WO2020031953A1 - 微生物増殖抑制剤、微生物汚染防止方法、及び、飲料 - Google Patents
微生物増殖抑制剤、微生物汚染防止方法、及び、飲料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020031953A1 WO2020031953A1 PCT/JP2019/030714 JP2019030714W WO2020031953A1 WO 2020031953 A1 WO2020031953 A1 WO 2020031953A1 JP 2019030714 W JP2019030714 W JP 2019030714W WO 2020031953 A1 WO2020031953 A1 WO 2020031953A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- beverage
- isoxanthohumol
- bacteria
- microorganism
- genus
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Classifications
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C3/00—Treatment of hops
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/10—Preserving against microbes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/085—Bacillus cereus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/145—Clostridium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/44—Staphylococcus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microbial growth inhibitor containing isoxanthohumol, a method for preventing microbial contamination using isoxanthohumol, and a beverage.
- microbial contamination such as yeast, bacteria (bacteria), and mold
- Typical methods for preventing microbial contamination include lowering the pH to acidic, lowering water activity by drying, etc., performing heat treatment, storing at low temperature, adding a preservative, performing aseptic packaging, and nitrogen. And filling and packaging.
- the method of sterilizing beverages and the bacteria resistance thereof are based on the properties of beverages such as contained components (eg, sugar, fruit juice, alcohol, vitamins or micronutrients), carbonic acid, water quality, pH, etc., and types of microorganisms to be sterilized. And can be influenced by For this reason, energetic research has been conducted on the search for safe natural components that have antibacterial activity against various microorganisms.
- Xanthohumol is known as a component contained in hops (scientific name: Humulus lupulus), which is a plant of the hemp family and used as a raw material for beer.
- Xanthohumol is a kind of polyphenol whose molecular formula is represented by C 21 H 22 O 5 , and is particularly classified as “prenyl chalcone” among polyphenols.
- a carcinogenesis inhibitory action an anti-inflammatory action, an anti-obesity action, a bone resorption inhibitory action, an antibacterial action and the like have been reported.
- Patent Literature 1 describes a food preservative containing xanthohumol as a hop cone component as an active ingredient, and xanthohumol has an antibacterial action against a specific spoilage bacterium (Bacillus subtilis and the like). Is disclosed. However, it is unknown whether it has an antibacterial action against other putrefactive bacteria, and no antibacterial action against heat-resistant eosinophilic bacteria is disclosed.
- Xanthohumol is irreversibly transformed into isoxanthohumol with heating.
- Patent Document 1 reports that xanthohumol exhibited an antibacterial effect on foods. However, it has not been reported that isoxanthohumol produced as a result of irreversible structural transformation of xanthohumol upon heating exhibits such an antibacterial effect. In addition, for example, in the production of beverages, heating under sterilization conditions based on the Food Sanitation Law is required. Therefore, a substance that has thermal stability and contributes to the antibacterial action of foods and beverages is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a microbial growth inhibitor, a method for preventing microbial contamination, and a beverage comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance that is heat-stable and has antibacterial activity against various microorganisms.
- isoxanthohumol exhibits antibacterial activity against various microorganisms. Further, since isoxanthohumol has heat resistance, it has been conceived that isoxanthohumol is superior in terms of beverage suitability as compared with xanthohumol and can be applied to various beverages and the like, leading to the completion of the present invention.
- Isoxanthohumol is a substance contained in a trace amount also in hops (Humulus lupulus L), has an antibacterial effect, and is excellent in beverage suitability. For this reason, by blending isoxanthohumol, it is possible to develop beverages and the like having high safety and high storage stability.
- the present invention relates to the following microbial growth inhibitor, a method for preventing microbial contamination of a beverage, and a beverage.
- microorganism according to [1], wherein the microorganism is at least one selected from the group consisting of Aliclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus aureus. Agent.
- isoxanthohumol is added so as to be 50 mass ppm or more.
- [7] The method for preventing microbial contamination according to the above [5] or [6], wherein the pH of the beverage is adjusted to 4.6 or less.
- [8] The method according to any of [5] to [7] above, wherein the microorganism is at least one kind of bacterium selected from the group consisting of bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus, Bacillus, Clostridium and Staphylococcus. Microbial contamination prevention method.
- microorganism according to [8], wherein the microorganism is at least one selected from the group consisting of [8], wherein the microorganism is at least one selected from the group consisting of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Method [10] A beverage containing isoxanthohumol in a range from more than 50 ppm by mass to 180 ppm by mass and having a pH of 4.6 or less.
- the beverage of the above-mentioned [10] which contains at least 60 mass ppm of isoxanthohumol.
- the microbial growth inhibitor, the microbial contamination prevention method, and a drink can be provided which contain the substance which is heat-stable and has an antimicrobial action with respect to various microorganisms as an active ingredient.
- the microorganism growth inhibitor of the present invention contains isoxanthohumol as an active ingredient.
- Isoxanthohumol is stable to heat and exhibits an antibacterial effect. Therefore, even in the case of being blended into a beverage that requires heating under sterilization conditions based on the Food Sanitation Law in the production, the microorganism growth inhibitor of the present invention exhibits a microbial growth inhibitory effect in the manufacturing process because it exhibits an effect of suppressing the growth of microorganisms.
- Isoxanthohumol can be prepared, for example, from hop (Humulus upulus) extract via a process such as heating. By heating the hop extract, isoxanthohumol can be generated in the extract.
- the hop extract is usually prepared by extracting hop cones with a solvent and, if necessary, through a process relating to purification, and can be obtained by a known hop extract preparation method. Examples of the extraction method include an extraction method using an ethanol solvent used as a method for preparing a hop extract used for beer brewing. Hop extracts are commercially available, and commercially available hop extracts can also be used.
- the hop extract is preferably heated at 80 to 140 ° C.
- isoxanthohumol (more preferably 85 to 100 ° C.) for 15 minutes to 5 hours (more preferably 20 minutes to 3 hours) to produce isoxanthohumol.
- Purification of the hop extract for preparing isoxanthohumol is performed by a known method. Examples of the purification method include methods such as use of an HPLC or an adsorption column, and precipitation using a change in solubility.
- isoxanthohumol can be produced by heating xanthohumol. The heating temperature at this time is preferably 80 to 140 ° C. (more preferably 85 to 100 ° C.) for 15 minutes to 5 hours (more preferably 20 minutes to 3 hours).
- isoxanthohumol is stable even at a high temperature condition of, for example, 100 ° C.
- sterilization conditions are defined as standard standards for soft drinks, etc., for example, those with a pH of 4.0 or more (excluding those with a pH of 4.6 or more and a water activity exceeding 0.94) Requires heating at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- isoxanthohumol is stably contained in the beverage, and thus has the advantage of being easily blended into the beverage. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a beverage using a microorganism growth inhibitor which is safe and has an antibacterial action against various microorganisms.
- microorganisms include not only bacteria (bacteria), but also fungi (mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and the like), viruses, microalgae, and the like. ).
- the microorganism is preferably at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus, bacteria of the genus Bacillus, bacteria of the genus Clostridium and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus.
- the microorganisms may be Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium difficile glyphs. More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of A. aureus. Isoxanthohumol has an antibacterial effect on the above microorganisms.
- Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a bacterium belonging to the genus Alicyclobacillus, which is a gram-positive spore bacterium, and is a thermostable acidophilic bacterium.
- the thermostable acidophilic bacterium is not easily killed by ordinary heat sterilization even under acidic conditions of pH 6.5 or less, and has an action of converting ferulic acid in fruit juice to guaiacol, which is an off-odor causing substance. Therefore, it is known that when multiplied, the quality of food and drink is deteriorated.
- the main preventive measures include sterilization at a higher temperature than the standard and the use of benzoic acid.
- the former has a problem in that the flavor of the beverage is impaired, and the latter has a problem of being repelled by a synthetic preservative.
- Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, and forms spores. It is a food poisoning bacterium that is often found in nature such as soil and sewage.
- Clostridium perfringens is a common anaerobic bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium, which has a common name “C. perfringens”. It is a resident bacterium in the intestine of humans and animals, and is widely distributed in natural environments such as soil. Among the C. perfringens, those that produce enterotoxin are the causative bacteria of food poisoning.
- Clostridium difficile inhabits the natural environment such as soil, hay and sand and the intestinal tract and feces of humans and animals. Since this bacterium forms spores in a sub-terminal manner, it is stable even in harsh environments such as acids, alkalis, aerobic conditions, high temperatures and malnutrition.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci. This bacterium is a resident bacterium present on the skin surface and pores of the human body. Enterotoxin-producing strains produce toxins when grown in food. Ingestion of enterotoxin with food causes staphylococcal food poisoning. Enterotoxin is heat-resistant (100 ° C., 30 minutes), is not inactivated by ordinary heating, and is stable even under freezing. It is highly toxic among staphylococci resident on human skin.
- microorganisms are listed as test food and drink harmful bacteria, and heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria (Aliclobacillus acidoterrestris) in particular are bacteria that have a risk of proliferating in acidic beverages.
- the present invention is also a method for preventing microbial contamination of a beverage, wherein isoxanthohumol is added so as to be 25 mass ppm or more.
- isoxanthohumol is added to the beverage in an amount of 25 ppm by mass or more, a sufficient effect of suppressing the growth of microorganisms including heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria can be obtained.
- isoxanthohumol so as to be 50 mass ppm or more. This is because a growth inhibitory effect against various microorganisms, that is, an antibacterial activity can be sufficiently obtained.
- isoxanthohumol added to the beverage in an amount of 25 to 500 ppm by mass, and more preferably 50 to 500 ppm by mass.
- isoxanthohumol is a substance that has a unique sourness and bitterness, and exhibits bitterness and sourness when mixed in a large amount in a beverage.
- the bitterness and the sourness are included in the five basic tastes of sweetness, sourness, bitterness, salty taste (saltiness) and umami, and are sensations caused by stimulation of taste buds on the tongue.
- the taste and taste of foods and drinks are composed of various elements, and in addition to the basic taste sensed by taste buds as described above, pain, temperature, and olfaction that directly stimulate the skin in the oral cavity The smell that it gives also has an effect, and a variety of information can be felt together.
- a method for improving the acidity and bitterness of beverages and the like a method of adding sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, and the like having a sweet taste is generally known. This does not eliminate the sourness and bitterness itself, but covers the sourness and bitterness with a strong sweetness. However, sweetness is most easily perceived in a temperature (37 ° C.) band around human skin, but hardly perceived in a low-temperature region (5 ° C. or less) and a high-temperature region (55 ° C. or more) due to a thermal stimulus. There is a tendency.
- bitterness and sourness tend to be perceived even in a low temperature region, and sourness tends to be perceived even in a high temperature region. Therefore, between a beverage at room temperature (25 ° C.) and a beverage at low temperature (5 ° C. or lower), even if the same component is contained, the beverage at low temperature is less likely to perceive sweetness, and is more likely to perceive bitterness and sourness. . On the other hand, in the case of a beverage at room temperature, sweetness is more easily perceived, and bitterness and sourness are masked to sweetness and are less perceived.
- the state of solid foods and beverages differs between solids and liquids.Liquid beverages diffuse into the oral cavity immediately after ingestion and come into contact with many taste buds on the tongue. The taste tends to be stronger and more easily perceived. As described above, when a human perceives the taste and taste of food and drink, the temperature and condition of the food and drink are affected in addition to the components and amounts of the components contained in the food and drink.
- isoxanthohumol is more preferably added to the beverage so as to be 200 mass ppm or less, and even more preferably 180 mass ppm or less.
- the beverage according to one embodiment of the present invention preferably contains xanthohumol in an amount of 200 mass ppm or less, more preferably 180 mass ppm or less.
- the microbial growth inhibitor and the method for preventing microbial contamination of beverages of the present invention are preferably used for beverages having a pH of 4.6 or less, and more preferably for beverages having a pH of 4.0 or less.
- those having a pH of less than 4.0 are at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes or equivalent or more
- those having a pH of 4.0 or more and less than 4.6 are at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes or It is necessary to heat sterilize under the same or higher conditions, but such heat sterilization treatment may leave a risk of microbial contamination by heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria.
- the method for preventing microbial contamination of a beverage of the present invention preferably includes a step of adjusting the pH of the beverage to 4.6 or less.
- the method for preventing microbial contamination of a beverage according to the present invention is suitably used for preventing contamination of a heat-resistant acidophilic bacterium in a beverage.
- the method of the present invention more preferably has a step of adjusting the pH of the beverage to 4.0 or less. According to the manufacturing standards described in the Food Sanitation Law, those having a pH of less than 4.0 are at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes or equivalent or more, and those having a pH of 4.0 or more and less than 4.6 are at 85 ° C.
- the pH of the beverage may be adjusted to less than 4.6 or may be adjusted to less than 4.0.
- what is necessary is just to have the pH of the drink finally set to the pH described above.
- the pH can be adjusted by a known method such as adding a pH adjuster as necessary.
- the pH can be measured with a commercially available pH meter.
- the microorganism is preferably at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus, bacteria of the genus Bacillus, bacteria of the genus Clostridium, and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus.
- the microorganism is at least one selected from the group consisting of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isoxanthohumol is effective in preventing the contamination of the microorganisms in beverages.
- the beverage in which the microbial growth inhibitor of the present invention and the method for preventing microbial contamination are used are described in detail below, but include alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beer taste beverages, carbonated beverages, functional beverages, and fruit / vegetable beverages. It is preferred that The above-mentioned beverages have a pH of 4.6 or less, and are heat-resistant eosinophilic bacteria harmful to acidic beverages, such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and various bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus cereus), Clostridium and Staphylococcus. This is because it is desired to have an antibacterial effect on microorganisms.
- non-alcoholic beer taste drinks carbonated drinks, more preferably used for functional drinks or fruit / vegetable drinks, and more preferably used for functional drinks or fruit / vegetable drinks preferable. This is because the heat-resistant acidophilic bacterium has a high possibility of growing.
- the present invention is also a beverage containing isoxanthohumol in a range of more than 50 mass ppm and 180 mass ppm or less and having a pH of 4.6 or less.
- isoxanthohumol By adding isoxanthohumol to a drink having a pH of 4.6 or less in an amount of more than 50 ppm by mass, a sufficient antibacterial activity against various microorganisms, that is, an effect of suppressing the growth of microorganisms can be obtained.
- the content of isoxanthohumol is 180 mass ppm or less, a sufficient effect of suppressing the growth of microorganisms can be obtained without impairing the flavor of a beverage having a pH of 4.6 or less.
- those having a pH of less than 4.0 are at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes or more, and those having a pH of 4.0 or more and less than 4.6 are at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes or It is necessary to heat sterilize under the same or higher conditions, but such heat sterilization treatment may cause a problem of contamination by heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria.
- the sterilization temperature and time required to reduce the number of viable bacteria of the genus Alicyclobacillus to 1/10 are reported to be 10 minutes or more at a heating temperature of 90 ° C. (“Food and Container 2015 VOL. 56”). No. 3 "). According to this, when sterilized under the conditions described in the Food Sanitation Law, a soft drink having a pH of less than 4.6 may not be sufficient to kill heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria.
- the drink of this invention contains 60 mass ppm or more of isoxanthohumol.
- the content of isoxanthohumol can be measured by, for example, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or quantitative analysis using an LC-MS / MS system (TSQ Quantiva, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
- TSQ Quantiva quantitative analysis using an LC-MS / MS system
- the beverage of the present invention is preferably an alcoholic beverage, a non-alcoholic beer taste beverage, a carbonated beverage, a functional beverage, or a fruit / vegetable beverage.
- the alcoholic beverage examples include beer, beer-based beverages, alcoholic beverages other than beer and beer-based beverages.
- the beverage of the present invention is a beer-based beverage, it is preferably a low-malt beer or a third beer.
- the beverage of the present invention is an alcoholic beverage other than beer and a beer-based beverage, it is preferably shochu, chuhai, liqueur, cocktail, spirits, or whiskey.
- non-alcoholic beer-taste beverage in the present specification means a carbonated beverage having a beer-like flavor, and is a non-fermented non-alcoholic type, which does not substantially contain alcohol.
- the non-alcoholic beer taste beverage does not exclude a beverage containing a trace amount of alcohol that cannot be detected.
- the beverage of the present invention is a carbonated beverage
- it is preferably a cola flavor beverage, a transparent carbonated beverage, a ginger ale, a fruit-based carbonated beverage, a milk-containing carbonated beverage, or a sugar-free carbonated beverage.
- the beverage of the present invention is a functional beverage, it is preferably a sports drink, an energy drink, a health support beverage or a pouch jelly beverage.
- the beverage of the present invention is a fruit / vegetable beverage, it is preferably a 100% fruit beverage, a fruit-containing beverage, a low juice-containing soft drink, a fruit-containing fruit beverage, or a pulp beverage.
- the beverage of the present invention is preferably a non-alcoholic beer taste beverage, a carbonated beverage, a functional beverage or a fruit / vegetable beverage, and among them, a functional beverage or a fruit / vegetable beverage is more preferred.
- the pH of the beverage is less than or equal to 4.6 and may be less than 4.6. Further, the pH is preferably 3.0 or more.
- the beverage of the present invention has an antibacterial activity against various microorganisms, and is useful as a beverage in which contamination by microorganisms is suppressed.
- it has an antibacterial action against heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria, and is therefore particularly useful as a beverage in which contamination by heat-resistant acidophilic bacteria is suppressed.
- the beverage of the present invention is preferably a beverage provided in a low temperature region of 5 ° C. or less (eg, 4 to 5 ° C.) or a high temperature region of 55 ° C. or more (eg, 55 to 95 ° C.).
- the beverage of the present invention contains isoxanthohumol having antibacterial activity, but is contained at a specific concentration that does not impair the flavor of the beverage, a low-temperature region in which bitterness and sourness are easily perceived, This is because the flavor of the beverage is not impaired even in a high-temperature region where acidity is easily perceived.
- the form of the beverage is not particularly limited, and may be a packaged beverage.
- Containers for packaged beverages are not particularly limited, and containers of any form and material may be used.
- metal containers such as aluminum cans and steel cans; resin containers such as PET bottles; paper such as paper packs Containers; glass containers such as glass bottles; and commonly used containers such as wooden containers such as barrels can be used.
- the beverage can be prepared, for example, by blending isoxanthohumol with a substance (for example, any food material or food additive) used for producing the beverage.
- a substance for example, any food material or food additive
- Isoxanthohumol was isolated and purified from a hop extract (manufactured by Asama Kasei) by the following method. That is, isoxanthohumol was purified from the hop extract by normal phase column chromatography, reverse phase column chromatography, and preparative HPLC purification, and the purity was confirmed to be 95% or more by HPLC analysis. In the HPLC analysis, Develosil C30-UG-5 (Nomura Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as a column, and the ultraviolet absorption measurement wavelength of the detector was 280 nm. The obtained isoxanthohumol was used in the following experiments as a standard (purity: 95% or more).
- Example 1 The following microorganisms (bacteria and bacteria) were pre-cultured as test bacteria to obtain a test bacterial solution.
- the conditions for the preculture were as follows.
- the thermostable acidophilic bacterium was aerobically cultured at 50 ⁇ 1 ° C. for 2 days using YSG broth. Aerobic culture of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus was performed at 37 ⁇ 1 ° C. for 18 to 20 hours using Mueller Hinton Broth (manufactured by Difco Japan Becton Dickinson).
- Welsh bacteria were anaerobically cultured at 35 ⁇ 1 ° C. for 18 to 20 hours using GAM broth (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
- Clostridium difficile (spores) were anaerobically cultured at 37 ⁇ 1 ° C. for 7 days using a BHIA medium supplemented with taurocholate.
- Test bacteria -Thermostable acidophilic bacteria (Aliclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025) ⁇ Bacillus cereus IFO 13494 -Welsh bacteria (Clostridium perfringens JCM 1290) ⁇ Clostridium difficile (spore) (Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689) -Staphylococcus aureus subsp.
- isoxanthohumol inhibits the growth of the various microorganisms described above, and has an antibacterial action, that is, an action of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
- the microbial growth inhibitor, the method for preventing microbial contamination of a beverage, and the beverage of the present invention are useful in the field of foods and beverages.
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Abstract
Description
また、例えば、飲料の製造においては食品衛生法に基づいた殺菌条件による加熱が必要であるため、熱安定性を有し、なおかつ飲食品の抗菌作用に資する物質が求められている。
イソキサントフモールは、ホップ(Humulus lupulus L)にも微量に含まれる物質であり、抗菌作用を示しかつ飲料適性に優れる。このためイソキサントフモールを配合することにより、安全性が高く、保存安定性の高い飲料等の開発が可能となる。
[1]有効成分としてイソキサントフモールを含む微生物増殖抑制剤。
[2]飲料用である上記[1]に記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
[3]微生物がアリシクロバチルス属細菌、バチルス属細菌、クロストリジウム属細菌及びブドウ球菌属細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の細菌である上記[1]又は[2]に記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
[4]微生物がAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris、Bacillus cereus、Clostridium perfringens、Clostridium difficile、及び、Staphylococcus aureusからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
[5]イソキサントフモールを25質量ppm以上となるように添加する飲料の微生物汚染防止方法。
[6]イソキサントフモールを50質量ppm以上となるように添加する上記[5]記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
[7]飲料のpHを4.6以下に調整する上記[5]又は[6]に記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
[8]微生物がアリシクロバチルス属細菌、バチルス属細菌、クロストリジウム属細菌及びブドウ球菌属細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の細菌である上記[5]~[7]のいずれかに記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
[9]微生物がAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris、Bacillus cereus、Clostridium perfringens、Clostridium difficile、及び、Staphylococcus aureusからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である上記[5]~[8]のいずれかに記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
[10]イソキサントフモールを50質量ppmより多く180質量ppm以下の範囲で含有し、pHが4.6以下である飲料。
[11]イソキサントフモールを60質量ppm以上含有する上記[10]に記載の飲料。
[12]飲料がアルコール飲料、ノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料、炭酸飲料、機能性飲料又は果実・野菜系飲料である上記[10]又は[11]に記載の飲料。
[13]飲料がノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料、機能性飲料、炭酸飲料又は果実・野菜系飲料である上記[10]~[12]のいずれかに記載の飲料。
イソキサントフモールは、熱に対して安定であり、抗菌作用を示す。そのため、製造にあたり食品衛生法に基づいた殺菌条件による加熱が必要な飲料に配合された場合であっても、微生物の増殖抑制効果を示すため、本発明の微生物増殖抑制剤は、製造工程で加熱が必要な飲食品に対し好適に使用される。なかでも、飲料に対し好適に使用される。
従って、本発明の微生物増殖抑制剤は、飲料用であることが好ましい。
また、微生物が、アリシクロバチルス・アシドテレストリス(Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris)、バチルス・セレウス(Bacillus cereus)、クロストリジウム・パーフリンジェンス(Clostridium perfringens)、クロストリジウム・ディフィシル(Clostridium difficile)、及び、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましい。
イソキサントフモールは上記微生物に対して抗菌作用を示す。
イソキサントフモールを飲料に25質量ppm以上添加すると、耐熱性好酸性菌を含む微生物に対する増殖抑制効果を充分に得ることができる。
なお、イソキサントフモールを50質量ppm以上となるように添加することがより好ましい。種々の微生物に対する増殖抑制効果、すなわち抗菌活性を充分に得ることができるためである。
イソキサントフモールの添加量は多ければ多いほど、微生物汚染防止効果を期待できるが、その飲料が本来持つ香味を維持する観点から、本発明の飲料の微生物汚染防止方法において、イソキサントフモールを、飲料に対し、500質量ppm以下となるように添加することが好ましい。
イソキサントフモールを飲料に対し、25~500質量ppmとなるように添加することが好ましく、50~500質量ppmとなるように添加することがより好ましい。
ここで、苦味や酸味は、5つの基本味である甘味、酸味、苦味、塩味(鹹味)及び旨味に含まれるものであり、舌にある味蕾の刺激によって生じる感覚である。飲食品の味やおいしさは、種々の要素によって構成されており、上述のように味蕾で感知された基本味の他に、口腔内の皮膚を直接刺激する痛覚、温度感覚、及び、嗅覚で知覚する匂いも影響し、様々な情報が相まって感じられるものである。
ここで、飲料等の酸味や苦味の改善方法としては、一般的に甘味を有する糖類やアミノ酸、核酸などを添加する方法が知られている。これは、酸味や苦味そのものを消去するのではなく、強い甘味で、酸味及び苦味をカバーするものである。
しかしながら、甘味は、人肌程度の温度(37℃)帯で一番知覚されやすいが、低温領域(5℃以下)及び高温領域(55℃以上)では、温度刺激が加わることにより知覚されにくくなる傾向にある。一方、苦味や酸味は、低温領域においても知覚されやすく、また、酸味については高温領域においても知覚されやすい傾向にある。そのため、室温(25℃)の飲料と、低温(5℃以下)の飲料とでは、同じ成分が含まれていても低温の飲料の方は、甘味が知覚されにくく、苦味及び酸味が知覚されやすい。一方、室温の飲料の方は、甘みが知覚されやすく、苦味及び酸味は甘味にマスキングされ知覚されにくい。
このように、ヒトが飲食品の味やおいしさを知覚するにあたっては、飲食品に含まれる成分及び成分量に加え、飲食品の温度や状態も影響している。
なお、飲料のpHを4.6未満に調整してもよく、4.0未満に調整してもよい。
なお、飲料のpHは、最終的に上記に記載のpHとなっていればよい。
pHの調整は、例えば、必要に応じてpH調整剤を添加する等の公知の方法で行うことができる。pHは、市販のpHメーターで測定することができる。
また、微生物が、Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris、Bacillus cereus、Clostridium perfringens、Clostridium difficile、及び、Staphylococcus aureusからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましい。イソキサントフモールは飲料における上記微生物の汚染防止に有効である。
pH4.6以下の飲料に対して、イソキサントフモールを50質量ppmより多く含有させることで、種々の微生物に対し充分な抗菌活性、すなわち微生物の増殖抑制効果を得ることができるためである。さらに、イソキサントフモールの含有量が、180質量ppm以下であることにより、pH4.6以下の飲料の風味を損なうことなく、充分な微生物の増殖抑制効果を得ることができる。
食品衛生法に記載された製造基準に従うと、pH4.0未満のものは65℃、10分間又はこれと同等以上の条件で、pH4.0以上4.6未満のものは85℃、30分間又はこれと同等以上の条件で加熱殺菌される必要があるが、このような加熱殺菌処理では、耐熱性好酸性菌による汚染問題を生じる可能性があるためである。例えば、Alicyclobacillus属の生菌数を1/10に減少させるために必要な殺菌温度と時間について、90℃の加熱温度の場合、10分間以上と報告されている(『食品と容器 2015 VOL.56 NO.3』)。これによると、食品衛生法に記載された条件で殺菌を行った場合、pH4.6未満の清涼飲料においては、耐熱性好酸性菌を死滅させるには充分とは言い切れない可能性がある。
イソキサントフモールの含有量は、例えば、高速液体クロマトグラフィ(HPLC)やLC-MS/MSシステム(TSQ Quantiva、サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)を用いて定量解析することで測定することができる。高速液体クロマトグラフィ(HPLC)を用いたイソキサントフモールの測定方法としては、例えば、以下の条件が挙げられる。
(基本条件)
装置:SHIMADZU LC-20AD(株式会社島津製作所製)
流速:1.0mL/分
分析時間:25分/サンプル
カラム:NOMURA CHEMICALS Develosil C30-UG-5,4.6mmΦ×150mm
カラム温度:40℃
検出器:SPD-20A
検出波長:280nm
(移動相)
A相:0.1% ギ酸水溶液
B相:0.1% ギ酸含有アセトニトリル
(グラジェント条件)
下記表1にグラジェント条件を示す。B相の比率(%)はv/v%である。
本発明の飲料がビール系飲料である場合、発泡酒又は第三のビールであることが好ましい。
本発明の飲料がビール及びビール系飲料以外のアルコール飲料である場合、焼酎、チューハイ、リキュール、カクテル、スピリッツ、ウイスキーであることが好ましい。
本発明の飲料が機能性飲料である場合、スポーツドリンク、エナジードリンク、健康サポート飲料又はパウチゼリー飲料であることが好ましい。
イソキサントフモールの調製
ホップ抽出物(アサマ化成社製)から、以下の方法でイソキサントフモールを単離精製した。すなわち、順相カラムクロマトグラフィー、逆相カラムクロマトグラフィー、分取HPLC精製によりホップ抽出物を原料にイソキサントフモールを精製し、HPLC分析により純度が95%以上であることを確認した。なおHPLC分析においては、カラムとしてDevelosil C30-UG-5(野村化学社)を使用し、検出器の紫外線吸収測定波長は280nmとした。得られたイソキサントフモールを、標品(純度95%以上)として以下の実験で使用した。
試験菌として、以下の微生物(細菌、バクテリア)について、前培養を行い、試験菌液を得た。なお、前培養の条件は、それぞれ以下の通りとした。耐熱性好酸性菌は、YSG brothを用いて、50±1℃で2日間好気培養を行った。セレウス菌と黄色ブドウ球菌はMueller Hinton Broth(Difco 日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社製)を用いて、37±1℃で18~20時間好気培養を行った。ウェルシュ菌はGAMブイヨン(日水製薬株式会社)を用いて、35±1℃で18~20時間嫌気培養を行った。クロストリジウム ディフィシル(芽胞)は、タウロコール酸添加BHIA培地を用いて、37±1℃で7日間嫌気培養を行った。
(試験菌)
・耐熱性好酸性菌(Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025)
・セレウス菌(Bacillus cereus IFO 13494)
・ウェルシュ菌(Clostridium perfringens JCM 1290)
・クロストリジウム・ディフィシル(芽胞)(Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689)
・黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NBRC 12732)
次に上記寒天平板培地に、前培養を行った試験菌液を塗抹し、下記表2に記載の所定の培養条件で培養後、微生物の発育が阻止された最低濃度をもって最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)とした。得られた結果を下記表3に示す。
Claims (13)
- 有効成分としてイソキサントフモールを含む微生物増殖抑制剤。
- 飲料用である請求項1に記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
- 微生物がアリシクロバチルス属細菌、バチルス属細菌、クロストリジウム属細菌及びブドウ球菌属細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の細菌である請求項1又は2に記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
- 微生物がAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris、Bacillus cereus、Clostridium perfringens、Clostridium difficile、及び、Staphylococcus aureusからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の微生物増殖抑制剤。
- イソキサントフモールを25質量ppm以上となるように添加する飲料の微生物汚染防止方法。
- イソキサントフモールを50質量ppm以上となるように添加する請求項5に記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
- 飲料のpHを4.6以下に調整する請求項5又は6に記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
- 微生物がアリシクロバチルス属細菌、バチルス属細菌、クロストリジウム属細菌及びブドウ球菌属細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の細菌である請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
- 微生物がAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris、Bacillus cereus、Clostridium perfringens、Clostridium difficile、及び、Staphylococcus aureusからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の微生物汚染防止方法。
- イソキサントフモールを50質量ppmより多く180質量ppm以下の範囲で含有し、pHが4.6以下である飲料。
- イソキサントフモールを60質量ppm以上含有する請求項10に記載の飲料。
- 飲料がアルコール飲料、ノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料、炭酸飲料、機能性飲料又は果実・野菜系飲料である請求項10又は11に記載の飲料。
- 飲料がノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料、機能性飲料、炭酸飲料又は果実・野菜系飲料である請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の飲料。
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KR1020217007027A KR20210042950A (ko) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-08-05 | 미생물 증식 억제제, 미생물 오염 방지 방법, 및 음료 |
CN201980052816.XA CN112584709A (zh) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-08-05 | 微生物增殖抑制剂、微生物污染防止方法及饮料 |
US17/265,581 US20210169078A1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-08-05 | Agent for suppressing microbial growth, method for preventing microbial contamination, and beverage |
EP19846674.0A EP3834625A4 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-08-05 | AGENT FOR SUPPRESSING MICROBIAL GROWTH, METHOD FOR PREVENTING MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION, AND BEVERAGE |
AU2019320344A AU2019320344A1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2019-08-05 | Agent for suppressing microbial growth, method for preventing microbial contamination, and beverage |
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- 2019-08-05 EP EP19846674.0A patent/EP3834625A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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TW202011827A (zh) | 2020-04-01 |
CN112584709A (zh) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3834625A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
SG11202100258PA (en) | 2021-02-25 |
KR20210042950A (ko) | 2021-04-20 |
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