WO2020053462A1

WO2020053462A1 - Battery having self-managed dynamic internal connections

Info

Publication number: WO2020053462A1
Application number: PCT/ES2019/070595
Authority: WO
Inventors: Félix PRADO PUEO
Original assignee: Prado Pueo Felix
Priority date: 2018-09-12
Filing date: 2019-09-09
Publication date: 2020-03-19
Also published as: ES2748067A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery having self-managed dynamic internal connections, which is formed from a group of sub-batteries {SB(1,1), SB(1,2), ..., SB(1,p), SB(2,1), SB(2,2), ..., SB(2,p), ..., SB(s,p)}, layer CP(i) being {SB(i,1), SB(i,2), ..., SB(i,p)}, wherein 'i' has values between T and 's', layer CP(i) being delimited or established on the side of the positive poles of the sub-batteries by a conductor or conductive plate PC(i-1) and on the side of the negative poles by conductive plate PC(i). The battery incorporates at least one switch ISX(i,j) connected in series to each of the sub-batteries SB(ij), such that, with the switch in the open position, the series sub-battery SB(i,j) passes to a disconnected state, and when the switch is in the closed position, the series sub-battery SB(i,j) occupies the same state as the battery to which it belongs, this disconnection being carried out cyclically and alternately on all the sub-batteries SB(ij) in each cycle, and also by means of the incorporation of switches ISD(ij) and ISC(i,j), the transitory disconnected state can be converted into a discharge or transitory charge. The battery also comprises a micro-controller unit (MCU) or equivalent logic.

Description

Self-managed dynamic internal piping battery

DESCRIPTION Object of the invention

The present invention refers to a self-managed dynamic internal connection battery, made up of a large number of sub-batteries that change transiently and alternatively their state without affecting the service or state in which the battery is operating (charge, discharge or disconnection ); This is achieved through a dynamic internal switch connection network integrated into the battery itself. Obtaining as a result a substantial improvement both in the capacity of the battery and in the duration of its useful life.

The present invention has application in the electrochemical accumulator manufacturing industry.

Background of the Invention

Each battery model features a Voltage / Current V1 / I1 characteristic for a given charge / discharge state. Those values are equal to or smaller than those normally required by the receiving device to supply VR / IR Receiver Voltage / Receiver Current. The solution consists in the construction of a battery made up of several batteries, or hundreds or even thousands of batteries depending on the VR / IR magnitude that from now on we will call sub-batteries. The sub-battery pack that forms the conventional composite battery has a pair of poles or general terminals, said sub-batteries are connected directly or indirectly through other sub-batteries in the package to said poles.

All the sub-batteries that make up the battery will add their energy that will be transmitted to / from the outside of the package through the battery terminals. The current between these terminals that is sent to the receiver will be IR = px 11 where 'p' is the number of parallel batteries, and the voltage applied to the receiver VR = V1 xs where 'is the number of layers of batteries in parallel placed in series with each other. Sub-batteries which are established with a static fixed connection.

In order to frame the invention, we emphasize that in conventional batteries, the connections between the poles of the sub-batteries, the conductive or conductor plates and the general terminals are established during the assembly of the latter and remain fixed throughout their life. in this sense in which we say that current batteries use a fixed or static connection network.

Other examples: A model of battery gives 3 V and 200 mA of accepted discharge, and we must feed a portable music equipment at 9V and 1 Ampere: 3 layers will be placed in series with 5 batteries in parallel in each layer, we will say that a provision has been made 5P-3S.

With a 3.6V and 2.6A battery model of accepted discharge, we must power a car's electric motor at 317 volts and a current of 260 amps. The solution will be to assemble a battery that we can call 8800 units macro-battery in layers of 100 sub-batteries in parallel and a total of 88 layers in series, we will have a 100P-88S arrangement.

Batteries can be subjected to 3 different states:

Charging: by applying a voltage across the battery terminals higher than the voltage generated by the battery itself through a generator or external source, a charge or storage of energy is produced in the battery.

Discharge: if we apply an external passive element between the battery terminals with a certain electrical conductivity and an opposite voltage lower than that generated by the battery, the energy stored in the battery is transferred to the external device.

Disconnection: Standby, the terminals are isolated so there is no transfer of energy to the outside, only very small internal leakage currents are observed and some rebalanced between the component sub-batteries.

The state of operation of the battery can be detected by the value of the current entering the battery through one of its poles:

If there is an appreciable current entering the battery through the positive terminal, the battery is in a state of charge.

If the current is output at the positive terminal, the battery is discharged.

If the current is negligible, the battery is in the disconnected state.

On the other hand, the fundamental characteristics of a battery are:

The “C” value or normalized capacity of a battery model represents the amp hours that a new battery is capable of supplying after a normal charge during a discharge with a normalized discharge current. This capacity decreases with time and the use of the battery until it is discarded due to the low real value "Cr". If the charge and / or discharge occurs with a current higher than the normalized this value may be lower, for example 0.9C, 90% of the value that would have been obtained if the discharge current were the normalized.

Battery life is the time that elapses between the first charge of the battery until its repeated use reduces its normalized discharge to a value less than or equal to 0.7xC. Battery life is defined by the manufacturer for operating conditions of standard loading and unloading. Increasing these currents or voltages will cause a substantial reduction in battery life.

The amplitude of the discharge current to which we subject a battery during its discharge is also expressed in relation to the Ό ’value that we have defined; a discharge with a current whose value is equal to the 'C' value will last just one hour, if the discharge of a car battery lasts 2.5 hours we will say that we have discharged the battery at an average current value of 0.4C.

The effectiveness or value of a battery will be expressed by the accumulated total of the ampere hours of all the discharges that have occurred throughout its life. When the charging and discharging conditions are more violent or extreme than the normalized ones, this effectiveness or value of the battery will be substantially reduced. Although these conditions far from the normalized ones are not recommended, nevertheless for many applications they are desirable or even inevitable. For example we need a very fast recharge to continue using the battery as it happens if we stop to refuel with a car and we need to follow the route. In the same example of the electric car, in overtaking, we may require a very intense discharge, or if we are climbing a steep long slope, the discharge rate will also be higher.

The extreme states of the fully charged battery or heavily discharged battery have harmful effects on the battery. For this reason, a manufacturer can recommend or limit the loads and discharges without reaching the standard ‘C ’limit for its better conservation but paying the price of less effectiveness.

There are studies that indicate that if instead of maintaining the state of charge or discharge of a battery for the period required until it is completed, this state is changed cyclically and temporarily for a small fraction of time, the relentless deterioration of batteries with its use can be substantially mitigated, these studies also highlight that this benefit is more noticeable in more intense loads / discharges, many laboratory tests demonstrate this. However, in the real use of batteries, interrupting the charge requires expensive and complex special chargers, so they are not practical. On the other hand, when it is in discharge it is even more complicated, since charging every so often and thus just interrupting the real discharge service that we are demanding from the battery is practically unacceptable.

At the moment a battle is being fought in which clean electrical technology replaces classic fuels, however the limited energy capacities and / or the life span of batteries as they are manufactured today is a handicap for this desired renewal. Take as an example the use and promotion of electric and / or hybrid cars, where any improvement that can be applied to electric batteries can be critical in this highly competitive market.

In this aspect, the patent RU2284076 uses the inversion of the charging current in a battery according to certain guidelines in five steps, so that in addition to avoiding the formation of electrolyte gases, the life of the battery is lengthened, as well as the duration of the process. load is significantly reduced, energy saving during the process, properties at startups are increased. However, the application of this patent is intended for lead-acid batteries and at the time of charging, that is, external means are used for their charging that, connected to the poles, proceed to charge them according to certain steps, which is why it is limited as for a specific type of battery and requires external means and technique for its implementation, which complicates and makes the procedure more expensive.

On the other hand, in patent ES-2586508_T3, all the embodiments of the battery can be equipped with at least one unit for measuring the connected cell voltage or that can be connected with the battery cells, which is configured to determine a cell voltage from the battery cells and to transmit it to the controller. The controller is configured in this case to choose a battery cell with a maximum cell voltage and to transfer a charge from the chosen battery cell to another battery cell by means of an adequate emission of first and second control signals (or possibly third ) control signals. That is, it consists of equalizing voltages between adjacent cells, but without reaching a transient inversion of the current that would take advantage of the advantages described.

Description of the Invention

In order to provide a solution that prolongs the life and capacity of electrochemical batteries made up of multiple sub-batteries, the present self-managed dynamic connection battery is advocated, in which as we have said it starts from a multiplicity of sub -batteries, connected in series and / or parallel, but instead of establishing a fixed or static connection as in a conventional battery, we place at least one switch in series with each of the sub-batteries. This switch will have a terminal connected to one pole of the sub-battery and the other to the conductive plate with which the aforementioned pole of the sub-battery would be connected or welded to a conventional battery, thus, according to its state, the switch may interrupt or not the sub-battery connection.

We will represent a battery that consists of's 'layers of'p', taking's 'and' p 'positive integer values, sub-batteries (SB) in parallel with each other as {SB (i, j) / where Ϊ takes values between 1 and's'y'j'takes values between 1 and' p 'where SB (i, j) is the sub-battery' j 'of layer Ϊ. A CP (i) layer of sub-batteries in parallel, where Ϊ takes values between y's', by definition of parallel connection, is created by electrically connecting or bridging all the positive poles of the sub-batteries by means of a conductive cable or conductive board PC (i-1) (from now on we will say conductive board), and connecting or electrically bridging with another conductive board PC (i) all negative poles. The CP (i) layer of sub-batteries is formed by {SB (i, j) / where'j 'takes values between y p' and delimited by the conductive plates PC (i-1) and PC (i).

If we place the CP (i) and CP (i + 1) layers in series, by the definition of serial connection, we can connect the negative of the CP (i) layer with the positive of the CP (i + 1) layer, it is say the conductive plate PC (i) is between both layers and connects the negative poles of CP (i) and at the same time the positive poles of the CP layer (i + 1).

The conductive plate of the positive poles of the CP layer (1) will be the PC (0) which is the positive pole of the battery. The conductive plate of the negative poles of the last CP layer (s) will be the PC (s) that will be the negative pole of the battery.

The battery is treated as an electrical device or circuit, for this reason although the assembly of the sub-batteries is done in clusters instead of being done in a matrix as presented in our model, we obtain the same equivalent circuit by bending conductors and displacing the electrical knots on the conductive plates and therefore we can equally apply our matrix model and explanations to any assembly in clusters of sub-batteries.

The battery composed of sub-batteries as we have indicated has a pair of poles or terminals whose voltage / current will define their status as: charge, discharge or disconnection. Each sub-battery has a pair of poles or terminals whose voltage / current will define its status as: charge, discharge or disconnection.

Under stable conditions the state of the composite battery will match the state of its component sub-batteries. However, with a high number of sub-batteries, a particular sub-battery may adopt a different state from that of the battery without appreciably affecting it.

The internal dynamic connection network defined in this document follows strategies for connecting / disconnecting the sub-batteries that improve the fundamental characteristics of the sub-batteries and consequently improve the capacity characteristics and duration of the battery life. This network is made up of the conductive cables or plates, the on / off switches and the sub-batteries themselves.

The effect sought with the dynamic connection of the sub-batteries is to temporarily change the state in which each of the sub-batteries is operating in a group, repeating this action cyclically we will have acted in due course with each of the sub -batteries with the benefit that each transitory alteration reports to each sub-battery status, and as a consequence improving the capacity characteristics and duration of the battery life without affecting or interrupting its operations.

The amount of ampere-hours associated with the transient changes in state is configured in a range that goes from 0% (deactivated) to 10% of the value "C" or normalized capacity of the sub-battery defined above, with times of cycle less than 15 minutes.

That is to say, the adjustment of these times and cycles is done freely, fulfilling in a preferential embodiment:

If the battery state is charge or discharge and the transient state of the sub-battery is discharge or charge, the extraction / contribution of ampere hours during the short transient reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the amperes hour of the 'C' value of the sub-battery.

If the battery state is disconnection and the transient state of the sub-battery is charging or discharging, the extraction / contribution of ampere hours during the short transient reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the ampere hour of the 'C' value of the sub-battery.

If the state of the battery is charging or discharging and the transitory state of the sub-battery is disconnection, the non-supply / extraction of ampere hours per disconnection during the short transitory reversed period is between 0% and 10% of the amp hours from the 'C' value of the sub-battery.

Trying in any case that the moment of transient reversal of state of all the sub-batteries of a layer does not coincide at the same instant, but on the contrary it is distributed with a certain homogeneity in the cycle time.

The introduction of a period of time during which a battery reverts its state, although its potential benefit is well known, however its implementation has not been solved in a practical and effective way, and even less intrinsically since the design of the battery itself. battery as does the object of the invention. In the present invention, the battery alone achieves at the sub-battery level to effectively apply said benefit, benefit or improvement that intrinsically will obtain the battery without altering its operation or requiring any external device.

The tests carried out in a test bench with a battery equipped with the characteristics of the invention being proposed, show clear and definitive results of improvement in all the parameters observed during them.

Each sub-battery may be an elementary battery in the sense that it is not made up of other sub-batteries, or on the contrary be constituted in turn by a sub-battery pack of composition s 'p'. Logically being s '<s and p'<p, more specifically since s '<= s / 2 and p'<= p / 2 up to s '= 1 and p' = 1. This design adjustment (one battery per secondary switch or several with a single secondary switch) will allow modulating different costs and qualities of the battery. Where each sub-battery has at least one switch in series. As a general implementation it is understood that,

the switch that allows the state of a particular sub-battery to be altered can be connected to its negative or positive pole (on one side or the other). With the only limitation that in the last layer that connects to the negative pole of the battery, disconnection to the negative pole is not appropriate, and in the first layer that connects directly to the positive pole of the battery, disconnection of the pole is not appropriate. positive of the sub-batteries that form it. It is for this reason that from here we will refer to the general layer Ϊ with disconnection of negatives and in the general layer ‘k ’with disconnection of positive poles.

In any CP (i) layer of sub-batteries that is not the last or the CP (s):

The negatives of the sub-batteries can be connected to the conductive board PC (i), not directly but through a switch. In particular, each SB sub-battery (i, j) will have an ISX series switch (i, j) so that when the switch is closed, the sub-battery will be connected and act as in a conventional battery operating in the same state as the battery. to which it belongs, while the ISX switch (i, j) is open, the sub battery SB (i, j) will be disconnected. This disconnection is performed cyclically and alternatively, -not with all the switches open at the same time but with a uniform distribution in time-, running through the SB (i, j) sub-batteries in each cycle, so that the temporary cyclical disconnection transiently changes the state of each of the SB (i, j) sub-batteries to a disconnected state without altering the service or state of the battery. That is, by performing this disconnection when the battery is active (charge or discharge), we can say that the state of each of the sub-batteries has been changed temporarily (for a moment) to a state of discharge acting on its negative pole. .

In general, for each ISX switch (i, j) a new associated local discharge switch ISD (i, j) is incorporated with a terminal connected to the same pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) to which ISX is connected ( i, j) and the other terminal is connected to the other pole of the same SB sub-battery (ij)) to which ISX (i, j) is connected and the other terminal:

- if the pole of the SB (i, j) sub-battery is negative, the other ISD terminal (i, j) will be connected to the positive pole of the same SB (ij) sub-battery (PC board (i -1)) or any previous sub-battery SB ((i-1, j), SB (i-2, j) ... (Decks PC (i-2), PC (i-3) ... ).

- if the pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) mentioned is positive, the other ISD terminal (i, j) we will connect to the negative pole of the same SB sub-battery (i, j) (PC board (i)) or of any subsequent sub-battery SB ((i + 1, j), SB (i + 2, j) ... (Plates PC (i + 1), PC (i + 2) ...).

In particular, to the same negative pole of the sub-battery SB (i, j), the terminal of another local discharge switch ISD (i, j) will be connected and its other terminal will be connected to the positive pole of the same sub-battery is tell PC (i-1). Opening the ISX switch (i, j) and closing the ISD switch (i, j) will put the SB sub-battery (i J) in a discharge state, performing this disconnection / connection when the battery is not discharged, We can say that we have temporarily changed (for a moment) the state of each of the sub batteries acting on its negative pole. If instead of connecting the other ISD terminal (i, j) to the positive pole of the same sub-battery, it connects to the positive pole of a sub-battery of the previous layer CP (i-1), that is to PC ( i-2) we will get the same result at double voltage / current and so on.

On the other hand, for each ISX switch (i, j), a local charge ISC switch (ij) associated with it is incorporated with a terminal connected to the same pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) to which it is connected ISX (i, j) and the other terminal is connected to:

- if the pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) mentioned is negative, the other ISC terminal (i, j) is connected to the negative pole of a sub-battery of the next layer, that is to say to the plate PC (i + 1) or later PC (i + 2), PC (i + 3) ...

- if the pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) mentioned is positive, the other ISC terminal (i, j) is connected to the positive pole of a sub-battery of the preceding layer, that is to say to the plate PC (i-2) or earlier PC (i-3), PC (i-4).

That is, to the same negative pole of the sub-battery SB (i, j), the terminal of another local charge switch ISC (i, j) is connected and its other terminal we will connect to the negative pole of a sub-battery of the next layer is PC (i + 1). Opening the ISX switch (i, j) and closing the ISC switch (i, j) will put the SB sub-battery (i, j) in charge state, performing this disconnection / connection when the battery is not charging We can say that we have temporarily changed (for a moment) the state of each of the sub batteries acting on its negative pole. If instead of connecting the other ISC terminal (i, j) to the negative pole of a sub-battery in the next layer, that is to PC (i + 1), we connect it to the negative pole of a sub-battery in the layer next of the previous one is to say to PC (i + 2) we will obtain the same result at double voltage / current and so on.

In any case ISX (i, j) closed and ISC (i, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the control will never adopt. That is, the MCU that governs the battery connection does not allow the ISX (i, j) and ISD (i, j) switch to be closed at the same time. In any CP (k) layer of sub-batteries that is not the first or CP (1):

The positives of the sub-batteries can be connected to the PC conductive board (k-1) not directly but through a switch. In particular, each SB sub-battery (kj) will have an ISX series switch (k, j) which, when closed, the sub-battery will be connected and will act as in a conventional battery operating in the same state as the compound battery to which belongs, while open ISX switch (k, j), the SB sub-battery (kj) will be disconnected. This transient disconnection will act alternately (not with all at once) on all the SB (k, j) sub-batteries. Making this disconnection when the battery is active (charge or discharge) we can say that the state of each of the sub-batteries has been changed temporarily (for a moment) acting on its positive pole.

To the same positive pole of the SB sub-battery (k, j), we will connect the terminal of another ISD switch (k, j) and its other terminal we will connect to the negative pole of the same sub-battery, that is to PC (k) . Opening the ISX switch (k, j) and closing the ISD switch (k, j) will put the SB sub-battery (kj) in a discharge state, performing this disconnection / connection when the battery is not discharging, we can say that we have temporarily changed (for a moment) the state of each of the sub-batteries acting on its positive pole. If instead of connecting the other ISD terminal (k, j) to the negative pole of the same sub-battery, that is to PC (k), we connect it to the negative pole of a battery in the lower layer CP (k + 1 ) ie PC (k + 1) we will get the same result at double voltage / current and so on.

In either case ISX (k, j) closed and ISD (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the control will never adopt.

To the same positive pole of the SB sub-battery (k, j), we will connect the terminal of another ISC switch (k, j) and its other terminal we will connect to the positive pole of a sub-battery of the previous layer, that is, to PC (k-2). Opening the ISX switch (k, j) and closing the ISC switch (k, j) will put the SB sub-battery (kj) in a charging state, performing this disconnection / connection when the battery is not charging, we can To say that we have temporarily changed (for a moment) the state of each of the sub-batteries acting on its positive pole. If instead of connecting the other ISC terminal (k, j) to the positive pole of a sub-battery of the previous layer, that is to PC (k-2), we connect it to the positive pole of a battery of the upper layer that is to say, to PC (k-3) we will obtain the same result at double voltage / current and so on.

In either case ISX (k, j) closed and ISC (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited short circuit state that the MCU control will never adopt. In either case ISC (kJ) closed and ISD (k, j) closed at the same time is a prohibited state of short circuit that the MCU control will never adopt.

The self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, object of the present invention, acts this transient charge and alternatively with a more or less uniform distribution in time on all the SB (i, j) sub-batteries, performing this charge when the battery not in charge we will have changed temporarily (for a moment) the state of each of the sub-batteries to state of charge in each cycle.

The control of the switches is carried out by at least one micro-controller unit (from now on -MCU) or equivalent logic that will have digital output channels for their activation / deactivation following the explained strategy. The MCU or equivalent logic detects the state of the battery by means of a current sensor through which it recognizes the state of charge; positive current at the positive terminal means battery in charge, negative current at positive terminal means battery in discharge, null current at positive terminal means battery disconnected.

The MCU or equivalent logic has software that executes the explained control actions of the switches with configurable control parameters: cycle time, time and type of transient to be applied to the sub-batteries for each state of the battery.

The MCU or equivalent logic includes analog input channels, through which it captures through which it captures the currents in the sub-batteries, either from a local shunt or from the switch itself, and the terminal voltages of the switches, since these Voltages will be a function of temperature and the current that passes through them, also having a temperature sensor and knowing the characteristic function of the switch model used, the MCU or equivalent logic will evaluate the current that is flowing through each and every time one of the sub-batteries. We consider this preferred option to be cheaper and simpler than the alternative option of incorporating current sensors or shunts, which would be another more precise option but more costly in constructive and economic terms.

Software that runs a configurable global and local alarm diagnostics by sub-battery is incorporated into the MCU or equivalent logic.

The MCU or equivalent logic will include a configurable software or algorithm for disconnection or isolation of sub-batteries that due to their poor condition or risk status may have a negative impact or electrical contamination on the life and capacity of the battery.

Electrical / Electronic Technology

An analysis of the connection / disconnection circuit has been carried out, with electrical switches, which facilitates the analysis through direct visual interpretation. However, given the state of current electronic technology, these switches are preferably They will be made using high performance, high reliability, low volume and low cost MOS-FET transistors to optimize the results of feasibility, safety and performance.

The control of times and switches is carried out with one or more microcontroller units MCU ^'s or with equivalent electrical logic, these MCUs as usual will include wired or wireless network connections.

The implementation described, by itself, gives us other added values apart from those already mentioned:

The switch element has a certain internal resistance characteristic as a function of current and temperature, with this information measuring the switch voltage, the MCU microcontroller or equivalent logic will have an estimate of the current. Through a wired or no network connection, a clear image of the status and operation of the batteries is transmitted in real time to a user station or screen / keyboard ... As a consequence, we have detailed information on the operation of the battery.

A failure of a sub-battery in many cases causes collateral damage of interference and sometimes degenerative, with the available data the failure will be detected and isolated by means of the switch corresponding to the failed battery. Our system will thus be fault tolerant. This capacity will add to the temporary reversal of states to once again extend the life and efficiency of our battery.

The computer performs the explained control, with the following parameters.

TCICLO: every TCICLO seconds the state of the component battery is reversed.

IDB: battery discharge / charge current in amps

RINTERNA: internal resistance of the battery + contacts in OHMs

EBATTERY: volts generated by the battery in Volts.

VI N VERSA: voltage to reverse the state in Volts.

PULSE: duration of the reverse current pulse in seconds.

TPCQID: percentage of inverse current compared to direct.

Applying ligature: TPCQID / 100 * IDB * TCICLO = (VINVERSA-EBATERIAj / RINTERNA * PULSO

From where TCICLO = (((VINVERSA-EBATERÍA) / RINTERNA ^* PULSO)) / (TPCQID / 100 ^* IDB)

Advantages of the invention

As described above, the self-managed internal dynamic connection battery that is presented, provides multiple advantages over current batteries, such as:

Increases battery life span in many conditions by more than 100%, Increases the amp hours per battery discharge on many discharges by more than 24%, and

Consequently, it improves the effectiveness or value of the battery expressed in total ampere hours for all discharges throughout its useful life; managing to multiply by more than 2 the effectiveness of the same battery when it had not been equipped with this invention.

Using the same installed switches, it is also possible to achieve the isolation of faulty sub-batteries, which avoids the contaminating damages derived from this situation.

The person skilled in the art will readily understand that he can combine features of different embodiments with features of other possible embodiments, provided that such a combination is technically possible.

General description of the figures

To better understand the object of the present invention, and associated with the explanations and definitions, we attach the following figures:

Figure -1- shows a battery made up of a sub-battery pack with 'p' batteries in parallel per layer and a total of's' layers with a usual fixed connection according to the state of the art, in which represented two generic layers CP (i) and CP (k) and their respective neighbors CP (i + 1) and CP (k-1).

Figure -2- shows the battery with a general implementation object of the present invention

Figure -3 shows the battery with a simple specific implementation of laboratory, for the evaluation of the results or benefits achieved by the present invention.

Figure -4- shows a graph of a record of the discharge capacity of a battery object of the present invention in relation to a battery according to the state of the art as well as one, according to results obtained in the laboratory by implementing the figure -3

Realization of the prototype of evaluation of the invention, evaluation of results

The evaluation prototype for a simpler and more direct execution has been assembled by direct wiring of electro-mechanical relays, thus avoiding the need for printed circuits.

In Figure 2, the CP (i) sub-battery layer represents the reversal of transient states by altering the connections of the negative poles of the sub-batteries and is applicable to any layer other than the last one. The CP (k) sub-battery layer represents reversal of transient states by changing the connection of the positive poles of the sub-batteries and is applicable to any layer other than the first layer.

Figure 3 represents the electrical diagram of the simplest model that we have used for the comparison of two batteries in parallel, one treated and the other not. (11 and 12 respectively) are two Lithium Ion batteries of C = 2.6 amps per hour and V = 3.6V, we both subject to successive charge and discharge cycles according to the sequence defined by the manufacturer.

The computer activated contacts (20) place the batteries in charge from the source (22) configured at 4.2V maximum voltage and 8.84 amps maximum current. The contacts (21) activated by computer place the batteries in discharge through the resistance (23) that causes a discharge at an average current of 1.31C. The computer-activated 2-position contact (24) places the treated battery (11) in transient charge when the contact (21) is activated through the power supply (25) configured at 7.2 V maximum voltage and 40 amps of maximum current, and in transient short-circuit discharge when the contact (20) is activated.

The 2-position contact (26) is never activated, so the battery (12) is not treated with the state reversal at any time. The shunts (27, 28, 29 and 30) supply the computer with the measurement of the current in the treated battery (11), current in the untreated battery (12), charging current and discharge current respectively.

According to the described parameters of the computer control:

For IDB = C = 2.6 A, RINTERNA = 0.11OHM, EBATTERY: 3.6V, VINVERSA = 7.2 V, PULSE = 0.022 sec., TPCQID = 3.4. We get TCICLO = 8.14 sec.

Both batteries submitted in parallel to the same charge / discharge cycles with discharges at 1.31C current at a fixed ohmic resistance and DC-CV loads with current at 1.7C and Voltage 4.2V, we have represented the relationship by both between both batteries ( y-axis) depending on the number of discharges (x-axis).

In figure 4 a first momentary state reversal treated battery (11) TPCQID = 1.38 and a non-treated battery (12) without state reversal have been subjected to a continuous process of charge and discharge for 4 weeks with a total of of 41539 recordings (1 per minute), which has allowed us to clearly see the tendency of wear of both batteries in the successive discharges and to appreciate that the wear is substantially less in that treated with the invention.

From these tests it appears that the untreated battery gives a useful life (see previous definition) of 147 cycles with an approximate life of 14 days, while for the battery treated with the reversal of battery states (A) the life is 316 cycles, about 28 days. The objective of these tests is not to assess the performance of a particular battery but to compare the performance offered by a battery with or without the application of the piping object of the present invention; For this reason we speak of an improvement factor of 2.24. Since in this test both batteries, with treatment (11) with status reversals and the battery without treatment (12) are connected in parallel with each other, they share a common voltage at all times. Since the voltage multiplied by the ampere hours is energy in watt hours, the relation between the ampere hours and the energies is the same, for this reason we can affirm that the battery treated with the transient local state reversals would operate a vehicle more than the twice the kilometers (and on longer routes) than a battery not treated with the invention here exposed.

The previous contrast test has been repeated with groups of 4 batteries, 2 treated and 2 untreated. With groups of 8 batteries, 4 treated and 4 untreated. And with groups of 12 batteries, 6 treated and 6 untreated. Up to more than a dozen tests over months, and in all cases in which the patent requirements were respected, similar results were observed where the average “C” and life of the batteries treated with the transient reversal of states improved clearly with the factors mentioned to the untreated or static conventional connection.

All the information referring to examples, tests, or embodiments forms part of the description of the invention.

Claims

1.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, consisting of a group of sub-batteries {SB (1, 1), SB (1, 2). SB (1, p), SB (2,1), SB (2,2). SB (2, p),

..., SB (s, p)}, where 'p' is the number of sub-batteries connected in parallel with each other and s' is the number of packages or layers of parallel sub-batteries that placed in series make up the battery , characterized in that the parallel sub-batteries {SB (i, 1), SB (i, 2), ..., SB (i, p))} compose the CP (i) layer, where Ϊ takes values between and 's', the CP (i) layer being delimited or established on the side of the positive poles of the sub-batteries by a conductor or conductive plate PC (i-1) and on the side of the negative poles by the plate conductive PC (i), where it incorporates at least one ISX switch (i, j) connected in series with each of the SB sub-batteries (i, j), so that with this switch in the open position, the sub- Serial SB (i, j) battery goes into a disconnected state, and when in the closed position, the serial SB (i, j) sub-battery takes the same state as the battery to which it belongs, where:

This disconnection is carried out cyclically and alternatively, -not with all the switches open at the same time but with a uniform distribution over time-, running through the SB (i, j) sub-batteries in each cycle, so that the temporary cyclical disconnection transiently changes the state of each of the SB (i, j) sub-batteries to disconnected state without altering the service or state of the battery

and for understanding:

MCU micro-controller unit or equivalent logic, for the control of said ISX switches (i, j) or any electrical circuit that performs said control function equivalently, having digital output channels through which it activates the switches.

2.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the first claim, characterized in that for each ISX switch (i, j) a new associated local discharge switch ISD (i, j) is incorporated with a terminal connected to the same pole from the SB sub-battery (ij) to which ISX (i, j) is connected and the other terminal:

- if the pole of the SB (i, j) sub-battery is negative, the other ISD terminal (i, j) will be connected to the positive pole of the same SB (ij) sub-battery (PC board (i -1)) or any previous sub-battery SB ((i-1, j), SB (i-2, j) ... (Decks PC (i-2), PC (i-3) ... )

- if the pole of the SB (i, j) sub-battery is positive, the other ISD terminal (i, j) will be connected to the negative pole of the same SB (i, j) sub-battery (PC board (i)) or any subsequent sub-battery SB ((i + 1, j), SB (i + 2, j) ... (Decks PC (i + 1), PC (i + 2) ... )

3.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the ISX switch (i, j) in the open state and the ISD switch (i, j) in the closed state, associated with the sub- battery SB (i, j) puts this sub-battery SB (i, j) in discharge state, so that when executing this momentary disconnection / connection cyclically when the battery is not discharged, each of the sub-batteries SB (i, j) changes its particular state to discharge cyclically transiently.

4 Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the first claim, characterized in that for each ISX switch (ij), a local charge ISC switch (i, j) is incorporated, associated with this with a terminal connected to the same pole of the SB sub-battery (i, j) to which ISX (i, j) is connected and the other terminal is connected to:

5.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the ISX switch (i, j) in the open state and the ISC switch (i, j) in the closed state, associated with the sub- battery SB (i, j) puts this sub-battery SB (i, j) in a state of charge, so that when executing this momentary disconnection / connection cyclically when the battery is not charging, each of the sub-batteries SB (i, j) transiently changes its particular state to charge cyclically.

6.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to previous claims, characterized in that the MCU or equivalent logic is connected to a current sensor through which it recognizes the status (charge, discharge, disconnection) of the battery.

7.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the MCU or equivalent logic has software that executes the uniform sequencing of the control actions of the switches according to configurable control parameters: cycle time , time and type of transient to be applied to the sub-batteries (transient charging, discharging or disconnection) in each of the states of the battery.

8.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the previous control parameters (cycle time, time and type of transient) are configured so that the number of ampere-hours associated with the alterations transient status, is in a range that goes from 0% (deactivated) to 10% of the “C” value or normalized capacity of the sub-battery, with cycle times of less than 15 minutes.

9.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the MCU or equivalent logic has analog input channels, through which it captures the currents in the sub-batteries either from a local shunt or from the own switch.

10.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the MCU or equivalent logic incorporates software that executes a configurable algorithm for diagnosing global and local alarms by sub-battery.

11.- Self-managed internal dynamic connection battery, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the MCU or equivalent logic incorporates a configurable software or algorithm for disconnection or isolation of sub-batteries with detrimental effects on the capacity and / or duration of the battery. .