WO2020012792A1 - Composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux - Google Patents

Composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux Download PDF

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WO2020012792A1
WO2020012792A1 PCT/JP2019/020734 JP2019020734W WO2020012792A1 WO 2020012792 A1 WO2020012792 A1 WO 2020012792A1 JP 2019020734 W JP2019020734 W JP 2019020734W WO 2020012792 A1 WO2020012792 A1 WO 2020012792A1
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water
carbon atoms
oil
alkanolamine
soluble oil
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PCT/JP2019/020734
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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将吾 緒方
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株式会社ネオス
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Priority to JP2020530017A priority Critical patent/JPWO2020012792A1/ja
Priority to SG11202011331SA priority patent/SG11202011331SA/en
Priority to CN201980035366.3A priority patent/CN112204121A/zh
Publication of WO2020012792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020012792A1/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/08Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-soluble oil composition for metal working. More specifically, the present invention relates to an oil composition which is used for metal cutting, grinding, plastic working, precision polishing, and the like, and has an antiseptic and rust preventive effect on a metal surface.
  • Oil-based compositions have been used as oil compositions for metal processing such as cutting and grinding, but water-soluble oil compositions are widely used from the viewpoint of suppressing fire hazard and improving workability. It is supposed to be.
  • the water-soluble oil composition is a mixture containing lubricating oil, an oil agent, an antiwear agent, an extreme pressure additive, a rust inhibitor, a surfactant and the like as constituent components.
  • alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine are blended for the purpose of preventing rust and maintaining the pH of the oil composition.
  • JP-A-2002-338988 discloses a water-soluble cutting and grinding oil for alloys containing a dibasic acid, a mineral oil and / or a fat, an alkali metal compound and / or an amine, and a surfactant.
  • Monoisopropanolamine which is mentioned as an example of alkanolamines contained in the metalworking oils of the above-mentioned documents, is an alkaline substance and forms an amine salt with a fatty acid to exhibit a surface active effect. Often used as an alkanolamine component in metalworking oils. However, if the metal working oil containing MIPA is continuously used, there is a problem that the pH deteriorates due to aging. Metalworking fluids are usually used in circulation and are continuously used while adding new metalworking fluids, but the pH does not increase or the concentration of MIPA does not increase even if new metalworking fluids are added. was there.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble oil agent composition for metalworking, which contains an alkanolamine that hardly causes a decrease in pH or concentration.
  • the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by containing a primary alkanolamine having a substituent that inhibits intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction.
  • the water-soluble oil composition for metalworking of the present invention is characterized in that pyrazines are generated by increasing the temperature during metalworking, the concentration of the alkanolamine component is reduced, or the pH of the oil solution composition is not reduced. It can be used continuously for a long time without deterioration.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oil agent composition (Product A containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)) before use, after use for 5 months, after use for 5 months, after use for 11 months, 8 is a GC-MS spectrum of the oil composition after use for 8 months.
  • FIG. 2 is a GC-MS spectrum of the oil composition before use (Product B containing monoisopropanolamine (MIPA)) and the oil composition after one month of use.
  • MIPA monoisopropanolamine
  • An embodiment of the present invention is a water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working containing a primary alkanolamine having a substituent that inhibits intermolecular cyclization dehydration.
  • the oil agent composition is a mixture containing an oil component.
  • an oil agent composition contains a synthetic oil such as a polyalkylene glycol as a lubricant in addition to a natural oil such as a mineral oil, and also includes an oil agent, an antiwear agent, an extreme pressure additive, a rust inhibitor, a preservative, and an interface.
  • An activator and the like are contained as constituents.
  • Water-soluble means that it is easily dissolved in water and has high affinity with water.
  • the water-soluble oil composition is in the form of an emulsion, a transparent aqueous solution or a translucent soluble aqueous solution which can be used after being diluted with water.
  • Metal working means cutting, grinding, plastic working, rolling, and the like of metal.
  • the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working is required to have the effect of maintaining the lubricity of the metal surface, cooling the metal surface, and preventing rust on the metal surface during these operations. The intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction in this embodiment will be described later.
  • the primary alkanolamine has the following formula (I): (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen or the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein R 1 and R 2 are Both are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and / or R 3 and R 4 are both alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. .).
  • MIPA monoisopropanolamine
  • metalworking oils have been conventionally added as an alkanolamine to metalworking oils.
  • MIPA under high temperature conditions during metal working and contact with metals, has the following: In some cases to form dimethylpyrazine.
  • Such a reaction in which two primary alkanolamine molecules form a ring while dehydrating between molecules is referred to as an intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction in this specification.
  • dimethylpyrazine is generated by the above-mentioned intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction, MIPA gradually decreases, and accordingly, the pH of the metal working oil sometimes decreases.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 of the primary alkanolamines of the formula (I) used in this embodiment are hydrogen, or the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • 6 is a cycloalkyl group.
  • the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may be linear or branched.
  • the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms is a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
  • substitution group R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4, R 1 and R 2 are both alkyl or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 satisfies at least either one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the substituents R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 become an obstacle between the two alkanolamine molecules, and the intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction hardly occurs.
  • pyrazines In the oil agent composition of the embodiment, even when used for a long period of time, pyrazines are hardly generated, the concentration of the alkanolamine component is hardly reduced, and the pH is hardly reduced.
  • pyrazines refer to pyrazine and pyrazine having a substituent.
  • Suitable groups for the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. is there.
  • the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • a group particularly preferable as the substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms. Ie, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
  • the primary alkanolamines of formula (I) include, for example, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-methyl-2-propanol, 3-amino-3-methyl- 2-butanol, 3-amino-2-methyl-2-butanol, 3-amino-2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-ethyl- 2-propanol can be mentioned.
  • the primary alkanolamine is added to the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working in order to impart rust resistance and antiseptic property to the metal surface.
  • the primary alkanolamine can be added in a proportion of 1 to 20%, preferably 2 to 15%, based on the weight of the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working.
  • the primary alkanolamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more primary alkanolamines are used as a mixture, the total amount of the mixed primary alkanolamines is preferably 1 to 20% based on the weight of the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working.
  • the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working of the embodiment is, in addition to the above primary alkanolamine, water, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oil, hydrocarbon synthetic oil, fatty acid, fatty acid condensate, fatty acid ester, organic amine, surface activity Additives such as an agent, an antiwear agent, an extreme pressure additive, a rust inhibitor, a preservative, and an antifoaming agent can be added.
  • Mineral oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds derived from petroleum, natural gas, etc.
  • a paraffinic oil or a naphthenic oil can be used.
  • Mineral oil is used as a base oil of a water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working. Two or more of the above mineral oils can be used in combination as needed.
  • animal and vegetable oils such as castor oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and animal oils such as tallow, sheep, lard, fish oil and the like can be used.
  • Animal and vegetable oils are used as base oils for water-soluble oil agent compositions for metal working. Two or more of the above-mentioned animal and vegetable oils can be used in combination as needed.
  • hydrocarbon synthetic oil synthetic hydrocarbon oils represented by ⁇ -polyolefin, polybutene, etc., ether synthetic oils represented by alkyl diphenyl ether, polypropylene glycol, etc., silicone oil, fluorine oil and the like can be used. Two or more of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based synthetic oils can be used in combination as needed.
  • Fatty acids are carboxylic acids of long-chain hydrocarbons.
  • the fatty acid condensate is an intermolecular dehydration condensate of fatty acids
  • the fatty acid ester is an ester compound of a fatty acid and an alcohol.
  • Fatty acids, fatty acid condensates, and fatty acid esters are added as a rust inhibitor and a lubricant for a water-soluble oil composition for metal working.
  • Fatty acids suitably used in the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working include butyric acid, valeric acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and the like.
  • fatty acid esters suitably used in the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working include methyl laurate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl castor fatty acid, butyl palmitate, octyl stearate, isopropyl myristate. Esters and trimethylolpropane caprylate. Two or more of the above fatty acids, fatty acid condensates and fatty acid esters can be used in combination depending on the use and desired function.
  • the organic amine is added to the water-soluble oil composition for metal working in order to impart rustproof and antiseptic properties to the metal surface, like the primary alkanolamine.
  • the amines preferably used in the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working include alkylamines having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethylamine and propylamine, cycloalkylamines having 5 to 20 carbon atoms such as morpholine and cyclohexylamine, and diamines such as diethanolamine.
  • tertiary alkanolamines such as tertiary alkanolamine and triethanolamine. Two or more organic amines can be used in combination depending on the application and desired function.
  • the surfactant is added to maintain the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working as a stable composition.
  • any of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant can be used.
  • suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl group-containing sulfonates, alkyl group-containing sulfonates, alkyl group-containing phosphates, alkyl group-containing phosphates, organic fatty acids and organic fatty acid derivatives, and the like. Particularly preferred are sulfonic acid salts, organic fatty acids and organic fatty acid derivatives.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkyl alcohol-ethylene oxide adducts, terminal alkyl ethers of alkyl alcohol-ethylene oxide adducts, organic fatty acid-ethylene oxide adducts, hydroxy fatty acid-ethylene oxide adducts, pluronic surfactants, Examples include tronic surfactants and sugar ester-ethylene oxide adducts. Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants include alkyl betaines. The above surfactants can be used in combination of two or more depending on the use and desired function.
  • Anti-wear agents are added to prevent friction, wear and seizure between the two surfaces of the metal.
  • Suitable examples of the antiwear agent include phosphoric acid esters (such as tricresyl phosphate and lauryl acid phosphate), phosphites (such as tributyl phosphite and dilauryl phosphite), and thiophosphates (dialkyldithiophosphoric acid).
  • Zinc acid, zinc diallyldithiophosphate), phosphoric acid ester amine salts, and zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate Two or more of the above antiwear agents can be used in combination as needed.
  • Extreme pressure additives are added to prevent friction, wear and seizure between the two surfaces of the metal.
  • extreme pressure additives for example, sulfurized fats (such as sulfurized palm oil), sulfurized esters (such as sulfurized fatty esters), sulfides (such as dibenzyl disulfide, alkyl polysulfide, olefin polysulfide, and Zantic sulfide), and chlorine compounds (chlorinated) Paraffin, methyltrichlorostearate, etc.), lead naphthenate, amine alkylthiophosphates, chloroalkyl xanthate. Two or more of the above extreme pressure additives can be used in combination as needed.
  • a rust inhibitor is added to suppress the generation of rust on the metal surface.
  • a rust inhibitor calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, calcium salicylate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, magnesium salicylate, barium sulfonate, barium phenate, barium salicylate, glycerin monooleate, glycerin monolaurate, glycerin monostearate, sorbitan Monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate and the like can be used. Two or more of the above rust preventives can be used in combination as needed.
  • Preservatives are added to prevent the growth of microorganisms, especially in water-soluble oil compositions.
  • thiazoles such as 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 3-iodo Iodine compounds such as -2-propargylbutylcarbamic acid, phenol compounds such as o-phenyl-phenol, p-chloro-m-cresol and 3-methyl-4-chloro-phenol, sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide Pyridine type; triazine type such as hexahydro-1,3,5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) -S-triazine; hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-S-triazine; 1,2-dibromo-2 , Such as 2,4-dicyanobutane and 2-bromo-2-nitro
  • An antifoaming agent is added to prevent foaming due to a surfactant contained in the oil composition.
  • the antifoaming agent include organic antifoaming agents such as silicone-based antifoaming agents, polyols, and higher alcohols. Two or more of the above-mentioned antifoaming agents can be used in combination as needed.
  • a non-ferrous metal anticorrosive an organic acid, an alcohol, a chelating agent, a coloring agent, a fragrance, and the like can be appropriately added to the water-soluble metal composition for metal working according to the embodiment according to the application.
  • the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working of the embodiment can be obtained by mixing these components at an appropriate ratio.
  • Each component may be blended in a ratio well known to those skilled in the art according to conventionally used metalworking oils.
  • Each component of the water-soluble oil agent composition for metal working of the embodiment has an effect of suppressing an intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction of a primary alkanolamine, an effect of suppressing pyrazine production, and an effect of suppressing a decrease in pH of the oil agent composition. Is also blended so as not to interfere.
  • the oil agent composition of the embodiment containing the primary alkanolamine is characterized in that the production of pyrazines by the intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction of the primary alkanolamine is suppressed.
  • the generation of pyrazines by the intermolecular cyclization dehydration reaction of a primary alkanolamine means that the amino group of a primary alkanolamine molecule and the hydroxyl group of another primary alkanolamine molecule undergo a dehydration reaction between the molecules to form a ring structure.
  • the pyrazines refer to pyrazine and pyrazine having a substituent.
  • the substituents R 1 and R 2 are both an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and / or Since both R 3 and R 4 are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, the substituents R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 become obstacles, and Less likely to cause cyclization dehydration reaction. For this reason, even if the oil agent composition of the embodiment is used for metal processing for a long period of time, generation of pyrazines is suppressed.
  • the oil agent composition of the embodiment containing a primary alkanolamine is characterized in that a decrease in the concentration of the primary alkanolamine accompanying use is suppressed.
  • the decrease in the concentration of the primary alkanolamine means that the primary alkanolamine changes into a compound different from the primary alkanolamine, and the concentration of the primary alkanolamine itself decreases.
  • the primary alkanolamine used in the oil agent composition of the present embodiment is such that both of the substituents R 1 and R 2 are an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and / or Alternatively, since R 3 and R 4 are both an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such a condensation reaction hardly occurs. For this reason, in the oil agent composition of the embodiment, a decrease in the concentration of the primary alkanolamine due to use is suppressed.
  • Oil composition containing 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), which is a primary alkanolamine, and oil composition containing monoisopropanolamine (MIPA) conventionally used was used for a long period of time in metalworking applications, and it was examined whether the constituent components changed before and after use.
  • AMP 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
  • MIPA monoisopropanolamine
  • Example 1 An oil composition containing 3.6% of AMP as alkanolamine (Product A, Neos Co., Ltd.) was used for metal processing for 5 to 11 months. Before and after the use of the oil composition, GC-MS measurement was performed to analyze the constituent components.
  • the GC-MS measuring instrument was JMS-Q1050GV (JEOL Corporation), the column used for measurement was CP-Volamine (Agilent Technologies), and the diluting solvent was ion-exchanged water or methanol. The dilution was performed at an arbitrary magnification according to the measurement sample. Table 1 shows the conditions of the GC-MS measurement.
  • FIG. 1 shows the GC-MS of the oil solution composition (new solution) before use, and after use for 5 months, after use for 5 months, after use for 11 months, and after use for 8 months.
  • the spectrum is shown.
  • GC-MS spectrum of product A new solution 2: GC-MS spectrum of product A after use for about 5 months at Company S
  • 3 GC-MS spectrum of product A after use for about 5 months at NS
  • 4 GC-MS spectrum of product A after use by Company N for about 11 months.
  • 5 GC-MS spectrum of product A after used by Company D for about 8 months.
  • FIG. 1 Example 1
  • FIG. 2 Comparative Example 1
  • MS mass spectrometry
  • the oil agent composition of the present invention does not generate pyrazines due to the intermolecular cyclodehydration reaction of alkanolamine even when used at high temperatures for a long period of time. Thereby, it can be said that a decrease in the concentration of the alkanolamine and a decrease in the pH of the oil agent composition are unlikely to occur.
  • alkanolamine MIPA
  • MIPA alkanolamine
  • TEA triethanolamine
  • CH-020 N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-cyclohexylamine
  • An oil agent composition product A (Neos Co., Ltd., AMP: 3.6%, TEA: 2.0%) containing at least two of the following, and a product C (Neos Co., Ltd., AMP: 1.8%, CH-020: 2.0%) for one to five months for metalworking applications.
  • CE capillary electrophoresis analysis
  • the CE measuring instrument was G1600A (Agilent Technologies), the column used for the measurement was G1600-61232 (Agilent Technologies, 50 ⁇ m ID ⁇ 56 cm), and the dilution solvent was ion-exchanged water. The dilution was performed at an arbitrary magnification according to the measurement sample. Table 3 shows the conditions of the CE measurement.
  • Table 4 below shows the ratio of the AMP concentration to the tertiary alkanolamine concentration in the oil composition before use and the oil composition after 1 to 6 months of use, calculated by CE measurement. Show.
  • Table 5 shows the ratio of the MIPA concentration to the tertiary alkanolamine concentration in the oil composition before use and the oil composition after 1 to 6 months of use, calculated by CE measurement. Show.
  • Table 2 shows the components of the oil agent composition used in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
  • the oil composition of the present invention containing AMP shows almost no change in AMP concentration even after long-term use. Since the oil agent composition of the present invention shows no change in the concentration of other amines (TEA, CH-020) even after long-term use, it is presumed that the pH of the oil agent composition hardly decreases. On the other hand, it can be seen that the oil composition of the comparative example containing MIPA has a reduced concentration of MIPA when used for a long time. It is inferred that the pH of the oil agent composition has also been lowered accordingly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

Le but de la présente invention concerne une composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux, qui contient une alcanolamine ou similaire et qui n'est pas susceptible de diminuer de pH ou de diminuer de concentration. Une composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux selon la présente invention contient une alcanolamine primaire qui présente un substituant qui inhibe une réaction de cyclisation par déshydratation intermoléculaire. Cette composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux est caractérisée en ce que l'alcanolamine primaire est représentée par la formule (I). (Dans la formule, R1, R2, R3 et R4 représentent des atomes d'hydrogène ou des groupes alkyle comprenant 1-6 atomes de carbone ou des groupes cycloalkyle comprenant 3-6 atomes de carbone, qui peuvent être identiques ou différents les uns des autres, à condition qu'à la fois R1 et R2 représentent des groupes alkyle comprenant 1-6 atomes de carbone ou des groupes cycloalkyle comprenant 3-6 atomes de carbone et/ou à la fois R3 et R4 représentent des groupes alkyle comprenant 1-6 atomes de carbone ou des groupes cycloalkyle comprenant 3-6 atomes de carbone.)
PCT/JP2019/020734 2018-07-12 2019-05-24 Composition d'huile soluble dans l'eau pour le travail des métaux WO2020012792A1 (fr)

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JP2020530017A JPWO2020012792A1 (ja) 2018-07-12 2019-05-24 金属加工用水溶性油剤組成物
SG11202011331SA SG11202011331SA (en) 2018-07-12 2019-05-24 Water-soluble oil composition for metalworking
CN201980035366.3A CN112204121A (zh) 2018-07-12 2019-05-24 金属加工用水溶性油剂组合物

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JP2014105232A (ja) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-09 Aisin Aw Co Ltd 水溶性切削油剤

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