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Definitions

• Embodiments of the invention are directed to novel compounds useful as modulators of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (5-HT7) activity and their method of use. Embodiments are further directed to a novel chemotype useful for the treatment diseases that are associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.
• Serotonin was discovered in the late l940s and is present in both the peripheral and central nervous systems [Physiol. Res, 60 (2011) 15-25; Psychopharmacology 213 (2011) 167-169] Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter of the indolalkylamine group that acts at synapses of nerve cells. Seven distinct families of serotonin receptors have been identified and at least 20 subpopulations have been cloned on the basis of sequence similarity, signal transduction coupling and pharmacological characteristics.
• the seven families of 5-HT receptor are named 5-HTi, 5-HT2, 5-HT 3, 5 -HD, 5-HTs, 5 -HD, and 5-HT- and each of these receptors in turn has subfamilies or subpopulations.
• the signal transduction mechanism for all seven families have been studied and it is known that activation of 5-HTi and 5-HT5 receptors causes a decrease in intracellular cAMP whereas activation of 5-HT2, 5-HT 3, 5- HT4, 5-HT 6, and 5-HT- results in an increase in intracellular IP3 and DAG.
• the 5-HT pathways in the brain are important targets for drug development in the area of CNS disorders.
• the neurotransmitter binds to its a G-protein coupled receptor and is involved in a wide variety of actions including cognition, mood, anxiety, attention, appetite, cardiovascular function, vasoconstriction, sleep (ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, 2, 929-932; Physiological Research, 2011, 60, 15-25), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and intestinal inflammation (WO 2012058769, Khan, W. I., et. al. Journal of Immunology, 2013, 190, 4795-4804), epilepsy, seizure disorders (Epilepsy Research (2007) 75, 39), drug addiction, and alcohol addiction (Hauser, S. R. et. al. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2015, 8, 1-9) among others.
• the present invention is directed toward novel 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (5-HT7) activity modulators, compounds of formula (I),
• A is selected from a group consisting of
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl;
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a ring having from 5 to 7 ring atoms, optionally containing a double bond;
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a ring having from 6 to 8 ring atoms containing a moiety selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2-pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2-pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl and
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2-pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl and
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2-pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, and optionally substituted 4-pyridyl;
• R 7 is selected from the group consisting of H, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3 -7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted benzyl, COR 8 , CO2R 9 , CONR 10a R 10b , SO2NR 10a R 10b , and SO 2 R 10c ;
• R 8 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10a is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10b is selected from the group consisting of H, C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10c is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1 -6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, -(CH2)qCN, -(CH2)qS02R n , -
• R 11 is selected from the group consisting of Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 12 is selected from the group consisting of C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R la , R lb , R lc , R ld , and R le are at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NO2, halogen, CN, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, -S(Ci- 6 linear alkyl), S(C 3 -7 branched alkyl), -S(C 3 -7 cycloalkyl), COR 13 , CO 2 R 14 , CONR 15a R 15b , S0 2 NR 15a R 15b , NR 16a R 16b , NR 16a COR 17 ,
• R 13 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 14 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 15a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 15b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 16a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 16b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 17 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 18 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 19a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 19b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• n 1, 2, or 3.
• a i iss In embodiments, n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., each of R 1 and R 2 is methyl or each of R 1 and R 2 is ethyl).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring (e.g., a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl, or a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 ).
• a 5- to 8-membered ring e.g., a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl, or a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 ).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl, wherein the nitrogen atom in said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group is NR 7 .
• R 7 is an alkylsulfonyl -SC R 10c (e.g., -SOiMc) or an acyl -COR 8 (e.g., acetyl).
• R 3 is phenyl or a pyridyl. In embodiments, R 3 is unsubstituted. In embodiments, R 3 is substituted (e.g., a phenyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents or a pyridyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents).
• substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• A is In embodiments, n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., each of R 1 and R 2 is methyl or each of R 1 and R 2 is ethyl).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring (e.g., a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl, or a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 ).
• a 5- to 8-membered ring e.g., a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl, or a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 ).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl, wherein the nitrogen atom in said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group is NR 7 .
• R 7 is an alkylsulfonyl -SC R 10c (e.g., -SOiMc) or an acyl -COR 8 (e.g., acetyl).
• R 4 is phenyl or a pyridyl. In embodiments, R 4 is unsubstituted. In embodiments, R 4 is substituted (e.g., a phenyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents or a pyridyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents).
• substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• A is In embodiments, n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., each of R 1 and R 2 is methyl or each of R 1 and
• R 2 is ethyl).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring (e.g., a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl, or a 5- to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 ).
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl, wherein the nitrogen atom in said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group is NR 7 .
• R 7 is an alkylsulfonyl -SO2R 10c (e.g., -SChMc) or an acyl -COR 8 (e.g., acetyl).
• R 5 is phenyl or a pyridyl. In embodiments, R 5 is unsubstituted. In embodiments, R 5 is substituted (e.g., a phenyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents or a pyridyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents).
• substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr, -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr, -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• a compound is according to any formula described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a compound is any compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., a compound as described in any of Tables 1-39 described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).
• a compound is any of the compounds described in any of Tables 34-39, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a compound has the ⁇ -configuration at the nitrogen-substituted carbon of the lactam. In embodiments, a compound has the //-configuration at the nitrogen- substituted carbon of the lactam.
• compositions comprising: an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity, including, for example, circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• diseases that involve dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity including, for example, circa
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity, including, for example, circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar, disorder inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• said method comprises administering to a subject a
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury, and diseases that involve dysregulation of 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.
• Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury, and diseases that involve dysregulation of 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• IBD inflammatory bowel
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity. Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity modulators of the present invention.
• a disease or condition is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• 5-HT7 receptor activity modulators are likely to have a beneficial effect on patients suffering from these disorders.
• the disorders in which 5-HT7 dysregulation plays a role and modulation of 5-HT7 receptor activity by a therapeutic agent may be a viable approach to therapeutic relief include, but are not limited to, circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine (Vanhoenacker, P. et al.
• the present invention addresses the need to develop new therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury.
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity modulators of the present invention are capable of treating and preventing diseases associated with dysregulation of 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity, for example circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury.
• diseases associated with dysregulation of 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity for example circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases
• 5-HT7 receptor activity modulators are likely to have a beneficial effect on patients suffering from these disorders.
• the disorders in which 5-HT7 dysregulation plays a role and modulation of 5-HT7 receptor activity by a therapeutic agent may be a viable approach to therapeutic relief include, but are not limited to, circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine (Vanhoenacker, P.et. al.
• 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 receptor activity modulators of the present invention can ameliorate, abate, otherwise cause to be controlled, diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.
• the diseases include, but are not limited to circadian rhythm disorder, depression, schizophrenia, neurogenic inflammation, hypertension, peripheral, vascular diseases, migraine, neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, allodynia, thermoregulation disorder, learning disorder, memory disorder, hippocampal signaling disorder, sleep disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorder, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphonic disorder, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal inflammation, epilepsy, seizure disorders, drug addiction, alcohol addiction, breast cancer, liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestine neuroendocrine tumors, and lung injury.
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• a disease is depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, or bipolar disorder.
• a disease is depression.
• a disease is schizophrenia.
• a disease is anxiety.
• a disease is bipolar disorder.
• a disease is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
• a disease is avoidant personality disorder.
• a disease is seasonal affective disorder.
• a disease is circadian rhythm disorder or hippocampal signaling disorder. In embodiments, a disease is circadian rhythm disorder. In embodiments, a disease is hippocampal signaling disorder.
• a disease is neurogenic inflammation.
• a disease is neuropathic pain, peripheral pain, or allodynia. In embodiments, a disease is neuropathic pain. In embodiments, a disease is peripheral pain. In embodiments, a disease is allodynia.
• a disease is migraine.
• a disease is epilepsy or a seizure disorder. In embodiments, a disease is epilepsy. In embodiments, a disease is a seizure disorder. [034] In embodiments, a disease is a learning disorder or a memory disorder. In embodiments, a disease is a learning disorder. In embodiments, a disease is a memory disorder.
• a disease is an eating disorder.
• a disease is drug addiction or alcohol addiction.
• a disease is a sleep disorder.
• a disease is hypertension or peripheral vascular disease. In embodiments, a disease is hypertension. In embodiments, a disease is peripheral vascular disease.
• a disease is thermoregulation disorder.
• a disease is premature ejaculation.
• a disease is premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphonic disorder. In embodiments, a disease is premenstrual syndrome. In embodiments, a disease is premenstrual dysphonic disorder.
• a disease is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or intestinal inflammation.
• a disease is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• a disease is intestinal inflammation.
• a disease is breast cancer.
• a disease is liver fibrosis, chronic liver injury, or hepatocellular carcinoma.
• a disease is liver fibrosis.
• a disease is chronic liver injury.
• a disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.
• a disease is a small intestine neuroendocrine tumor.
• a disease is lung injury.
• a disease is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• a compound described herein is a selective modulator of the serotonin 5HT7 receptor.
• a compound described herein can more potently bind a serotonin 5HT7 receptor as compared to other targets (e.g., other serotonin receptors).
• a compound may selectively bind a serotonin 5HT7 receptor in a particular tissue or organ.
• compounds described herein may have particularly favorable properties for effective therapy (e.g., of any of the diseases or conditions described herein).
• a compound described herein may exhibit favorably effective blood-brain barrier permeability.
• a compound described herein will not have high blood-brain barrier permeability (e.g., off-target effects will be reduced).
• molecular elements of a compound may be an effective strategy for obtaining the desired biological targeting.
• a compound described herein may selectively bind serotonin 5HT7 receptors in the intestine of a subject. Accordingly, a compound may be used to treat or prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or intestinal inflammation.
• IBD inflammatory bowel disease
• compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
• halogen shall mean chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine.
• alkyl and/or“aliphatic” whether used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to straight and branched carbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or any number within this range, for example 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Designated numbers of carbon atoms e.g. Ci- 6
• Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, Ao-butyl.
• Alkyl groups can be optionally substituted.
• substituted alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, l-chloroethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, l,2-difluoroethyl, 3- carboxypropyl, and the like.
• substituent groups with multiple alkyl groups such as (Ci- 6alkyl)2amino, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
• alkenyl and “alkynyl” groups refer to straight and branched carbon chains having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20, wherein an alkenyl chain has at least one double bond in the chain and an alkynyl chain has at least one triple bond in the chain.
• Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted.
• alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 3- propenyl, l-propenyl (also 2-methylethenyl), isopropenyl ⁇ also 2-methylethen-2-yl), buten-4-yl, and the like.
• Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkenyl groups include 2-chloroethenyl ⁇ also 2-chlorovinyl), 4-hydroxybuten-l-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-4-en-2-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-
• alkynyl groups include ethynyl, prop-2 -ynyl (also propargyl), propyn-l-yl, and 2-methyl-hex-4-yn-l-yl.
• substituted alkynyl groups include, 5-hydroxy-5-methylhex-3-ynyl, 6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-3-yn-2-yl, 5- hydroxy-5-ethylhept-3-ynyl, and the like.
• cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic carbon-containing ring including cyclized alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, e.g., having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 7 or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, or even 3 to 4 ring carbon atoms, and optionally containing one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) double or triple bond.
• Cycloalkyl groups can be monocyclic (e.g., cyclohexyl) or polycyclic (e.g., containing fused, bridged, and/or spiro ring systems), wherein the carbon atoms are located inside or outside of the ring system. Any suitable ring position of the cycloalkyl group can be covalently linked to the defined chemical structure. Cycloalkyl rings can be optionally substituted.
• Nonlimiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include: cyclopropyl, 2-methyl- cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3 -dihydroxy cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctanyl, decalinyl,
• cycloalkyl also includes carbocyclic rings which are bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, non-limiting examples of which include, bicyclo-[2.l. l]hexanyl, bicyclo[2.2. l]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.1. l]heptanyl, l,3-dimethyl[2.2. l]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, and bicyclo[3.3.3]undecanyl.
• “Haloalkyl” is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen.
• Haloalkyl groups include perhaloalkyl groups, wherein all hydrogens of an alkyl group have been replaced with halogens (e.g., -CF3, -CF2CF3). Haloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents in addition to halogen. Examples of haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, dichloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl groups.
• alkoxy refers to the group -O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is as defined above. Alkoxy groups optionally may be substituted.
• C3-C6 cyclic alkoxy refers to a ring containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one oxygen atom (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydro-2H-pyran). C3-C6 cyclic alkoxy groups optionally may be substituted.
• haloalkoxy refers to the group -O-haloalkyl, wherein the haloalkyl group is as defined above.
• haloalkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and pentafluoroethoxyl.
• aryl wherein used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as an unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic ring of 6 carbon members or to an unsaturated, aromatic polycyclic ring of from 10 to 14 carbon members.
• Aryl rings can be, for example, phenyl or naphthyl ring each optionally substituted with one or more moieties capable of replacing one or more hydrogen atoms.
• Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include: phenyl, naphthylen-l-yl, naphthylen-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-amino-4-fluorophenyl, 2- (A'.A'-dicthylamino)phcnyl. 2-cyanophenyl, 2.6-di-toV-butyl phenyl. 3-methoxyphenyl, 8- hydroxynaphthylen-2-yl 4,5-dimethoxynaphthylen-l-yl, and 6-cyano-naphthylen-l-yl.
• Aryl groups also include, for example, phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-l,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
• phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-l,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
• arylalkyl refers to the group -alkyl-aryl, where the alkyl and aryl groups are as defined herein.
• Aralkyl groups of the present invention are optionally substituted. Examples of arylalkyl groups include, for example, benzyl, l-phenylethyl, 2- phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, fluorenylmethyl and the like.
• heterocyclic and/or“heterocycle” and/or“heterocylyl,” whether used alone or as part of another group, are defined herein as one or more ring having from 3 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further the ring that includes the heteroatom is non aromatic.
• the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be aryl (e.g., indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl).
• heterocycle groups have from 3 to 14 ring atoms of which from 1 to 5 are heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• N nitrogen
• O oxygen
• S sulfur
• One or more N or S atoms in a heterocycle group can be oxidized.
• Heterocycle groups can be optionally substituted.
• Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having a single ring include: diazirinyl, aziridinyl, urazolyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolinyl oxathiazolidinonyl, oxazolidinonyl, hydantoinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidin-2-onyl (valerolactam), 2, 3,4,5- tetrahydro- l//-azepinyl.
• heterocyclic units having 2 or more rings include: hexahydro-l/7-pyrrolizinyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-l/7-benzo[d]imidazolyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-l/7-indolyl, 1,2, 3, 4- tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and decahydro-l/7- cycloocta[b]pyrrolyl.
• heteroaryl is defined herein as one or more rings having from 5 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom chosen from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further at least one of the rings that includes a heteroatom is aromatic.
• the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be a carbocycle (e.g., 6,7-Dihydro- 5/7-cyclopentapyrimidine) or aryl (e.g., benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl).
• heteroaryl groups have from 5 to 14 ring atoms and contain from 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). One or more N or S atoms in a heteroaryl group can be oxidized. Heteroaryl groups can be substituted.
• heteroaryl rings containing a single ring include: l,2,3,4-tetrazolyl, [l,2,3]triazolyl, [l,2,4]triazolyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, l/7-imidazolyl, oxazolyl, furanyl, thiopheneyl, pyrimidinyl, 2-phenylpyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, 3-methylpyridinyl, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinyl.
• heteroaryl rings containing 2 or more fused rings include: benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl, phenanthridinyl, 7/7-purinyl, 9/7-purinyl, 6-amino-9/7-purinyl, 5 //-py rrolo
• pyrido[2,3-ri]pyrimidinyl 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazolyl, l/7-indolyl, 4.5.6.7-tetrahydro- 1 -//-indolyl.
• quinoxalinyl 5-methylquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 8- hydroxy-quinolinyl, lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-onyl, lH-benzo[d]imidazolyl, and isoquinolinyl.
• C1-C5 heteroaryl which has 1 to 5 carbon ring atoms and at least one additional ring atom that is a heteroatom (preferably 1 to 4 additional ring atoms that are heteroatoms) independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• additional ring atom preferably 1 to 4 additional ring atoms that are heteroatoms
• Examples of C1-C5 heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, imidazol-l-yl, l//-imidazol-2-yl.
• l//-imidazol-4- yl isoxazolin-5-yl, ftiran-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl.
• the ring when two substituents are taken together to form a ring having a specified number of ring atoms (e.g., R 2 and R 3 taken together with the nitrogen (N) to which they are attached to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members), the ring can have carbon atoms and optionally one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• the ring can be saturated or partially saturated and can be optionally substituted.
• fused ring units, as well as spirocyclic rings, bicyclic rings and the like, which comprise a single heteroatom will be considered to belong to the cyclic family corresponding to the heteroatom containing ring.
• spirocyclic rings, bicyclic rings and the like which comprise a single heteroatom will be considered to belong to the cyclic family corresponding to the heteroatom containing ring.
• l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline having the formula:
• l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridine having the formula:
• substituted is used throughout the specification.
• the term “substituted” is defined herein as a moiety, whether acyclic or cyclic, which has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent or several (e.g., 1 to 10) substituents as defined herein below.
• the substituents are capable of replacing one or two hydrogen atoms of a single moiety at a time.
• these substituents can replace two hydrogen atoms on two adjacent carbons to form said substituent, new moiety or unit.
• a substituted unit that requires a single hydrogen atom replacement includes halogen, hydroxyl, and the like.
• a two hydrogen atom replacement includes carbonyl, oximino, and the like.
• a two hydrogen atom replacement from adjacent carbon atoms includes epoxy, and the like.
• the term“substituted” is used throughout the present specification to indicate that a moiety can have one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent. When a moiety is described as“substituted” any number of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced.
• difluoromethyl is a substituted Ci alkyl
• trifluoromethyl is a substituted Ci alkyl
• 4-hydroxyphenyl is a substituted aromatic ring
• (N,N- dimethyl-5-amino)octanyl is a substituted Cs alkyl
• 3-guanidinopropyl is a substituted C3 alkyl
• 2-carboxypyridinyl is a substituted heteroaryl.
• variable groups defined herein e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl groups defined herein, whether used alone or as part of another group, can be optionally substituted. Optionally substituted groups will be so indicated.
• the substituents are selected from:
• -OR 28 for example, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2CH3;
• -SO2R 28 for example, -SO2H; -SO2CH3; -SO2C6H5;
• each R 28 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., optionally substituted C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl), or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl (e.g optionally substituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl); or two R 28 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms.
• each R 28 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
• substituents of compounds are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the description include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges.
• the term“Ci-6 alkyl” is specifically intended to individually disclose Ci, C2, C3, C 4 , C5, C6, C1-C6, C1-C5, C1-C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, Ci-Ce, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, and C 5 -Ce, alkyl.
• composition of matter stand equally well for the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity modulators described herein, including all enantiomeric forms, diastereomeric forms, salts, and the like, and the terms “compound,” “analog,” and “composition of matter” are used interchangeably throughout the present specification.
• Compounds described herein can contain an asymmetric atom (also referred as a chiral center), and some of the compounds can contain one or more asymmetric atoms or centers, which can thus give rise to optical isomers (enantiomers) and diastereomers.
• enantiomers optical isomers
• diastereomers include such enantiomers and diastereomers, as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers, as well as other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Optical isomers can be obtained in pure form by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art, which include, but are not limited to, diastereomeric salt formation, kinetic resolution, and asymmetric synthesis.
• the present teachings also encompass cis and trans isomers of compounds containing alkenyl moieties (e.g., alkenes and imines). It is also understood that the present teachings encompass all possible regioisomers, and mixtures thereof, which can be obtained in pure form by standard separation procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
• compositions of the present teachings which can have an acidic moiety, can be formed using organic and inorganic bases. Both mono and polyanionic salts are contemplated, depending on the number of acidic hydrogens available for deprotonation.
• Suitable salts formed with bases include metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts; ammonia salts and organic amine salts, such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine (e.g., ethyl-tert-butyl-, diethyl-, diisopropyl-, triethyl-, tributyl- or dimethylpropylamine), or a mono-, di-, or trihydroxy lower alkylamine (e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine).
• metal salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts
• ammonia salts and organic amine salts such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-,
• inorganic bases include NaHCCb, NarCOs, KHCO3, K2CO3, CS2CO3, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, NaFhPCri. NarHPOr, and Na3PC>4.
• Internal salts also can be formed.
• salts can be formed using organic and inorganic acids.
• salts can be formed from the following acids: acetic, propionic, lactic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, tartaric, succinic, dichloroacetic, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hippuric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, napthalenesulfonic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, phthalic, propionic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and camphorsulfonic as well as other known pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
• terapéuticaally effective and “effective dose” refer to a substance or an amount that elicits a desirable biological activity or effect.
• the terms“subject” or“patient” are used interchangeably and refer to mammals such as human patients and non-human primates, as well as experimental animals such as rabbits, rats, and mice, and other animals. Accordingly, the term“subject” or “patient” as used herein means any mammalian patient or subject to which the compounds of the invention can be administered.
• accepted screening methods are employed to determine risk factors associated with a targeted or suspected disease or condition or to determine the status of an existing disease or condition in a subject. These screening methods include, for example, conventional work-ups to determine risk factors that may be associated with the targeted or suspected disease or condition. These and other routine methods allow the clinician to select patients in need of therapy using the methods and compounds of the present invention.
• the 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 7 Activity Modulators [083] The present invention is directed toward novel 5 -hydroxy tryptamine receptor 7 (5-HT7) activity modulators, compounds of formula (I),
• A is selected from a group consisting of and
• R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl;
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a ring having from 5 to 7 ring atoms, optionally containing a double bond;
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a ring having from 6 to 8 ring atoms containing a moiety selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2- pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl, and ;
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2- pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl and ;
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2- pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, optionally substituted 4-pyridyl and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphthylen-l-yl, optionally substituted naphthylen-2-yl, optionally substituted 2- pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, and optionally substituted 4-pyridyl;
• R 7 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted benzyl, COR 8 , CO2R 9 ,
• R 8 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10a is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10b is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• RiOC is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1 -6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, -(CH2) q CN, -(CH 2 ) q S0 2 R n , -
• R 11 is selected from the group consisting of Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3- 7 cycloalkyl;
• R 12 is selected from the group consisting of C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3- 7 cycloalkyl;
• R la , R lb , R lc , R ld , and R le are at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NO2, halogen, CN, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, -S(Ci- 6 linear alkyl), S(C 3 -7 branched alkyl), -S(C 3 -7 cycloalkyl), COR 13 , CO 2 R 14 , CONR 15a R 15
• R 13 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 14 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 15a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 15b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 16a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 16b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 17 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 18 is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 19a is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C1 -6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 19b is at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 linear alkyl, C3 -7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• n 1, 2, or 3.
• each R 1 and R 2 is independently Ci- 6 linear alkyl or C3-7 branched alkyl; or R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring, wherein said 5- to 8-membered ring is saturated or comprises a carbon-carbon double bond, and/or a ring atom that is O, S, SO, SO2, or NR 7
• each R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is independently optionally substituted phenyl, optionally optionally substituted 2-pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, or optionally substituted 4-pyridyl;
• R 6 is independently optionally substituted phenyl, optionally optionally substituted 2- pyridyl, optionally substituted 3-pyridyl, or optionally substituted 4-pyridyl;
• R 7 is independently H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, COR 8 , or SO2R 10c ;
• R 8 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 10c is Ci -6 linear alkyl or C3-7 branched alkyl
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• n 1, 2, or 3.
• n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, n is 3.
• a compound has the formula (XLII):
• a compound has the formula (XLIII):
• n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, n is 3. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2.
• each of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted Ci- 6 alkyl. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is ethyl. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is methyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring, optionally containing one carbon-carbon double bonds and/or a ring atom selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 .
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclooctenyl.
• said C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl is unsubstituted.
• said C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl is substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrobdinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• a compound has a structure according to formula (XXXXIIIa):
• - represents a single bond.
• - represents a double bond
• the lactam stereocenter substituted by nitrogen has the
• the lactam stereocenter substituted by nitrogen has the
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5 - to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 .
• 5- to 8-membered ring is not further substituted.
• said 5- to 8-membered ring further comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F,
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group where the nitrogen atom is NR 7 .
• said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group is not further substituted.
• said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group further comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents as described herein.
• a compound has the formula (XLIIIb)
• a compound has the formula (XLIV)
• a compound has the formula (XLV)
• n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, n is 3. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2.
• R 7 is COR 8
• R 8 is Ci- 6 linear alkyl
• R 7 is acetyl
• R 7 is SO2R 10c
• R 10c is Ci- 6 linear alkyl
• R 10c is methyl (i.e., R 7 is SOiMc).
• R 3 is unsubstituted phenyl.
• R 3 is substituted phenyl.
• R 3 is phenyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents (e.g., phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halo, cyano, Ci- 6 alkoxy, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 8-membered heterocylyl.
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, - Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylphenyl, fluorophenyl, chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, cyanophenyl, tolyl, methoxylphenyl, difluorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, chloro-fluorophenyl, dimethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl,
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3- fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3 -chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-fluoro-3- chlorophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-morpholinophenyl, and 4-methyl- 2-morpholinophenyl .
• R 3 is 2-pyridyl. In embodiments, R 3 is 3-pyridyl. In embodiments, R 3 is 4-pyridyl. In embodiments, said pyridyl is unsubstituted. In embodiments, said pyridyl is substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., pyridyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halo, cyano, Ci- 6 alkoxy, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, Ci- 6 haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 8-membered heterocylyl.
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr, - OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr, -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 2 °a, R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, Ci-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC3-7Cycloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cycloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b NHC(0)R 24 , C(0)NHR 24 ,
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ild-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ild-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ild- 4):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ild-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NC , -OH, halogen, Ci-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, C1-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cycloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b NHC(0)R 24 , C(0)NHR 24 , C
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are hydrogen.
• inventions include compounds having formula (Ilf):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilh- 1):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilh-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilh- 4):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions include compounds having formula (Ili):
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, C1-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b NHC(0)R 24 , C(0)NHR 24 , C
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20e are hydrogen.
• inventions include compounds having formula (Ilj):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIL-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions include compounds having formula (IIL-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIL-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIL-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• R 20td . and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, - CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, Ci- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1- 6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC 3 -7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C 3 -7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are hydrogen.
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIp-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIp-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIp- 4):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIp-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20 ⁇ 1 . R 20b . R 20t . R 20d . R 20c . R 20f . and R 20g are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, C1-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC 3 -7Cycloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, SO2C3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 ,
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , R 20e , R 20f , and R 20g are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIs):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (lit):
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilt-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilt- 2):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilt-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilt- 4):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (Ilt-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 2 " ⁇ 1 . R 20b . R 20t . R 20d . R 20c . R 20f . and R 20g are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, C1-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC 3 -7Cycloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, SO2C3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , R 20e , R 20f , and R 20g are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIw):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIx-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIx
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIx-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIx- 4):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIx-
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions include compounds having formula (III):
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, Ci-6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC3-7Cycloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cycloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b NHC(0)R 24 , C(0)NHR 24 , C
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2; and Q 2 is 1 or 2.
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2; and Q 2 is 1 or 2.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1- 6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC 3 - 7cycloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C 3 -7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7cycloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1-6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC 3 - 7cycloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C 3 -7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7cycloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23a R 23b NHC(0)R
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20e are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• inventions of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 2 ° a , R 20b , R 20d , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1- 6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC 3 - 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C 3 -7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , and R 20d are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20f . and R 20g are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C1-6 linear alkoxy, C3-7 branched alkoxy, C3-7 cycloalkoxy, C1-6 linear haloalkyl, C3-7 branched haloalkyl, Ci- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C3-7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC 1-6 linear alkyl, SC3-7 branched alkyl, SC 3 -7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1-6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, SO2C3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , R 20e , R 20f , and R 20g are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20 ⁇ 1 . R 20b . R 20t . R 20d . R 20c . R 20f . and R 20g are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, C1- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, C1- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, C1- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1- 6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC 3 -7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C 3 -7 branched alkyl, SO2C3- 7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , R 20e , R 20f , and R 20g are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIIw):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIIx-2):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IIIx-3):
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2; and Q 2 is 1 or 2.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula (IV):
• a compound has a structure according to Formula (XLVII),
• a compound has a structure according to Formula (XLVII),
• n is 1, 2, or 3. In embodiments, n is 1. In embodiments, n is 2. In embodiments, n is 1 or 2.
• each of R 1 and R 2 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is ethyl. In embodiments, each of R 1 and R 2 is methyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5- to 8-membered ring, optionally containing one carbon-carbon double bonds and/or a ring atom selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 .
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or a Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclooctenyl.
• said C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl is unsubstituted.
• said C3-C8 cycloalkyl or Cs-Cs cycloalkenyl is substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF 3 , cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5 - to 8-membered ring containing a ring atom that is NR 7 .
• said 5- to 8-membered ring is not further substituted.
• said 5- to 8-membered ring further comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group where the nitrogen atom is NR 7 .
• said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group is not further substituted.
• said pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl group further comprises 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents as described herein.
• R 7 is COR 8
• R 8 is Ci- 6 linear alkyl
• R 7 is acetyl
• R 7 is SO2R 10c
• R 10c is Ci- 6 linear alkyl
• R 10c is methyl (i.e., R 7 is S02Me).
• R 4 is phenyl
• R 4 is substituted phenyl.
• R 4 is phenyl substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents (e.g., phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents as described herein).
• the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halo, cyano, Ci- 6 alkoxy, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 8-membered heterocylyl.
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr, -OCF3, -Me, - Et, - n Pr, -'Pr, -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylphenyl, fluorophenyl, chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, cyanophenyl, tolyl, methoxylphenyl, difluorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, chloro-fluorophenyl, dimethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl,
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3- fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3 -chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-fluoro-3- chlorophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-morpholinophenyl, and 4-methyl- 2-morpholinophenyl .
• R 4 is pyridyl. In embodiments, R 4 is 2-pyridyl. In
• R 4 is 3-pyridyl. In embodiments, R 4 is 4-pyridyl. In embodiments, said pyridyl is unsubstituted. In embodiments, said pyridyl is substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents (e.g., pyridyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents as described herein). In embodiments, the substitutents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halo, cyano, Ci- 6 alkoxy, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3- 7 branched alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, and 3- to 8-membered heterocylyl.
• the substituents are selected from the group consisting of -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, - CN, -OMe, -OEt, -O n Pr, -O'Pr. -OCF3, -Me, -Et, - n Pr, -'Pr. -CF3, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholino.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, halogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, C 3 -7 cycloalkyl, Ci- 6 linear alkoxy, C 3 -7 branched alkoxy, C 3 -7 cycloalkoxy, Ci- 6 linear haloalkyl, C 3 -7 branched haloalkyl, Ci- 6 linear haloalkoxy, C 3 -7 branched haloalkoxy, SH, SC1- 6 linear alkyl, SC 3 -7 branched alkyl, SC3-7Cyeloalkyl, SO2C1- 6 linear alkyl, SO2C3-7 branched alkyl, S02C3-7Cyeloalkyl, SO2NH2, SO2NHR 21 , NHSO2R 22 , -NR 23
• R 21 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci- 6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 22 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23a at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 23b at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 24 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C3-7 branched alkyl, and C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R 25 at each occurrence is independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 linear alkyl, C 3 -7 branched alkyl, and C 3 -7 cycloalkyl;
• R 20a , R 20b , R 20c , R 20d , and R 20e are hydrogen.
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• X 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, and NR 7 ;
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• the embodiments of the present invention include compounds having formula
• Q 1 is 1 or 2
• Q 1 is 1 or 2

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