Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents

Definitions

• TLR7 and TLR8 are toll-like receptors 7 and 8 respectively, and they lie in close proximity to each other on the human X chromosome. Both TLR7 and TLR8 recognize single-stranded RNA of viruses such as HIV and HCV. TLR7 has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) as well as in antiviral immunity regulation. Genetic variants in TLR8 have recently been linked to susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.
• SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• TLR7 is functional both in human and mouse, while TLR8 is only functional in human, but it seems to counteract TLR7 activity.
• TLR7/8 agonists as immune response enhancers is their simultaneous stimulation of several cell types.
• TLR7 and TLR8 are expressed mostly on immune cells such as antigen presenting cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), as well as natural killer cells, and macrophages.
• pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cells
• mDC myeloid dendritic cells
• TLR7/8 activation on pDCs and mDCs results in induction and release of type I interferons (IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), and interleukin 12 (IL-12), which is an important step for the initiation of innate and adaptive immunities to kill cancer cells. Accordingly, there is a need to develop small molecule agonists of TLR7 and TLR8 as both antiviral and antitumor compounds.
• IFN interferons
• TNFa tumor necrosis factor alpha
• IL-12 interleukin 12
• the compounds are imidazoquinoline derivatives, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the compounds are agonists of toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8).
• the compounds may be used to treat viral infection (e.g., hepatitis C (HCV)), cancer (e.g., a HER2 positive cancer), allergic disease, or a combination thereof, in a subject need thereof by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an imidazoquinoline derivative provided herein to the subject.
• viral infection e.g., hepatitis C (HCV)
• cancer e.g., a HER2 positive cancer
• allergic disease e.g., allergic disease, or a combination thereof
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3 -s cycloalkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 haloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl); and n is 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4.
• Some embodiments include a pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a compound described herein.
• Compounds or compositions described herein may be used for activating TLR7/8.
• compounds or compositions described herein may be used as adjuvants in cancer vaccine or adoptive T cell transfer protocols.
• Some embodiments include a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with a TLR7/8 agonist comprising administering an effective amount of a compound described herein to a mammal in need thereof.
• Some embodiments include use of a compound described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder associated with a TLR7/8 agonist.
• Fig. 1 shows PK profiles in rats as mean concentration versus time curves for TLR7/8 agonists as described in Example 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• the article“a” or“an” refers to one or to more than one (i.e. to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
• “an element” means one element or more than one element.
• use of the term“including” as well as other forms, such as“include”,“includes,” and“included,” is not limiting.
• administering refers to administration of the compounds provided herein to a cell or a subject as needed to achieve the desired effect.
• alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., Ci_ 3 means one to three carbon atoms) and includes straight or branched chain substituent groups.
• composition or“pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of at least one compound— useful as described herein— with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to a patient or subject. Multiple techniques of administering a compound exist in the art including, but not limited to, intravenous, oral, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, rectal, subcutaneous, and topical administration.
• controlling the disease or disorder is used to mean changing the activity of one or more kinases to affect the disease or disorder.
• cycloalkyl refers to a mono cyclic non-aromatic radical, wherein each of the atoms forming the ring (i.e., skeletal atoms) is a carbon atom.
• the cycloalkyl group is saturated or partially unsaturated.
• Cycloalkyl groups include groups having 3 to 5 ring atoms (C 3 -s cycloalkyl).
• the term“disease or disorder associated with kinase activity” refers to a disease, condition or disorder treatable, in whole or in part, by inhibition of one or more kinases.
• the term“effective amount,”“pharmaceutically effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to a nontoxic but sufficient dosage amount of an agent (e.g., the compounds or compositions provided herein) to provide the desired biological result, which result may be reduction or alleviation, or both, of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system including influencing, reducing or inhibiting the activity of or preventing activation of a kinase (e.g., modulating kinase activity).
• An appropriate therapeutic amount in any individual case may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine experimentation.
• these terms as used herein may also refer to an amount effective at bringing about a desired in vivo effect in an animal— where in some embodiments, the animal is a human— including, but not limited to, uveitis, reduction in intraocular pressure, or dry eye.
• excipient refers to physiologically compatible additives useful in preparation of a pharmaceutical composition.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients can, for example, be found in Remington Pharmaceutical Science, 16 th Ed.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group independently substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is independently substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is independently substituted with one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms.
• the term“subject,”“patient” or“individual” refers to a human or a non-human mammal.
• Non-human mammals include, for example, livestock and pets, such as ovine, bovine, porcine, canine, feline, and murine mammals.
• the patient, subject, or individual is human.
• the term“pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a material that does not abrogate the biological activity or properties of the compound, and is relatively non-toxic, i.e. the material may be administered to an individual without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the components of the composition in which it is contained.
• the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or carrier, such as a liquid or solid filler, stabilizer, dispersing agent, suspending agent, diluent, excipient, thickening agent, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting a compound useful within the invention within or to the patient such that it may perform its intended function.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or carrier such as a liquid or solid filler, stabilizer, dispersing agent, suspending agent, diluent, excipient, thickening agent, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting a compound useful within the invention within or to the patient such that it may perform its intended function.
• Such constructs are carried or transported from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.
• Each carrier must be“acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, including the compound useful within the invention, and not injurious to the patient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier also includes any and all coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are compatible with the activity of the compound useful within the invention, and are physiologically acceptable to the patient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may further include a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound useful within the invention.
• Other additional ingredients that may be included in the pharmaceutical compositions used in the practice of the invention are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Genaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., 1985, Easton, Pa.), which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition that is: generally compatible with the other ingredients of the composition, not deleterious to the recipient, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes one or more than one carrier. Embodiments include carriers for topical, ocular, parenteral, intravenous, intraperitoneal intramuscular, sublingual, nasal or oral administration.“Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” also includes agents for preparation of aqueous dispersions and sterile powders for injection or dispersions.
• the term“pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to derivatives of the compounds provided herein wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds provided herein include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds provided herein can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by combining the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile may be used.
• nonaqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile may be used.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17 th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the term“prevent” or“prevention” refers to no disorder or disease development if none had occurred, or no further disorder or disease development if there had already been development of the disorder or disease. Also considered is the ability of one to prevent some or all of the symptoms associated with the disorder or disease.
• treatment refers to the application or administration of a therapeutic agent, i.e. a compound provided herein, to a patient, or application or administration of a therapeutic agent to an isolated tissue or cell line from a patient (e.g., for diagnosis or ex vivo applications), who has a disease, a symptom of the disease or the potential to develop the disease, with the purpose to heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improve or affect the disease, the symptoms of the disease, or the potential to develop the disease.
• a therapeutic agent i.e. a compound provided herein
• an isolated tissue or cell line from a patient (e.g., for diagnosis or ex vivo applications)
• Such treatments may be specifically tailored or modified, based on knowledge obtained from the field of pharmacogenomics.
• the compound is a compound of Table 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• R 1 is, independently, F, Cl, Br, or I;
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3 -s cycloalkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 haloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl); and n is 0, 1 , 2, 3, or 4.
• the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (II):
• the compound of Formula (I) is a compound of Formula (III):
• R 1 is F, Cl, Br, or I. In some embodiments, R 1 is F. In some embodiments, R 1 is H or F. In some embodiments, R 1 is H (i.e. n is 0). In some embodiments, R 1 is H, F, Cl, Br, or I.
• R 2 is — 0-(C 3 -s cycloalkyl), — 0-(Ci_ 3 alkyl), — 0-(Ci_ 3 monohaloalkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 dihaloalkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 trihaloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl).
• R 2 is— 0-CF 3 , — 0-CH 2 -CF 3 ,— O- cyclopropyl, — S-methyl, — S-ethyl, — S(0)-methyl, — S(0)-ethyl, — S(0 2 )-methyl, or — S(0 2 )-ethyl.
• the haloalkyl halogen is independently F, Cl, Br, or I. In some embodiments the haloalkyl halogen is F.
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl),— 0-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl), — S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl). In some embodiments, R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl), — S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl).
• R 2 is— O- cyclopropyl, — S-methyl, — S-ethyl, — S(0)-methyl, — S(0)-ethyl, — S(0 2 )-methyl, or — S(0 2 )-ethyl.
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl). In some embodiments, R 2 is— O- (C 3 -5 cycloalkyl), and R 1 is F, Cl, Br, or I. In some embodiments, R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl), and R 1 is H or F. In some embodiments, R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl), and R 1 is H. In some embodiments, R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl), and R 1 is F.
• R 2 is — 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl), — S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl), — S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is F, Cl, Br, or I.
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is H or F.
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3-5 cycloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is F.
• R 2 is— 0-(C 3 -s cycloalkyl),— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is H.
• R 2 is— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl), — S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is F, Cl, Br, or I.
• R 2 is— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is H or F.
• R 2 is— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl), — S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is F.
• R 2 is— S-(Ci_ 3 alkyl),— S(0)(Ci_ 3 alkyl), or— S(0 2 )(Ci_ 3 alkyl), and R 1 is H.
• R 2 is— O-cyclopropyl,— S-methyl,— S-ethyl,— S(0)-methyl, — S(0)-ethyl, — S(0 2 )-methyl, or — S(0 2 )-ethyl, and R 1 is F, Cl, Br, or I.
• R 2 is— O-cyclopropyl,— S-methyl,— S-ethyl,— S(0)-methyl,— S(0)-ethyl,— S(0 2 )-methyl, or— S(0 2 )-ethyl, and R 1 is H or F.
• R 2 is — O- cyclopropyl, — S-methyl, — S-ethyl, — S(0)-methyl, — S(0)-ethyl, — S(0 2 )-methyl, or — S(0 2 )-ethyl, and R 1 is H.
• R 2 is— O-cyclopropyl,— S-methyl,— S- ethyl,— S(0)-methyl,— S(0)-ethyl,— S(0 2 )-methyl, or— S(0 2 )-ethyl, and R 1 is F.
• n is 0. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 1 , 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0 or 1.
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• the compound is:
• Compounds described herein also include isotopically-labeled compounds wherein one or more atoms is replaced by an atom having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds described herein include and are not limited to 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 36 CI, 18 F, 123 l, 125 l, 13 N, 15 N, 15 0, 17 0, 18 0, 32 P, and 35 S.
• isotopically-labeled compounds are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
• substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium affords greater metabolic stability (for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements).
• substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11 C, 18 F, 15 0 and 13 N is useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds are prepared by any suitable method or by processes using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed.
• compounds described herein are labeled by other means, including, but not limited to, use of chromophores or fluorescent moieties, bioluminescent labels, or chemiluminescent labels.
• compositions comprising a compound provided herein (i.e., a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).
• compositions comprising a compound provided herein.
• a cancer in another aspect, comprising administering a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) to the subject.
• the cancer is a HER2 positive cancer.
• the cancer is esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, pancreatic, lung, breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, ovary, bladder, head and neck, endometrial, osteosarcoma, prostate, neuroblastoma, or a combination thereof.
• kits for treating viral infection, cancer, an allergic disease, or a combination thereof, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a
• kits for treating viral infection comprising administering a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) to the subject.
• kits for treating cancer comprising administering a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) to the subject.
• a compound provided herein i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• a compound provided herein i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• the viral infection comprises a hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection.
• HCV hepatitis C viral
• provided herein is a method of modulating kinase activity in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with an amount effective to modulate kinase activity of a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).
• the subject is a human.
• a compound provided herein i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• a composition provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein, in the manufacture of a
• compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Actual dosage levels of an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient that is effective to achieve a desired therapeutic response for a particular subject, composition, or mode of administration, without being toxic to the subject.
• Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of therapeutic compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical vehicle.
• the dosage unit forms of the present disclosure are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the therapeutic compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding/formulating such a therapeutic compound for the treatment of the diseases referred to herein in a subject in need thereof.
• the compounds or compositions provided herein are formulated using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers.
• the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present disclosure provides packaged pharmaceutical compositions comprising a container holding at least one therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein, and instructions for using the compound to treat one or more symptoms of a disease referred to herein in a subject in need thereof.
• Routes of administration of any of the compositions provided herein include oral, nasal, rectal, intravaginal, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, topical, or ocular.
• the compounds for use as provided herein may be formulated for administration by any suitable route, such as for ocular, oral or parenteral, for example, transdermal, transmucosal (e.g., sublingual, lingual, (trans)buccal, (trans)urethral, vaginal (e.g., trans- and perivaginally), (intra)nasal and (trans) rectal), intravesical, intrapulmonary, intraduodenal, intragastrical, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intra-arterial, intravenous, intrabronchial, inhalation, and topical administration.
• compositions and dosage forms include, for example, drops, tablets, capsules, caplets, pills, gel caps, troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions, syrups, granules, beads, transdermal patches, gels, powders, pellets, magmas, lozenges, creams, pastes, plasters, lotions, discs, suppositories, liquid sprays for nasal or oral administration, dry powder or aerosolized formulations for inhalation, compositions and formulations for ocular or intravesical administration and the like. It should be understood that the formulations and compositions that would be useful as provided herein are not limited to the particular formulations and compositions that are described herein.
• dosage forms suitable for administration to a subject in need thereof comprising a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).
• kits comprising a composition including a compound provided herein (i.e. a compound of Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and instructions for use thereof.
• the kit further includes one or more of a syringe, a vial, or a dosage form.
• NMR spectra and 13 C-NMR are recorded on a Varian Mercury-VX400 instrument operating at 400 MHZ.
• NMR spectra are obtained as CDCI 3 solutions (reported in ppm), using chloroform as the reference standard (7.27 ppm for 1 H and 77.00 ppm for 13 C), CD 3 OD (3.4 and 4.8 ppm for 1 H and 49.3 ppm for 13 C), DMSO-d s (2.49 ppm for 1 H), or internal tetramethylsilane (0.00 ppm for 1 H) when appropriate.
• Other NMR solvents are used as needed.
• SPF SD rats were purchased from BioLASCO Taiwan Co. Ltd. Animals were randomly assigned to five groups with 3 males and 3 females in each group before dosing. The body weight variation of animals used were in an interval within ⁇ 20 percent of the mean weight for each gender. The basic design was as shown in Table 2.
• Blood samples (200-350 pL/time point) were obtained through tail vein at pre-dose and 2 min, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr post dosing.
• the blood samples were collected into tubes containing K 2 EDTA and maintained on ice no more than 30 minutes, then centrifuged (1500-1750 xg, 15 min, 2-8 °C) for plasma harvest.
• Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist that activates the immune system.
• TLR Toll-like receptor
• Example 16 TLR7/8 Agonist Potency Assay in HEK-Blue hTLR7 Cell
• HEK-Blue hTLR7 cells were seeded at 3x10 4 cell/well and treated with nine concentrations of positive control (CL264) and three compounds (resiquimod, compound 2, compound 3).
• HEK-Blue TLR7 cells can serve to measure the bioactivity of TLR7 through the secretion of embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) upon NF-kB activation following TLR7 stimulation. Water was used as negative control. After about 16 hrs incubation at 37 °C in 5% C0 2 , the SEAP was determined by using a spectrophotometer at 635 nm.
• SEAP embryonic alkaline phosphatase
• Example 17 TLR7/8 Agonist Potency Assay in HEK-Blue hTLR8 Cell
• HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells were seeded at 3x10 4 cell/well and treated with nine concentrations of positive control (ssRNA40) and four test articles (resiquimod, compound 2, compound 3).
• HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells can serve to measure the bioactivity of TLR8 through the secretion of embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) upon NF-kB activation following TLR8 stimulation. Water was used as negative control. After about 16 hrs incubation at 37 °C in 5% C0 2 , the SEAP was determined by using a spectrophotometer at 635 nm.
• SEAP embryonic alkaline phosphatase

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