WO2020054889A1 - Électrolyte polymère solide, structure d'électrode et dispositif électrochimique le comprenant, et procédé destiné à produire une pellicule d'électrolyte polymère solide - Google Patents
Électrolyte polymère solide, structure d'électrode et dispositif électrochimique le comprenant, et procédé destiné à produire une pellicule d'électrolyte polymère solide Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- It relates to a solid polymer electrolyte, an electrode structure and an electrochemical device comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a polymer protective layer for suppressing (dendrite) is additionally required.
- the protective film an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte is mainly used, and a polyethylene oxide (PEO) -based polymer is mainly applied for research.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the thermal properties of the polymer itself and low ionic conductivity have little effect as a protective film, and there is a problem that the polymer itself may be damaged by dentrite.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane other than PEO is used as a protective membrane, but a protective membrane having improved properties has not been developed.
- polymer electrolyte membranes that have been under research so far include PEO series, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) series, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PEO series polyvinyl acetate
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the ion conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of the polymer is difficult to expect due to the high crystallinity of the polymer itself and the lack of flexibility of the polymer.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte having high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength in a wide temperature range including room temperature.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrode structure to which the solid polymer electrolyte is applied.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device to which the solid polymer electrolyte is applied.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane using the solid polymer electrolyte.
- a copolymer of a crosslinkable monomer comprising an ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and a silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer;
- Lithium metal electrodes Lithium metal electrodes; And a protective film including the solid polymer electrolyte disposed on the lithium metal electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery including the electrode structure is provided.
- a method of manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a.
- the solid polymer electrolyte according to an embodiment has a level of ionic conductivity (> 10 -5 S / cm) that can be used as a battery material at room temperature, and has excellent mechanical properties of a free standing level.
- the solid polymer electrolyte may be directly coated on a free standing film or a lithium metal electrode and then molded into a protective film to be used in an electrochemical device such as a high-density high energy lithium metal battery.
- an electrochemical device such as a high-density high energy lithium metal battery.
- the solid polymer electrolyte unlike an electrolyte using a liquid electrolyte, there is no leakage, there are no electrochemical side reactions and electrolyte decomposition reactions occurring at the cathode and the anode, and battery characteristics can be improved and stability can be secured.
- Example 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the ionic conductivity according to the temperature of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane prepared in Example 1 and Example 4.
- substitution means at least one hydrogen atom is a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I), C1 to C20 alkoxy group, nitro group, cyano group, amino group, imino group, azido group, Amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono group, carbonyl group, carbamyl group, thiol group, ester group, carboxyl group or salt thereof, sulfonic acid group or salt thereof, phosphoric acid or salt thereof, C1 to C20 alkyl group, C2 to C20 alkenyl group, C2 to C20 alkynyl group, C6 to C20 aryl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, C2 to C20 heterocycloalkyl group, C2 to C20 heterocycloalkenyl group , C2 to C20 heterocycl
- hetero means that at least one hetero atom of N, O, S, and P is included in the formula.
- (meth) acrylate means that both “acrylate” and “methacrylate” are possible
- (meth) acrylic acid means “acrylic acid” and “methacrylic acid. “It means both are possible.
- Solid polymer electrolyte according to one embodiment,
- a copolymer of a crosslinkable monomer comprising an ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and a silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer;
- Lithium salts Lithium salts.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is a crosslinkable monomer, and includes a copolymer crosslinked with an ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and a silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer, and a lithium salt, thereby controlling the crystallinity of the polymer to be amorphous. It can maintain the state and improve the ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties.
- the crosslinked matrix prepared by using the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer as the main skeleton has very low crystallization of the polymer itself and is caused by segmental motion of the polymer in the amorphous region inside. Lithium ions can be freely moved to improve ion conductivity.
- the polymer cross-linked structure can improve the high mechanical properties of the copolymer itself, thereby producing a free standing level solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer among the crosslinkable monomers is one of the main components forming a polymer matrix of a solid polymer electrolyte.
- the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer includes a multifunctional functional group having a crosslinkable functional group of 3 or more.
- the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomers are ethoxylated pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and ethoxylated dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate , At least one selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate You can.
- the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer may be represented by Formula 1 below.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkenyl group , Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C7-C30 arylalkyl group, Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C30 carbon A cyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1
- x, y, z, and w are each independently an integer of 1 to 3.
- the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 has four crosslinkable functional groups and can secure higher mechanical strength when crosslinking.
- R 1 to R 4 may be hydrogen.
- x, y, z, and w are each the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide according to ethoxylation, and are each independently an integer of 1 to 3.
- the values of x, y, z, and w are 4 or more, the molecular weight is relatively too large, and the crosslinking reaction is slow due to the increase in viscosity of the monomer or there is a possibility of remaining unreacted material, so less than 4 is preferred.
- the sum of x, y, z, and w may be 4 ⁇ x + y + z + w ⁇ 6.
- the viscosity of the monomer in the above range is a more appropriate level, and thus a crosslinking reaction can occur smoothly.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkenyl group , Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C7-C30 arylalkyl group, Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C30 carbon A cyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1
- n is an integer from 1 to 4.
- n is the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide according to ethoxylation, and n may be an integer from 1 to 4.
- n may be an integer from 1 to 4.
- n may be 1.
- the silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 2a.
- n is an integer from 1 to 4.
- n may be an integer from 1 to 3.
- silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer examples include 3- (trimethoxysilyl) methyl acrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) ethyl acrylate, and 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl acrylic Rate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) methyl methacrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) ethyl methacrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) methyl Acrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl acrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl acrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) methyl methacrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) ethyl methacrylate Acrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 3- [tri
- the weight ratio of the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and the silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer may range from 100: 1 to 1: 1.
- the weight ratio of the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and the silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer may range from 10: 1 to 1: 1.
- the weight ratio of the ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and the silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer may range from 5: 1 to 1: 1. In the above range
- the copolymer of the solid polymer electrolyte may further add and copolymerize an oligomer together with the crosslinkable monomer to improve segmental motion of the polymer of the polymer matrix.
- the oligomer is added, the flexibility of the chain of the polymer is improved and the interaction between the ions and the polymer is facilitated by the oligomer of the small molecule compared to the polymer, so that the movement of lithium ions can be made faster, thereby the ion conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte. Can be further improved.
- the oligomer usable with the crosslinkable monomer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 200 to 600.
- the oligomer may include ether-based, acrylate-based, ketone-based or combinations thereof.
- the oligomer may be an alkyl group, an allyl group, a carboxyl group, or a combination thereof. This is because these functional groups are not reactive with lithium metal and are electrochemically stable.
- a structure in which -OH, -COOH, or -SO 3 H is included in the terminal group is not suitable. This is because these end groups are reactive with lithium metal and are not electrochemically stable.
- oligomer for example, PEG-based diglyme (di-ethylelen glycol), triglyme (tri-ethylelen glycol), tetraglyme (tetra ethylene glycol), or the like can be used.
- the amount of the oligomer added may be 1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crosslinkable monomer. In the above range, the properties of the polymer itself and the crosslinked matrix are not loosened, and the mechanical strength, heat resistance, and chemical stability of the polymer can be maintained, and the shape of the polymer film can be stably maintained even at high temperatures.
- Lithium salt serves to secure the ion conduction pathway of the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the lithium salt may be used without limitation as long as it is commonly used in the art.
- lithium salts include LiSCN, LiN (CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiSbF 6 , LiPF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 It may include one or more selected, but is not limited thereto.
- the content of the lithium salt contained in the solid polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1% to 50% by weight of the total weight of the copolymer and the lithium salt.
- the content of the lithium salt may be 5% to 50% by weight of the total weight of the copolymer and the lithium salt, specifically 10% to 30% by weight. In the above range, lithium ion mobility and ion conductivity may be excellent.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is a crosslinkable monomer, and includes a copolymer crosslinked with an ethoxylated pentaerythritol acrylate-based first monomer and a silyl group-containing acrylate-based second monomer, and a lithium salt, thereby controlling the crystallinity of the polymer to be amorphous. It can maintain the state and improve the ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties. In addition, the polymer cross-linked structure can improve the high mechanical properties of the copolymer itself, thereby producing a free standing level solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the ion conductivity ( ⁇ ) of the solid polymer electrolyte may be 1 x 10 -5 S / cm to 1 x 10 -3 S / cm at room temperature and in a temperature range of 25 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the solid polymer electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical strength and can implement an electrolyte membrane that can be used in electrochemical devices such as high-density high-energy lithium secondary batteries using lithium metal electrodes.
- electrochemical devices such as high-density high-energy lithium secondary batteries using lithium metal electrodes.
- the solid polymer electrolyte there is no leakage, there is no electrochemical side reaction occurring at the cathode and the anode, and unlike the electrolyte using the liquid electrolyte, there is no electrolyte decomposition reaction, and battery characteristics can be improved and stability can be secured.
- the lithium metal electrode may include lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy.
- the lithium metal or lithium metal alloy used as the lithium metal electrode has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less, for example, 80 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less, or 30 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or less. According to another embodiment, the thickness of the lithium metal electrode is 0.1 to 60 ⁇ m. Specifically, the thickness of the lithium metal or lithium metal alloy is 1 to 25 ⁇ m, for example, 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the elements Y are Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, or a combination thereof.
- the metal / semimetal oxide capable of alloying with the lithium metal may be lithium titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, SnO 2 , SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), or the like.
- the electrochemical device may be a lithium secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium air battery, a lithium solid-state battery, and the like.
- a lithium secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium air battery, a lithium solid-state battery, and the like.
- the method of applying the precursor solution in the form of a film is various and is not particularly limited.
- the precursor solution may be injected between two glass plates, and a clamp may be applied to the glass plate to apply a constant pressure to control the thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
- the precursor solution may be directly coated on a lithium metal electrode using an application device such as spin coating to form a thin film having a predetermined thickness.
- a curing method using heat, UV or high energy radiation may be used.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane may be prepared by directly irradiating UV to the precursor solution.
- an initiator BEE (Benzoin ethyl ether, Sigma-Aldrich, 240.30 g / mol) was added at 1% based on the total weight of the mixture, followed by stirring and mixing to prepare a gel precursor solution.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by performing the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the content of the crosslinkable monomer was changed to TETA 6g and TMSPMA 6g.
- the gel precursor solution prepared in Example 1 was prepared by using a spin coating rather than pressing between the glass plates in Example 1 to prepare a thin film solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the thickness of the thus prepared film may be applied for a protective film of a lithium metal electrode at a level of about 10 m, and the ion conductivity of the film is unchanged compared to that produced by the compression method of Example 1.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane made of PEO (MW 1,000,000) to a thickness of 30 m was used as a comparative example.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Comparative example TETA / TMSPMA 10g / 2g 8g / 4g 6g / 6g PEO Room temperature ion conductivity 6.40E-06 8.50E-06 1.00E-05 1.60E-07
- Example 1 is a graph measuring the ionic conductivity according to the temperature of the solid polymer electrolyte membranes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples under the same conditions.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un électrolyte polymère solide, une structure d'électrode le comprenant, un dispositif électrochimique le comprenant, et un procédé destiné à produire une pellicule d'électrolyte polymère solide. L'électrolyte polymère solide comprend : un copolymère de monomères réticulables incluant un premier monomère à base d'acrylate de pentaérythritol éthoxylé et un deuxième monomère à base d'acrylate contenant un groupe silyle ; et un sel de lithium. Ainsi, l'électrolyte polymère solide présente une conductivité d'ions et une résistance mécanique élevées dans une large plage de températures incluant la température ambiante, et peut améliorer et assurer les caractéristiques et la fiabilité de la batterie. L'électrolyte polymère solide peut être formé en tant que pellicule indépendante ou formé en tant que pellicule protectrice appliquée directement sur une électrode de lithium métallique, pour être utilisable dans un dispositif électrochimique tel qu'une batterie lithium-métal à haute densité à haute énergie.
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Cited By (2)
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CN113193235A (zh) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-30 | 清华大学 | 自修复聚合物电解质膜及其制备方法、电池 |
CN113789074A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-14 | 南京同宁新材料研究院有限公司 | 锂负极保护层及其制备方法和应用 |
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KR20180049949A (ko) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 방향족 고리를 포함하는 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 중합체 |
Cited By (3)
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CN113193235A (zh) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-30 | 清华大学 | 自修复聚合物电解质膜及其制备方法、电池 |
CN113789074A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-14 | 南京同宁新材料研究院有限公司 | 锂负极保护层及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113789074B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-08-26 | 南京同宁新材料研究院有限公司 | 锂负极保护层及其制备方法和应用 |
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