WO2020019581A1 - 一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆 - Google Patents

一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019581A1
WO2020019581A1 PCT/CN2018/115120 CN2018115120W WO2020019581A1 WO 2020019581 A1 WO2020019581 A1 WO 2020019581A1 CN 2018115120 W CN2018115120 W CN 2018115120W WO 2020019581 A1 WO2020019581 A1 WO 2020019581A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
traction
magnet motor
hollow shaft
direct drive
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/115120
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈国胜
沈龙江
易兴利
肖泽桦
谢加辉
王志明
蔡超
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Priority to US17/257,228 priority Critical patent/US20220009528A1/en
Priority to DE112018007762.4T priority patent/DE112018007762B4/de
Publication of WO2020019581A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019581A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
    • B61C9/38—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion
    • B61C9/48—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion with motors supported on vehicle frames and driving axles, e.g. axle or nose suspension
    • B61C9/50—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion with motors supported on vehicle frames and driving axles, e.g. axle or nose suspension in bogies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
    • B61C9/38—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion
    • B61C9/44—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with electric motor propulsion with hollow transmission shaft concentric with wheel axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/04—Types of bogies with more than one axle with driven axles or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/06—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating metal springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22—Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24—Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/301—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating metal springs

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of rail vehicles, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet direct drive bogie and a rail vehicle thereof.
  • permanent magnet direct drive is mainly used in light-wheel vehicles with independent rotating wheels.
  • the main form is direct drive by wheel hub or direct drive by wheel.
  • Both are permanent magnet motors that directly drive the wheels to rotate. Because of the low power of the motor, the wheel direct drive or wheel edge direct drive can only be used for light rail vehicles. High-power locomotives or motor vehicles cannot use this technology.
  • the subway or EMU also adopts permanent magnet direct drive technology.
  • the rotor of the permanent magnet motor is directly installed on the surface of the axle, and the wheel pair is directly driven by the electromagnetic action of the stator and the rotor.
  • the permanent magnet direct drive subway train disclosed in the patent CN106515750A includes a car body, a frame device and a wheel set device arranged below the car body, a permanent magnet synchronous traction motor is mounted on the axle, and two ends of the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor rotor It is connected to the axle, and the inner side of the stator of the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor is connected to the frame device through an elastic support device.
  • the traction system supporting the direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts the shaft control method, and is set between each motor and the traction inverter. There are isolated contactors.
  • Patent CN204956480U discloses a motor shaft-mounted permanent magnet direct drive bogie, including two frame devices, two permanent magnet synchronous traction motors, two triangular elastic support devices, four wheel-to-axle box devices, The two wheel-set axle box devices are connected by a frame device. The two wheels on the left and right symmetrical sides are connected by an axle. The permanent magnet synchronous traction motor is integrated with the axle through the rotor and driven by rotating the axle. The two frame devices are symmetrically located in the forward direction of the rail vehicle. On the left and right sides, the two frame devices are connected by a double traction rod device, and the triangular elastic support device is connected with the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor and the double traction rod device.
  • the above patents all belong to the structure of the direct drive bogie.
  • the motor is directly or elastically suspended on the axle.
  • the mass of the permanent magnet motor is completely unsprung mass.
  • the vehicle axle is heavy.
  • the unsprung mass has a strong force on the vertical and lateral movement of the wheel and rail. The larger impact makes it difficult to increase the speed of the vehicle to high speeds, and it is not suitable for high-speed locomotives higher than the speed of the EMU.
  • the vibration will be greater, and the vibration will affect the service life of the permanent magnet motor.
  • the distance between the permanent magnet motor and the frame beam is large, the length of the swing rod is required to be long, the amplitude of the permanent magnet motor is too large during operation, and the motor is easily damaged.
  • Patent 201610304015.6 discloses a dual-T frame elastically articulated flexible frame suspension direct drive radial bogie.
  • the innovations are mainly dual T-type elastic articulated frame with flexible function, permanent magnet direct drive motor three-point frame suspension, etc. .
  • its suspension is a rigid suspension, and the permanent magnet motor suspension is not decoupled. The vibration during operation will have an excessive impact on the permanent magnet motor.
  • the existing permanent magnet direct drive bogie has a higher traction point and is not suitable for high-speed locomotives under high power and traction conditions.
  • Quasi-high-speed locomotive The construction speed is between 160km / h and 200km / h.
  • High-speed locomotive The construction speed is not less than 200km / h.
  • the present invention aims to provide a permanent magnet direct drive bogie that can be applied to high-speed locomotives.
  • a permanent magnet direct drive bogie comprising a frame, a wheel pair disposed on the frame, and a permanent magnet motor.
  • the frame includes a longitudinal beam, a transverse beam perpendicular to the longitudinal beam, and two longitudinal beams.
  • the end beam at the end is covered with a hollow shaft on the axle of the wheelset.
  • a force-transmitting seat is fixed on the axle.
  • the permanent magnet motor is sleeved on the hollow shaft.
  • One end of the hollow shaft is connected to the permanent magnet motor through a flexible coupling.
  • the other end of the shaft is connected to the force transmission seat through a flexible coupling;
  • Protrusions are provided on both longitudinal sides of the beam;
  • the permanent magnet motor is flexibly connected to the frame through a swing rod and a suspension rod.
  • One end of the swing rod is hung on the protrusion and the other end is connected to the permanent magnet motor casing.
  • the other end is suspended on the end beam, and the permanent magnet motor can move laterally.
  • the crossbeam is provided with a protruding portion, the distance between the crossbeam and the permanent magnet motor is shortened, and the length of the swing bar is reduced.
  • the amplitude of the permanent magnet motor swing during operation is small and the amplitude to which it is subjected is small.
  • the permanent magnet motor is supported on the frame by an elastic frame suspension, which is a sprung mass, which is conducive to high-speed operation of the locomotive.
  • the suspension of the swing bar and boom makes the permanent magnet motor suspension decoupled, and it can be slightly displaced in the lateral direction during operation.
  • the vertical and lateral acceleration of the wheelset caused by line unevenness and impact will not be directly transmitted to the permanent magnet motor, which greatly improves its working conditions.
  • the failure rate is reduced and the service life is extended. And the higher the speed of the locomotive, the more obvious its advantages become.
  • the suspension method of the above solution abandons the hollow shaft six-linkage structure and has a longer life.
  • the above solution solves the problem of large vibrations and shafts of high-speed locomotives through the improvement of the shape of the structure of the structure, and the coordinated application of the hanging structure and suspension of the permanent magnet motor, as well as the coupling application.
  • a series of major and difficult issues make it possible for permanent magnet motors to drive high-speed locomotives as a power source.
  • the flexible coupling is a laminated coupling.
  • the laminated coupling includes a first transmission disc, a second transmission disc, and a metal lamination.
  • the inner sleeve of the permanent magnet motor is connected to the first transmission disc.
  • One transmission disc is connected with one end of the hollow shaft through a metal lamination
  • the second transmission disc is connected with the other end of the hollow shaft
  • the second transmission disk is connected with the force transmission base through the metal lamination.
  • a through hole is provided in the middle of the beam.
  • Through holes can reduce weight on the one hand, and provide more maintenance space on the other, making maintenance more convenient.
  • the outer contour of the beam is an octagonal structure, and the two outermost sides of the octagonal beam in the longitudinal direction are protrusions.
  • the frame further includes end beams provided at both ends of the longitudinal beam, and a damper for buffering the vibration of the permanent magnet motor is provided between the permanent magnet motor and the end beam, and the axial direction of the shock absorber is perpendicular to that of the vertical plane.
  • the included angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
  • the present invention also provides a rail vehicle including a vehicle body and the above-mentioned permanent magnet direct drive bogie.
  • the frame further includes a front beam and a rear beam provided at both ends of the longitudinal beam, and a bottom of the rear beam is provided.
  • a first traction seat; a traction beam is provided on the vehicle body, and a second traction seat is provided at the bottom of the traction beam; the first traction seat and the second traction seat are connected by a traction rod.
  • the traction point of the traction seat is moved down to achieve low-position traction, reduce the axle weight transfer, improve the adhesion utilization rate, and be more conducive to application to high-speed locomotives.
  • the present invention also provides another rail vehicle, which includes a vehicle body and the above-mentioned permanent magnet direct drive bogie.
  • a third traction seat is provided at the bottom of the protrusions on both sides of the longitudinal side of the beam, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the beam;
  • the fourth traction base is provided corresponding to the through hole; one end of the two pull rods respectively corresponds to the third traction base and the other end is It is connected with the traction pin, and the two tie rods are symmetrical with respect to the center of the traction pin;
  • the fourth traction seat is inserted into the through hole and connected with the traction pin.
  • the rail vehicle of the above scheme provides another low-position traction method.
  • the traction point is located below the through hole of the beam of the frame.
  • the structure of the "Z" double-rod is used to achieve low-position traction, which reduces the axle weight transfer, improves the adhesion utilization rate, and is more beneficial Used in high-speed locomotives.
  • the invention improves the structure shape of the frame, and cooperates with the hanging structure and suspension mounting of the permanent magnet motor, low-position traction, and the application of the coupling, thereby solving the problem that the permanent magnet motor is applied to high-speed locomotives with large vibration and large shaft
  • a series of problems such as high traction points make it possible for permanent magnet motors to drive high-speed locomotives as a power source. Eliminate the problem of lubrication and sealing of high-speed locomotive, and reduce the transmission loss, noise and maintenance cost of the existing high-speed locomotive drive system.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a bogie of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a bogie of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a bogie of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a bogie of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a bogie of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of a bogie of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a bogie of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a bogie of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a bogie of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a permanent magnet motor and a wheel set.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of hanging a permanent magnet motor.
  • a permanent magnet direct drive bogie includes a frame 1, a wheel pair 2, and a permanent magnet motor 3 provided on the frame 1.
  • the frame 1 includes a longitudinal beam 11, a transverse beam 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal beam 11, and end beams 13 provided at both ends of the longitudinal beam 11.
  • the end beam 13 is divided into a front beam 131 and a rear beam 132.
  • a through hole 122 is formed in the middle of the beam 12.
  • a hollow shaft 4 is sleeved on the axle 21 of the wheelset 2.
  • a force transmission seat 5 is fixed on the axle 21.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 is sleeved on the hollow shaft 4.
  • One end of the hollow shaft 4 is connected to the permanent magnet motor 3 through a flexible coupling 6, and the other end of the hollow shaft 4 is connected to the force transmission base 5 through a flexible coupling 3.
  • the flexible coupling 6 is a laminated coupling.
  • the laminated coupling includes a first transmission plate 61, a second transmission plate 62, and a metal laminated plate 63.
  • the inner sleeve 31 of the permanent magnet motor 3 is connected to the first transmission plate 61.
  • the first transmission plate 61 and one end of the hollow shaft 4 are connected by a metal lamination 63.
  • the second transmission plate 62 is connected to the other end of the hollow shaft 4.
  • the second transmission plate 62 is connected to the force transmission base 5 through a metal lamination 63.
  • the transverse beam 12 is provided with protrusions 121 on both sides in the longitudinal direction.
  • the outer contour of the beam 12 is an octagonal structure, and two outermost sides of the octagonal beam 12 in the longitudinal direction are protrusions 121.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 is flexibly connected to the frame 1 through a swing rod 7 and a suspension rod 17.
  • One end of the swing rod 7 is suspended from the protrusion 121 and the other end is connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 3.
  • One end of the suspension rod 17 is connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 3, and the other end is suspended from the end beam 13.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 can move laterally.
  • a damper 8 is provided between the permanent magnet motor 3 and the end beam 13 to buffer the vibration of the permanent magnet motor 3.
  • the angle between the axial direction of the shock absorber 8 and the vertical plane is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
  • this embodiment also provides a rail vehicle including a vehicle body 9 and the above-mentioned permanent magnet direct drive bogie.
  • a first traction seat 14 is provided at the bottom of the rear beam 132.
  • a traction beam 91 is provided on the vehicle body 9.
  • a second traction seat 92 is provided at the bottom of the traction beam 91.
  • the first traction base 14 and the second traction base 92 are connected by a traction rod 10.
  • a permanent magnet direct drive bogie includes a frame 1, a wheel pair 2, and a permanent magnet motor 3 provided on the frame 1.
  • the frame 1 includes a longitudinal beam 11, a transverse beam 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal beam 11, and end beams 13 provided at both ends of the longitudinal beam 11.
  • the end beam 13 is divided into a front beam 131 and a rear beam 132.
  • a through hole 122 is formed in the middle of the beam 12.
  • a hollow shaft 4 is sleeved on the axle 21 of the wheelset 2.
  • a force transmission seat 5 is fixed on the axle 21.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 is sleeved on the hollow shaft 4.
  • One end of the hollow shaft 4 is connected to the permanent magnet motor 3 through a flexible coupling 6, and the other end of the hollow shaft 4 is connected to the force transmission base 5 through a flexible coupling 3.
  • the flexible coupling 6 is preferably a laminated coupling.
  • the laminated coupling includes a first transmission plate 61, a second transmission plate 62, and a metal laminated plate 63.
  • the inner sleeve 31 of the permanent magnet motor 3 is connected to the first transmission plate 61.
  • the first transmission plate 61 and one end of the hollow shaft 4 are connected by a metal lamination 63.
  • the second transmission plate 62 is connected to the other end of the hollow shaft 4.
  • the second transmission plate 62 is connected to the force transmission base 5 through a metal lamination 63.
  • the metal laminated sheet 63 may be replaced by a six-link mechanism with a rubber joint.
  • the transverse beam 12 is provided with protrusions 121 on both sides in the longitudinal direction.
  • the outer contour of the beam 12 is an octagonal structure, and the two outermost sides of the octagonal beam 12 in the longitudinal direction are protrusions 121.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 is flexibly connected to the frame 1 through a swing rod 7 and a suspension rod 17.
  • One end of the swing rod 7 is suspended from the protrusion 121 and the other end is connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 3.
  • One end of the suspension rod 17 is connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 3, and the other end is suspended from the end beam 13.
  • the permanent magnet motor 3 can move laterally.
  • a damper 8 is provided between the permanent magnet motor 3 and the end beam 13 to buffer the vibration of the permanent magnet motor 3.
  • the angle between the axial direction of the shock absorber 8 and the vertical plane is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
  • This embodiment also provides a rail vehicle including a vehicle body 9 and the above-mentioned permanent magnet direct drive bogie.
  • a third traction seat 123 is provided on the bottom of the protruding portion 121 on both longitudinal sides of the beam 12.
  • a through hole 122 is formed in the middle of the beam 12.
  • the fourth traction seat 94 is provided corresponding to the through hole 122.
  • each of the two tie rods 16 is respectively connected to the third traction base 123 and the other end is connected to the traction pin 15, and the two tie rods 16 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the traction pin 15.
  • the fourth traction seat 94 is inserted into the through hole 122 and is connected to the traction pin 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
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Abstract

一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆，该永磁直驱转向架包括构架（1）、轮对（2）、永磁电机（3），构架（1）包括纵梁（11）、与纵梁（11）垂直的横梁（12）、设置于纵梁（11）两端的端梁（13），在轮对（2）的车轴（21）上套装有空心轴（4），车轴（21）上固定设有传力座（5），永磁电机（3）套装于空心轴（4）上，空心轴（4）一端通过柔性联轴器（6）与永磁电机（3）联结、空心轴（4）另一端通过柔性联轴器（6）与传力座（5）联结；横梁（12）纵向两侧均设有突出部（121）；永磁电机（3）通过摆杆（7）和吊杆（17）与构架（1）柔性连接，摆杆（7）一端吊挂于突出部（121）、另一端连接于永磁电机（3）外壳，摆杆（7）轴线方向沿纵向设置；吊杆（17）一端与永磁电机（3）外壳连接、另一端悬挂于端梁（13），永磁电机（3）可横向移动。

Description

一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆 技术领域
本发明属于轨道车辆领域，具体涉及一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆。
背景技术
目前，国内外高速机车均采用带齿轮传动装置的驱动系统，存在结构复杂、传递损耗大、可靠性较低的问题，特别是高速运行时的润滑密封难题较难以解决。同时，还存在噪声大、维修成本高等问题。
随着永磁电机技术的进步，轨道车辆采用直驱的应用也越来越多。目前永磁直驱主要应用于独立旋转车轮轻轨车辆，主要形式为轮毂直驱或轮边直驱，均为永磁电机直接驱动车轮旋转。轮毂直驱或轮边直驱由于电机功率小，只能用于轻轨车辆，大功率机车或动车无法采用该技术。
地铁或动车组也有采用永磁直驱技术，永磁电机转子直接安装在车轴表面，通过定子和转子的电磁作用直接驱动轮对旋转。例如：专利CN106515750A公开的永磁直驱地铁列车，包括车体、设置于车体下方的构架装置和轮对装置，轮轴上抱轴安装有永磁同步牵引电机，永磁同步牵引电机转子两端与车轴联接，永磁同步牵引电机定子的内侧通过弹性支撑装置与构架装置连接，与直驱式永磁同步电机配套的牵引系统采用轴控方式，在每台电机与牵引逆变器之间设置有隔离接触器。
专利CN204956480U公开的电机抱轴安装式永磁直驱转向架，包括两个构架装置、两个永磁同步牵引电机、两个三角形弹性支撑装置、四个轮对轴箱装置，前后相邻的两个轮对轴箱装置通过构架装置连接，左右对称两侧的两个车轮用车轴连接，永磁同步牵引电机通过转子与车轴一体，通过转动车轴实现驱动；两个构架装置对称位于轨道车辆前进方向左右两侧，两个构架装置通过双牵引拉杆装置连接，三角形弹性支撑装置连接永磁同步牵引电机和双牵引拉杆装置。
上述专利均属于直接驱动转向架的结构形式，电机直接弹性或非弹性悬挂于车轴上，永磁电机质量完全是簧下质量，车辆轴重大，簧下质量对轮轨垂向和横向动作用力有较大影响，使得车辆速度难以提升到高速，不适用于比动车组速度更高的高速机车。而且，一旦速度提高，振动会更大，振动会对永磁电机的使用寿命造成影响。同时，上述专利由于构架设计的弊端，导致永磁电机与构架横梁的间距大，需要的摆杆长度长，运行过程中永磁电机振幅过大，容易损坏电机。
另外，在地铁、轻轨或动车组等中低速车辆中，永磁电机也有采用架悬吊挂结构的案例。例如：专利201610304015.6公开了一种双T型构架弹性铰接的柔性架悬直驱径向转向架，创新点主要为具有柔性功能的双T型弹性铰接式构架、永磁直驱电机三点式架悬等。但是，其架悬采用的是刚性架悬，永磁电机悬挂未解耦，运行过程中的振动会对永磁电机造成过大影响。
除此之外，现有的永磁直驱转向架的牵引点较高，不适用于大功率大牵引力条件下的高速机车。
另外，对本案中所提到的方向词汇进行定义，在轨道车辆领域中，技术人员通常认定的方向有三种：
垂向：竖直垂直于轨面的方向。
纵向：沿着轨道的方向。
横向：水平垂直于轨道的方向。
对于机车的分类，行业内按车速的分类标准为：
普速机车：构造速度未达到160km/h。
准高速机车：构造速度介于160km/h-200km/h。
高速机车：构造速度不低于200km/h。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种能应用于高速机车的永磁直驱转向架。
本发明解决问题的技术方案是：一种永磁直驱转向架，包括构架、设置于构架上的轮对、永磁电机，构架包括纵梁、与纵梁垂直的横梁、设置于纵梁两端的端梁，在轮对的车轴上套装有空心轴，车轴上固定设有传力座，永磁电机套装于空心轴上，所述空心轴一端通过柔性联轴器与永磁电机联结、空心轴另一端通过柔性联轴器与传力座联结；
所述横梁纵向两侧均设有突出部；
所述永磁电机通过摆杆和吊杆与构架柔性连接，摆杆一端吊挂于突出部、另一端连接于永磁电机外壳，摆杆轴线方向沿纵向设置；吊杆一端与永磁电机外壳连接、另一端悬挂于端梁，永磁电机可横向移动。
上述方案中，由于横梁设有突出部，使得横梁与永磁电机之间的距离缩短，摆杆的长度减小，运行过程中永磁电机摆动的幅度小，所受的振幅小。
永磁电机采用弹性架悬的方式支承于构架上，属于簧上质量，有利于机车高速运行，且摆杆和吊杆的悬挂使得永磁电机悬挂解耦，运行过程中可在横向有少许位移，因线路 不平和冲击所引起的轮对垂向、横向加速度不会直接传到永磁电机上，使其工作条件大为改善。故障率减小，使用寿命延长。而且机车速度越高，其优点就越明显。而且上述方案的架悬方式，摒弃空心轴六连杆结构，寿命更长。
综合来看，上述方案通过对构架结构形状的改进，并配合永磁电机的吊挂结构和架悬安装、以及联轴器的配合应用，解决了永磁电机应用于高速机车的振动大、轴重大等一系列难点问题，使得永磁电机作为动力源驱动高速机车成为可能。
具体的，所述柔性联轴器为叠片联轴器，叠片联轴器包括第一传动盘、第二传动盘、金属叠片，永磁电机的内套与第一传动盘连接，第一传动盘与空心轴一端通过金属叠片联结，第二传动盘与空心轴另一端联结，第二传动盘通过金属叠片与传力座连接。
金属叠片的联轴器使用寿命更长。
优选的，所述横梁中间设有贯通孔。贯通孔一方面可以减重，另一方面可以提供更大的维修空间，使得维修更方便。
为使得结构更加稳定可靠，所述横梁外轮廓为八边形结构，八边形横梁在纵向方向上的两条最外侧边为突出部。
进一步的，所述构架还包括设置于纵梁两端的端梁，在永磁电机与端梁之间设有缓冲永磁电机振动的减振器，减振器的轴向方向与铅垂面的夹角大于0度且小于90度。
相应的，本发明还提供一种轨道车辆，包括车体、以及上述永磁直驱转向架，所述构架还包括设置于纵梁两端的前端梁和后端梁，在后端梁底部设有第一牵引座；在车体上设有牵引梁，在牵引梁底部设有第二牵引座；第一牵引座与第二牵引座通过牵引杆连接。
上述方案中，将牵引座的牵引点下移，实现低位牵引，减少轴重转移，提高了粘着利用率，更加利于应用于高速机车。
本发明还提供另一种轨道车辆，包括车体、以及上述永磁直驱转向架，在横梁纵向两侧的突出部的底部均设有第三牵引座，所述横梁中间设有贯通孔；
还包括牵引销、两根拉杆、以及设置于车体上的第四牵引座，第四牵引座对应贯通孔设置；两根拉杆的一端分别各自一一对应与第三牵引座连接、另一端均与牵引销连接，且两根拉杆相对于牵引销中心对称；
所述第四牵引座插入贯通孔内并与牵引销连接。
上述方案的轨道车辆提供了另一种低位牵引方式，牵引点位于构架横梁的贯通孔下方，利用“Z”字形双拉杆的结构实现低位牵引，减少轴重转移，提高了粘着利用率，更加利于应用于高速机车。
本发明通过对构架结构形状的改进，并配合永磁电机的吊挂结构和架悬安装、低位牵引、以及联轴器的配合应用，解决了永磁电机应用于高速机车的振动大、轴重大、牵引点高等一系列难题，使得永磁电机作为动力源驱动高速机车成为可能。消除了高速机车润滑密封问题，降低了现有高速机车驱动系统的传递损耗、噪声及维修成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为实施例1转向架主视图。
图2为实施例1转向架俯视图。
图3为实施例2转向架主视图。
图4为实施例2转向架俯视图。
图5为实施例2转向架局部剖视图。
图6为永磁电机与轮对装配示意图。
图7为永磁电机吊挂示意图。
图中：1-构架，2-轮对，3-永磁电机，4-空心轴，5-传力座，6-柔性联轴器，7-摆杆，8-减振器，9-车体，10-牵引杆，11-纵梁，12-横梁，13-端梁，14-第一牵引座，15-牵引销，16-拉杆，17-吊杆，21-车轴,31-内套,61-第一传动盘，62-第二传动盘，63-金属叠片，91-牵引梁，92-第二牵引座，94-第四牵引座，121-突出部,122-贯通孔，123-第三牵引座，131-前端梁，132-后端梁。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1～2、6～7所示，一种永磁直驱转向架，包括构架1、设置于构架1上的轮对2、永磁电机3。构架1包括纵梁11、与纵梁11垂直的横梁12、设置于纵梁11两端的端梁13。端梁13分为前端梁131和后端梁132。所述横梁12中间设有贯通孔122。
在轮对2的车轴21上套装有空心轴4。车轴21上固定设有传力座5。永磁电机3套装于空心轴4上。所述空心轴4一端通过柔性联轴器6与永磁电机3联结、空心轴4另一端通过柔性联轴器3与传力座5联结。所述柔性联轴器6为叠片联轴器。叠片联轴器包括第一传动盘61、第二传动盘62、金属叠片63。永磁电机3的内套31与第一传动盘61连接。第一传动盘61与空心轴4一端通过金属叠片63联结。第二传动盘62与空心轴4另一端联结。第二传动盘62通过金属叠片63与传力座5连接。
所述横梁12纵向两侧均设有突出部121。所述横梁12外轮廓为八边形结构，八边形 横梁12在纵向方向上的两条最外侧边为突出部121。
所述永磁电机3通过摆杆7和吊杆17与构架1柔性连接，摆杆7一端吊挂于突出部121、另一端连接于永磁电机3外壳，摆杆7轴线方向沿纵向设置。吊杆17一端与永磁电机3外壳连接、另一端悬挂于端梁13。永磁电机3可横向移动。
在永磁电机3与端梁13之间设有缓冲永磁电机3振动的减振器8。减振器8的轴向方向与铅垂面的夹角大于0度且小于90度。
相应的，本实施例还提供一种轨道车辆，包括车体9、及上述永磁直驱转向架。在后端梁132底部设有第一牵引座14。在车体9上设有牵引梁91。在牵引梁91底部设有第二牵引座92。第一牵引座14与第二牵引座92通过牵引杆10连接。
实施例2
如图3～7所示，一种永磁直驱转向架，包括构架1、设置于构架1上的轮对2、永磁电机3。构架1包括纵梁11、与纵梁11垂直的横梁12、设置于纵梁11两端的端梁13。端梁13分为前端梁131和后端梁132。所述横梁12中间设有贯通孔122。
在轮对2的车轴21上套装有空心轴4。车轴21上固定设有传力座5。永磁电机3套装于空心轴4上。所述空心轴4一端通过柔性联轴器6与永磁电机3联结、空心轴4另一端通过柔性联轴器3与传力座5联结。
本实施例中柔性联轴器6优选为叠片联轴器。叠片联轴器包括第一传动盘61、第二传动盘62、金属叠片63。永磁电机3的内套31与第一传动盘61连接。第一传动盘61与空心轴4一端通过金属叠片63联结。第二传动盘62与空心轴4另一端联结。第二传动盘62通过金属叠片63与传力座5连接。
柔性联轴器6中，金属叠片63可采用带橡胶关节的六连杆机构代替。
所述横梁12纵向两侧均设有突出部121。所述横梁12外轮廓为八边形结构，八边形横梁12在纵向方向上的两条最外侧边为突出部121。
所述永磁电机3通过摆杆7和吊杆17与构架1柔性连接，摆杆7一端吊挂于突出部121、另一端连接于永磁电机3外壳，摆杆7轴线方向沿纵向设置。吊杆17一端与永磁电机3外壳连接、另一端悬挂于端梁13。永磁电机3可横向移动。
在永磁电机3与端梁13之间设有缓冲永磁电机3振动的减振器8。减振器8的轴向方向与铅垂面的夹角大于0度且小于90度。
本实施例还提供一种轨道车辆，包括车体9、及上述永磁直驱转向架。在横梁12纵向两侧的突出部121的底部均设有第三牵引座123。所述横梁12中间设有贯通孔122。
还包括牵引销15、两根拉杆16、以及设置于车体9上的第四牵引座94。第四牵引座94对应贯通孔122设置。
两根拉杆16的一端分别各自一一对应与第三牵引座123连接、另一端均与牵引销15连接，且两根拉杆16相对于牵引销15中心对称。
所述第四牵引座94插入贯通孔122内并与牵引销15连接。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种永磁直驱转向架，包括构架(1)、设置于构架(1)上的轮对(2)、永磁电机(3)，构架(1)包括纵梁(11)、与纵梁(11)垂直的横梁(12)、设置于纵梁(11)两端的端梁(13)，其特征在于：在轮对(2)的车轴(21)上套装有空心轴(4)，车轴(21)上固定设有传力座(5)，永磁电机(3)套装于空心轴(4)上，所述空心轴(4)一端通过柔性联轴器(6)与永磁电机(3)联结、空心轴(4)另一端通过柔性联轴器(3)与传力座(5)联结；
    所述横梁(12)纵向两侧均设有突出部(121)；
    所述永磁电机(3)通过摆杆(7)和吊杆(17)与构架(1)柔性连接，摆杆(7)一端吊挂于突出部(121)、另一端连接于永磁电机(3)外壳，摆杆(7)轴线方向沿纵向设置；吊杆(17)一端与永磁电机(3)外壳连接、另一端悬挂于端梁(13)，永磁电机(3)可横向移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱转向架，其特征在于：所述柔性联轴器(6)为叠片联轴器，叠片联轴器包括第一传动盘(61)、第二传动盘(62)、金属叠片(63)，永磁电机(3)的内套(31)与第一传动盘(61)连接，第一传动盘(61)与空心轴(4)一端通过金属叠片(63)联结，第二传动盘(62)与空心轴(4)另一端联结，第二传动盘(62)通过金属叠片(63)与传力座(5)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱转向架，其特征在于：所述横梁(12)中间设有贯通孔(122)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的永磁直驱转向架，其特征在于：所述横梁(12)外轮廓为八边形结构，八边形横梁(12)在纵向方向上的两条最外侧边为突出部(121)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱转向架，其特征在于：在永磁电机(3)与端梁(13)之间设有缓冲永磁电机(3)振动的减振器(8)，减振器(8)的轴向方向与铅垂面的夹角大于0度且小于90度。
  6. 一种轨道车辆，包括车体(9)，其特征在于：还包括上述权利要求1-5任一项所述的永磁直驱转向架，所述端梁(13)分为前端梁(131)和后端梁(132)，在后端梁(132)底部设有第一牵引座(14)；在车体(9)上设有牵引梁(91)，在牵引梁(91)底部设有第二牵引座(92)；第一牵引座(14)与第二牵引座(92)通过牵引杆(10)连接。
  7. 一种轨道车辆，包括车体(9)，其特征在于：还包括上述权利要求1-5任一项所述的永磁 直驱转向架，在横梁(12)纵向两侧的突出部(121)的底部均设有第三牵引座(123)，所述横梁(12)中间设有贯通孔(122)；
    还包括牵引销(15)、两根拉杆(16)、以及设置于车体(9)上的第四牵引座(94)，第四牵引座(94)对应贯通孔(122)设置；
    两根拉杆(16)的一端分别各自一一对应与第三牵引座(123)连接、另一端均与牵引销(15)连接，且两根拉杆(16)相对于牵引销(15)中心对称；
    所述第四牵引座(94)插入贯通孔(122)内并与牵引销(15)连接。
PCT/CN2018/115120 2018-07-27 2018-11-13 一种永磁直驱转向架及其轨道车辆 WO2020019581A1 (zh)

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