact with the bottom of the sample container, and the sampling needle 1 stops moving.
  • the impedance is an impedance value of a circuit in the energized driving device that drives the sampling needle 1 to move. It can be understood that the change mentioned here can also be understood as a certain threshold, because the pressure value of the sampling needle during the puncture process may change within a small range, but generally remains stable, but only after the threshold is exceeded It is judged that the state of the sampling needle has changed.
  • the change in the pressure value may be a change in the pressure value received by the sampling needle 1 or a change in the pressure value received by the sample container holder.
  • step 4 also includes step 4: resetting the sampling needle 1 and cleaning the sampling needle 1.
  • the sampling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may select a running cover opening mode and a running cover closing mode. Therefore, during the sampling process, the operation mode needs to be judged. That is, it is determined whether the sample container is a sample container with an open lid or a sample container with a closed lid.
  • the determination may be image detection, that is, observation of the sample container through image detection.
  • the lid opening mode is operated; when the sample container is determined to be closed, the lid closing mode is operated. You can also observe the type of sample container manually and select the corresponding mode by manual setting. It is also possible to set different identification codes on the sample container with an open lid and the sample container with a closed lid, and select different operating modes through code scanning authentication.

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Abstract

一种样本分析仪、采样方法及其采样装置(100)，采样装置(100)包括：采样针(1)；与采样针(1)连接，用于驱动采样针(1)在样本容器(200)内移动的传动机构；检测装置，用于检测采样针(1)是否与样本容器(200)的底部接触，检测装置与传动机构通信连接；控制装置，当检测装置检测采样针(1)与样本容器(200)中的底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针(1)的移动。采样装置(100)不需要设置具有多个深度不同的插入孔的样本容器架(300)及多个具有不同深度插入孔的样本容器架(300)，仅需通过设置调节采样针(1)的移动值，即可完成采样针(1)对不同样本容器(200)中样品的吸样操作，有效提高了使用者操作的方便程度。

Description

样本分析仪、采样装置及采样方法 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗设备技术领域，特别涉及一种样本分析仪、采样装置及采样方法及其。
背景技术
样本分析仪进行样本测量时，送样的方式通常为三种：
(1)将多个带密封塞的样本容器放在样本架上，进行多个样本容器中的样本的连续测量的送样方式(通常称作自动进样)。
(2)手持开盖的样本容器至吸样器，进行单个样本容器中的样本测量的送样方式(通常称作开放进样)。
(3)样本分析仪提供样本容器架，将单个样本容器放入样本容器架中，样本分析仪自动控制其吸样器吸取单个样本容器中的单个样本进行测量的送样方式(通常称作封闭进样)。
其中，送样方式(2)和送样方式(3)常用于急诊样本、末梢血样本及预稀释样本的测量。
目前，市面上的样本分析仪实现送样方式通常为：提供多种样本容器架用于固定样本容器，由于采样针的移动位置一定，因此，每种样本容器架的插入孔深度不同。即，通过不同深度的插入孔调节样本容器到采样针的具体位置，以便于采样针移动到位后可以对样本容器中的样品进行取样。当要进行样本测量时，使用者先选取一种与待测样本容器相适应的样本容器架放在仪器特定位置，然后将样本容器放入样本容器架，然后将吸样器移动到样本容器的放置位，吸取样本容器中的样本。
目前的方案可以满足多种样本容器的测试需求。当样本容器架的数量为多 个时，还容易用错样本容器架。因此，会给使用者的操作带来不便。
因此，如何便于使用者的操作，是本技术领域人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种采样装置，以便于使用者的操作。本发明还公开了一种具有上述采样装置的样本分析仪。本发明还公开了一种采样方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种采样装置，包括：
采样针；
与所述采样针连接，用于驱动所述采样针在样本容器内移动的传动机构；
检测装置，用于检测所述采样针在所述样本容器中的位置，所述检测装置与所述传动机构通信连接；
控制装置，当所述检测装置检测所述采样针与所述样本容器中的底部接触时，所述控制装置控制所述传动机构停止所述采样针的移动。
本发明还提供了一种样本分析仪，包括样本容器架及采样装置，所述样本容器架固定设置于所述样本分析仪的仪器架上；
所述采样装置为如上述任一项所述的采样装置。
本发明还提供了一种采样方法，包括：
1)驱动采样针在样本容器内移动；
2)检测所述采样针位于所述样本容器中的位置，当检测到所述采样针与所述样本容器底部接触时，所述采样针停止移动；
3)通过所述采样针对所述样本容器中的样品进行吸样。
从上述的技术方案可以看出，本发明提供的采样装置，采样针由传动机构传动，使得采样针在样本容器内移动。检测装置能够检测采样针位于样本容器中的位置，并且，检测装置与传动机构通信连接。当检测装置检测采样针与样本容器中的底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针的移动。本发明提供的采样装置，能够直接控制采样针移动的位置，进而控制采样针在样本容器 中的位置。即，不需要通过样本容器架的不同深度的插入孔调节样本容器与采样针的相对位置，可以通过传动机构及检测装置对采样针位置的共同作用，直接调节采样针对于不同类型的样本容器的移动值，使得采样针能够移动至样本容器中的底部。因此，本发明提供的采样装置，不需要设置具有多个深度不同的插入孔的样本容器架及多个具有不同深度插入孔的样本容器架，仅需通过上述设置调节采样针的移动值，即可完成采样针对不同样本容器中样品的吸样操作，有效提高了使用者操作的方便程度。
本发明还提供了一种样本分析仪，包括采样装置，采样装置为如上述任一种采样装置。由于上述采样装置具有上述技术效果，具有上述采样装置的样本分析仪也应具有同样的技术效果，在此不再一一累述。
本发明还提供了一种采样方法，具有与上述采样装置同样的技术效果，在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中的一种样本容器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的采样装置的主视结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的采样装置的侧视结构示意图；
图4为图3中A部分的局部放大示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的采样方法的流程结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的样本分析仪的结构框图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种采样装置，以便于使用者的操作。本发明还公开了一种 具有上述采样装置的样本分析仪。本发明还公开了一种采样方法。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种采样装置，包括：采样针1、传动机构、控制装置及检测装置。其中，传动机构与采样针1连接，用于驱动采样针1在样本容器内移动的传动机构；检测装置用于检测采样针1在样本容器中的位置，检测装置与传动机构通信连接；当检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针1的移动。
本发明实施例提供的采样装置，采样针1由传动机构传动，使得采样针1在样本容器内移动。检测装置能够检测采样针1位于样本容器中的位置，并且，检测装置与传动机构通信连接。当检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针1的移动。本发明提供的采样装置，能够直接控制采样针1移动的位置，进而控制采样针1在样本容器中的位置。即，不需要通过样本容器架的不同深度的插入孔调节样本容器与采样针1的相对位置，可以通过传动机构及检测装置对采样针1位置的共同作用，直接调节采样针1对于不同类型的样本容器的移动值，使得采样针1能够移动至样本容器中的底部。因此，本发明提供的采样装置，不需要设置具有多个深度不同的插入孔的样本容器架及多个具有不同深度插入孔的样本容器架，仅需通过上述设置调节采样针1的移动值，即可完成采样针1对不同样本容器中样品的吸样操作，有效提高了使用者操作的方便程度。
在本实施例中，检测装置为压力检测装置；压力检测装置检测采样针1或样本容器的底部受到的压力变化，从而判断采样针1与样本容器的底部接触。即，通过采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触，使得采样针1及样本容器的接触位置相互挤压，进而使得与采样针1的连接部件及与样本容器的连接部件受到压力，通过对采样针1及其连接部件或样本容器及其连接部件的受压状态进行检测，即可得出采样针1与样本容器的底部接触的情况。
在本实施例中，压力检测装置用于检测采样针1受到的压力变化。压力检测装置包括：连接采样针1的连接端与传动机构的传动端的弹性连接装置4；能够在弹性连接装置4弹性变形时触发的检测机构3。
也可以将压力检测装置用于检测样本容器或其连接部件(如容器样本架)受到的压力变化。在此不再详细介绍且均在保护范围之内。
如图2所示，采样针1的连接端与弹性连接装置4连接的连接位置为第一连接位置，传动机构的传动端与弹性连接装置4连接的连接位置为第二连接位置；第一连接位置及第二连接位置中的一个连接位置上设置有检测机构3，第一连接位置及第二连接位置中的另一个连接位置上设置有触发检测机构3的触发件2。在采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触后，弹性连接装置4受力而压缩，检测机构3与触发件2相互靠近，使得触发件2触发检测机构3，进而得到采样针1与样本容器的底部接触的结果，使得控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针1的移动。
优选地，出于提高精确度的设计，检测机构3为光耦检测机构；触发件2为用于遮挡检测机构3检测端的挡板。当挡板遮挡光耦检测机构的检测位置后，检测机构3触发。
也可以将检测机构3设置为轻触开关，触发件2为按压轻触开关的按压件。
如图4所示，为了提高结构稳定性，弹性连接装置4为弹簧；传动机构的传动端设置有第一固定柱7，第一固定柱7套设于弹簧的一端内；采样针1的连接端设置有第二固定柱8，第二固定柱8套设于弹簧的另一端内。
本实施例中，第一固定柱7与第二固定柱8相互套设。通过上述设置，有效提高了采样针1在受到压力(采样针1与样本容器的底部接触)并挤压弹性连接装置4时，第一固定柱7与第二固定柱8相对收缩的稳定性。
进一步地，为了避免第一固定柱7与第二固定柱8相对分离，还包括定位结构9，定位结构9包括连接柱及头部，连接柱与第二固定柱8相互固定并穿过第一固定柱7的内孔；头部与第一固定柱7远离第二固定柱8的一侧定位配合，进而有效避免了第一固定柱7与第二固定柱8相对分离。
其中，采样针1同样与定位结构9固定连接。其中，连接柱与第二固定柱 8螺纹固定。
检测装置为能够检测电学特性变化的电学特性检测装置。其中，上述电学特性变化可以为电流或电压等的变化。进一步地，检测装置为能够检测电路中阻抗值变化的阻抗检测装置。
其中，传动机构包括用于驱动采样针1移动的驱动装置，驱动装置为通电驱动装置；检测装置检测的电路可以为通电驱动装置中的电路。由于在采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，采样针1的运动收到阻碍，进而使得驱动采样针1运动的通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化。由于在采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化。因此，可以通过检测通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化，进而判断采样针1是否与样本容器的底部接触。
可以理解的是，在具有电阻、电感和电容的电路里，对电路中的电流所起的阻碍作用叫做阻抗。阻抗常用Z表示，是一个复数，实部称为电阻，虚部称为电抗。其中，电容在电路中对交流电所起的阻碍作用称为容抗,电感在电路中对交流电所起的阻碍作用称为感抗，电容和电感在电路中对交流电引起的阻碍作用总称为电抗。上述电路中阻抗值变化可以为容抗的变化、感抗的变化或电抗的变化。
也可以将电路设置为连接采样针1与样本容器之间的连接电路，阻抗检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器之间的阻抗值变化，以确定采样针1与样本容器的底部接触。即，采样针1与样本容器的底部接触，连接电路中的电阻、电感或电容对电路中的电流所起的阻碍发生改变，产生相应的阻抗值变化。
在本实施例中，上述阻抗为阻抗电流。因此，阻抗检测装置为电流检测装置。即，驱动装置带动采样针1移动，在采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，驱动装置的驱动端会受到采样针1传递过来的阻力。由于驱动装置为通电驱动装置(如电机或气缸等)，因此，在通电驱动装置的运行受阻(受到采样针1传递过来的阻力)后，通电驱动装置的电流(阻抗电流)会产生变化。通过电流检测装置对通电驱动装置的电流检测，可以得出采样针1是否与样本容器的底部接触，进而得出采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触的判断。
也可以使上述阻抗为阻抗电压。因此，阻抗检测装置为电压检测装置。即， 在驱动装置带动采样针1移动，在采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，驱动装置的驱动端会受到采样针1传递过来的阻力。由于驱动装置为通电驱动装置(如电机或气缸等)，因此，在通电驱动装置的运行受阻(受到采样针1传递过来的阻力)后，通电驱动装置的电压(阻抗电压)会产生变化。通过电压检测装置对通电驱动装置的电压检测，可以得出采样针1是否与样本容器的底部接触，进而得出采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触的判断。
检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构停止采样针1的移动，然后控制采样针1进行吸样操作。通过上述设置，使得采样针1与样本容器底部接触后吸样。
为了便于吸样，底部区域为距离样本容器中的底部预定距离的位置，检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构驱动采样针1停止移动，并控制采样针1反向移动预定距离后停止采样针1的移动，再控制采样针1进行吸样操作。通过上述设置，使得采样针1的吸样端部与样本容器中的底部之间存在间隙(间隙尺寸由预定距离而定)，以便于吸样操作。其中，上述间隙的取值范围可以为1mm-5mm。具体地，可以为1mm、2mm、2.5mm、4mm等。
在第三种实施例中，检测装置为能够检测采样针1在样本容器内位置的位置传感器。即，直接通过位置传感器检测采样针1在样本容器内的位置，并且，在采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触时，停止采样针1的移动。该位置传感器可以为红外检测器等，仅需能够检测采样针1在样本容器内的位置并且不破坏样本容器内的样本即可。
如图2所示，在本实施例中，传动机构包括：驱动装置5；由驱动装置5驱动的传动带装置6；与传动带装置6的传动带表面连接的连接件，连接件与采样针1的连接端连接。通过上述设置，驱动装置5运行，即可带动采样针1移动。
在另一种实施例中，传动机构包括：驱动装置；由驱动装置驱动的螺杆结构；与螺杆结构螺纹配合的螺母结构，螺母结构与采样针1的连接端连接。通过上述设置，有效提高了采样针1移动的平稳性。
还可以将传动机构设置为其他结构，如直线电机或液压缸等。在此不再详细说明且均在保护范围之内。
如图5所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种样本分析仪，包括样本容器架300及采样装置100，样本容器架300固定设置于样本分析仪的仪器架400上；采样装置100为如上述任一种采样装置。由于上述采样装置具有上述技术效果，具有上述采样装置的样本分析仪也应具有同样的技术效果，在此不再一一累述。
其中，样本容器安装于样本容器架300中，然后控制采样装置100的采样针1对样本容器架300上的样本容器进行采样。
如图6所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种采样方法，包括：
S1：驱动采样针1在样本容器内移动；
S2：检测采样针1位于所述样本容器中的位置，当采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触时，采样针1停止移动；
S3：通过采样针1对样本容器中的样品进行吸样。
本发明实施例提供的采样方法，采样针1在样本容器内移动。检测采样针1位于样本容器中的位置，当检测采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触时，采样针1停止移动。通过上述设置，不需要通过样本容器架的不同深度的插入孔调节样本容器与采样针1的相对位置，通过采样针1的移动及停止，直接调节采样针1对于不同类型的样本容器的移动值，使得采样针1能够移动至不同类型的样本容器中的底部，以便完成采样针1对不同样本容器中样品的吸样操作，有效提高了使用者操作的方便程度。
在第一种实施例中，步骤S2中，检测采样针1或样本容器的底部受到的压力值，从而判断采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触。当采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，采样针1与样本容器的底部相互挤压，使得采样针1或样本容器的底部受到的压力值变化，从而判断采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触。即，将采样针1受到的压力作为停止采样针1移动的依据，以便于确保采样针1到达样本容器的底部后停止。
在第二种实施例中，步骤S2中，检测采样针1或样本容器的底部之间的 阻抗值，从而判断采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触。将采样针1与样本容器之间连接有连接电路，阻抗检测装置检测采样针1与样本容器之间的阻抗值变化，以确定采样针1与样本容器的底部接触。即，采样针1与样本容器的底部接触，连接电路中的电阻、电感或电容对电路中的电流所起的阻碍发生改变，产生相应的阻抗值变化。
在第三种实施例中，步骤S2中，检测驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置中的电路的阻抗值，从而判断采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触。采样针1与所本容器的底部接触时，驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化，从而判断采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触。可以理解的是，通电驱动装置带动采样针1移动，在采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，通电驱动装置的驱动端会受到采样针1传递过来的阻力；在通电驱动装置的运行受阻(受到采样针1传递过来的阻力)后，通电驱动装置的电流会产生变化，通过对通电驱动装置的电流检测，可以得出采样针1是否与样本容器的底部接触，进而得出采样针1是否与样本容器中的底部接触的判断。
为了避免采样针1直接与样本容器的底部接触后不便于采样针1吸样，步骤S2与步骤S3之间，还包括步骤23：将采样针1反向移动一定距离。通过上述设置，使得采样针1离开样本容器的底部一定距离，进而使得采样针1的吸样口与样本容器的底部之间存在一定间隙，该间隙由采样针1反向移动的距离而定。通过间隙，方便采样针1吸样。
在第三种实施例中，步骤2中，直接检测采样针1在样本容器中的位置变化，当采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，采样针1停止移动。通过直接对采样针1位于样本容器中的位置进行检测，以便于更直观的了解采样针1的运动位置。其中，用于检测的装置可以为红外检测器或其他距离检测装置。
为了确保检测精度，步骤S2中，实时检测采样针1位于样本容器中的位置。
也可以并不实时检测采样针1的位置，如，步骤S2中，采样针1移动预设距离后检测采样针1位于样本容器中的位置；当采样针1没有与样本容器中的底部接触时，继续驱动采样针1移动预设距离，并重新检测采样针1位于样 本容器中的位置。
其中，预设距离的具体数值可以依据采样针1的尺寸或样本容器的尺寸而定。
在样本容器中，存在开盖的样本容器及闭盖的样本容器。开盖的样本容器为敞口形样本容器，其朝向采样针1的一端具有开口，采样针1可以直接通过该开口进入样本容器中。而闭盖的样本容器包括样本盖，样本盖盖在样本容器的开口处，采样针1需要贯穿样本盖后才能进入样本容器。因此，在对闭盖的样本容器进行检测时，采样针1存在与实体结构(样本盖)接触的情况，即，在采样针1没有与样本容器中的底部接触前，无论采样针1的压力还是驱动采样针1运行的通电驱动装置的电流，均存在改变的情况。
因此，需要对运行模式进行区分。
在本实施例中，样本容器为开盖的样本容器，运行开盖模式。采样针1与样本容器的底部接触时，受到的压力值变化或驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化；步骤2中，当检测到压力值变化或阻抗值变化，判断采样针1与样本容器中的底部接触，采样针1停止移动。
而在样本容器为闭盖的样本容器的状态下，运行闭盖模式。
采样针1与样本容器的样本盖及底部接触时，受到的压力值变化或驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置电路中的阻抗值变化；步骤S2中，当检测到第一次压力值变化或阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的样本盖接触，采样针1继续运动并贯穿样本盖；当检测到第二次压力值变化或阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的底部接触，采样针1停止移动。
可以理解的是，在上述三种实施例中：第一种实施例中，检测采样针1或样本容器的底部受到的压力值；第一种实施例中，检测采样针1或样本容器的底部之间的阻抗值；第三种实施例中，检测驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置中的电路的阻抗值。
因此，与上述实施例对应，当应用第一种实施例时，步骤S2中，当检测到第一次压力值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的样本盖接触，采样针1继续运动并贯穿样本盖；当检测到第二次压力值变化时，判断采样针1与样本 容器的底部接触，采样针1停止移动。其中，压力值为采样针1或样本容器的底部受到的压力值。当应用第二种实施例时，步骤S2中，当检测到第一次阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的样本盖接触，采样针1继续运动并贯穿样本盖；当检测到第二次阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的底部接触，采样针1停止移动。其中，阻抗为采样针1或样本容器的底部之间的阻抗值。当应用第三种实施例时，步骤S2中，当检测到第一次阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的样本盖接触，采样针1继续运动并贯穿样本盖；当检测到第二次阻抗值变化时，判断采样针1与样本容器的底部接触，采样针1停止移动。其中，阻抗为驱动采样针1移动的通电驱动装置中的电路的阻抗值。可以理解的是，这里说的变化还可以理解为某个阈值，因为采样针在穿刺过程中受到的压力值可能会在某个小范围内变化，但总体上保持稳定，但超过该阈值后才判断是采样针的状态发生变化。
其中，在采样针1移动过程中，采样针1与实体部件(样本盖或样本容器的底部)接触时，会引起采样针1及实体部件受到的压力的变化。因此，上述压力值变化，可以为采样针1受到的压力值变化，也可以为样本容器架受到的压力值变换。
为了避免样本混淆，步骤3之后还包括步骤4：使采样针1复位并清洗采样针1。通过上述设置，有效提高了检测精度。
其中，本发明实施例提供的采样方法可以选择运行开盖模式及运行闭盖模式。因此，在采样过程中，需要判断运行模式。即，判断样本容器为开盖的样本容器还是闭盖的样本容器。该判断可以为图像检测，即通过图像检测对样本容器进行观察，判断为开盖的样本容器时，运行开盖模式；判断为闭盖的样本容器时，运行闭盖模式。也可以人工观察样本容器的类型，并通过人工设定选择相应的模式。还可以在开盖的样本容器及闭盖的样本容器上设置不同的识别码，通过扫码认证进行不同运行模式的选择。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本 发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种采样装置，其特征在于，包括：
    采样针(1)；
    与所述采样针(1)连接，用于驱动所述采样针(1)在样本容器内移动的传动机构；
    检测装置，用于检测所述采样针(1)是否与所述样本容器的底部接触，所述检测装置与所述传动机构通信连接；
    控制装置，当所述检测装置检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器中的底部接触时，所述控制装置控制所述传动机构停止所述采样针(1)的移动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置为压力检测装置；
    压力检测装置检测所述采样针(1)或所述样本容器的底部受到的压力变化，从而判断所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器的底部接触。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述压力检测装置包括：
    连接所述采样针(1)的连接端与所述传动机构的传动端的弹性连接装置(4)；
    能够在所述弹性连接装置(4)弹性变形时触发的检测机构(3)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述采样针(1)的连接端与所述弹性连接装置(4)连接的连接位置为第一连接位置，所述传动机构的传动端与所述弹性连接装置(4)连接的连接位置为第二连接位置；
    所述第一连接位置及所述第二连接位置中的一个连接位置上设置有所述检测机构(3)，所述第一连接位置及所述第二连接位置中的另一个连接位置上设置有触发所述检测机构(3)的触发件(2)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测机构(3)为光耦检测机构；
    所述触发件(2)为用于遮挡所述检测机构(3)检测端的挡板。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述弹性连接装置(4) 为弹簧；
    所述传动机构的传动端设置有第一固定柱(7)，所述第一固定柱(7)套设于所述弹簧的一端内；
    所述采样针(1)的连接端设置有第二固定柱(8)，所述第二固定柱(8)套设于所述弹簧的另一端内。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述第一固定柱(7)与所述第二固定柱(8)相互套设。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置为能够检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器之间的电学特性变化的电学特性检测装置。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置为能够检测电路中阻抗值变化的阻抗检测装置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括用于驱动所述采样针(1)移动的驱动装置，驱动装置为通电驱动装置；所述电路为通电驱动装置中的电路；
    或，所述电路为连接所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器之间的连接电路，所述阻抗检测装置检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器之间的阻抗值变化，以确定所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器的底部接触。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器底部接触时，控制装置控制所述传动机构停止所述采样针(1)的移动，所述采样针(1)进行吸样操作；
    或者，所述检测装置检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器底部接触时，控制装置控制传动机构驱动所述采样针(1)停止移动，所述采样针(1)反向移动预定距离后进行吸样操作。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置为能够检测所述采样针在所述样本容器内位置的位置传感器。
  13. 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的采样装置，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括：
    驱动装置(5)；由所述驱动装置(5)驱动的传动带装置(6)；与所述传 动带装置(6)的传动带表面连接的连接件，所述连接件与所述采样针(1)的连接端连接；
    或，驱动装置；由所述驱动装置驱动的螺杆结构；与所述螺杆结构螺纹配合的螺母结构，所述螺母结构与所述采样针(1)的连接端连接。
  14. 一种样本分析仪，包括样本容器架及采样装置，其特征在于，所述样本容器架固定设置于所述样本分析仪的仪器架上；
    所述采样装置为如权利要求1-13任一项所述的采样装置。
  15. 一种采样方法，其特征在于，包括：
    1)驱动采样针(1)在样本容器内移动；
    2)检测所述采样针(1)位于所述样本容器中的位置，当检测到所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器底部接触时，所述采样针(1)停止移动；
    3)通过所述采样针(1)对所述样本容器中的样品进行吸样。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的采样方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，检测所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器的底部之间的阻抗值，从而判断所述采样针(1)是否与所述样本容器中的底部接触；
    或，检测驱动所述采样针(1)移动的通电驱动装置中的电路的阻抗值，从而判断所述采样针(1)是否与所述样本容器中的底部接触；
    或，所述采样针(1)或所述样本容器的底部受到的压力值，从而判断所述采样针(1)是否与所述样本容器中的底部接触。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的采样方法，其特征在于，步骤2)与所述步骤3)之间，还包括步骤23)：将所述采样针(1)反向移动预设距离。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的采样方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，直接检测所述采样针(1)在所述样本容器中的位置变化，当检测得到所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器中的底部接触时，所述采样针(1)停止移动。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的采样方法，其特征在于，
    步骤2)中，实时检测所述采样针(1)位于所述样本容器中的位置；
    或，步骤2)中，所述采样针(1)移动预设距离后检测所述采样针(1)位于所述样本容器中的位置；当所述采样针(1)未与所述样本容器底部接触， 继续驱动所述采样针(1)向下移动直至所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器底部接触。
  20. 如权利要求16任一项所述的采样方法，其特征在于，所述样本容器为闭盖的样本容器，运行闭盖模式；
    所述步骤2)中，当检测到第一次压力值变化或阻抗值变化时，判断所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器的样本盖接触，所述采样针(1)继续运动并贯穿所述样本盖；当检测到第二次压力值变化或阻抗值变化时，判断所述采样针(1)与所述样本容器底部接触，所述采样针(1)停止移动。
  21. 如权利要求15所述的采样方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)之后还包括步骤4)：使所述采样针(1)复位并清洗所述采样针(1)。
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