WO2020051870A1 - 一种人工鱼礁的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种人工鱼礁的制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020051870A1
WO2020051870A1 PCT/CN2018/105689 CN2018105689W WO2020051870A1 WO 2020051870 A1 WO2020051870 A1 WO 2020051870A1 CN 2018105689 W CN2018105689 W CN 2018105689W WO 2020051870 A1 WO2020051870 A1 WO 2020051870A1
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finished product
admixture
semi
cement
manufacturing
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PCT/CN2018/105689
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王清
栾金津
郑旭
王宁
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山东科技大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
    • A01K61/77—Artificial fishing banks or reefs of monolithic form, e.g. blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/48—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by removing material from solid section preforms for forming hollow articles, e.g. by punching or boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of artificial fish reefs, in particular to a method for manufacturing artificial fish reefs.
  • Granite stone powder is the powder waste generated during the cutting process of granite. In the slate industrial area, a large amount of granite powder cannot be processed in time, and a large amount of granite powder will occupy the land due to long-term accumulation. In addition, the granite stone powder has a fine texture and is difficult to dispose. It is easy to fly over the ground in high winds, and rainwater flows into the river with rainwater, which will not only pollute the environment but also cause great harm to the human body.
  • a natural reef is a kind of reef that has been accumulated over many years, such as the bones of fish or the waste discharged by fish.
  • the reef body formed by long-term accumulation in nature has a rough surface, which is suitable for the attachment of fish eggs, thereby protecting the fish eggs.
  • Artificial fish reefs are artificial structures set up in the sea to protect and augment fishery resources by using old ships, concrete components, steel, old tires and other materials based on the biological characteristics of marine life such as fish gathering on rocks and sunken ships.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an artificial fish reef with low self-weight, large surface area, and micropores on the surface or inside.
  • the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing an artificial fish reef, including the following steps:
  • the semi-finished product obtained from S1 is poured into a mold for molding, and is stopped to foam, and is cured to the age after demolding;
  • the admixture includes granite stone powder.
  • the cement includes sulphoaluminate cement
  • the admixture includes an activator and a foam stabilizer
  • the chemical foaming agent includes hydrogen peroxide
  • the density of the finished product obtained by S3 is 230-260 kg / m 3 .
  • the size of the mold is 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m; in S3, a plurality of through-hole punchings are performed on the opposite sides of the semi-finished product obtained in S2.
  • the time for stirring and mixing after adding the chemical foaming agent is 8-12 seconds.
  • the cement includes Portland cement
  • the admixture includes fly ash
  • the admixture includes a water reducing agent and a foam stabilizer
  • the chemical foaming agent includes hydrogen peroxide
  • the preparation method of the invention is simple and easy. Through the selection of raw materials, chemical foaming and perforating treatment, the finished product has a larger surface area, micro-holes inside and outside, and lower self-weight, which is beneficial to fish and other marine life. Inhabiting, breeding and growing is conducive to improving biological density and efficient use of marine resources.
  • the invention also cleverly reuses granite stone powder for waste and improves the firm performance of the products produced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a finished product obtained in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for manufacturing an artificial fish reef in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 The cement uses 86% (wt) of ordinary Portland cement with the mark of 42.5R, the fly ash is 14% (wt), and the water-to-material ratio is 0.43.
  • the admixture includes a water reducing agent and a foam stabilizer.
  • the chemical foaming agent uses hydrogen peroxide, the content of which accounts for 7% (wt) of the mass of cement cement, Cement, admixture, admixture, and water are mixed and stirred at high speed until homogeneous, and the stirring time is controlled between 4min and 5min; the above chemical foaming agent is added to the slurry to continue stirring, and the stirring time is preferably controlled to about 10s.
  • the chemical foaming agent is mixed, it is preferable to stir and mix the cement gelling material in a short period of time (preferably 8 to 12 seconds). In this way, the foaming effect can be more uniform and the overall texture is more uniform. Good, at the same time, it is beneficial to the subsequent punching without breaking the structural strength of the product.
  • Step 2 The slurry obtained in step 1 is poured into a cube mold with a size of 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m, and the foam is left to stand for rest. After 24 hours, the mold is released, and it is cured to 28 days in an indoor sealed condition.
  • the size and shape of the mold can be changed according to specific conditions, and the shape of the cube is preferred.
  • the product thus prepared is not only convenient for production and handling, but also has better structural strength and longer service life.
  • Step 3 Use an electric hammer to punch the cubic semi-finished product prepared in step 2.
  • all six sides are punched and the holes in the face are mutually penetrated to obtain the finished product.
  • the finished product is shown in Figure 1.
  • the diameter of the through-holes 2 formed by punching is 20 cm, and the distance between adjacent through-holes 2 on the same surface is 25 cm (the distance from the center to the center of the circle).
  • the hollow volume reaches 2.045m 3
  • the solid volume is 1.33m 3
  • the self-weight is about 319.2kg
  • the density is 240kg / m 3 . Its quality is about 1/10 of that of ordinary concrete reefs compared with common concrete reefs, and its weight is greatly reduced.
  • the surface area and surface roughness of the obtained product are increased, which is conducive to the habitat, reproduction and growth of fish and other marine organisms, and it is beneficial to increase the biological density and the efficient use of marine resources.
  • the surface and the interior of the concrete 1 are covered with cells 3, and some cells 3 also have a communication structure. In this way, it is conducive to the retention and accumulation of nutrients in seawater, and of course it is also beneficial to The implantation and firm adhesion of marine life such as fish eggs are more conducive to the survival of fish eggs and can have the effect of fish proliferation.
  • the method for manufacturing an artificial fish reef in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Cement uses 85% (wt) of sulphoaluminate cement, 15% (wt) of granite powder is used as the admixture, and the water-to-material ratio is 0.43.
  • the admixture includes activator and foam stabilizer. 0.5% (wt) and 0.02% (wt) of the mass of the cementitious material.
  • the chemical foaming agent is hydrogen peroxide, and its content accounts for 3.5% (wt) of the mass of the cementitious material.
  • the above cement, admixture, The agent and water are mixed and stirred at high speed until homogeneous, and the stirring time is controlled between 4min and 5min; and the above chemical foaming agent is added to the slurry to continue stirring, and the stirring time is preferably controlled to about 10s.
  • Step 2 The slurry obtained in step 1 is poured into a cube mold with a size of 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m ⁇ 1.5m, and the foam is left to stand for rest. After 24 hours, the mold is released, and it is cured to 28 days in an indoor sealed condition.
  • Step 3 Use an electric hammer to punch the cubic semi-finished product prepared in step 2.
  • all six sides are punched and the holes in the face are mutually penetrated to obtain the finished product.
  • the finished product is shown in Figure 1.
  • the diameter of the through-holes 2 formed by punching is 20 cm, and the distance between adjacent through-holes 2 on the same surface is 25 cm (the distance from the center to the center of the circle).
  • the hollow volume reaches 2.045m 3
  • the solid volume is 1.33m 3
  • the self-weight is about 333.8kg
  • the density is 251kg / m 3 .
  • the admixture of this embodiment uses granite stone powder instead of fly ash, and at the same time of reusing the waste, it also eliminates its adverse impact on the environment, and is also conducive to resisting seawater invasion and improving the firm performance of the product;
  • the combination with the other raw materials mentioned above has a better utilization effect on granite stone powder, and the product has better firmness.
  • the density of the finished product is preferably 230 to 260 kg / m 3 during specific implementation, and the density can achieve the overall balance and superior performance of the self-weight, surface area, and structural strength of the finished product.

Abstract

一种人工鱼礁的制作方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将水泥、掺合料、外加剂和水按特定比例搅拌混合均匀，再加入化学发泡剂搅拌混合；S2，将S1所得半成品浇注入模具中成型、静停发泡，脱模后养护至龄期；S3，对S2所得半成品进行打孔处理，即获得人工鱼礁。该人工鱼礁的制备方法简便易行，通过原料的选择、化学发泡及打孔处理，使制得的成品表面积更大、内外部具有微孔洞，自重更低，利于鱼类及其它海洋生物的栖息、繁殖和生长，利于提高生物密度，利于高效利用海洋资源。

Description

一种人工鱼礁的制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及人工鱼礁领域，具体涉及一种人工鱼礁的制作方法。
背景技术
花岗岩石粉是花岗岩在切割加工过程中产生的粉屑废料。在石板产业区，大量的花岗岩石粉废料无法得到及时处理，大量的花岗岩石粉会由于长时间的堆积而占用土地。并且花岗岩石粉质地细，难处置，大风时易满地飞扬，雨天则随雨水流入河道，不仅会污染环境而且会对人体产生巨大的危害。
天然鱼礁是鱼的骨骸或鱼排放的废物等，经过多年的堆积而成的一种礁。这种在自然界中长期堆积形成的礁体表面粗糙，适合鱼卵的附着，从而起到保护鱼卵的作用。
人工鱼礁是根据鱼类等海洋生物在岩礁和沉船处聚集的生物学特性，利用旧船舶、混凝土构件、钢材、旧轮胎等材料，为保护和增殖渔业资源而人为在海中设置的构造物。
现有通过混凝土浇筑制备而成的人工鱼礁，一方面，其表面光滑不利于鱼卵的黏附，黏附的鱼卵无法得到有效的保护，成活率低，生产力有待提高；另一方面，其密度约为2500Kg/m 3,单体自重高达几吨甚至几十吨，不利于运输和投放，人力、物力、财力投入高，作业时间长、效率低。
发明内容
为克服现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明提供一种自重低、表面积大且表面或内部具有微孔洞的人工鱼礁的制作方法。本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种人工鱼礁的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1,将水泥、掺合料、外加剂、水按特定比例搅拌混合均匀，再加入化学发泡剂搅拌混合；
S2,将S1所得半成品浇注入模具中成型、静停发泡，脱模后养护至龄期；
S3,对S2所得半成品进行打孔处理，即得。
优选的，在S1中，所述掺合料包括花岗岩石粉。
优选的，在S1中，所述水泥包括硫铝酸盐水泥，所述外加剂包括激发剂和稳泡剂，所述化学发泡剂包括双氧水。
优选的，S3所得成品的密度为230～260kg/m 3。
优选的，在S2中，所述模具的尺寸为1.5m×1.5m×1.5m；在S3中，对S2所得半成品的相对面均进行多个贯通式打孔。
优选的，在S1中，加入所述化学发泡剂后搅拌混合的时间为8～12s。
优选的，在S1中，所述水泥包括硅酸盐水泥，所述掺合料包括粉煤灰，所述外加剂包括减水剂和稳泡剂，所述化学发泡剂包括双氧水。
本发明的制备方法简便易行，通过原料的选择、化学发泡及打孔处理，使制得的成品表面积更大、内外部具有微孔洞，自重更低，利于鱼类及其它海洋生物的栖息、繁殖、生长，利于提高生物密度，利于高效利用海洋资源；本发明还对花岗岩石粉巧妙地废物再利用，并利于提升所制得产品的牢固性能。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明实施例所得成品的立体结构示意图。
图中各标号对应如下，混凝土1、通孔2、泡孔3。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的描述：
作为一种示例，本实施例人工鱼礁的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、水泥采用标号为42.5R的普通硅酸盐水泥86％(wt)，掺合料采用粉煤灰14％(wt)，水料比为0.43，外加剂包括减水剂和稳泡剂，其掺量分别占水泥胶凝材料质量的1.48％(wt)和0.013％(wt)，化学发泡剂采用双氧水，其掺量占水泥胶凝材料质量的7％(wt)，将上述的水泥、掺合料、外加剂、水混合并进行高速搅拌至均匀，搅拌时间控制在4min-5min；再将上述的化学发泡剂加入到浆体中继续搅拌，搅拌时间优选控制在10s左右。
需要说明的是，掺入化学发泡剂后，优选快速短时间(优选8～12s)内将水泥胶凝材料搅拌混匀，如此，可使发泡效果更均匀一致，质地整体均一性也更好，同时利于后续打孔的同时不破环产品结构强度。
步骤2、将步骤1所得浆体浇注入尺寸为1.5m×1.5m×1.5m的正方体模具中成型、静停发泡,24小时后脱模,在室内密封条件下养护至龄期28天。
具体实施时，模具大小、形状可以根据具体情况进行改变，优选为正方体形状，如此制得的产品，不仅便于生产、装卸，而且结构强度更好，使用寿命也更长。
步骤3、使用电锤对步骤2制得的正方体半成品进行打孔，优选其六面均打孔且对面孔洞互相贯通，即得成品。成品如图1所示，打孔形成的通孔2的直径为20cm，位于同一面上相邻通孔2之间的孔距为25cm(圆心至圆心之间的距离)，如此，打孔形成的空心体积达到2.045m 3，实心体积为1.33m 3，自重约319.2kg，密度为240kg/m 3。其质量和普通混凝土浇筑而成的鱼礁相比，约为普通混凝土鱼礁的1/10，自重大大降低。经过打孔处理后，增大了所得产品的表面积和表面粗糙度，利于鱼类及其它海洋生物的栖息、繁殖、生长，利于提高生物密度，利于高效利用海洋资源。由于经过化学发泡，如图1所示，混凝土1的表面和内部遍布泡孔3，有的泡孔3之间还具有连通结构，如此，利于对海水中营养物质的 截留积存，当然还利于海洋生物如鱼卵的着床、黏附的牢固，更利于鱼卵的成活，可起到鱼群增殖的效果。
作为另一种示例，本实施例人工鱼礁的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、水泥采用硫铝酸盐水泥85％(wt)，掺合料采用花岗岩石粉15％(wt)，水料比为0.43，外加剂包括激发剂和稳泡剂，其掺量分别占水泥胶凝材料质量的0.5％(wt)和0.02％(wt)，化学发泡剂采用双氧水，其掺量占水泥胶凝材料质量的3.5％(wt)，将上述的水泥、掺合料、外加剂、水混合并进行高速搅拌至均匀，搅拌时间控制在4min-5min；再将上述的化学发泡剂加入到浆体中继续搅拌，搅拌时间优选控制在10s左右。
步骤2、将步骤1所得浆体浇注入尺寸为1.5m×1.5m×1.5m的正方体模具中成型、静停发泡,24小时后脱模,在室内密封条件下养护至龄期28天。
步骤3、使用电锤对步骤2制得的正方体半成品进行打孔，优选其六面均打孔且对面孔洞互相贯通，即得成品。成品如图1所示，打孔形成的通孔2的直径为20cm，位于同一面上相邻通孔2之间的孔距为25cm(圆心至圆心之间的距离)，如此，打孔形成的空心体积达到2.045m 3，实心体积为1.33m 3，自重约333.8kg，密度为251kg/m 3。
本实施例的掺合料采用花岗岩石粉，替代了粉煤灰，对废物再利用的同时，也消除了其对环境的不利影响，还利于抵御海水侵袭、提升所制得产品的牢固性能；通过与上述其它原料的组合，对花岗岩石粉的利用效果更好，所制得产品的牢固性能也更加优越。
在其它一些实施例中，具体实施时，优选制得的成品的密度为230～260kg/m 3，该密度可使成品自重、表面积和结构强度取得整体平衡优越性能。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
上面对本发明专利进行了示例性的描述，显然本发明专利的实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明专利的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进，或未经改进将本发明 专利的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种人工鱼礁的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1,将水泥、掺合料、外加剂、水按特定比例搅拌混合均匀，再加入化学发泡剂搅拌混合；
    S2,将S1所得半成品浇注入模具中成型、静停发泡，脱模后养护至龄期；
    S3,对S2所得半成品进行打孔处理，即得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，在S1中，所述掺合料包括花岗岩石粉。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制作方法，其特征在于，在S1中，所述水泥包括硫铝酸盐水泥，所述外加剂包括激发剂和稳泡剂，所述化学发泡剂包括双氧水。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，S3所得成品的密度为230～260kg/m 3。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，在S2中，所述模具的尺寸为1.5m×1.5m×1.5m；在S3中，对S2所得半成品的相对面均进行多个贯通式打孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，在S1中，加入所述化学发泡剂后搅拌混合的时间为8～12s。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，在S1中，所述水泥包括硅酸盐水泥，所述掺合料包括粉煤灰，所述外加剂包括减水剂和稳泡剂，所述化学发泡剂包括双氧水。
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