WO2020053462A1 - Batterie à connexion interne dynamique auto-gérée - Google Patents

Batterie à connexion interne dynamique auto-gérée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020053462A1
WO2020053462A1 PCT/ES2019/070595 ES2019070595W WO2020053462A1 WO 2020053462 A1 WO2020053462 A1 WO 2020053462A1 ES 2019070595 W ES2019070595 W ES 2019070595W WO 2020053462 A1 WO2020053462 A1 WO 2020053462A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
sub
batteries
switch
state
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PCT/ES2019/070595
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Félix PRADO PUEO
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Prado Pueo Felix
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Prado Pueo Felix filed Critical Prado Pueo Felix
Publication of WO2020053462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020053462A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a self-managed dynamic internal connection battery, made up of a large number of sub-batteries that change transiently and alternatively their state without affecting the service or state in which the battery is operating (charge, discharge or disconnection ); This is achieved through a dynamic internal switch connection network integrated into the battery itself. Obtaining as a result a substantial improvement both in the capacity of the battery and in the duration of its useful life.
  • the present invention has application in the electrochemical accumulator manufacturing industry.
  • Each battery model features a Voltage / Current V1 / I1 characteristic for a given charge / discharge state. Those values are equal to or smaller than those normally required by the receiving device to supply VR / IR Receiver Voltage / Receiver Current.
  • the solution consists in the construction of a battery made up of several batteries, or hundreds or even thousands of batteries depending on the VR / IR magnitude that from now on we will call sub-batteries.
  • the sub-battery pack that forms the conventional composite battery has a pair of poles or general terminals, said sub-batteries are connected directly or indirectly through other sub-batteries in the package to said poles.
  • All the sub-batteries that make up the battery will add their energy that will be transmitted to / from the outside of the package through the battery terminals.
  • a model of battery gives 3 V and 200 mA of accepted discharge, and we must feed a portable music equipment at 9V and 1 Ampere: 3 layers will be placed in series with 5 batteries in parallel in each layer, we will say that a provision has been made 5P-3S.
  • Charging by applying a voltage across the battery terminals higher than the voltage generated by the battery itself through a generator or external source, a charge or storage of energy is produced in the battery.
  • Discharge if we apply an external passive element between the battery terminals with a certain electrical conductivity and an opposite voltage lower than that generated by the battery, the energy stored in the battery is transferred to the external device.
  • the state of operation of the battery can be detected by the value of the current entering the battery through one of its poles:
  • the battery If there is an appreciable current entering the battery through the positive terminal, the battery is in a state of charge.
  • the “C” value or normalized capacity of a battery model represents the amp hours that a new battery is capable of supplying after a normal charge during a discharge with a normalized discharge current. This capacity decreases with time and the use of the battery until it is discarded due to the low real value "Cr". If the charge and / or discharge occurs with a current higher than the normalized this value may be lower, for example 0.9C, 90% of the value that would have been obtained if the discharge current were the normalized.
  • Battery life is the time that elapses between the first charge of the battery until its repeated use reduces its normalized discharge to a value less than or equal to 0.7xC. Battery life is defined by the manufacturer for operating conditions of standard loading and unloading. Increasing these currents or voltages will cause a substantial reduction in battery life.
  • the amplitude of the discharge current to which we subject a battery during its discharge is also expressed in relation to the ⁇ ’value that we have defined; a discharge with a current whose value is equal to the 'C' value will last just one hour, if the discharge of a car battery lasts 2.5 hours we will say that we have discharged the battery at an average current value of 0.4C.
  • the effectiveness or value of a battery will be expressed by the accumulated total of the ampere hours of all the discharges that have occurred throughout its life. When the charging and discharging conditions are more violent or extreme than the normalized ones, this effectiveness or value of the battery will be substantially reduced. Although these conditions far from the normalized ones are not recommended, nevertheless for many applications they are desirable or even inevitable. For example we need a very fast recharge to continue using the battery as it happens if we stop to refuel with a car and we need to follow the route. In the same example of the electric car, in overtaking, we may require a very intense discharge, or if we are climbing a steep long slope, the discharge rate will also be higher.
  • the patent RU2284076 uses the inversion of the charging current in a battery according to certain guidelines in five steps, so that in addition to avoiding the formation of electrolyte gases, the life of the battery is lengthened, as well as the duration of the process. load is significantly reduced, energy saving during the process, properties at startups are increased.
  • the application of this patent is intended for lead-acid batteries and at the time of charging, that is, external means are used for their charging that, connected to the poles, proceed to charge them according to certain steps, which is why it is limited as for a specific type of battery and requires external means and technique for its implementation, which complicates and makes the procedure more expensive.
  • all the embodiments of the battery can be equipped with at least one unit for measuring the connected cell voltage or that can be connected with the battery cells, which is configured to determine a cell voltage from the battery cells and to transmit it to the controller.
  • the controller is configured in this case to choose a battery cell with a maximum cell voltage and to transfer a charge from the chosen battery cell to another battery cell by means of an adequate emission of first and second control signals (or possibly third ) control signals. That is, it consists of equalizing voltages between adjacent cells, but without reaching a transient inversion of the current that would take advantage of the advantages described.
  • the present self-managed dynamic connection battery is advocated, in which as we have said it starts from a multiplicity of sub -batteries, connected in series and / or parallel, but instead of establishing a fixed or static connection as in a conventional battery, we place at least one switch in series with each of the sub-batteries.
  • This switch will have a terminal connected to one pole of the sub-battery and the other to the conductive plate with which the aforementioned pole of the sub-battery would be connected or welded to a conventional battery, thus, according to its state, the switch may interrupt or not the sub-battery connection.
  • a CP (i) layer of sub-batteries in parallel where ⁇ takes values between y's', by definition of parallel connection, is created by electrically connecting or bridging all the positive poles of the sub-batteries by means of a conductive cable or conductive board PC (i-1) (from now on we will say conductive board), and connecting or electrically bridging with another conductive board PC (i) all negative poles.
  • the CP (i) layer of sub-batteries is formed by ⁇ SB (i, j) / where'j 'takes values between y p' and delimited by the conductive plates PC (i-1) and PC (i).
  • the conductive plate of the positive poles of the CP layer (1) will be the PC (0) which is the positive pole of the battery.
  • the conductive plate of the negative poles of the last CP layer (s) will be the PC (s) that will be the negative pole of the battery.
  • the battery is treated as an electrical device or circuit, for this reason although the assembly of the sub-batteries is done in clusters instead of being done in a matrix as presented in our model, we obtain the same equivalent circuit by bending conductors and displacing the electrical knots on the conductive plates and therefore we can equally apply our matrix model and explanations to any assembly in clusters of sub-batteries.
  • the battery composed of sub-batteries as we have indicated has a pair of poles or terminals whose voltage / current will define their status as: charge, discharge or disconnection.
  • Each sub-battery has a pair of poles or terminals whose voltage / current will define its status as: charge, discharge or disconnection.
  • the state of the composite battery will match the state of its component sub-batteries.
  • a particular sub-battery may adopt a different state from that of the battery without appreciably affecting it.
  • the internal dynamic connection network defined in this document follows strategies for connecting / disconnecting the sub-batteries that improve the fundamental characteristics of the sub-batteries and consequently improve the capacity characteristics and duration of the battery life.
  • This network is made up of the conductive cables or plates, the on / off switches and the sub-batteries themselves.
  • the effect sought with the dynamic connection of the sub-batteries is to temporarily change the state in which each of the sub-batteries is operating in a group, repeating this action cyclically we will have acted in due course with each of the sub -batteries with the benefit that each transitory alteration reports to each sub-battery status, and as a consequence improving the capacity characteristics and duration of the battery life without affecting or interrupting its operations.
  • the amount of ampere-hours associated with the transient changes in state is configured in a range that goes from 0% (deactivated) to 10% of the value "C" or normalized capacity of the sub-battery defined above, with times of cycle less than 15 minutes.
  • the extraction / contribution of ampere hours during the short transient reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the amperes hour of the 'C' value of the sub-battery.
  • the extraction / contribution of ampere hours during the short transient reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the ampere hour of the 'C' value of the sub-battery.
  • the non-supply / extraction of ampere hours per disconnection during the short transitory reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the amp hours from the 'C' value of the sub-battery.
  • Each sub-battery may be an elementary battery in the sense that it is not made up of other sub-batteries, or on the contrary be constituted in turn by a sub-battery pack of composition s 'p'.
  • This design adjustment one battery per secondary switch or several with a single secondary switch
  • each sub-battery has at least one switch in series. As a general implementation it is understood that,
  • the switch that allows the state of a particular sub-battery to be altered can be connected to its negative or positive pole (on one side or the other).
  • the switch that allows the state of a particular sub-battery to be altered can be connected to its negative or positive pole (on one side or the other).
  • disconnection to the negative pole is not appropriate, and in the first layer that connects directly to the positive pole of the battery, disconnection of the pole is not appropriate. positive of the sub-batteries that form it. It is for this reason that from here we will refer to the general layer ⁇ with disconnection of negatives and in the general layer ‘k ’with disconnection of positive poles.
  • each SB sub-battery (i, j) will have an ISX series switch (i, j) so that when the switch is closed, the sub-battery will be connected and act as in a conventional battery operating in the same state as the battery. to which it belongs, while the ISX switch (i, j) is open, the sub battery SB (i, j) will be disconnected.
  • This disconnection is performed cyclically and alternatively, -not with all the switches open at the same time but with a uniform distribution in time-, running through the SB (i, j) sub-batteries in each cycle, so that the temporary cyclical disconnection transiently changes the state of each of the SB (i, j) sub-batteries to a disconnected state without altering the service or state of the battery. That is, by performing this disconnection when the battery is active (charge or discharge), we can say that the state of each of the sub-batteries has been changed temporarily (for a moment) to a state of discharge acting on its negative pole. .
  • a new associated local discharge switch ISD (i, j) is incorporated with a terminal connected to the same pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) to which ISX is connected ( i, j) and the other terminal is connected to the other pole of the same SB sub-battery (ij)) to which ISX (i, j) is connected and the other terminal:
  • the other ISD terminal (i, j) will be connected to the positive pole of the same SB (ij) sub-battery (PC board (i -1)) or any previous sub-battery SB ((i-1, j), SB (i-2, j) ... (Decks PC (i-2), PC (i-3) ... ).
  • a local charge ISC switch (ij) associated with it is incorporated with a terminal connected to the same pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) to which it is connected ISX (i, j) and the other terminal is connected to:
  • the other ISC terminal (i, j) is connected to the negative pole of a sub-battery of the next layer, that is to say to the plate PC (i + 1) or later PC (i + 2), PC (i + 3) ...
  • the other ISC terminal (i, j) is connected to the positive pole of a sub-battery of the preceding layer, that is to say to the plate PC (i-2) or earlier PC (i-3), PC (i-4).
  • ISX (i, j) closed and ISC (i, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the control will never adopt. That is, the MCU that governs the battery connection does not allow the ISX (i, j) and ISD (i, j) switch to be closed at the same time.
  • CP (k) layer of sub-batteries that is not the first or CP (1):
  • each SB sub-battery (kj) will have an ISX series switch (k, j) which, when closed, the sub-battery will be connected and will act as in a conventional battery operating in the same state as the compound battery to which belongs, while open ISX switch (k, j), the SB sub-battery (kj) will be disconnected.
  • This transient disconnection will act alternately (not with all at once) on all the SB (k, j) sub-batteries. Making this disconnection when the battery is active (charge or discharge) we can say that the state of each of the sub-batteries has been changed temporarily (for a moment) acting on its positive pole.
  • ISX (k, j) closed and ISD (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the control will never adopt.
  • ISX (k, j) closed and ISC (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited short circuit state that the MCU control will never adopt.
  • ISC (kJ) closed and ISD (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the MCU control will never adopt.
  • the self-managed internal dynamic connection battery acts this transient charge and alternatively with a more or less uniform distribution in time on all the SB (i, j) sub-batteries, performing this charge when the battery not in charge we will have changed temporarily (for a moment) the state of each of the sub-batteries to state of charge in each cycle.
  • the control of the switches is carried out by at least one micro-controller unit (from now on -MCU) or equivalent logic that will have digital output channels for their activation / deactivation following the explained strategy.
  • the MCU or equivalent logic detects the state of the battery by means of a current sensor through which it recognizes the state of charge; positive current at the positive terminal means battery in charge, negative current at positive terminal means battery in discharge, null current at positive terminal means battery disconnected.
  • the MCU or equivalent logic has software that executes the explained control actions of the switches with configurable control parameters: cycle time, time and type of transient to be applied to the sub-batteries for each state of the battery.
  • the MCU or equivalent logic includes analog input channels, through which it captures through which it captures the currents in the sub-batteries, either from a local shunt or from the switch itself, and the terminal voltages of the switches, since these Voltages will be a function of temperature and the current that passes through them, also having a temperature sensor and knowing the characteristic function of the switch model used, the MCU or equivalent logic will evaluate the current that is flowing through each and every time one of the sub-batteries.
  • this preferred option to be cheaper and simpler than the alternative option of incorporating current sensors or shunts, which would be another more precise option but more costly in constructive and economic terms.
  • the MCU or equivalent logic will include a configurable software or algorithm for disconnection or isolation of sub-batteries that due to their poor condition or risk status may have a negative impact or electrical contamination on the life and capacity of the battery.
  • connection / disconnection circuit An analysis of the connection / disconnection circuit has been carried out, with electrical switches, which facilitates the analysis through direct visual interpretation.
  • electrical switches are preferably They will be made using high performance, high reliability, low volume and low cost MOS-FET transistors to optimize the results of feasibility, safety and performance.
  • microcontroller units MCU microcontroller units
  • these MCUs as usual will include wired or wireless network connections.
  • the switch element has a certain internal resistance characteristic as a function of current and temperature, with this information measuring the switch voltage, the MCU microcontroller or equivalent logic will have an estimate of the current.
  • the MCU microcontroller or equivalent logic will have an estimate of the current.
  • a failure of a sub-battery in many cases causes collateral damage of interference and sometimes degenerative, with the available data the failure will be detected and isolated by means of the switch corresponding to the failed battery.
  • Our system will thus be fault tolerant. This capacity will add to the temporary reversal of states to once again extend the life and efficiency of our battery.
  • the computer performs the explained control, with the following parameters.
  • TCICLO every TCICLO seconds the state of the component battery is reversed.
  • IDB battery discharge / charge current in amps
  • EBATTERY volts generated by the battery in Volts.
  • VI N VERSA voltage to reverse the state in Volts.
  • PULSE duration of the reverse current pulse in seconds.
  • TPCQID percentage of inverse current compared to direct.
  • TPCQID / 100 * IDB * TCICLO (VINVERSA-EBATERIAj / RINTERNA * PULSO
  • the self-managed internal dynamic connection battery that is presented, provides multiple advantages over current batteries, such as:
  • Figure -1- shows a battery made up of a sub-battery pack with 'p' batteries in parallel per layer and a total of's' layers with a usual fixed connection according to the state of the art, in which represented two generic layers CP (i) and CP (k) and their respective neighbors CP (i + 1) and CP (k-1).
  • Figure -2- shows the battery with a general implementation object of the present invention
  • Figure -3 shows the battery with a simple specific implementation of laboratory, for the evaluation of the results or benefits achieved by the present invention.
  • Figure -4- shows a graph of a record of the discharge capacity of a battery object of the present invention in relation to a battery according to the state of the art as well as one, according to results obtained in the laboratory by implementing the figure -3
  • the evaluation prototype for a simpler and more direct execution has been assembled by direct wiring of electro-mechanical relays, thus avoiding the need for printed circuits.
  • the CP (i) sub-battery layer represents the reversal of transient states by altering the connections of the negative poles of the sub-batteries and is applicable to any layer other than the last one.
  • the CP (k) sub-battery layer represents reversal of transient states by changing the connection of the positive poles of the sub-batteries and is applicable to any layer other than the first layer.
  • the computer activated contacts (20) place the batteries in charge from the source (22) configured at 4.2V maximum voltage and 8.84 amps maximum current.
  • the contacts (21) activated by computer place the batteries in discharge through the resistance (23) that causes a discharge at an average current of 1.31C.
  • the computer-activated 2-position contact (24) places the treated battery (11) in transient charge when the contact (21) is activated through the power supply (25) configured at 7.2 V maximum voltage and 40 amps of maximum current, and in transient short-circuit discharge when the contact (20) is activated.
  • the 2-position contact (26) is never activated, so the battery (12) is not treated with the state reversal at any time.
  • the shunts (27, 28, 29 and 30) supply the computer with the measurement of the current in the treated battery (11), current in the untreated battery (12), charging current and discharge current respectively.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une batterie à connexion interne dynamique auto-gérée, du type de celles qui sont composées d'un groupe de batteries secondaires {SB(1,1), SB(1,2). SB(1,p), SB(2,1), SB(2,2),...,SB(2,p),...,SB(s,p)}, la couche CP(¡) {SB(i, 1), SB(i,2),...,SB(i,p)} où 'i' adopte des valeurs entre T et 's', la couche CP(¡) étant délimitée ou établie sur le côté des pôles positifs des batteries secondaires par un conducteur ou platine conductrice PC(i-1) et sur le côté des pôles négatifs par la platine conductrice PC(i), où elle comprend au moins un interrupteur ISX(i,j) connecté en série à chacune des batteries secondaires SB(ij), de sorte qu'avec cet interrupteur en position ouverte, la batterie secondaire SB(i,j) en série passe à un état de déconnexion, et quand il se trouve en position fermée, la batterie secondaire SB(i,j) en série adopte le même état que la batterie à laquelle elle appartient, cette déconnexion s'effectuant de manière cylique et alternée sur toutes les batteries secondaires SB(ij) dans chaque cycle, de plus, au moyen de l'incorporation des interrupteurs ISD(ij) et ISC(i,j), l'état de déconnexion transitoire peut se transformer en une décharge ou une charge transitoire, et cette batterie comprend en outre une unité de microcontrôleur MCU ou logique équivalente
PCT/ES2019/070595 2018-09-12 2019-09-09 Batterie à connexion interne dynamique auto-gérée WO2020053462A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201830885A ES2748067A1 (es) 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Bateria de conexionado interno dinamico auto-gestionado
ESP201830885 2018-09-12

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WO2020053462A1 true WO2020053462A1 (fr) 2020-03-19

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120091964A1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Battery fault tolerant architecture for cell failure modes series bypass circuit
US20120256568A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2012-10-11 Chong Uk Lee Multi-port reconfigurable battery
CN107275691A (zh) * 2017-06-05 2017-10-20 广州供电局有限公司 电池组管控系统及控制方法
US20180099579A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-04-12 Upgrade Technology Engineering Ltd. Battery system comprising a control system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120256568A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2012-10-11 Chong Uk Lee Multi-port reconfigurable battery
US20120091964A1 (en) * 2010-10-14 2012-04-19 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Battery fault tolerant architecture for cell failure modes series bypass circuit
US20180099579A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-04-12 Upgrade Technology Engineering Ltd. Battery system comprising a control system
CN107275691A (zh) * 2017-06-05 2017-10-20 广州供电局有限公司 电池组管控系统及控制方法

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