WO2020011252A1 - 一种浮动式制动闸片 - Google Patents

一种浮动式制动闸片 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011252A1
WO2020011252A1 PCT/CN2019/095796 CN2019095796W WO2020011252A1 WO 2020011252 A1 WO2020011252 A1 WO 2020011252A1 CN 2019095796 W CN2019095796 W CN 2019095796W WO 2020011252 A1 WO2020011252 A1 WO 2020011252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake pad
friction
friction body
back plate
relative gap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/095796
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴佩芳
释加才让
胡晨
曹静武
龙波
Original Assignee
北京天仁道和新材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司 filed Critical 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司
Priority to EP19833084.7A priority Critical patent/EP3822506B1/en
Priority to KR1020217004307A priority patent/KR102544805B1/ko
Priority to RU2021103073A priority patent/RU2758167C1/ru
Publication of WO2020011252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011252A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
    • F16D69/0408—Attachment of linings specially adapted for plane linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
    • F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
    • F16D2069/0433—Connecting elements not integral with the braking member, e.g. bolts, rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
    • F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
    • F16D2069/045—Bonding
    • F16D2069/0458—Bonding metallurgic, e.g. welding, brazing, sintering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of braking devices, and in particular to a floating brake pad.
  • the disc brake structure mainly includes a brake disc and a floating brake pad.
  • the above brake structure uses the friction between the brake disc and the floating brake pad to consume the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle or equipment and stop the train. motion.
  • the braking effect, sturdiness, and production cost of floating brake pads are important indicators of the quality of train brakes.
  • FIG. 3 discloses a floating brake pad, as shown in FIG. 3, which includes: a back plate 101; a plurality of friction blocks 102 are floatingly connected to the back plate 101, and a gap is provided between the adjacent friction blocks 102; an anti-rotation lever 103 is provided in the gap and is connected to the back plate 101 is fixedly connected to limit the friction block 102 in its rotation direction.
  • the anti-rotation lever 103 is an elastic element.
  • the friction block 102 is provided with a connecting rod 104.
  • the connecting rod 104 passes through a snap spring 105.
  • the friction block 102 and the back plate 101 are integrated.
  • the friction pad can be freely adjusted in the vertical direction, so that the brake pads and the brake disc are closely fitted together to achieve an optimal braking working surface, and the anti-rotation lever can prevent friction.
  • the relative rotation of the block relative to the brake pad back plate restricts the position of the friction block to ensure it is at the optimal braking working surface, thereby improving the braking effect and service life of the brake pad.
  • the position of the friction block may also be offset in the horizontal direction. During the process of the friction block being offset in the horizontal direction, it will lose the above-mentioned optimal braking working surface. It will even cause a collision between the connecting rod and the back plate, which will deform or even break the connecting rod under a large shear force, which seriously affects the braking effect and service life of the floating brake pads.
  • a floating brake pad including:
  • a back plate of a brake pad wherein the flat surface and the positioning hole are formed on the back plate;
  • the friction body includes a friction portion and a positioning portion inserted into the positioning hole, and a first relative gap exists between the positioning portion and the positioning hole;
  • the connecting members are respectively connected to the friction body and the brake pad back plate, and the friction body is provided on the brake pad back plate with a certain floating amount;
  • An elastic support member is installed in the plane of the cymbal and is connected to the friction body.
  • the elastic support member is provided with a guide hole suitable for the positioning portion to pass through.
  • the inner side walls of the flat surface are in contact with each other or have a second relative gap smaller than the first relative gap.
  • An anti-rotation member for limiting the friction body in its rotation direction is provided on the back plate of the brake blade, and a third relative gap smaller than the first relative gap exists between the anti-rotation member and the friction portion. .
  • the third relative gap is larger than the second relative gap.
  • the anti-rotation element is an elastic element sleeved with a compression sleeve on the outside, a compression gap is left between the anti-rotation element and the compression sleeve, and the compression sleeve applies a biasing force toward the friction portion to hinder the friction portion.
  • Relative rotation occurs with the brake pad back plate, and a fourth relative gap smaller than the first relative gap exists between the compression sleeve and the friction portion.
  • the fourth relative gap is larger than the second relative gap.
  • the hardness value of the compression sleeve is smaller than the hardness value of the anti-rotation member.
  • the hardness value of the anti-rotation member is greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member.
  • the positioning portion is a cylindrical structure extending from the friction portion to the positioning hole, and the positioning hole is a circular through hole adapted to the shape of the positioning portion.
  • An end of the positioning portion facing the brake plate back plate has an annular groove
  • the connecting member is a snap spring that is snapped into the annular groove and abuts in an accommodating groove on the back surface of the friction body.
  • the friction body has a spherical support portion provided toward the brake pad back plate, and the elastic support member is a sheet-like structure that is cooperatively connected to the spherical support portion.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention has an elastic support member, and the elastic support member applies a first biasing force to the friction body away from the brake pad back plate and prevents the friction body from occurring in a horizontal direction relative to the brake pad back plate.
  • the second biasing force for relative rotation is provided with a first relative gap between the positioning portion on the friction body and the positioning hole on the back plate of the pad, and the outer contour edge of the elastic support member and the inner side of the cymbal plane
  • a second relative gap is set between the walls, and the gap distance of the first relative gap is set to be greater than the gap distance of the second relative gap, or the elastic support member is in abutment connection with the inner side wall of the concrete plane.
  • the elastic support member connected to the friction body first contacts the inner side wall of the concrete plane, and the elastic support member elastically deforms to prevent
  • the horizontal position offset of the friction body makes the floating brake pads at the optimal braking working surface, improves the braking effect, and prevents further position offset of the friction body.
  • Positioning holes on the inner wall of the actuator and the gate of the back plate positioning portion collide against the positioning portion is deformed by shear force results in a reduction or even broken down problems floating brake pads and the braking effect of the service life.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention, the back plate of the pad is provided with an anti-rotation member for limiting the friction body, and a third relative gap is provided between the anti-rotation member and the friction part, and the third The gap distance of the relative gap is set to be larger than the gap distance of the first relative gap.
  • the anti-rotation parts first collide with the friction body to prevent the friction body from continuing positional offset in the horizontal direction so that the floating brake pads are on a better braking working surface to improve the braking effect, and prevent the friction body from further positional deviation.
  • the positioning causes the positioning part to collide with the inner wall of the positioning hole on the back plate of the pad, preventing the positioning part from being deformed by shearing forces, or even breaking down, which reduces the braking effect and service life of the floating brake pad.
  • the gap distance between the third relative gap between the anti-rotation member and the friction portion is greater than the second relative gap between the elastic support member and the inner side wall of the concrete plane.
  • the three relative clearances are designed to be larger than the second relative clearances so that the frictional body is affected by braking friction or vehicle vibration.
  • the friction body is further prevented from continuing positional offset in the horizontal direction.
  • the elastic support and the anti-rotation member in turn prevent the positional displacement of the friction body.
  • the elastic support restricts the offset position of the friction body so that the floating brake pad is in the optimal system.
  • the moving working surface improves the braking effect, and the anti-rotation parts limit the offset position of the friction body, so that the floating brake pads are in the best possible braking. It can prevent the position of the friction body from further offsetting, causing the positioning part to collide with the inner wall of the positioning hole on the back plate of the brake pad, preventing the positioning part from being deformed by the shear force, or even reducing the floating brake. Disc brake effect and service life issues.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention by compressing the elastic element of the compression sleeve on the outside of the anti-rotation piece, the compression sleeve can first buffer the friction body horizontally and rotate when the anti-rotation piece takes effect. Therefore, the impact of the anti-rotation member and the elastic support member can prevent the floating brake pad from detaching from the better braking working surface before the anti-rotation member takes effect, thereby improving the braking effect of the brake pad.
  • friction is set by setting a fourth relative gap between the compression sleeve and the friction portion to be larger than a second relative gap between the elastic support and the inner wall of the concrete plane.
  • the floating brake pads in turn block the friction body from being offset by the cooperative action of the elastic support, compression sleeve and anti-rotation member in order to further improve the brake pads to prevent disengagement for better braking work.
  • the position of the friction body is offset.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention by setting the hardness value of the compression sleeve to be less than the hardness value of the anti-rotation member, the elastic support member and the compression sleeve cooperate together before the friction body contacts the anti-rotation member. Effectively prevent the friction body from being offset before the friction body leaves the optimal braking working surface, while preventing the hardness of the compression sleeve from being too large, which will cause the friction body to deform, which will cause the floating brake pads to brake. The problem of reduction occurs. By replacing the compression sleeves with different hardness, it is possible to simply and effectively achieve that the friction body is on the best braking working surface on the premise that the friction body does not deform.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention, by setting the hardness value of the anti-rotation part to be greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member, thereby gradually increasing the floating brake pad to prevent the horizontal displacement of the position of the friction body.
  • the ability to achieve the elastic support member initially restricts the friction body to the optimal working surface, and the anti-rotation member prevents the friction body from further shifting, causing the positioning portion to be deformed by the shear force, or even broken down.
  • the elastic support member is for To ensure the best braking effect, the anti-rotation part is to prevent the brake pad from being damaged while ensuring a better braking effect.
  • the combined effect of the two makes the floating brake pad a prerequisite for ensuring that it does not damage itself. To achieve the best braking effect.
  • the floating brake pad provided by the present invention floats and connects the friction body and the back of the pad through a snap spring.
  • the snap spring has the advantages of good floating effect and convenient installation and use.
  • a spherical support portion is provided on the side of the friction body facing the brake pad back plate, and the elastic support is provided in a sheet-like structure adapted to the spherical support portion, so that The stress concentration damage between the effective anti-rotation friction body and the elastic support member damages the brake pads, thereby keeping the floating brake pads in an optimal working state and improving the braking ability and service life of the brake pads.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating brake pad with a compression sleeve provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another floating brake pad provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the floating brake pad shown in FIG. 1 when a positional offset in a horizontal direction occurs;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating brake pad in the prior art
  • 1-brake back plate 2- ⁇ plane; 3-locating hole; 4-friction body; 5-friction portion; 6-locating portion; 7-first relative gap; 8-connecting member; 9-elastic support member; 10- second relative clearance; 11- anti-rotation piece; 12- third relative clearance; 13- compression sleeve; 14- fourth relative clearance; 15- annular groove; 16- spherical support; 101- back plate; 102 -Friction block; 103-anti-rotation rod; 104-connecting rod; 105-circlip.
  • a floating brake pad is recorded, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, which includes:
  • Pad back plate 1 is a horseshoe-shaped structure on which a circular plane 2 and a cylindrical structure positioning hole 3 are formed;
  • the friction body 4 includes a friction portion 5, a positioning portion 6 inserted into the positioning hole 3, and a spherical support portion provided between the friction portion 5 and the positioning portion 6 and provided toward the pad back plate 1. 16.
  • the positioning portion 6 is a cylindrical structure extending from the friction portion 5 to the positioning hole 3 and adapted to the positioning hole 3. There is a space between the positioning portion 6 and the positioning hole 3. A first relative gap 7 with a relative distance a;
  • the elastic support member 9 is a disc-shaped sheet-like structure that is cooperatively connected to the spherical support portion 16.
  • the elastic support member 9 is installed in the concrete plane 2 and connected to the friction body 4.
  • the elastic supporting member 9 is provided with a guide hole suitable for the positioning portion 6 to pass through.
  • the anti-rotation member 11 is a columnar structure made of spring stainless steel, and is arranged on the pad back plate 1 so as to limit the friction body 4 in its rotation direction and position the friction body 4 in the horizontal direction.
  • the anti-rotation member 11 is an elastic element sleeved with a compression sleeve 13 made of spring stainless steel which is smaller in hardness than the anti-rotation member 11. There is a compression gap therebetween.
  • the compression sleeve 13 restricts the rotation and horizontal displacement of the friction portion 5 before the rotation prevention effect of the anti-rotation member 11 occurs.
  • the pitch a of the first relative gap 7 is greater than the pitch d of the fourth relative gap 14, and the pitch d of the fourth relative gap 14 is greater than the pitch b of the second relative gap 10, and the compression sleeve 13
  • the hardness value of is smaller than the hardness value of the anti-rotation member 11, and the hardness value of the anti-rotation member 11 is greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member 9.
  • the position offset makes the floating brake pads at the best braking working surface to improve the braking effect. If the elastic support cannot prevent the friction body from continuing to position offset in the horizontal direction, the friction body will contact the compression sleeve, and the compression sleeve can Before the anti-rotation part takes effect, firstly buffer the horizontal sliding of the friction body and the impact caused by the rotation so as to work with the elastic support before the anti-rotation part takes effect to prevent floating system The moving brake pad is separated from the better braking working surface, and the friction body is prevented from continuing to shift as much as possible while ensuring the braking effect of the brake pad.
  • the compression sleeve 13 is designed to be smaller than the hardness value of the anti-rotation member 11, and the hardness value of the anti-rotation member 11 is designed to be greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member 9.
  • the elastic support is to ensure the best braking effect
  • the compression sleeve makes the friction body in a better braking effect, and prevents rotation This is to ensure that the floating brake pads are not damaged by themselves.
  • the above three actions work together to make the floating brake pads achieve the best braking effect under the premise of ensuring that they do not damage themselves. Braking capacity of moving brake pads.
  • the floating brake pad further includes a connecting member 8, which is a ring-shaped retaining spring.
  • the cylindrical positioning portion 6 has an annular groove 15 at one end facing the pad back plate 1. The inner ring of the snap spring is snapped into the annular groove 15 and the outer side of the snap spring is abutted in an accommodation groove on the back surface of the friction body 4 so as to set the friction body 4 in a certain amount of float. Said brake pad back plate 1.
  • the application of the present invention does not specifically limit the hardness and material of the elastic support member 9, the compression sleeve 13, and the anti-rotation piece 11.
  • the compression sleeve 13 can be replaced with the
  • the anti-rotation element 11 has a structure with the same hardness value, so that the anti-friction body 4 is shifted or rotated.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the outer contour edge of the elastic supporting member 9 is in abutment contact with the inner side wall of the concrete plane 2, and the distance b between the second relative gap 10 is 0.
  • the pitch a of the relative gap 7 is larger than the pitch d of the fourth relative gap 14.
  • the anti-rotation member 11 is a columnar structure made of spring stainless steel, and is arranged on the pad back plate 1 so as to limit the friction body 4 in its rotation direction and position the friction body 4 in the horizontal direction.
  • the hardness value of 11 is greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member 9; the elastic support member connected to the friction body when the friction body is subjected to a braking friction or a vehicle vibration effect causes a position offset in the horizontal direction of the brake pad back plate First of all, it is in contact with the inner side wall of the concrete plane, and the elastic support is
  • the body continues to be offset in the horizontal direction. If the compression sleeve still cannot prevent the friction body from continuing to be offset in the horizontal direction, the anti-rotation member will abut against the friction body to prevent further position offset of the friction body, which will cause the columnar structure positioning portion and the brake disc.
  • the inner walls of the positioning holes on the back plate collide with each other, preventing the positioning portion from being deformed or even broken down due to the shear force, which causes the problem of damage to the floating brake pads.
  • the hardness value of the anti-rotation member 11 is designed to be greater than the hardness value of the elastic support member 9, thereby gradually improving the ability of the floating brake pad to prevent the horizontal displacement of the position of the friction body.
  • the support member is to ensure the best braking effect, and the anti-rotation member is to ensure that the floating brake pads are not damaged.
  • the combined effect of the two above makes the floating brake pads not to be damaged. Under the premise of achieving the best braking effect, improve the braking capacity of the brake pads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种浮动式制动闸片，包括：闸片背板（1），闸片背板（1）上成型有锪平面（2）和定位孔（3）；摩擦体（4），包括摩擦部（5）以及插入定位孔（3）的定位部（6），定位部（6）和定位孔（3）之间存在第一相对间隙（7）；连接件（8），将摩擦体（4）浮动地设置于闸片背板（1）上；弹性支撑件（9），安装在锪平面（2）内并与摩擦体（4）相连，弹性支撑件（9）上设有适于定位部（6）穿过的导向孔，弹性支撑件（9）的外轮廓边缘与锪平面（2）的内侧壁相抵接或具有小于第一相对间隙（7）的第二相对间隙（10），解决了现有的浮动式制动闸片受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响时会沿水平方向发生严重的位置偏置，导致摩擦体失去最佳制动工作面影响制动效果，甚至使连接闸片背板和摩擦体的连接件受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降低闸片的制动效果和使用寿命的问题。

Description

一种浮动式制动闸片 技术领域
本发明涉及制动装置技术领域，具体涉及一种浮动式制动闸片。
背景技术
目前，在列车制动器中，通常采用的是盘式制动结构。盘式制动结构主要包括制动盘和浮动式制动闸片，上述制动结构通过制动盘与浮动式制动闸片的相互摩擦，从而消耗了运动车辆或设备的动能，使列车停止运动。浮动式制动闸片的制动效果、结实耐用程度、生产成本高低是衡量列车制动器好坏的重要指标。
为提高浮动式制动闸片的制动效果差，使摩擦块自由调整到最佳工作面，中国专利文献CN107939874A公开了一种浮动式制动闸片，如图3所示，包括：背板101；若干摩擦块102，可浮动地连接于所述背板101上，相邻的所述摩擦块102之间设置有空隙；防转杆103，设置于所述空隙内并与所述背板101固定连接，用于对摩擦块102在其转动方向上进行限位，所述防转杆103为弹性元件，所述摩擦块102上设置有连杆104，所述连杆104通过卡簧105将所述摩擦块102和所述背板101构成一体。
通过上述浮动式制动闸片使摩擦块可以在垂直方向自由调整位置，从而让制动闸片和制动盘紧密的贴合在一起达到最佳制动工作面，并且防转杆可以防止摩擦块相对于闸片背板发生相对转动，限制摩擦块位置保证其 处于最佳制动工作面，从而提高制动闸片的制动效果和使用寿命。但是，当摩擦块受到摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响时，摩擦块还会出现沿水平方向的位置偏置，摩擦块沿水平方向偏置的过程中会使其失去上述最佳制动工作面，甚至还会造成连杆与背板发生碰撞，使连杆承受较大的剪切力发生变形甚至是折断，严重影响浮动式制动闸片的制动效果和使用寿命。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的浮动式制动闸片受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响时会沿水平方向发生严重的位置偏置，导致摩擦体失去最佳制动工作面影响制动效果，甚至使连接闸片背板和摩擦体的连接件受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降低闸片的制动效果和使用寿命的问题。从而提供一种浮动式制动闸片，包括：
闸片背板，所述闸片背板上成型有锪平面和定位孔；
摩擦体，包括，摩擦部以及插入所述定位孔的定位部，所述定位部和所述定位孔之间存在第一相对间隙；
连接件，分别与所述摩擦体和所述闸片背板相连，将所述摩擦体具有一定浮动量地设置于所述闸片背板上；
弹性支撑件，安装在所述锪平面内并与所述摩擦体相连，所述弹性支撑件上设有适于所述定位部穿过的导向孔，所述弹性支撑件的外轮廓边缘与所述锪平面的内侧壁相抵接或具有小于所述第一相对间隙的第二相对间隙。
所述闸片背板上具有对所述摩擦体其转动方向上进行限位的防转件，所述防转件和所述摩擦部之间存在小于所述第一相对间隙的第三相对间隙。
所述第三相对间隙大于所述第二相对间隙。
所述防转件为外侧套接有压缩套的弹性元件，所述防转件和所述压缩套之间留有压缩间隙，所述压缩套朝向所述摩擦部施加偏压力阻碍所述摩擦部和所述闸片背板发生相对转动，所述压缩套和摩擦部之间存在小于所述第一相对间隙的第四相对间隙。
所述第四相对间隙大于所述第二相对间隙。
所述压缩套的硬度值小于所述防转件的硬度值。
所述防转件的硬度值大于所述弹性支撑件的硬度值。
所述定位部为从所述摩擦部延伸至所述定位孔的圆柱体结构，所述定位孔为与所述定位部形状相适配的圆形通孔。
所述定位部朝向所述闸片背板的一端具有环形凹槽，所述连接件为卡接在所述环形凹槽内并抵接在所述摩擦体背面的容置槽中的卡簧。
所述摩擦体具有朝向所述闸片背板设置的球形支撑部，弹性支撑件为与所述球形支撑部配合相连的片状结构。
本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，具有弹性支撑件，弹性支撑件向摩擦体施加远离闸片背板方向的第一偏压力以及防止摩擦体相对于闸片背板沿水平方向发生相对转动的第二偏压力，通过在摩擦体上的定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔其二者之间设置第一相对间隙，并在弹性支撑件的外轮廓边缘与锪平面的内侧壁之间设置第二相对间隙，将所述第一相对间隙的间隙距离设置为大于所述第二相对间隙的间隙距离，或者将弹性支撑件与锪平面的内侧壁抵接相连，当摩擦体受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响沿闸片背板的水平方向发生位置偏置时，与摩擦体相连的弹性支撑件首先和 锪平面的内侧壁相接触，弹性支撑件发生弹性形变从而阻止摩擦体发生水平方向的位置偏置使浮动式制动闸片处于最佳制动工作面提高制动效果，并防止摩擦体进一步发生位置偏置导致定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔内壁相互碰撞，防止定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降导致降低浮动式制动闸片制动效果和使用寿命的问题。
2.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，闸片背板上具有对摩擦体进行限位的防转件，通过在防转件和摩擦部之间设置第三相对间隙，并将第三相对间隙的间隙距离设置为大于第一相对间隙的间隙距离，当摩擦体受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响沿闸片背板的水平方向发生位置偏置时，设置在闸片背板上的防转件首先和摩擦体相抵触从而阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向发生位置偏置使浮动式制动闸片处于较佳的制动工作面提高制动效果，并防止摩擦体进一步发生位置偏置导致定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔内壁相互碰撞，防止定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降导致降低浮动式制动闸片制动效果和使用寿命的问题。
3.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，防转件和摩擦部之间的第三相对间隙的间隙距离大于弹性支撑件与锪平面的内侧壁之间的第二相对间隙，通过将第三相对间隙设计为大于第二相对间隙从而使摩擦体受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响沿闸片背板的水平方向发生位置偏置时，与摩擦体相连的弹性支撑件首先和锪平面的内侧壁相接触发生弹性形变从而阻止摩擦体发生水平方向的位置偏置，如果弹性支撑件无法阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向发生位置偏置，摩擦体会和防转件相抵触从而通过防转件进一步阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向发生位置偏置，上述弹性支撑件和防转件依次阻挡 摩擦体发生位置偏置，弹性支撑件限制摩擦体偏移位置使浮动式制动闸片处于最佳制动工作面提高制动效果，防转件限制摩擦体偏移位置使浮动式制动闸片尽可能地处于较佳的制动工作面并防止摩擦体进一步发生位置偏置导致定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔内壁之间相互碰撞，防止定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降导致降低浮动式制动闸片制动效果和使用寿命的问题。
4.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过在防转件的外侧套接有压缩套的弹性元件，压缩套可以在防转件发生作用之前首先缓冲摩擦体水平滑动以及旋转时带来的冲击从而在防转件发生作用之前与弹性支撑件共同作用防止浮动式制动闸片脱离较佳的制动工作面，从而提高制动闸片的制动效果。
5.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过将压缩套和摩擦部之间的第四相对间隙设置为大于弹性支撑件与锪平面的内侧壁之间的第二相对间隙，从而使摩擦体发生位置偏置时浮动式制动闸片依次通过弹性支撑件、压缩套和防转件三者配合作用依次阻挡摩擦体发生位置偏置进一步提高制动闸片防止脱离较佳的制动工作面和损坏闸片定位部的能力，并且可以在摩擦体与防转件相接触之前通过弹性支撑件与压缩套的共同作用有效地在摩擦体脱离最佳制动工作面之前就能够成功地阻止摩擦体的位置偏置。
6.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过将压缩套的硬度值设置为小于防转件的硬度值，在摩擦体与防转件相接触之前通过弹性支撑件与压缩套的共同作用有效地在摩擦体脱离最佳制动工作面之前就能够成功地阻止摩擦体的位置偏置的同时防止压缩套的硬度值过大造成摩擦体发生形变从而导致浮动式制动闸片制动能力降低的问题出现，通过更换不同硬度的压缩套可以简单有效的达到使摩擦体不会发生形变的前提下尽可能的使摩擦体处于最佳制动工作面。
7.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过将防转件的硬度值设置为大于弹性支撑件的硬度值，从而逐步的提高浮动式制动闸片防止摩擦体发生位置水平偏移的能力，达到弹性支撑件初步限制摩擦体使其处于最佳工作面，防转件阻止摩擦体发生进一步偏移使定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降的问题，弹性支撑件是为了保证最佳制动效果，防转件是为了在保证较佳制动效果的同时避免制动闸片发生损坏，其二者共同作用使浮动式制动闸片在保证其本身不发生损坏的前提下达到最佳的制动效果。
8.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过卡簧将摩擦体和闸片背面浮动相连，卡簧具有浮动效果好且安装使用方便的优点。
9.本发明提供的浮动式制动闸片，通过在摩擦体朝向闸片背板的一侧设置球形支撑部，并将弹性支撑件设置为与球形支撑部相适配的片状结构，从而有效的防转摩擦体和弹性支撑件之间发生应力集中损伤制动闸片，进而使浮动式制动闸片保持最佳工作状态提高制动闸片的制动能力和使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的具有压缩套的浮动式制动闸片的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的另一种浮动式制动闸片的结构示意图；
图3为图1所示的浮动式制动闸片发生沿水平方向的位置偏置时的结构示意图；
图4为现有技术中浮动式制动闸片的结构示意图；
附图标记说明：
1-闸片背板；2-锪平面；3-定位孔；4-摩擦体；5-摩擦部；6-定位部；7-第一相对间隙；8-连接件；9-弹性支撑件；10-第二相对间隙；11-防转件；12-第三相对间隙；13-压缩套；14-第四相对间隙；15-环形凹槽；16-球形支撑部；101-背板；102-摩擦块；103-防转杆；104-连杆；105-卡簧。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接； 可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
记载了一种浮动式制动闸片，如图1和图3所示，其包括：
闸片背板1，所述闸片背板1为马蹄形结构其上成型有圆形结构的锪平面2和圆柱状结构定位孔3；
摩擦体4，包括摩擦部5、插入所述定位孔3的定位部6，以及设置在所述摩擦部5和所述定位部6之间并朝向所述闸片背板1设置的球形支撑部16，所述定位部6为从所述摩擦部5延伸至所述定位孔3并与所述定位孔3相适配的圆柱体结构，所述定位部6和所述定位孔3之间存在相对距离为a的第一相对间隙7；
弹性支撑件9，弹性支撑件9为与所述球形支撑部16配合相连的盘形片状结构，所述弹性支撑件9安装在所述锪平面2内并与所述摩擦体4相连，所述弹性支撑件9上设有适于所述定位部6穿过的导向孔，所述弹性支撑件9的外轮廓边缘与所述锪平面2的内侧壁之间存在相对距离为b的第二相对间隙10；
防转件11，为弹簧不锈钢材质的柱状结构，设置在所述闸片背板1上从而对所述摩擦体4其转动方向上进行限位并对所述摩擦体4沿水平方向发生的位置偏置进行限位，所述防转件11为外侧套接有硬度小于所述防转件11的弹簧不锈钢材质的压缩套13的弹性元件，所述防转件11和所述压缩套13之间留有压缩间隙，所述压缩套13在所述防转件11发生限位作用 之前限制所述摩擦部5的转动和水平偏移，所述压缩套13和摩擦部5之间存在相对距离为d的第四相对间隙14；
上述第一相对间隙7的间距a大于所述第四相对间隙14的间距d，且所述第四相对间隙14的间距d大于所述第二相对间隙10的间距b，且所述压缩套13的硬度值小于所述防转件11的硬度值，并且所述防转件11的硬度值大于所述弹性支撑件9的硬度值；如图3所示，当摩擦体受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响沿闸片背板的水平方向发生位置偏置时，与摩擦体相连的弹性支撑件首先和锪平面的内侧壁相接触，弹性支撑件发生弹性形变从而阻止摩擦体发生水平方向的位置偏置使浮动式制动闸片处于最佳制动工作面提高制动效果，如果弹性支撑件无法阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向发生位置偏置，摩擦体会和压缩套相接触，压缩套可以在防转件发生作用之前首先缓冲摩擦体发生的水平滑动以及旋转时带来的冲击从而在防转件发生作用之前与弹性支撑件共同作用防止浮动式制动闸片脱离较佳的所述制动工作面，在保证制动闸片制动效果的同时尽可能地阻止摩擦体继续偏移，但是，如果压缩套仍旧无法阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向偏置，防转件会与摩擦体相抵靠防止摩擦体进一步发生位置偏置导致柱状结构定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔内壁相互碰撞，阻止定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降的情况发生从而导致浮动式制动闸片发生损坏的问题发生。并且，本申请中将所述压缩套13的硬度值设计为小于所述防转件11的硬度值，并将所述防转件11的硬度值设计为大于所述弹性支撑件9的硬度值，从而逐步的提高浮动式制动闸片防止摩擦体发生位置水平偏移的能力，弹性支撑件是为了保证最佳制动效果，压缩套使摩擦体处于较为优异的制动效果，而防转件是为了保证浮动式制动闸片在保证其本身不发生损坏，上述三者共同作用使浮动式制动闸片在保证其本身不发生损坏的前提下达到最佳的制动效果，提高制动闸片的制动能力。
所述浮动式制动闸片还包括连接件8，所述连接件8为环形结构的卡簧， 所述圆柱状的定位部6朝向所述闸片背板1的一端具有环形凹槽15，所述卡簧的内环卡接在所述环形凹槽15且卡簧的外侧抵接在所述摩擦体4背面的容置槽中从而将所述摩擦体4具有一定浮动量地设置于所述闸片背板1上。
当然，本发明申请对所述弹性支撑件9、所述压缩套13和所述防转件11的硬度和材质不作具体限定，在其它实施例中，压缩套13可以根据需要更换为与所述防转件11硬度值相同的结构，从而提高防摩擦体4发生偏移或者转动。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，所述弹性支撑件9的外轮廓边缘与所述锪平面2的内侧壁抵接相连，所述第二相对间隙10的间距b为0，上述第一相对间隙7的间距a大于所述第四相对间隙14的间距d。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，如图2所示，
防转件11，为弹簧不锈钢材质的柱状结构，设置在所述闸片背板1上从而对所述摩擦体4其转动方向上进行限位并对所述摩擦体4沿水平方向发生的位置偏置进行限位，所述防转件11和摩擦部5之间存在相对距离为c的第三相对间隙12；上述第一相对间隙7的间距a大于所述第三相对间隙12的间距c，且所述第三相对间隙12的间距c大于所述第二相对间隙10的间距b，且所述压缩套13的硬度值小于所述防转件11的硬度值，并且所述防转件11的硬度值大于所述弹性支撑件9的硬度值；当摩擦体受到制动摩擦力作用或车辆震动影响沿闸片背板的水平方向发生位置偏置时，与摩擦体相连的弹性支撑件首先和锪平面的内侧壁相接触，弹性支撑件发生弹性形变从而阻止摩擦体发生水平方向的位置偏置使浮动式制动闸片处 于最佳制动工作面提高制动效果，如果弹性支撑件无法阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向发生位置偏置，如果压缩套仍旧无法阻止摩擦体继续沿水平方向偏置，防转件会与摩擦体相抵靠防止摩擦体进一步发生位置偏置导致柱状结构定位部与闸片背板上的定位孔内壁相互碰撞，阻止定位部受剪切力作用发生变形甚至是折断降的情况发生从而导致浮动式制动闸片发生损坏的问题发生。并且，本申请中将所述防转件11的硬度值设计为大于所述弹性支撑件9的硬度值，从而逐步的提高浮动式制动闸片防止摩擦体发生位置水平偏移的能力，弹性支撑件是为了保证最佳制动效果，防转件是为了保证浮动式制动闸片在保证其本身不发生损坏，上述二者共同作用使浮动式制动闸片在保证其本身不发生损坏的前提下达到最佳的制动效果，提高制动闸片的制动能力。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，包括：
    闸片背板(1)，所述闸片背板(1)上成型有锪平面(2)和定位孔(3)；
    摩擦体(4)，包括摩擦部(5)以及插入所述定位孔(3)的定位部(6)，所述定位部(6)和所述定位孔(3)之间存在第一相对间隙(7)；
    连接件(8)，分别与所述摩擦体(4)和所述闸片背板(1)相连，将所述摩擦体(4)具有一定浮动量地设置于所述闸片背板(1)上；
    弹性支撑件(9)，安装在所述锪平面(2)内并与所述摩擦体(4)相连，所述弹性支撑件(9)上设有适于所述定位部(6)穿过的导向孔，所述弹性支撑件(9)的外轮廓边缘与所述锪平面(2)的内侧壁相抵接或具有小于所述第一相对间隙(7)的第二相对间隙(10)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述闸片背板(1)上具有对所述摩擦体(4)其转动方向上进行限位的防转件(11)，所述防转件(11)和所述摩擦部(5)之间存在小于所述第一相对间隙(7)的第三相对间隙(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述第三相对间隙(12)大于所述第二相对间隙(10)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述防转件(11)为外侧套接有压缩套(13)的弹性元件，所述防转件(11)和所述压缩套(13)之间留有压缩间隙，所述压缩套(13)朝向所述摩擦部(5)施加偏压力阻碍所述摩擦部(5)和所述闸片背板(1)发生相对转动，所述压缩套(13)和摩擦部(5)之间存在小于所述第一相对间隙(7)的第四相对间隙(14)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述第四相对间隙(14)大于所述第二相对间隙(10)。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述压缩套(13)的硬度值小于所述防转件(11)的硬度值。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述防转件(11)的硬度值大于所述弹性支撑件(9)的硬度值。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述定位部(6)为从所述摩擦部(5)延伸至所述定位孔(3)的圆柱体结构，所述定位孔(3)为与所述定位部(6)形状相适配的圆形通孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述定位部(6)朝向所述闸片背板(1)的一端具有环形凹槽(15)，所述连接件(8)为卡接在所述环形凹槽(15)内并抵接在所述摩擦体(4)背面的容置槽中的卡簧。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的浮动式制动闸片，其特征在于，所述摩擦体(4)具有朝向所述闸片背板(1)设置的球形支撑部(16)，弹性支撑件(9)为与所述球形支撑部(16)配合相连的片状结构。
PCT/CN2019/095796 2018-07-13 2019-07-12 一种浮动式制动闸片 WO2020011252A1 (zh)

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