WO2020034175A1 - 一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法 - Google Patents

一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034175A1
WO2020034175A1 PCT/CN2018/100946 CN2018100946W WO2020034175A1 WO 2020034175 A1 WO2020034175 A1 WO 2020034175A1 CN 2018100946 W CN2018100946 W CN 2018100946W WO 2020034175 A1 WO2020034175 A1 WO 2020034175A1
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building structure
structure module
building
house
size
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PCT/CN2018/100946
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张剑
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张剑
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block

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  • the invention relates to a building structure module for building a house, a house and a building method thereof, and belongs to the field of prefabricated building technology.
  • a building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building.
  • a large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop.
  • the types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.
  • box buildings In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings.
  • the structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Construction and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.
  • the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space
  • Size restrictions Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions.
  • the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters.
  • the road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters.
  • the maximum size is generally 12 meters.
  • the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container.
  • the internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m ⁇ 2.352m ⁇ 2.69m.
  • the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3.
  • the structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is that, in the existing box buildings, the openings of the houses are small, the depth is too long, and it is difficult to meet the actual use requirements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to meet the safety of the house, not only to solve the size limitation during transportation, reduce the transportation cost, but also to solve the comfort of the house and expand the use space.
  • the building structure module is an integrally cast and prefabricated integral structure of the factory, and the building structure module is connected by at least the bottom surface, the left surface, the top surface, and the right surface and forms a cavity;
  • the dimensions of the structural module in the left-right direction are length, the dimensions in the front-rear direction are width, and the dimensions in the up-down direction are height.
  • the length of the building structural module is greater than the width;
  • the width of the building structural module is:
  • the transport width is divided into several units, and the width of the building structure module is the width of the divided unit;
  • the front-to-rear direction of the building structure module is the depth of the house, and the left-to-right direction of the building structure module is the room of the house. direction.
  • the building structural module refers to the structural module used in the building.
  • the “module” means that the building can be composed of multiple structural units.
  • the “structure” refers to the strength of the module in the building and the load-bearing capacity. effect.
  • the building structure module and the unit are completely corresponding.
  • the unit is actually the building structure module in the house design; the corresponding building structure module is manufactured in the factory according to the design of each unit.
  • the height of the building structure module does not exceed the defined size of the transportation height.
  • the length of the building structure module does not exceed the defined size of the transport length.
  • the width of the building structure module cannot exceed the transport width limited size.
  • the transport height is limited to about 3.6 meters; the transport width is limited to about 3.5 meters; the transport length is limited to about 12 meters.
  • the size in the length direction is usually not limited, and it has basically met the required size of the interior space of the house.
  • the length of the building structure module can be controlled at 7-12m.
  • the length can be 4m, 5m, 6m, 8m, 9m, 10m, 11m, etc.
  • the height of the house is generally controlled at 2.5-3.5m, and the height of the building structural module can generally meet the size limit of the transport height.
  • the height of the building structure module can be 2.6m, 2.8m, 3.0m, 3.2m, 3.4m and so on.
  • the problem caused by the limitation of the transport width is more prominent.
  • the transport width generally does not exceed 3.5m, that is, the size of the house is difficult to exceed 3.5m. In most cases, goods with a width of 2.4-3.5m are oversized goods, and the transportation cost is very high, which further limits the maximum size of the house to 2.4m.
  • the width of the transportation size limit is limited to 2.5m or less, preferably 2.3m or less.
  • the width of the building structure module can be 1.2-2.5m, 1.2-2.4 m, 1.2-2.3m, 1.4-2.3m, 1.4-2m, 1.6-1.9m.
  • the building structural module of the present invention achieves the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing.
  • the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side and the right side of the building structure module are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are cast in one piece.
  • the front and rear sides of building structural modules are non-load bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled.
  • multiple building structural modules can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.
  • the house obtained by the splicing of this building structure module can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters or even more than 100 square meters, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are relatively large, avoiding a long cylindrical housing structure.
  • load-bearing structural members may be provided in the interior to enhance the overall strength of the building structural module.
  • the load-bearing structure and the bottom surface, the top surface, the left side, and the right side of the building structural module are integrally cast and prefabricated.
  • the load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall.
  • the load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of the building structural module is 12m, a load-bearing wall is set in the building structural module, and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m.
  • the load-bearing wall inside the building structure module may not need to be provided as a whole wall, so that a part of the space inside the building structure module can communicate.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • one, two or three load-bearing wall surfaces can be provided.
  • the load-bearing structural member is a load-bearing wall surface, and the load-bearing wall surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface and the top surface; more preferably, the load-bearing wall surface and the left and right sides are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom surface and the top surface of the building structure module are parallel to each other, and the left side and the right side are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom surface and the left surface are perpendicular to each other.
  • the building structure module can be rectangular cavity shape or non-rectangular cavity shape to adapt to the construction of different houses.
  • the building structure module is a rectangular cavity.
  • the building structure module further includes a front side and / or a rear side, and the front side and / or the rear side of the building structure module are non-load bearing structural surfaces. In some cases, it can also be constructed as a building structure module with five or even six sides as a load bearing structure.
  • Doors and / or windows are generally installed on the non-load bearing structural surface. If necessary, doors and / or windows can also be installed on the bearing structure surface without affecting the structural strength. Doors are usually installed in non-load-bearing walls inside building structural modules.
  • connection bolts and / or connection boxes which are used to expand the space in the three-dimensional direction. At the same time, they can also be used as a stress member for lifting.
  • Water, electricity and gas pipelines are embedded in the building structure module.
  • the building structure module is a prefabricated part. All the facilities such as doors and windows are installed in the factory, and then transported to the site for installation, hoisted on site, connected to the pipeline, and closed the pipeline to complete the construction and directly move in.
  • the load-bearing structure of the building structural module is prefabricated from reinforced concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. To reduce self-weight, ultra-high-performance concrete is preferred.
  • the invention also provides a house, which is formed by connecting or splicing a plurality of the aforementioned building structural modules.
  • the house includes several building structural modules; the building structural module is an integrally cast and prefabricated integral structure of the factory, and the building structural module is connected by at least the bottom surface, the left surface, the top surface, and the right surface and forms a cavity;
  • the width of the building structure module is: the design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width of the building structure module is the width of the divided unit; The size in the direction is the length, the size in the front-back direction is the width, and the size in the up-down direction is the height.
  • the length of the building structural module is greater than the width.
  • several building structural modules are arranged along the front-back direction of the building structural module. Sequential splicing is performed; the front-to-rear direction of the building structural module is the depth direction of the house, and the left-to-right direction of the building structural module is the house opening direction.
  • the opening represents the width of the house
  • the depth represents the length of the house.
  • the depth of a house is greater than the depth of the room, but there are also cases where the depth of the house is less than the depth of the room.
  • the invention uses the width of the building structure module to form the length of the house, that is, the depth, and uses the length of the building structure module as the width of the house, that is, the room. Because the length of the building structure module is less restricted in transportation, the transportation length limit of no more than 12m is sufficient to meet the needs of most of the house design booths, and the depth of the house can be expanded by splicing, no longer limited by the transport size.
  • the building structure module is also spliced along the direction of the house.
  • the building structure module is also spliced in a vertical (up and down) direction. That is, the building structure module can be spliced and combined in three-dimensional directions (front-back, left-right, and up-down).
  • the house is fixed by a plurality of building structure modules through connection bolts and connection boxes pre-buried therein.
  • connection bolts and connection boxes pre-buried therein.
  • connection methods between building structural modules There are a variety of connection methods between building structural modules, and any feasible connection method in the prior art can be used for fixed connection.
  • the invention also provides a method for building a house, comprising the following steps:
  • Each unit is connected by at least the bottom, left, top, and right sides and forms a cavity; the size of each unit in the left-right direction is the length, the size in the front-back direction is the width, and the size in the up-down direction is Height, where the length of the unit is greater than the width; the front-to-rear direction of the unit is the depth of the house, and the left-to-right direction of the unit is the direction of the house;
  • the above-mentioned building structure module corresponding to the unit is prefabricated in the factory;
  • the house is divided into multiple layers, and then each layer is divided into multiple units.
  • the depth of the house should be divided according to the direction of the depth (or parallel to the direction of the bay). Of course, it can also be at a certain angle, such as dividing the depth of the house in a direction within 45 ° with the opening direction.
  • the floor slab (bottom surface, top surface) and wall panel (left side, right side) of the present invention are an integral prefabricated structure, which ensures the overall strength of the building.
  • connection member such as a box connection member commonly used in the building-connecting bolts and connection boxes. Therefore, a plurality of building structural modules can be combined and connected very conveniently.
  • the structural strength of this kind of house has been obtained when the factory is prefabricated, and concrete is not required to be poured on the construction site during construction, which greatly shortens the construction period.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the building structural module provided by the present invention can not only meet the limited size of transportation, but also expand the use space of the house without breaking the strength of the structure of the house. Due to the restrictions, the dimensions of the house in both the opening and the depth are relatively large, which can meet the needs of most of the house construction, has achieved a good comprehensive effect, and is highly practical and widely used.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of connecting a plurality of structural units in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 3 shows a skeleton structure of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a building structural module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of three building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of building structural modules of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of building structural modules into which each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be built designed according to the present invention is divided.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of building structural modules connected to each other in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 12 connected to the whole house.
  • FIG. 14 shows another structural schematic diagram of the building structural module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 shows the division method of the house plan.
  • the building structure module of the present invention includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, the bottom surface 1, the top surface 2, and the left surface 3 And the right side 4 surrounds a long square cavity.
  • Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular.
  • the length of the building structure module is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the width of the building structure module is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the width of the left side 3 and the right side 4 is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4.
  • the length of the building structure module is 12 meters, the width is 2.4 meters, and the height is 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 5 are arranged at an interval within the building structure module.
  • the bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left surface 3, and right surface 4 of the building structural module, and the two load-bearing wall surfaces 5 are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are cast in one piece.
  • the load bearing wall 5 may not be required inside the building structure module; or although the length of the span is large, the improvement of the material or structure makes the overall strength meet the requirements The load bearing wall surface 5 may not be provided inside the building structure module.
  • the building structure module has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the building structure module are not filled with objects. Therefore, the building structural modules can be spliced in the front-back direction to expand the area of the used space.
  • the structure diagram after splicing is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of some building structural modules, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.
  • the building structural module of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction.
  • the schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG.
  • the specific connection mode of each building structure module is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the building structure module to be fixedly connected to each other.
  • a house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced building structural modules, and these building structural modules can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, only hoisting is needed to connect the pipeline Ready to stay.
  • the method for designing, dividing, and splicing a house according to the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.
  • Figure 9 shows a small three-story building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units.
  • the small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting.
  • the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: First, divide by the layers to get the same single-story structure of Sanzeng.
  • the schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 10; , B is divided into two households, and each unit is divided into three building structure modules (as shown in Figure 11): A unit is divided into 2.3m ⁇ 12m, 2.3m ⁇ 12m, and 2.3m ⁇ 10m.
  • Three building structure modules, the B type is divided into three building structure modules: 2.3m ⁇ 9m, 2.3m ⁇ 9m, and 2.3m ⁇ 7m.
  • FIG. 11 The building structural modules in FIG. 11 are manufactured separately in the factory, and then connected.
  • the structure of each layer after connection is shown in FIG. 12, and then each layer is connected to obtain a house as shown in FIG. After the pipelines are connected, the construction of the house can be completed.
  • the shape of the building structure module is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the building structure module there are only the bottom surface 1, the top surface 2, the left surface 3, and the right surface 4, and these four surfaces surround a long square.
  • the length of the cavity structure module (that is, the length of the bottom surface 1) is 4 m. Because the length of the building structure module is relatively small, no other load-bearing components are provided in the cavity.
  • FIG. 15 the unit of the drawing is mm.
  • the house has an opening of 9000mm and a depth of 7314mm; specifically, the opening of the dining room is 4300mm, and the opening of the bedroom connected to the dining room is 4700mm.
  • the wall surface with the oblique section line is a load-bearing wall surface, and the other is a non-load-bearing wall surface.
  • It can be divided according to the two darkest solid black lines in FIG. 15 and divided into 3 building structural modules, each of which has a width of 2438 mm, of which the length of two building structural modules is 9000 mm. These building structural modules are then manufactured separately and finally combined.

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Abstract

一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法，属于装配式建筑技术领域。所述建筑结构模块为工厂一体浇筑预制成型的整体结构，建筑结构模块至少由底面(1)、左侧面(3)、顶面(2)和右侧面(4)依次连接并围成腔体；所述建筑结构模块沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，建筑结构模块的长度大于宽度；所述建筑结构模块的宽度为：将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸分割成若干单元，所述建筑结构模块的宽度尺寸则为该分割后的单元的宽度尺寸。所述建筑结构模块在满足运输尺寸的条件下，拓展了房屋的使用空间，打破房屋使用空间所受的运输尺寸的限制。

Description

一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法，属于装配式建筑技术领域。
背景技术
由预制部件在工地装配而成的建筑，称为装配式建筑。装配式建筑中大量的建筑部件由工厂车间生产加工完成，构件种类主要有：外墙板，内墙板，叠合板，阳台，空调板，楼梯，预制梁，预制柱等。
在装配式建筑中，有一类称为盒子建筑。盒子建筑的结构体系是指在工厂中将房间的墙体与楼板连在一起制成箱型预制整体，同时完成其内部部分或全部设备门窗、卫浴、厨房、电器、暖通的安装及墙面装修等工作，运至现场施工后，直接组装在一起，或与其他预制构件及现浇结构相结合，建成的房屋体系。
由于盒子建筑的结构单元是具有一定空间的结构件，现有的盒子建筑存在一个很大的矛盾：在实际使用时，希望使用空间越大越好；而在这些结构单元在运输时，又存在一定的尺寸限制。通常来说，这些建筑结构单元需要运输到施工工地。不管什么运输方式，都存在一定的尺寸限制。比如公路运输限高，一般是4.8米，除去车板高度1.2米，运输物品的高度尺寸不能超过3.6米；公路运输限宽，一般要求在2.4米以内，对于大件物品，可以扩大至3.5米左右，但是会大大地提高运输的成本；在长度方向上，最大尺寸一般为12米。比如，利用集装箱进行运输，建筑盒子的尺寸受到集装箱内部空间尺寸的限制，常见的40HC集装箱的内尺寸为12.032m×2.352m×2.69m。
由于受到运输尺寸限制，现有技术的建筑盒子设计成长筒型的结构单元，其结构如图1所示；将多个长筒型的结构单元连接，其结构如图2所示。大多数的长筒型结构单元中的结构骨架如图3所示，结构骨架由铝、轻钢等制成整体框架，再进行浇筑得到。可以看出，这些长筒型结构单元的左、右墙面为承重的结构面，这些结构面的存在使房屋被分割成若干狭长的空间。这些狭长空间中，房屋的开间很小，进深过长，难以满足实际使用需求。若拆除这些承重的结构面结构以扩 展使用空间，则房屋无法满足承重要求，安全性受到影响。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是，现有的盒子建筑中，房屋的开间很小，进深又过长，难以满足实际使用需求。
本发明的目的是，在满足房屋安全性的前提下，既要解决运输时受到的尺寸限制，降低运输成本，又要解决房屋使用的舒适性，扩大使用空间。
本发明的技术方案是，所述建筑结构模块为工厂一体浇筑预制成型的整体结构，建筑结构模块至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；所述建筑结构模块沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，建筑结构模块的长度大于宽度；所述建筑结构模块的宽度为：将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸分割成若干单元，所述建筑结构模块的宽度尺寸则为该分割后的单元的宽度尺寸；建筑结构模块的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，建筑结构模块的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。
建筑结构模块是指该结构模块用于建筑中，其中的“模块”的意思是指该建筑可以由多个结构单元拼接组成，其中的“结构”是指该模块在建筑中体现强度，体现承重作用。
建筑结构模块与单元是完全对应的，单元实际上是房屋设计中的建筑结构模块；按每个单元的设计在工厂制造相应的建筑结构模块。
为便于运输，所述建筑结构模块的高度不超过运输高度限定尺寸。所述建筑结构模块的长度不超过运输长度限定尺寸。所述建筑结构模块的宽度不能超过运输宽度限定尺寸。
虽然不同的运输方式对运输高度、长度、宽度的限定尺寸不一样，但是对于尺寸超过一定标准，特别是超限的货品，尺寸越大，运输费用就会越高。一般来说，运输高度限定尺寸为3.6米左右；运输宽度限定尺寸为3.5米左右；运输长度限定尺寸为12米左右。
由于运输过程中，长度方向的尺寸通常限制不大，基本已经满足房屋的内部使用空间所需尺寸，比如建筑结构模块的长度可控制在7‐12m。当然长度的尺寸 还可以是4m，5m，6m，8m，9m，10m，11m等。房屋的高度一般控制在2.5‐3.5m，建筑结构模块的高度一般也可以满足运输高度尺寸限定。比如建筑结构模块的高度可以为2.6m，2.8m，3.0m，3.2m，3.4m等。而运输宽度的限制产生的问题比较突出，运输宽度一般不超过3.5m，即房屋的开间尺寸很难突破3.5m。大多数情况下，宽度在2.4‐3.5m的货物属于超限货物，运输成本很高，这进一步限制了房屋的开间尺寸最大只有2.4m。
一般来说，为节省运输成本，比如用集装箱运输，运输尺寸限制的宽度限定在2.5m以下、优选2.3m以下，具体来说，建筑结构模块的宽度可以为：1.2‐2.5m，1.2‐2.4m，1.2‐2.3m，1.4‐2.3m，1.4‐2m，1.6‐1.9m。
与现有的结构单元不同的是，本发明的建筑结构模块在拼接的同时实现了扩展使用空间的目的。其中，建筑结构模块的底面、顶面、左侧面和右侧面均为一体浇筑预制成型的承重结构面。通常情况下，建筑结构模块的前、后侧面为非承重结构面，一般不填充。此时，可以将多个建筑结构模块沿其前后方向进行拼接(组合)，这样就不再受到空间尺寸的限制。
这种建筑结构模块拼接得到的房屋可以非常容易地得到30平方、60平方甚至100平方以上的整体空间，且可以保证房间的进深与开间均较大，避免了长筒状的房屋结构。
例如，建筑结构模块的长度设计成12m，宽度设计为2.4m；将3个此种建筑结构模块拼接，就可以得到12m×(2.4m×3)＝86.4m 2的大空间；将5个此种建筑结构模块拼接，就可以得到12m×(2.4m×5)＝144m 2的超大空间。这些大空间均具有超大开间12m，不会影响进深的采光，具有较高的舒适性。
当建筑结构模块的长度跨度较大时，可在其内部设承重结构件以增强该建筑结构模块的整体强度。所述承重结构体与建筑结构模块的底面、顶面、左侧面和右侧面一体浇筑预制成型。
所述承重结构件可以为承重柱、承重梁或承重墙面等。承重柱、承重梁基本不会影响整体空间的大小。即使设置承重墙面，还可以在该承重墙面上设门，将承重墙面两侧的空间进行连通。比如，当建筑结构模块的长度为12m时，在建 筑结构模块内设1块承重墙面，将长度分为7m和5m，即得到7m和5m的大开间，此时，将3个宽2.4m的建筑结构模块相互拼接时，就可以得到7m×(2.4m×3)＝50.4m 2的空间和5m×(2.4m×3)＝36m 2的空间，这两个空间也均较大，也已经可以满足绝大多数大户型房屋的设计尺寸。
可以看出，在该建筑结构模块的内部设置承重墙和/或非承重墙，可以将这些大空间进行灵活的分割，得到不同设计的房屋。
建筑结构模块内部的承重墙面可以不需要设置成一整面墙体，以使建筑结构模块内部空间的一部分可以连通。
优选地，所述承重墙面与左侧面和右侧面平行。一般来说，若需要在内部设承重墙面，可以设1、2或3块承重墙面。
优选地，所述承重结构件为承重墙面，承重墙面与底面、顶面垂直；更优选地，承重墙面与左侧面、右侧面均相互平行。
所述建筑结构模块的底面和顶面相互平行，左侧面和右侧面相互平行。优选地，底面和左侧面相互垂直。
建筑结构模块可以是长方腔体形状，也可以是非长方腔体形状的，以适应不同房屋的建造。优选地，所述建筑结构模块为长方腔体。
所述建筑结构模块还包括前侧面和/或后侧面，建筑结构模块的前侧面和/或后侧面为非承重结构面。在某些情况下，也可以建设成五面、甚至六面为承重结构的建筑结构模块。
一般在在所述非承重结构面上安装门和/或窗。如有需要，在不影响结构强度的前提下，也可以在承重结构面设置安装门和/或窗。通常，在建筑结构模块内部的非承重墙内安装门。
建筑结构模块的角边预埋有连接螺栓和/或连接盒，用于三维方向的空间拓展，同时也可以作为起吊的受力构件。
建筑结构模块内预埋水、电、气管线。
建筑结构模块为预制件，将门窗等所有设施全部在工厂安装，再运输到现场进行安装，在现场吊装，连接管线，将管线收口，即可完成建造，直接入住。
该建筑结构模块的承重结构由钢筋混凝土或者超高性能混凝土预制而成。为减轻自重，优选超高性能混凝土。
本发明还提供一种房屋，该房屋由若干个上述建筑结构模块连接或者拼接而成。
该房屋包括若干个建筑结构模块；所述建筑结构模块为工厂一体浇筑预制成型的整体结构，建筑结构模块至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；所述建筑结构模块的宽度为：将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸分割成若干单元，所述建筑结构模块的宽度尺寸则为该分割后的单元的宽度尺寸；所述建筑结构模块沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，建筑结构模块的长度大于宽度；在房屋的同一层中，沿建筑结构模块的前后方向将若干个建筑结构模块进行依次拼接；建筑结构模块的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，建筑结构模块的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。
习惯上，我们把一个楼(或房间)的主要采光面称为开间(或面宽)，与其垂直的称为进深。本领域的现有技术中无法实现大开间的设计，或者大开间的设计存在强度不稳定的缺陷。
对于房屋来说，开间表示房屋的宽度，进深表示房屋的长度。通常来说，房屋的进深大于开间，但是也存在进深小于开间的情况。本发明是用建筑结构模块的宽度拼成房屋的长度，即进深，而用建筑结构模块的长度作为房屋的宽度，即开间。由于建筑结构模块的长度在运输上受限较少，不超过12m的运输长度限制足以满足绝大部分房屋设计开间的需要，而房屋的进深可以通过拼接拓展，不再受到运输尺寸的限制。
所述建筑结构模块还沿房屋的开间方向进行拼接。并且，所述建筑结构模块还沿竖直(上下)方向进行拼接。即该建筑结构模块可以沿三维方向(前后、左右、上下)进行拼接组合。
所述房屋由若干个建筑结构模块通过预埋在其中的连接螺栓和连接盒固定而成。建筑结构模块之间的连接方式有多种，可以采用现有技术中的任何可行的连接方式进行固定连接。
本发明还提供一种房屋的建造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，使每个单元的尺寸不超过运输限定尺寸；其中，将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割；
每个单元至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；每个单元沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，其中，单元的长度大于宽度；单元的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，单元的左右方向是房屋的开间方向；
(2)根据分割后得到的若干单元，在工厂预制成型该单元对应的上述建筑结构模块；
(3)对预制成型的建筑结构模块进行装修；
(4)将装修后的建筑结构模块从工厂运输到待建房屋的工地；
(5)根据房屋设计，在工地上通过吊装将若干个建筑结构模块依次拼接、固定，并将建筑结构模块之间的管线对接、收口，即完成房屋的建造。
一般先将房屋分成多层，再对每一层进行分割成多个单元。对每一层的房屋设计进行分割时，应按垂直于进深方向(或平行于开间方向)对房屋的进深进行分割。当然也可以呈一定夹角，比如沿与开间方向夹角45°以内的方向对房屋的进深进行分割。
本发明的房屋楼板(底面、顶面)和墙板(左侧面、右侧面)是一体预制成型结构，保证了建筑的整体强度。
从上述房屋的建造方法可以看出，该建筑可以完全不需要现浇，直接通过连接件(如建筑中常用的盒子连接件‐连接螺栓与连接盒)固定连接。因此，可以非常方便地将多个建筑结构模块组合固定连接。此种房屋的结构强度在工厂预制时已经获得，建造时不需要在工地进行混凝土的浇筑，大大地缩短了建造工期。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明提供的建筑结构模块在不影响房屋结构强度的前提下，既可以满足运输限定尺寸，又可以拓展了房屋的使用空间，打破了房屋使用空间所受的运输尺寸的限制，使得房屋的开间和进深两个方向的尺寸都较大，可以满足绝大部分房屋建造的需要，取得了很好的综合效果，且实用性强， 应用广泛。
附图说明
图1表示现有的盒子建筑中的单个结构单元的示意图。
图2表示现有的盒子建筑中的多个结构单元的连接示意图。
图3表示现有的盒子建筑中的单个结构单元的骨架结构示意图。
图4表示本发明建筑结构模块的结构示意图。
图5表示三个本发明建筑结构模块沿前后方向拼接后的结构示意图。
图6表示多个本发明建筑结构模块沿前后方向拼接后的结构示意图。
图7表示多个本发明建筑结构模块沿左右方向拼接后的结构示意图。
图8表示多个本发明建筑结构模块沿上下方向拼接后的结构示意图。
图9表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼的结构示意图。
图10表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼每一层的结构示意图。
图11表示本发明设计的待建的三层小楼的每一层的每个户型分割成的多个建筑结构模块的结构示意图。
图12表示图11中的多个建筑结构模块的连接成一层的结构示意图。
图13表示图12中的每一层结构连接成房屋整体的结构示意图。
图14表示本发明建筑结构模块的另一种结构示意图。
图15表示房屋平面图的分割方式。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
作为本发明的一个实施方式，如图4所示，本发明建筑结构模块包括底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4，所述底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4围成长方腔体。该长方腔体的每个面均为长方形。建筑结构模块的长度即为底面1或顶面2的长度，建筑结构模块的宽度即为底面1或顶面2的宽度，也是左侧面3和右侧面4的宽度。建筑结构模块的高度为左侧面3和右侧面4的高度。
建筑结构模块的长度12米，宽度2.4米，高度2.9米；由于长边的跨度较大，在建筑结构模块的内部每间隔一段距离设置两块承重墙面5。建筑结构模块的底 面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4，以及两块承重墙面5均为一体浇筑预制成型的承重结构面。
当建筑结构模块长度的跨度较小时，如小于6米时，建筑结构模块内部可以不需要设置承重墙面5；或者虽然长度的跨度较大，但是材料或结构的改进使整体强度满足要求时，建筑结构模块内部也可以不设置承重墙面5。
该建筑结构模块没有前、后侧面，或者说建筑结构模块的前侧面和右侧面未填充物体。因此，将可将建筑结构模块再前后方向进行拼接以拓展使用空间的面积，拼接后的结构示意图如图5、6所示。
在某些建筑结构模块的前侧面或后侧面可设置非承重结构面，门、窗等非承重部件可以设置在此处。
本发明的建筑结构模块不仅可以通过前后方向进行拼接，还可以通过左右方向以及上下方向进行拼接，左右方向拼接的结构示意图如图7所示，上下方向拼接的结构示意图如图8所示。每个建筑结构模块的具体连接方式为现有技术，比如可以在建筑结构模块的每个角布置钢结构螺杆和连接盒进行相互固定连接。
一栋房屋可以分割成多个堆积、拼接的建筑结构模块，而这些建筑结构模块均可以在工厂完成预制，并且安装水、电、门窗等所有装修，运输到现场后只需要进行吊装，对接管线即可入住。
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，下面根据具体的房屋对本发明房屋设计及分割、拼接方法进行详细说明。
图9所示为一栋待建三层小楼，每层分为A，B两个户型。该小楼设计尺寸为长21米(A户长12米，B户长9米)，最大宽度6.9米，在房屋的前后方向设置窗户，用于采光。那么可以根据该具体的建筑设计对该三层小楼进行分割：首先，按层分割，得到三曾同样的单层结构，每一层的示意图如图10所示；再将每一层的A，B两户分割，再对每个户型分别进行分割，分别得到三个建筑结构模块(如图11所示)：A户型具体分割为2.3m×12m，2.3m×12m和2.3m×10m的三个建筑结构模块，B户型具体分割为2.3m×9m，2.3m×9m和2.3m×7m三个建筑结构模块。
分别在工厂制造图11中的这些建筑结构模块，再进行连接，连接后的每一层结构如图12所示，再连接每一层，得到如图13所示的房屋，将建筑结构模块之间的管线连接后即可完成房屋的建造。
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，建筑结构模块的形状如图14所示，该建筑结构模块中只有底面1、顶面2、左侧面3和右侧面4，这四个面围成长方腔体，建筑结构模块的长度(即底面1的长度)为4m，由于建筑结构模块的长度跨度较小，其内部没有设置其他承力部件。
作为本发明的另一个实施方式，对某房屋设计进行分割，该房屋的平面图如图15(图中标注单位为mm)所示。该房屋的开间为9000mm，进深7314mm；具体来说，餐厅的开间为4300mm，与餐厅相连的卧室的开间为4700mm。其中，具有斜剖面线的墙面为承重墙面，其他为非承重墙面。可以按图15中两条颜色最深的黑色实线进行分割，分割成3个建筑结构模块，每个建筑结构模块的宽度均为2438mm，其中两个建筑结构模块的长度为9000mm。然后分别制造这些建筑结构模块，最后进行组合。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块为工厂一体浇筑预制成型的整体结构，建筑结构模块至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；
    所述建筑结构模块沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，建筑结构模块的长度大于宽度；
    所述建筑结构模块的宽度为：将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸分割成若干单元，所述建筑结构模块的宽度尺寸则为该分割后的单元的宽度尺寸；
    建筑结构模块的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，建筑结构模块的左右方向是房屋的开间方向。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述运输宽度限定尺寸为3.5米。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的宽度为1.5‐2.5米。
  4. 如权利要求1‐3任一项所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的高度不超过运输高度限定尺寸。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述运输高度限定尺寸为3.6米。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的高度为2.5‐3.6米。
  7. 如权利要求1‐3任一项所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的长度不超过运输长度限定尺寸。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述运输长度限定尺寸为12米。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的长度为7‐12米。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的底面和顶面相互平行，左侧面和右侧面相互平行。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，底面和左侧面相互垂直。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块为长方腔体。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的内部设承重结构件，所述承重结构件与建筑结构模块的底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面为工厂一体浇筑预制成型。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述承重结构件为承重墙面，承重墙面与底面、顶面垂直。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块内部设1‐3块承重墙面。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，在建筑结构模块上安装门和/或窗。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块内预埋水、电、气管线。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块的角边预埋有连接螺栓和/或连接盒。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的建筑结构模块，其特征在于，所述建筑结构模块由钢筋混凝土或者超高性能混凝土预制而成。
  20. 一种房屋，其特征在于，包括若干个权利要求1‐19任一项所述的建筑结构模块；在房屋的同一层中，沿建筑结构模块的前后方向将若干个建筑结构模块进行依次拼接；建筑结构模块的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，建筑结构模块的左右方向为房屋的开间方向。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的房屋，其特征在于，在房屋的同一层中，所述建筑结构模块还沿房屋的开间方向进行拼接。
  22. 如权利要求20或21所述的房屋，其特征在于，在房屋的不同层中，建筑结构模块还沿上下方向进行拼接。
  23. 如权利要求20所述的房屋，其特征在于，所述房屋由若干个建筑结构模块通过连接螺栓和连接盒固定而成。
  24. 一种房屋的建造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将房屋设计进行分割，分成若干单元，使每个单元的尺寸不超过运输限定 尺寸；其中，将房屋设计进深按不超过运输宽度限定尺寸进行分割；
    每个单元至少由底面、左侧面、顶面和右侧面依次连接并围成腔体；每个单元沿左右方向的尺寸为长度、沿前后方向的尺寸为宽度、沿上下方向的尺寸为高度，其中，单元的长度大于宽度；单元的前后方向为房屋的进深方向，单元的左右方向是房屋的开间方向；
    (2)根据分割后得到的若干单元，在工厂预制成型该单元对应的建筑结构模块，所述建筑结构模块为权利要求1‐19任一项所述的建筑结构模块；
    (3)对预制成型的建筑结构模块进行装修；
    (4)将装修后的建筑结构模块从工厂运输到待建房屋的工地；
    (5)根据房屋设计，在工地上通过吊装将若干个建筑结构模块依次拼接、固定，并将建筑结构模块之间的管线对接、收口，即完成房屋的建造。
PCT/CN2018/100946 2018-08-13 2018-08-17 一种建造房屋用的建筑结构模块和房屋及其建造方法 WO2020034175A1 (zh)

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