WO2019212128A1 - 배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 관리 방법 및 상기 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 관리 방법 및 상기 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019212128A1 WO2019212128A1 PCT/KR2019/001636 KR2019001636W WO2019212128A1 WO 2019212128 A1 WO2019212128 A1 WO 2019212128A1 KR 2019001636 W KR2019001636 W KR 2019001636W WO 2019212128 A1 WO2019212128 A1 WO 2019212128A1
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- battery pack
- switch
- pack
- current
- terminal
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management device for a plurality of battery packs, a battery management method and an energy storage system including the battery management device.
- lithium batteries have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, and thus are free of charge and discharge, and have a very high self discharge rate. Its low and high energy density has attracted much attention.
- the battery management device may include a single battery pack, but a new battery pack may be added for the purpose of expanding the charge / discharge capacity.
- the battery management apparatus includes a plurality of battery packs
- the plurality of battery packs may be installed to be connected in parallel with each other.
- an inrush current may flow due to a voltage difference between the plurality of battery packs. Inrush currents not only degrade the life of the battery pack, but can also cause serious physical damage to the battery pack and peripheral circuits.
- the battery management device may include a circuit breaker (circuit breaker).
- the circuit breaker is a component that electrically separates each battery pack from an electrical load in order to protect each battery pack in a specific situation (eg, power failure, long term nonuse, overcurrent) in the battery management apparatus.
- a specific situation eg, power failure, long term nonuse, overcurrent
- the lever of the breaker is tripped to the OFF position, there is an inconvenience in that the operator must manually push the lever to the ON position.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, a battery management device, battery management that can protect a plurality of battery packs and peripheral circuits due to inrush current from physical damage when a plurality of battery packs are connected in parallel, It is an object of the present invention to provide an energy storage system including a device and the battery management device.
- a battery management device when a specific situation (eg, power failure, long-term unused, overcurrent) occurs, a battery management device, a battery management device and the battery management device that can safely and electrically separate each battery pack from an electrical load without using a circuit breaker. It is another object to provide an energy storage system comprising a.
- the battery management apparatus may be connected to a power conversion system through a first terminal and a second terminal.
- the battery management apparatus may include a first battery pack; A second battery pack; A first switch connected in series with the first battery pack between the first terminal and the second terminal; A second switch connected in series with the second battery pack between the first terminal and the second terminal; And a control unit operatively coupled to the first switch and the second switch.
- the controller is configured to execute balancing steps for parallel connection between the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
- the control unit in response to the first notification signal from the power conversion system while any one of the balancing steps, is executed, the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack in a shutdown preparation mode. Is configured to determine whether is within a predetermined current range.
- the control unit is configured to turn off the first switch and the second switch when it is determined that the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack are within the current range.
- the control unit is configured to execute the shutdown preparation mode at a time point when a predetermined preparation period elapses from the time point at which the first notification signal is received.
- the preparation period may be equal to or greater than a tracking period of the power conversion system.
- the tracking period may represent a minimum time required for the power conversion system to reduce the power being supplied between the first terminal and the second terminal to 0W.
- the controller is a time point at which the first notification signal was received during the balancing steps. It can be configured to restart any balancing step that was running at.
- the controller may determine that at least one of the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack is out of the current range when the shutdown preparation mode is executed. And a current diagnostic mode for monitoring indefinitely each of the pack current and the pack current of the second battery pack.
- the controller may turn off the first switch and the second switch when the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack are within the current range while the current diagnosis mode is executed. It can be configured to.
- the control unit receives a second notification signal from the power conversion system while the current diagnosis mode is executed.
- the first switch and the second switch may be configured to be kept turned on.
- the first notification signal may indicate that power supply from an electric system electrically connected to the power conversion system is cut off.
- the second notification signal may indicate that power supply from the electric system is resumed.
- Energy storage system according to another aspect of the present invention, the battery management device; And the power conversion system connected to the battery management device through the first terminal and the second terminal.
- the battery management method may include: in response to a first notification signal from the power conversion system during any one of balancing steps for parallel connection between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the shutdown preparation mode. Executing; Determining whether the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack are within a predetermined current range in the shutdown preparation mode; And when it is determined that the pack current of the first battery pack and the pack current of the second battery pack are within the current range, turning off the first switch and the second switch.
- the plurality of battery packs and peripheral circuits due to the inrush current may be protected from physical damage.
- each battery pack when a specific situation (eg power failure, long-term unused, overcurrent) occurs, each battery pack can be safely and electrically isolated from the electrical load without using a circuit breaker. .
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention by way of example.
- FIG. 2 to 4 are views referred to for describing operations that may be performed to connect the first battery pack and the second battery pack of FIG. 1 in parallel.
- 5 and 6 are flowcharts illustrating a method for connecting the first battery pack and the second battery pack in parallel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for protecting a battery management device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit> means a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of an energy storage system 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention by way of example.
- the energy storage system 10 includes a battery management apparatus 20 and a power conversion system 30.
- the battery management apparatus 20 may be electrically connected to the power conversion system 30 through the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the battery management apparatus 20 includes a first battery pack 110, a second battery pack 120, a first switch SW1, a second switch SW2, and a controller 200.
- the first battery pack 110 includes at least one battery cell.
- the second battery pack 120 includes at least one battery cell.
- Each battery cell included in the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 may be a rechargeable battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydrogen battery or a nickel zinc battery. have.
- the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 may be manufactured to have the same rated voltage, rated current, and design capacity. However, the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 may have different states of health (SOH) or the like depending on the number of charge / discharge cycles.
- SOH states of health
- the first switch SW1 is connected in series with the first battery pack 110 between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- one end of the first switch SW1 is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery pack 110, and the other end of the first switch SW1 is connected to the first terminal P +.
- the negative terminal of the first battery pack 110 is connected to the second terminal P-.
- the first switch SW1 is turned on, the first battery pack 110 is electrically connected between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ through the first switch SW1.
- the first switch SW1 When the first switch SW1 is turned off, the first battery pack 110 is electrically disconnected from at least one of the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the second switch SW2 is connected in series with the second battery pack 120 between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- one end of the second switch SW2 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery pack 120, and the other end of the second switch SW2 is connected to the first terminal P +.
- the negative terminal of the second battery pack 120 is connected to the second terminal P-.
- the second switch SW2 is turned on, the second battery pack 120 is electrically connected between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ through the second switch SW2.
- the second switch SW2 When the second switch SW2 is turned off, the second battery pack 120 is electrically disconnected from at least one of the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- Each of the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 may be implemented by combining any one or two or more of known switching elements such as, for example, a relay or a field effect transistor (FET).
- FET field effect transistor
- the controller 200 is configured to individually monitor the states of the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120.
- the control unit 200 is configured to individually control the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2.
- the controller 200 may include a first slave controller 310, a second slave controller 320, and a master controller 400.
- the first slave controller 310 is configured to periodically monitor the operating state of the first battery pack 110, and includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a processor.
- the voltage sensor of the first slave controller 310 is configured to measure the voltage of the first battery pack 110.
- the current sensor of the first slave controller 310 is configured to measure the pack current flowing through the first battery pack 110.
- the first slave controller 310 is configured to calculate a state of charge (SOC) of the first battery pack 110 based on at least one of a voltage and a current of the first battery pack 110.
- the first slave controller 310 is configured to periodically transmit first data indicating at least one of the voltage and the SOC of the first battery pack 110 to the master controller 400.
- the first slave controller 310 and the master controller 400 are connected to each other through a communication interface to transmit the first data.
- the second slave controller 320 is configured to periodically monitor an operating state of the second battery pack 120 and includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a processor.
- the voltage sensor of the second slave controller 320 is configured to measure the voltage of the second battery pack 120.
- the current sensor of the second slave controller 320 is configured to measure the pack current flowing through the second battery pack 120.
- the second slave controller 320 is configured to calculate the SOC of the second battery pack 120 based on at least one of the voltage and the current of the second battery pack 120.
- the second slave controller 320 is configured to periodically transmit second data indicating at least one of the voltage and the SOC of the second battery pack 120 to the master controller 400.
- the second slave controller 320 and the master controller 400 are connected to each other through a communication interface to transmit the second data.
- the SOC may be calculated based on the voltage and the pack current of each battery pack by using ampere counting, an equivalent circuit model, or a Kalman filter.
- the master controller 400 is operatively coupled to the first slave controller 310, the second slave controller 320, the first switch SW1, the second switch SW2, and the power conversion system 30.
- the master controller 400 is configured to calculate a voltage difference and an SOC difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120.
- the master controller 400 executes software that is pre-stored in the memory device for parallel connection between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120, so that the first switch SW1 and the second switch ( SW2) can be turned on or off individually.
- the master controller 400 may include a first terminal between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ to charge at least one of the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120.
- the power conversion system 30 may be instructed to supply or stop supplying either the constant power or the second constant power.
- Each of the first slave controller 310, the second slave controller 320, and the master controller 400 may be configured in hardware by application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), It may be implemented to include at least one of programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microprocessors, and electrical units for performing other functions.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- microprocessors microprocessors
- At least one processor of the first slave controller 310, the second slave controller 320, and the master controller 400 may include a memory device.
- Examples of the memory device may include a RAM, a ROM, a register, a hard disk, and an optical. Recording media or magnetic recording media can be used.
- the memory device is generated when a program including various control logic executed by at least one of the first slave controller 310, the second slave controller 320, and the master controller 400, and / or the control logic is executed. To be stored, updated and / or erased.
- the power conversion system 30 is operatively coupled to the control unit 200 via a communication interface.
- the communication interface may be implemented using a known communication interface such as LAN, CANN, short-range wired or wireless communication network.
- the power conversion system 30 may be electrically connected to at least one of the grid and the electrical load.
- the power conversion system 30 may convert the electric power supplied from the grid or the battery management device 20 and then supply the electric load.
- the power conversion system 30 In response to the command from the controller 200, the power conversion system 30 generates constant power having a magnitude corresponding to the command by using the input power from the system, and converts the generated constant power into the first terminal P +. ) And the second terminal P-.
- the power conversion system 30 may selectively transmit the first notification signal and the second notification signal to the controller 200 while monitoring the system status (for example, power failure and power recovery).
- FIG. 2 to 4 are views referred to for describing operations that may be performed to connect the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 in FIG. 1 in parallel.
- active operations performed by the controller 200 for example, SOC calculation and comparison, SOH calculation, voltage data acquisition and comparison, current data acquisition and comparison, transmission or reception of various commands, switch control, etc. Unless otherwise mentioned, it is noted that it is performed by the master controller 400.
- the controller 200 When the controller 200 performs a calculation using a voltage or a current, the corresponding voltage or current data is data periodically transmitted from the first and second slave controllers 310 and 320 to the master controller 400.
- Control logic performed by the controller 200 may be stored as a program in a memory device included in the master controller 400 and executed by a processor.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned off.
- the first switch SW1 when the first switch SW1 is turned off, the first battery pack 110 is electrically separated from at least one of the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ , and the second switch When SW2 is turned off, the second battery pack 120 is also electrically disconnected from at least one of the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the controller 200 measures the voltage of the first battery pack 110 and the voltage of the second battery pack 120 using the first and second slave controllers 310 and 320, respectively, and measures the first battery pack ( The voltage difference between 110 and the second battery pack 120 is calculated.
- the controller 200 compares the voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 with the first threshold voltage.
- the first threshold voltage may be predetermined, for example 2.5V.
- the controller 200 may calculate the first threshold voltage based on the SOH of the first battery pack 110 and the SOH of the second battery pack 120. That is, the first threshold voltage may be changed depending on the SOH of the first battery pack 110 and the SOH of the second battery pack 120, rather than being predetermined.
- a look-up table capable of looking up the first threshold voltage according to at least one of the SOH of the first battery pack 110 and the SOH of the second battery pack 120 is stored in a memory device of the master controller 400 to store the master controller ( 400).
- the SOH is the full charge capacity of the middle of life (MOL) state and the starting of BOL calculated by integrating the amount of current while the first and second battery packs 110 and 120 are charged from the discharge lower limit voltage to the charge upper limit voltage. It may be a relative comparison value of the full charge capacity of the Life) state.
- the controller 200 may determine the first and second voltages of the first and second battery packs 110 and 120 measured by the first and second slave controllers 310 and 320 from the discharge lower limit voltage to the charge upper limit voltage.
- the full charge capacity of the MOL state may be calculated using current data of the first and second battery packs 110 and 120 measured by the second slave controllers 310 and 320.
- the controller 200 may determine the full charge capacity of the BOL state with reference to data previously stored in the memory device.
- the controller 200 may store the calculated SOH data in the memory device of the master controller 400.
- FIG. 3 shows a state in which both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned on.
- the controller 200 determines that the voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is a first threshold when the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are both turned off. If it is less than the voltage, both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned on. The reason is that the voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 that is less than the first threshold voltage does not generate an inrush current having a size that may cause physical damage to the battery management apparatus 20. Because it does not.
- the controller 200 may have a voltage greater than that of the first battery pack 110 when the voltage of the second battery pack 120 is turned on when both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned off.
- the threshold voltage is higher than the threshold voltage
- the first switch SW1 connected in series to the first battery pack 110 is turned on while the second switch SW2 connected in series with the second battery pack 120 is turned off. Accordingly, the first battery pack 110 is electrically connected to the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ through the turned on first switch SW1 and supplied by the power conversion system 30. It becomes possible to charge by the constant electric power which becomes.
- the controller 200 has a difference in SOC between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 when the first switch SW1 is turned on and the second switch SW2 is turned off. If above the threshold SOC, the first command is sent to the power conversion system 30. On the other hand, the control unit 200, the SOC of the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 when the first switch (SW1) is turned on and the second switch (SW2) is turned off. If the difference is less than the threshold SOC, send a second command to the power conversion system 30. The first command is for requesting the power conversion system 30 to supply the first constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the power conversion system 30 may supply the first constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ in response to the first command.
- the second command is for requesting the power conversion system 30 to supply a second constant power smaller than the first constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ . That is, the power conversion system 30 may supply the second constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ in response to the second command. For example, when the SOC of the first battery pack 110 is smaller than the SOC of the second battery pack 120 by more than a threshold SOC, the first battery pack 110 is charged with the first constant power, and then the first battery pack 110.
- the first battery pack 110 is charged with the second constant power from the time when the sum of the SOC and the threshold SOC is equal to the SOC of the second battery pack 120.
- the critical SOC may be predetermined.
- the controller 200 may calculate the threshold SOC based on the SOH of the first battery pack 110 and the SOH of the second battery pack 120. That is, the threshold SOC may vary depending on the SOH of the first battery pack 110 and the SOH of the second battery pack 120, rather than being predetermined.
- a look-up table capable of looking up the threshold SOC by the SOHs of the first and second battery packs 110 and 120 may include a master controller ( Stored in a memory device of 400 and may be referenced by the master controller 400.
- the controller 200 may periodically calculate a voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 while the first battery pack 110 is charging with the second electrostatic power. If the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is less than the voltage of the second battery pack 120 while the first battery pack 110 is charged with the second electrostatic power, the controller 200 may switch the first switch SW1. ) May be turned on and the second switch SW2 may be turned off.
- the controller 200 may turn on the second switch SW2 as shown in FIG. 3.
- the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is greater than or equal to the voltage of the second battery pack 120 while the first battery pack 110 is charged with the second electrostatic power and the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack.
- the controller 200 may turn on the second switch SW2 as shown in FIG. 3.
- the second threshold voltage corresponds to a voltage drop caused by the internal resistance and the charging current of each battery pack.
- the second threshold voltage may be predetermined, equal to, higher or lower than the first threshold voltage.
- the controller 400 may determine the second threshold voltage based on the SOH of the battery pack 110 or 120 being charged with the second electrostatic power. As the SOH of any one battery pack being charged with the second electrostatic power is lower, the second threshold voltage determined by the controller 400 may be higher. For example, when the SOH of any one battery pack being charged with the second constant power is 98%, the second threshold voltage may be determined as 3.0V, and when the SOH is 96%, the second threshold voltage may be determined as 3.3V.
- a lookup table capable of looking up the second threshold voltage according to the SOH of one battery pack being charged with the second electrostatic power may be stored in the memory device of the master controller 400 and referred to by the master controller 400.
- the controller 200 may transmit the third command to the power conversion system 30 or the transmission of the second command may be stopped. That is, the third command may include a voltage between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 while one of the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is charged with the second electrostatic power. If the difference is greater than or equal to the second threshold voltage, the controller 400 may output the control unit 400.
- the power conversion system 30 may be configured to stop the supply of the second constant power when the third command is transmitted from the control unit 200 or the transmission of the second command is stopped while the second constant power is supplied. .
- the controller 200 may determine a voltage between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 when a predetermined stabilization period elapses from when the power conversion system 30 stops supplying the second electrostatic power. It may be determined whether the difference is less than the first threshold voltage.
- the stabilization period is a period for removing polarization generated while each battery pack is charged with the second electrostatic power. If the voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 when the stabilization period elapses is less than the first threshold voltage, the controller 200 also turns on the second switch SW2. Let's do it. Accordingly, the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 are connected in parallel with each other between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the controller 200 turns off to the first switch SW1. Let's do it. Accordingly, both the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 are electrically separated from at least one of the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are flowcharts illustrating a method for connecting the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 in parallel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Each step of FIGS. 5 and 6 may be referred to as a balancing step.
- the balancing steps to be described later include the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 so that the inrush current does not flow when the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 are connected to each other in parallel.
- the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are sequentially turned on while charging any one of them.
- the method shown in FIG. 5 is started when both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are turned off. For convenience of description, it is assumed that the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is lower than the voltage of the second battery pack 120 at the time when the method shown in FIG. 5 is started.
- step S500 the controller 200 determines whether a voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is less than a first threshold voltage. For example, when the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is 200V, the voltage of the second battery pack 120 is 202V, and the first threshold voltage is 2.5V, the value of step S500 is “Yes”. As another example, when the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is 200V, the voltage of the second battery pack 120 is 205V, and the first threshold voltage is 2.5V, the value of step S500 becomes “No”. If the value of step S500 is "Yes”, step S510 is reached. If the value of step S500 is "No", step S520 is reached.
- step S510 the controller 200 turns on both the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. This is to electrically connect the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 to each other in parallel.
- step S520 the controller 200 turns on the first switch SW1. That is, when the voltage of the second battery pack 120 is higher than the voltage of the first battery pack 110 by more than a threshold voltage, the first switch SW1 is turned on. At this time, the second switch SW2 is kept turned off. Accordingly, the first battery pack 110 is in a state capable of being charged with power supplied between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ .
- the controller 200 determines whether an SOC difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is less than a threshold SOC. For example, when the SOC of the first battery pack 110 is 66%, the SOC of the second battery pack 120 is 75%, and the threshold SOC is 8%, the SOC difference is 9%. Becomes "No". As another example, when the SOC of the first battery pack 110 is 70%, the SOC of the second battery pack 120 is 75%, and the threshold SOC is 8%, the SOC difference is 5%. "Yes”. If the value of step S530 is "No", step S540 proceeds. If the value of step 530 is "Yes", step S550 proceeds.
- the controller 200 transmits a first command to the power conversion system 30.
- the power conversion system 30 supplies the first constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ in response to the first command.
- the first battery pack 110 may be charged with the first electrostatic power.
- the first constant power may correspond to a first ratio of a predetermined maximum power. The first ratio may be greater than zero and less than one. For example, when the maximum power is 1000W and the first ratio is 0.5, the first constant power is 500W.
- the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is 300V at a time point when 500W of the first constant power is supplied, the first battery pack as the charging current of 5 / 3A flows into the first battery pack 110. 110 may be charged.
- the controller 200 transmits a second command to the power conversion system 30.
- the power conversion system 30 supplies the second constant power between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ in response to the second command. Accordingly, the first battery pack 110 may be charged with the second electrostatic power.
- the second constant power may correspond to a second ratio of the predetermined maximum power.
- the second ratio may be greater than zero and less than one.
- the second ratio may be smaller than the first ratio. For example, when the maximum power is 1000W and the second ratio is 0.1 smaller than the first ratio, the second constant power is 100W.
- the first battery pack 110 When the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is 300V at a time when 100W of the second electrostatic power is supplied, the first battery pack as 1 / 3A of charging current flows into the first battery pack 110. 110 may be charged. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can easily understand that when the second electrostatic power is supplied, the first battery pack 110 will be charged relatively slower than when the first electrostatic power is supplied, and the voltage drop due to the charging current is reduced. There will be.
- step S560 the controller 200 determines whether the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is lower than the voltage of the second battery pack 120. If the value of step S560 is "Yes”, step S550 proceeds. If the value of step S560 is "No”, step S570 proceeds.
- step S570 the controller 200 determines whether a voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is greater than the second threshold voltage. If the value of step S570 is "No", step S580 proceeds. If the value of step S570 is "Yes”, step S600 proceeds.
- the controller 200 turns on the second switch SW2. Since the first switch SW1 is already turned on from the step S520, the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 may be the first from the time when the first switch SW1 is turned on to the second switch SW2 by the step S580. It is connected in parallel with each other between the terminal (P +) and the second terminal (P-).
- the controller 200 transmits a third command to the power conversion system 30.
- the power conversion system stops supplying the second constant power in response to the third command.
- step S570 the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is excessively high compared to the period during which the second electrostatic power is supplied. This is a situation where the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is actually rapidly increased or the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is incorrectly measured. Therefore, the controller 200 may transmit a third command to temporarily stop charging of the first battery pack 110.
- step S610 the controller 200 determines whether the stabilization period has elapsed from the time when the third command is transmitted. During the stabilization period, the voltage of the first battery pack 110 is gradually lowered toward the open voltage corresponding to the SOC of the first battery pack 110. If the value of step S610 is "Yes", step S620 is reached.
- step S620 the controller 200 determines whether a voltage difference between the first battery pack 110 and the second battery pack 120 is less than the first threshold voltage. If the value of step S620 is "Yes”, step S580 proceeds. If the value of step S620 is "No”, step S630 proceeds.
- step S500 may be automatically re-executed.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for protecting the battery management apparatus 20 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The method of FIG. 7 may begin while any one of the balancing steps of FIGS. 5 and 6 is being executed.
- step S700 the control unit 200 determines whether the first notification signal is received from the power conversion system 30. That is, the controller 200 may periodically monitor whether the first notification signal is received.
- the first notification signal may indicate that power supply from an electric system electrically connected to the power conversion system 30 is interrupted due to a power failure or the like.
- the power conversion system 30 may transmit the first notification signal to the controller 200 and then start the operation of reducing the power being supplied between the first terminal and the second terminal to 0W (watt). have. If the value of step S700 is "Yes", step S710 proceeds.
- step S710 the control unit 200 stops the balancing steps in response to the first notification signal. For example, any one (eg, S530, S560, S580, or S610) that is being executed at the time when the first notification signal is received among steps S500 to S630 of FIGS. 5 and 6 is stopped.
- the controller 200 may store data for identifying one of the interrupted balancing steps in its memory device.
- step S720 the control unit 200 determines whether a predetermined preparation period has elapsed from the time when the first notification signal is received.
- the preparation period is longer than the tracking period of the power conversion system 30.
- the preparation period may be twice the tracking period.
- the tracking period represents the maximum time required for the power conversion system 30 to reduce the power being supplied between the first terminal P + and the second terminal P ⁇ to 0W. If the value of step S720 is "Yes”, step S730 is reached. If the value of step S720 is "No", step S760 proceeds.
- the controller 200 executes the shutdown preparation mode, and uses the first and second slave controllers 310 and 320 in the shutdown preparation mode to pack the current and the second battery of the first battery pack 110.
- Each pack current of the pack 120 is measured. That is, the shutdown preparation mode is a mode for measuring the pack current of the first battery pack 110 and the pack current of the second battery pack 120 and confirming whether each pack current is within a predetermined current range. It may be executed when a predetermined preparation period has elapsed from the time point at which the signal is received.
- the controller 200 determines whether the pack current of the first battery pack 110 and the pack current of the second battery pack 120 are within a predetermined current range.
- the current range can be, for example, -1.5 to +1.5 A.
- the power control system operates normally (ie, the supply power decreases to 0W within the standby period) that the pack current of the first battery pack 110 is within the current range, the first switch SW1 is turned off. In this case, the first switch SW1 is not damaged.
- the second switch SW2 is not damaged even when the second switch SW2 is turned off. Indicates.
- step S740 A value of “No” in step S740 indicates that at least one of the pack current of the first battery pack 110 and the pack current of the second battery pack 120 is out of the current range. If the value of step S740 is "Yes”, step S750 proceeds. If the value of step S740 is "No”, the control unit 200 executes the current diagnostic mode, and returns to step S730. That is, in the current diagnosis mode, the pack current of the first battery pack 110 and the second battery until the pack current of the first battery pack 110 and the pack current of the second battery pack 120 are within a current range. The mode for monitoring the pack current of the pack 120 indefinitely.
- step S750 the controller 200 turns off the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. If either one of the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 is already turned off, the controller 200 may turn off only the other one.
- step S760 the control unit 200 determines whether a second notification signal has been received from the power conversion system 30.
- the second notification signal may be received, for example, during step S710 or S720.
- the second notification signal may indicate that power supply from the electric system has been restarted by power recovery or the like. If the value of step S760 is "Yes”, step S770 proceeds. If the value of step S760 is "No", the flow returns to step S720.
- the control unit 200 may start from the power conversion system 30 while the current diagnosis mode is executed.
- the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 may be turned on.
- step S770 the control unit 200 restarts any balancing step interrupted in step S710.
- the second notification signal may indicate that power supply from the electric system has been restarted by power recovery or the like.
- the control unit 200 confirms that step S530 is stopped based on the data stored in the memory device, and then in step S770 the balancing step S530. Can be restarted.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 제1 단자와 제2 단자를 통해 전력 변환 시스템에 연결되는 배터리 관리 장치에 있어서,제1 배터리팩;제2 배터리팩;상기 제1 단자와 상기 제2 단자 사이에서 상기 제1 배터리팩과 직렬 연결되는 제1 스위치;상기 제1 단자와 상기 제2 단자 사이에서 상기 제2 배터리팩과 직렬 연결되는 제2 스위치; 및상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치에 동작 가능하게 결합된 제어부를 포함하되,상기 제어부는,상기 제1 배터리팩과 상기 제2 배터리팩 간의 병렬 연결을 위한 밸런싱 단계들 중 어느 하나가 실행되는 중에 상기 전력 변환 시스템으로부터의 제1 통지 신호에 응답하여, 셧다운 준비 모드에서 상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류가 미리 정해진 전류 범위 내인지 여부를 판정하고,상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류가 상기 전류 범위 내인 것으로 판정된 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 턴 오프시키도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 제1 통지 신호가 수신된 시점으로부터 미리 정해진 준비 기간이 경과된 시점에 상기 셧다운 준비 모드를 실행하도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 준비 기간은, 상기 전력 변환 시스템의 트래킹 기간 이상이고,상기 트래킹 기간은, 상기 전력 변환 시스템이 상기 제1 단자 및 상기 제2 단자 사이에 공급 중인 전력을 0W까지 감소시키는 데에 요구되는 최소 시간을 나타내는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 제1 통지 신호가 수신된 시점으로부터 상기 준비 기간이 경과되기 전에 상기 전력 변환 시스템으로부터의 제2 통지 신호가 수신되는 경우, 상기 밸런싱 단계들 중 상기 제1 통지 신호가 수신되었던 시점에서 실행 중이었던 어느 한 밸런싱 단계를 재시작하도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 셧다운 준비 모드가 실행된 시점에서의 상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류 중 적어도 하나가 상기 전류 범위를 벗어나는 것으로 판정된 경우, 상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류 각각을 무기한 감시하기 위한 전류 진단 모드를 실행하도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 전류 진단 모드가 실행되는 중에 상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류가 상기 전류 범위 내가 되는 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 턴 오프시키도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 제1 통지 신호가 수신되었던 시점에서 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치가 턴 온되어 있었다면, 상기 전류 진단 모드가 실행되는 중에 상기 전력 변환 시스템으로부터의 제2 통지 신호가 수신되는 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 턴 온 상태로 유지하도록 구성되는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 통지 신호는,상기 전력 변환 시스템에 전기적으로 연결된 전기 계통으로부터의 전력 공급이 차단되었음을 나타내는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제2 통지 신호는,상기 전기 계통으로부터의 전력 공급이 재개되었음을 나타내는, 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 상기 배터리 관리 장치; 및상기 제1 단자 및 상기 제2 단자를 통해 상기 배터리 관리 장치에 연결되는 상기 전력 변환 시스템을 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 제1항에 따른 상기 배터리 관리 장치를 보호하기 위한 배터리 관리 방법에 있어서,상기 제1 배터리팩과 상기 제2 배터리팩 간의 병렬 연결을 위한 밸런싱 단계들 중 어느 하나가 실행되는 중에 상기 전력 변환 시스템으로부터의 제1 통지 신호에 응답하여, 상기 셧다운 준비 모드를 실행하는 단계;상기 셧다운 준비 모드에서 상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류가 미리 정해진 전류 범위 내인지 여부를 판정하는 단계; 및상기 제1 배터리팩의 팩 전류 및 상기 제2 배터리팩의 팩 전류가 상기 전류 범위 내인 것으로 판정된 경우, 상기 제1 스위치 및 상기 제2 스위치를 턴 오프시키는 단계를 포함하는, 배터리 관리 방법.
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US16/649,100 US11205905B2 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-02-11 | Battery management apparatus, battery management method, and energy storage system including the battery management apparatus |
JP2020514182A JP7047210B2 (ja) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-02-11 | バッテリー管理装置、バッテリー管理方法及び該バッテリー管理装置を含むエネルギー貯蔵システム |
CN201980004689.6A CN111133654B (zh) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-02-11 | 电池管理装置、电池管理方法和包括该电池管理装置的能量存储系统 |
AU2019262442A AU2019262442B2 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-02-11 | Battery management apparatus, battery management method, and energy storage system including the battery management apparatus |
EP19796450.5A EP3691077B1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-02-11 | Battery management apparatus, battery management method, and energy storage system including the battery management apparatus |
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KR1020180051134A KR102338938B1 (ko) | 2018-05-03 | 2018-05-03 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 이를 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템 |
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EP (1) | EP3691077B1 (ko) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US11205905B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
AU2019262442A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
CN111133654A (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
JP7047210B2 (ja) | 2022-04-05 |
EP3691077B1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
EP3691077A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
CN111133654B (zh) | 2023-11-10 |
EP3691077A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
KR102338938B1 (ko) | 2021-12-10 |
KR20190127055A (ko) | 2019-11-13 |
JP2020533932A (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
AU2019262442B2 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
US20200227925A1 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
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