WO2019206130A1 - Procédé et appareil destiné à la surveillance de produit - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil destiné à la surveillance de produit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019206130A1
WO2019206130A1 PCT/CN2019/083857 CN2019083857W WO2019206130A1 WO 2019206130 A1 WO2019206130 A1 WO 2019206130A1 CN 2019083857 W CN2019083857 W CN 2019083857W WO 2019206130 A1 WO2019206130 A1 WO 2019206130A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
product
measurement
data
tag
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PCT/CN2019/083857
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English (en)
Inventor
Haoneng CHEN
Original Assignee
Chen Haoneng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810369283.5A external-priority patent/CN108682283A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810369292.4A external-priority patent/CN108896092B/zh
Application filed by Chen Haoneng filed Critical Chen Haoneng
Priority to CN201980027726.5A priority Critical patent/CN112020738B/zh
Publication of WO2019206130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019206130A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/083—Shipping
    • G06Q10/0832—Special goods or special handling procedures, e.g. handling of hazardous or fragile goods

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of measurement and recognition and in particular to a method of and apparatus for product monitoring, for example, but not exclusively, for monitoring the freshness of edible produce such as meat, fish, vegetables or fruit.
  • the physical state or condition of a product may vary with time and the environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, to which the product is exposed and these may affect the quality of the product.
  • the environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, to which the product is exposed and the time for which it is exposed to those conditions during transportation and or storage may depend upon the manner (e.g. by truck and/or airplane) and duration of transportation and/or storage. In the case of edible produce, these environmental conditions may cause the produce to lose freshness or even deteriorate or rot or otherwise become damaged and inedible.
  • the physical state or condition of a product may be detected by a human being (aperson) using one of their innate senses of human perception ( “body sense” ) .
  • innate senses of human perception include, for example, sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste and also the human being’sperception of the “degree of comfort” of the product’s environment, for example their sense of the temperature (i.e. that is whether the environment is too hot, too cold or just right) and/or the humidity (whether the environment is too wet, too dry or just right) , as appropriate to test the condition of the product.
  • a human being may visually inspect the product and, in the case of edible produce, perhaps also taste or smell the product and/or take account of their sense of the product storage conditions, for example the product storage temperature and humidity.
  • a label or tag may indicate the item’s name, weight, volume, use and other information such as a “sell by” or “use by” date.
  • the label or tag may also carry information useful for stock keeping and the like, such as one or more keywords and/or one or more codes such as a barcode or a two-dimensional (QR) code.
  • “sell by” and “use by” date tend to err on the side of safety to the extent that over- reliance on “sell by” or “use by” dates may result in perfectly edible produce being thrown away and so wasted.
  • a person may seek the assistance of a human-readable sensor, such as, for example, a liquid scale thermometer to aid their interpretation of the condition of the product.
  • a human-readable sensor such as, for example, a liquid scale thermometer
  • the accuracy of such human-readable sensors may depend upon the accuracy with which they are read by the person concerned.
  • Automated sensors such as temperature probes, are available that can communicate data (continuously, at intervals or on demand) to a measurement system which may analyse received sensor data and provide analysis results to the user and also store the results and share them more widely for example over a computer network such as the Internet, but these are not necessarily easy to access or convenient to use.
  • Embodiments provide methods and apparatuses for product monitoring, for example for monitoring the freshness of edible produce (such as meat, fish, vegetables, fruit or the like) .
  • Embodiments provide labels or tags that can be associated with the product or its packaging and that, in addition to being a product information carrier, carry information that facilitates product monitoring, for example information about the product’s current or past environment, that can be sensed or read by an electronic device, such as a mobilephone, to which an application ( “app” ) that enables product monitoring may have been downloaded and/or which may have access to a remote server that facilitates product monitoring.
  • an electronic device such as a mobilephone
  • Embodiments may more easily, conveniently and effectively measure a state of an object (product) and/or a state of the object’s environment.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag or label carrying a color-changing indicator comprising a color-changing material sensitive to each factor or parameter to be measured or monitored such that color of an indicator represents a value (or range of values) for that parameter so that a change in the color of a particular indicator represents a change in the value (or range of values) of that parameter.
  • environmental factors or parameters include temperature, humidity, concentration of a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, and so on, and changes of these with time.
  • the color-changing material may, for example, be one or more of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a specific substance-sensitive color-changing material, a timing color-changing material or a force-sensitive color-changing material.
  • the measurement tag may include at least parameter indicator (one detection and recognition zone) containing the color-changing material and arranged at a pre-set position on the tag.
  • the measurement tag may include a positive-direction indicator for indicating the direction in which successive color patches of the measurement tag are to be read (to indicate change with time of a parameter, for example) .
  • the measurement tag may include a product indicator (information recognition zone) which may be in the form of a code such as a bar code or QR code carrying product data and/or a character identifier for company profile or product information.
  • a color-changing zone may be disposed around the periphery the information recognition zone, for example around the two-dimensional code.
  • a positive-direction indicator (reading direction indicator) maybe provided by or on the information recognition zone, instead of or in addition to the positive-direction indicator zone.
  • a positive-direction indicator may be provided by a shape of the tag.
  • the measurement tag may include one or more blank reserved regions for future use.
  • the measurement tag may carry image adjustment markings, for example orientation or direction indicators, to enable the image to be adjusted to compensate for, for example: the distance from which the image was taken; the magnification at which the image was taken; and the angle or angles at which the image was taken, that is to compensate for the camera image plane and the surface of the tag not being parallel to one another.
  • image adjustment markings for example orientation or direction indicators, to enable the image to be adjusted to compensate for, for example: the distance from which the image was taken; the magnification at which the image was taken; and the angle or angles at which the image was taken, that is to compensate for the camera image plane and the surface of the tag not being parallel to one another. This may enable read image data to be processed or manipulated so that the adjusted image is appropriately sized and oriented.
  • the measurement tag may carry a color reference to enable the colors read by the reading device to be adjusted to compensate for different light levels and different color sensitivities of different reading devices.
  • the color reference may be red, green and blue reference marks each having a color intended to represent a respective one of red, green and blue in the RGB standard color space model , or reference marks in another standard color model may be used, such as the CMYK (cyan yellow, magenta, black) or the HSV (hue, saturation, value) standard color space model.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag providing an environment parameter indicator plus product data to a traditional tag application, so that the range of application of the tag is extended, thereby implementing low-cost and highly-efficient methods for data bearing and for data measurement and acquisition.
  • the measurement tag may be read by taking an image of the measurement tag using a reading device, for example using the digital camera of a mobile phone (cell phone) .
  • the reading device may be configured by an application ( “app” ) to carry out image adjustment and/or color compensate or this may be carried out remotely by a server to which the reading device has access, for example over a network such as the Internet.
  • the reading device has or has access to a data base that, for each parameterindicator, relates the color (read from the tag image) of that parameter indicator to a value (or value range) forthe corresponding parameter.
  • the data base may contain a first data set (first scale) that represents theoretical data which may be supplied by a manufacturer of the color-changing material and relates different possible colors of the color changing material to different parameter values, thereby providing theoretical calibration data.
  • first data set first scale
  • the data base may contain a second data set (second scale) that represents experimental data obtained by subjecting an actual sample measurement tag to an environment that is the same or similar to that in which the product to be monitored will be present.
  • This experimental data may be obtained by taking readings of the value of the parameter using a separate sensor (e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity, and so on) overa period of time and, for each sensor reading, also taking an image of the measurement tag and storing the color of the parameter indicator with the associated sensor data value, thereby providing experimental calibration data. If experimental calibration data is calibrated to the reading device and the same reading device is be used for the actual measurement, color compensation of a read image may not be required.
  • a separate sensor e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity, and so on
  • the data base may contain a third data set (third scale) that includes human perception data accumulated for that product and associated with colors of the color-changing material, that is perception data uploaded by a person (a tester or even a customer) in the product supply chain to the reading device (and thence to the data base) when they take an image of the tag.
  • human perception data may for edible produce include comments such as “smelt fresh” , “looked ripe” , “looked/smelt over-ripe” , “wrinkled” , “dry” , “bruised” , “rotten” and so on.
  • the first and/or second and/or third data set may include color data (theoretical for the first data set and experimental for the second and third data set) representing changes in color of the actual product with time which may also be used in the product monitoring.
  • a measurement method may include a requirement (demand) determination step, a data set (scale) construction step, a data processing step and an actual measurement step. These steps need not necessarily be carried out one after another or by the same device or apparatus. For example, the actual measurement step may, and indeed generally will, be carried out separately from the other steps.
  • the requirement determination step may comprise: determining at least one measurement parameter representative of an object (product) to be measured and/or of the product’senvironment, where the parameter might be, for example, a temperature of the product or its environment, a humidity of the product’s environment, a gas concentration within the product’s environment.
  • the scale (data set) construction step may comprise one or more of:
  • the measurement step may comprise: acquiring a real-time image of the measurement tag: andperforming any required image adjustment and/or color correction on the image; and extracting corresponding color data for the sensitive color-changing material and comparing this against the data base to acquire a measurement result.
  • the measurement steps need not all be carried out by the same device, for example the reading device may only acquire the image.
  • the image adjustment and/or color correction maybe carried out by the reading device or remotely by a server which may or may not also carry out the database comparison. In some cases, even the data base may be located at the reading device.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure facilitate the acquiring of accurate product condition information.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure enable the effect on the condition of the product of environmental parameters to be determined such as the effects of temperature, humidity, concentration of a specific gas (oxygen or carbon dioxide, for example) .
  • a specific gas oxygen or carbon dioxide, for example
  • Fig. 1 shows a functional block diagram for illustrating a system for product monitoring
  • Figs. 2A, 2B and 2C show very schematic representations of parts of a data base for use in product monitoring
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart for illustrating a method of generating a measurement tag
  • Fig. 4A shows a flow chart for illustrating a method of acquiring experimental data for a measurement tag
  • Fig. 4B shows a flow chart for illustrating a method of acquiring human perception data for associating with measurement tag data in a database
  • Fig. 4C shows a flow chart for illustrating a method of making a measurement on a measurement tag to acquire condition data for product monitoring
  • Fig. 1X shows a high level a flow chart of a measurement method of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2X shows a schematic flow chart of a scale construction step of the method of Fig. 1X of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3X shows a schematic flow chart of an actual measurement step of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4X shows a schematic flow chart of Embodiment II of a measurement method of the present disclosure
  • Figs. 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D and 7 shows examples of measurement tags
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic flow chart of an actual measurement step using a measurement tag of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic flow chart showing a construction approach for a performance database of a first scale of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic flow chart showing a construction approach for a second scale of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 11 shows a first schematic flow chart showing a construction approach for a third scale of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 12 shows a second schematic flow chart showing the construction approach for the third scale of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 13 shows a schematic flow chart of a measurement system of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 14 shows an example of a measurement tag configured to be associated with edible produce such as cherries during transportation of that edible produce
  • Fig. 15 illustrates an exemplary method for monitoring the freshness of edible produce such as cherries.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram for illustrating a system for product monitoring.
  • the system comprises a reading device 700 for reading a measurement tag 100 associated with a product, for example carried by packaging or a container 1 of the product, and a server or other computing apparatus 800 configured to configured to store or access a data base 801 and to carry out data analysis.
  • the measurement tag 100 comprises a product indicator configured to provide data identifying the product and a parameter indicator having color-changing regions sensitive to parameters associated with the product so that the colors shown on the tag can provide information regarding the condition of the product to facilitate product monitoring, for example information about the product’s current or past environment.
  • the reading device 700 has an image sensor and is configured to capture or grab an image of the measurementtag, to carry out any required image orientation and size adjustment and color correction and to forward the read tag image data to the server 800.
  • the server 800 stores or has access to a data base 801 and is configured to compare read tag image data received from the reading device 700 with data in the data base 801 that corelates product condition with read color data and to provide to the reading device (or another device) data relating to the product’s condition, based on that correlation.
  • the reading device may be any suitable electronic device, preferably a portable device, having an image sensor and communications capability.
  • the reading device maybe a mobile phone (cell phone) or tablet.
  • the reading device 700 has a processor 701, a memory 702 to store programs and applications ( ‘apps” ) to be executed by the processor and to store data, for example data for use by or generated by processor 701, an image sensor such as a digital camera 704, an user interface which in this example comprises a display 705, and a network interface 703 for communicating with the server 800 via a network such as a LAN, WAN, internet or the Internet.
  • the memory may be any suitable form of computer program product, for example a tangible, non-transitory, storage medium, such as internal solid-state memory and/or removable storage such as a memory stick or USB drive.
  • the server 800 has a processor 802, a memory 804 to store programs and applications ( ‘apps” ) to be executed by the processor 802 and to store data (for example data for use by or generated by processor 802) , and a network interface 803 for communicating with the reading device 700 via a network such as a LAN, WAN, internet or the Internet. As another possibility there may be a direct coupling between the server 800 and the reading device.
  • the memory may be any suitable form of computer program product, for example a non-transitory storage medium, such as internal solid-state memory and/or removable storage such as a memory stick or USB drive.
  • the measurement tag 100 is carried by a tag carrier 1 which may be a part of the product or its packaging or a part of the environment within which the product is placed, such as a wall of a shipping container.
  • the measurement tag comprises a product indicator 300 configured to provide data identifying the product and a parameter indicator 200 having color-changing regions 201 sensitive to parameters associated with the product.
  • Each color-changing region 201of the parameter indicator 200 comprises a color-changing material sensitive to a factor or parameter to be measured or monitored such that the color of an indicator represents a value (or range of values) for that parameter and a change in the color of a particular indicator represents a change in the value (or range of values) of that parameter.
  • the parameter to be measured will depend upon the product. Examples of environmental factors or parameters include temperature, humidity, concentration of a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, and so on, and changes of these with time.
  • the color-changing material may, for example, be one or more of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a specific substance-sensitive color-changing material, a timing color-changing material or a force-sensitive color-changing material.
  • the color changing regions may comprise color-changing material that changes color reversibly or irreversibly. Where the color changing regions change color irreversibly then a strip or row of color changing regions that change color at different values of a parameter may be provided to indicate how the parameter changes with time.
  • the product indicator 300 of the measurement tag may be in the form of a code such as a bar code or QR code carrying product data and/or a character identifier for company profile or product information.
  • the measurement tag may carry an image adjustment indicator 21to enable the image to be adjusted to compensate for, for example: the distance from which the image was taken; the magnification at which the image was taken; and the angle or angles at which the image was taken, that is to compensate for the camera image plane and the surface of the tag not being parallel to one another.
  • This may enable read image data to be processed or manipulated so that the adjusted image is appropriately sized and oriented.
  • the measurement tag may carry a color reference 500 to enable the colors read by the reading device to be adjusted to compensate for different light levels and different color sensitivities of different reading devices.
  • the color reference may be red, green and blue reference marks each having a color intended to represent a respective one of red, green and blue in the RGB standard color space model.
  • Color reference marks in another standard color model may be used (such as the CMYK (cyan yellow, magenta, black) standard color space model or the HSV (hue, saturation, value) standard color space model.
  • the measurement tag may include a positive-direction indicator 400 for indicating the direction in which the data carried by the measurement tag (e.g. successive color patches or regions) of the measurement tag are to be read (to indicate change with time of a parameter, for example) .
  • a positive-direction indicator may be provided by or on the product indicator 300.
  • a positive-direction indicator may alternatively or additionally be provided by the tag having a non-symmetric shape.
  • the measurement tag may include one or more blank reserved regions 600, 601 for future use to enable the capabilities of the measurement tag to be expanded, for example by adding more reference regions 600 or by adding more color changing regions 601.
  • the product indicator 300, parameter indicator 200, color reference indicator 500, positive-direction indicator 400 and image adjustment indicator ( “fiducial markings” ) 21 may be provided at any suitable positions on the measurement tag provided that the respective locations can be identified by the reading device and/or the server from the type of the measurement tag.
  • the product indicator may contain information about the respective positions of the indicators, other data on the tag may identify the locations of the respective indicators or the positions may be pre-set for a specific measurement tag or tag type (identified by data carried by the tag) and stored in the data base 801.
  • the product indicator 300 comprises an information recognition zone which may be in the form of a code such as a bar code or QR code carrying product data and/or a character identifier for company profile or product information.
  • This information recognition zone is located in the middle of the tag 1 and is surrounded by a color-changing zone containing the color changing regions 201 of the parameter indicator 200.
  • the tag has a border or frame which contains the reference data.
  • each corner of the frame comprises an image adjustment indicator, in this example in the form of black regions 21.
  • the frame also contains the color reference indicator 500 in the form of R, G and B standard color regions and a positive-direction indicator 400 in the form of a group of black regions which approximate an arrow which should be at the lower edge of the tag when the tag is correctly oriented.
  • the regions 21, 201, 400, 500, 600 and 601 are square or rectangular but they could be of any suitable shape, for example circular or elliptical or a combination. Where different shapes are used, the shapes may themselves provide identifying information.
  • the data base 801 contains an experimental data set that enables product parameters to be identified by reading a measurement tag, that is experimental data that relates color change to parameter value or parameter value range.
  • This experimental data may be obtained by taking readings of the value of the parameter using a separatesensor (e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity and so on) overa period of time and, for each sensor reading, also taking an image of the measurement tag and storing the color of the indicator with the associated sensor data value, thereby providing experimental calibration data. If experimental calibration data is calibrated to the reading device and the same reading device is be used for the actual measurement, color compensation of a read image may not be required.
  • a separatesensor e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity and so on
  • the data base 801 may also contain (or the server provide access to) a theoretical data set comprising manufacturers’ or supplier’s lists of color changing materials associated with the parameter and parameter value range for which, theoretically, the color changing material is applicable and the parameter value at which, theoretically, color change occurs.
  • This theoretical data set may also indicate whether the color change is reversible or non-reversible and whether the color changing material is suitable for use on or near edible produce, for example.
  • the data base 801 may also contain a human perception data set comprising data supplied by testers or users of the system when they take images of a measurement tag, for example a user may enter into the reading device their perception of the product.
  • human perception data may, for edible produce, include comments such as “smelt fresh” , “looked ripe” , “looked/smelt over-ripe” , “wrinkled” , “dry” , “bruised” , “rotten” and so on.
  • the data in the data base may be saved in any appropriate organisational structure.
  • the data in the data base may be linked or related by, for example, a product code, that is the product code carried by the product indicator 300.
  • the data base contains three data sets:
  • FIG. 2A A first, theoretical, data set (first scale) shown by Fig. 2A that represents the theoretical data which may be supplied by a manufacturer or supplier of the color-changing material and which relates different possible colors of the color changing material to different parameter values, thereby providing theoretical calibration data.
  • FIG. 2B A second, experimental, data set (second scale) shown by Fig. 2B that represents the experimental data obtained by subjecting an actual sample measurement tag or tags to an environment that is the same or similar to that in which the product to be monitored will be present.
  • a third, human perception, data set (third scale) that includes human perception data accumulated for that product, that is perception data uploaded by a person (a tester or even a customer) in the product supply chain into the reading device (and thence to the data base) when they take an image of the tag.
  • the theoretical data set may identify the color changing material, the parameter to which it sensitive, the parameter value/range for which the material is suitable and the parameter value at which it changes color, the R, G, B values in the standard RGB color model of the color of the material before and after it changes, uses (for example products with which the color changing material is compatible or can be used) , and notes on specific features such as whether or not the change is reversible.
  • the experimental data set may include the product code, the identity of the color changing material, the parameter to which it sensitive, for comparison purposes, the theoretical parameter value/range value/range at which the material changes color, the measured experimental parameter value/range at which the material changes color and the color (that is the R, G, B values in the standard RGB color model) of the material before and after it changed color during the measurements.
  • the human perception data set (third scale) may list the product code and the human perception data accumulated for that product associated with the identified colors (listed as C1, C2, C3) of each of the color-changing materials on the tag associated with that perception data.
  • the color (which indicate the values of the corresponding parameters) determined from the image of the tag associated with the human perception data may be stored as a combined set of colors indicating the condition of the product and may be associated with the corresponding human perception data.
  • the time and date at which the human perception data is entered maybe stored in a notes field and a link may be provided to actual images of the product uploaded from the reading device.
  • This data base may be a living data base so that a picture develops of the best conditions under which to store and transport the product concerned.
  • the first and/or second and/or third data set may include color data (theoretical for the first data set and experimental for the second and third data sets) representing changes in color of the actual product with time.
  • color data theoretical for the first data set and experimental for the second and third data sets representing changes in color of the actual product with time.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a method of generating a measurement tag.
  • the person wishing to generate the measurement tag first of all identifies via the user interface of the reading device (or another computing device which is or has access to the server 800) that they wish to generate a measurement tag for a particular product. If the user already has a product code they may enter this via the user interface or they may request the computing device to access or generate this product code. Thus at S1, the server or other computing device accesses or generates the product code, which may as discussed above contain product and producer data and may be a bar code or a QR code.
  • the computing device receives from the user interface the parameter to be measured (e.g. temperature, humidity, etc. ) and the parameter value or values to be identified. The computing device then prompts the user to identify any more parameters to be measured and S2 to S4 are repeated until the answer is no.
  • the parameter to be measured e.g. temperature, humidity, etc.
  • the computing device forwards the product code with the required parameter data to the server which at S8 accesses the data base 801 to identify possible suitable color changing materials from the theoretical data set (first scale) or, if there is already existing experimental data set (second scale) for that product code, from either or both of the theoretical data set (first scale) and the experimental data set (second scale) .
  • the computing device receives the color-changing materials data at S6.
  • the computing device uses a tag layout template identifying the locations for the various indicators and, in response to user input, identifies the color changing materials to be used for the various parameters and positions them on the tag.
  • the tag layout template may specify particular different locations for the color indicators for different parameters so that the server or other computing device analysing an image of the tag can determine which color-changing regions are related to which parameter or the tag may include a code (for example associated with or part of the product indicator code) that identifies the location of each specific different parameter color-changing region oriented with respect to the positive direction indicator.
  • a layout code on the tag or a standard layout may determine that: temperature sensitive color changing regions are in the left part of the parameter indicator with the positive direction indicator at the lower edge or bottom of the tag as shown in Fig. 1; that the humidity sensitive color changing regions are on the right of the parameter indicator with the positive direction indicator at the lower edge or bottomof the tag as shown in Fig.
  • the color-changing regions comprise a strip of regions that provide an indication of the change in a parameter with time
  • that strip should be read in a clockwise direction with the positive direction indicator at the lower edge or bottomof the tag as shown in Fig. 1.
  • Other layouts and reading directions are of course possible, all that is required is that the tag itself identifies these or that a standard layout is used or that the tag product code is associated in the data base with a specified layout, so that the reading device and server know what regions of the tag represent what.
  • Fig. 4A shows an example of a method of generating or adding to the measurement data set (second scale) .
  • the person wishing to generate or add to the measurement data set first of all takes a digital image of the tag using the digital camera 704.
  • the reading device acquires this image.
  • the reading device identifies the image adjustment indicators 21 in the tag image using the expected layout for the tag, which layout may be identified by data in the tag or may be standard or specific to the product code.
  • the reading device may query the server if it does not have the layout information or may ask the server to carry out the image adjustment and return an adjusted image.
  • the reading device identifies the image adjustment markers 21, manipulates the orientation and size of the image until the corner image adjustment markers 21 define the corners of a square or rectangle of a pre-defined size and then saves the adjusted image.
  • the pre-defined size may set in the tag product indicator or provided by the server or specific to the product code or indeed standard across measurement tags.
  • the reading device identifies the color reference indicator 500 in the tag image, compares the read values for red, green and blue with the standard red, green and blue values of the RGB color model to define a mapping for color correction, then adjusts the read or sensed R, G, B values for each pixel of the color-changing regions to correct for light levels and different camera color sensitivities and then saves the color adjusted image as a corrected image.
  • the colors of the tag image are thus adjusted to a standard reference and so can be compared with the color data in the data base device.
  • Steps S12 and S13 may be carried out using commercial image manipulation and color correction software such as PhotoShop (Registered Trade Mark) and may be carried out by the reading device or the server.
  • the user interface prompts the user to input sensor data obtained by using measuring instruments for the parameters to be monitored, such as temperature sensors or probes and humidity sensors or probes.
  • the reading device receives a sensor value and associates it with the color-changing region for that parameter.
  • the user is prompted to enter any more sensor data and when the answer at S15 is no the reading device forwards the corrected image with the received sensor data to the server.
  • the server identifies the product code from the corrected tag image, accesses in the data base the measurement data set for that product code and, for each parameter, identifies (by comparing R, G, B values of the sensed color-changing region and the theoretical R, G, B values) the relevant color-change and then updates or populates the measured parameter value/range corresponding to that parameter and color change.
  • the acquisition of measurement data may be carried out at various stages in a product’s lifetime, for example at various stages from production through delivery to storage to sale. Measurement data from multiple tags may be acquired and analysed using conventional statistical analysis techniques which should provide more accurate measurement data set.
  • Fig. 4B shows an example of a method of generating or adding to the perception data set (third scale) .
  • the person wishing to generate or add to the perception data set first of all takes a digital image of the tag using the digital camera 704.
  • the reading device acquires this image and the image is adjusted and corrected at S22 and S23 as discussed above with reference to S12 and S13 of Fig. 4A.
  • the user interface of the reading device prompts the user to input human perception data regarding their perception or feelings about the product.
  • the reading device receives human perception data and associates it with the tag image data.
  • the user is prompted to enter any more human perception data.
  • the reading device forwards the corrected image with the received human perception data to the server.
  • the server identifies the product code from the corrected tag image, accesses in the data base the perception data set for that product code, identifies the corrected R, G, B values of the colors of the parameters being measured (parameters C1, C2 and C3 in Fig.
  • the server searches the perception data base for that specific combination of colors and parameters and, if it is present, adds the perception data to the perception data set (third scale) for that combination of colors. If that combination is not present, the server populates a new row of the perception data base with the corrected image colors (R, G, B values) for each of the parameters C1, C2, C3 in the example of Fig. 2C so that the data base stores human perception data for specific combinations ofparameter values (as determined by the colors of their respective color-changing regions) .
  • perception data may be carried out at various stages in a product’s lifetime, for example at various stages from production through delivery to storage to sale.
  • Perception data from multiple tags may be acquired and analysed using conventional statistical analysis techniques which may provide a more accurate perception data set.
  • Fig. 4C shows an example of a method of acquiring information about a product’s condition by reading a measurement tag for which the database has already been populated.
  • the person wishing to acquire information about a product’s condition first of all takes a digital image of the tag using the digital camera 704.
  • the reading device acquires this image and the image is adjusted and corrected at S31 and S32 as discussed above with reference to S12 and S13 of Fig. 4A.
  • the reading device forwards the corrected tag image to the server.
  • the server identifies the product code from the corrected tag image and accesses in the data base the relevant data sets, usually at least one of the measurement data set (second scale) and the perception data set (third scale) .
  • the server knows the layout of the tag from the tag itself or the product code or because the tag has a standard layout and so knows which color changing regions represent which parameters.
  • the server identifies the corrected color (as a combination of R, G, B values) in the tag image and searches the measurement data set associated with the product code for a match to that specific color (specific combination of R, G and B values) to identify the parameter value represented by that specific color. The server thus obtains a parameter value for each measured parameter.
  • the server may also search the perception data set (third scale) associated with that product code for that combination of colors to retrieve relevant human perception data.
  • the server then returns the parameter values and any associated human perception data to the reading device (or another computing device) which outputs the received data to the user via the user interface.
  • the user interface may as shown in Fig. 1 be a display but may also have the facility to provide an audio output.
  • Fig. 5 illustratesan example of a measurement tag 100 with the different greys of the grey-scale image representing different colors.
  • the tag has at its surface a product indicator 300 and a parameter indicator 200.
  • the product indicator 300 is a QR code.
  • the QR code may incorporate or have provided thereon an orientation arrow which serves the function of the orientation indicator 400 of Fig. 1.
  • the parameter indicator 300 comprises a number of different color-changing regions which may respond to (that is are sensitive to) different environmental parameters and/or may respond at different times.
  • differently sensitive regions maybe of different shapes, for example squares or circles as shown.
  • some of the color-changing regions may also function as image adjustment indicators akin to the image adjustment indicators 21 of Fig. 1.
  • the product indicator and/or the database may store data indicating what the position of these color-changing regions on the tag should be, what the distance between these color-changing regions should be and what their size should be to enable the reading device and/or server to de-skew the tag image and to adjust its size as in S12 and S13 of Fig. 4A.
  • Fig. 6A shows another example of a measurement tag Fig. 6 (a) .
  • This measurement tag has a parameter indicator surrounded by a frame which, like the frame shown in Fig. 1, has a color reference region (three red, green and blue squares shown in grey scale representation) , although in this case there are four such color reference region one on each side of the frame.
  • the frame also has an image adjustment indicator, generally in the form of back squares at the corners of the frame and a positive-direction indicator provided, as in Fig. 1, by four black squares.
  • Fig. 6 shows another example of a measurement tag Fig. 6 (a) .
  • This measurement tag has a parameter indicator surrounded by a frame which, like the frame shown in Fig. 1, has a color reference region (three red, green and blue squares shown in grey scale representation) , although in this case there are four such color reference region one on each side of the frame.
  • the frame also has an image adjustment indicator, generally in the form of back squares at the corners of the
  • the color changing regions of the parameter indicator are disposed in a middle region of the measurement tag, for example as a plurality of square regions or blocks A, in this example surrounding a blank diamond-shaped region B for subsequent extension of the functionality of the tag, such as for other sensitive color-changing materials, information or the like.
  • the product data in this case may be encoded in the pattern formed by the color-changing regions or may be a bar code or other code (not shown) outside the frame.
  • Fig. 6B shows a measurement tag in which the frame or border of Fig. 6A has been added to the tag of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 6C shows a measurement tag in which a positive-direction indicator 400is disposed at a corner (such as an upper left corner in Fig. 6C) and is in the form of an L shape with angled ends and with a thick line border.
  • a product indicator 300 in the form of a QR code (which may carry another positive-direction indicator) is disposed in another corner (the opposite corner in this example) and the color-changing regions of the parameter indicator 200 are disposed in an L shape between the product indicator 300 and the positive direction indicator 400 with space for blank regions shown as white squares 600 for the subsequent expansion of the tag’s functionality .
  • Fig. 6D shows a measurement tag similar to that shown in Fig. 6A.
  • Fig. 7 shows a measurement tag similar to that shown in Fig. 6A but without the reference frame and with the shape of the tag being asymmetric (in the example shown one edge having a triangular or arrow shape) to indicate the positive direction.
  • some of the color-changing regions may also function as image adjustment indicators akin to the image adjustment indicators 21 of Fig. 1.
  • the product indicator and/or the database may store data indicating what the position of these color-changing regions on the tag should be, what the distance between these color-changing regions should be and what their size should be to enable the reading device and/or server to de-skew the tag image and to adjust its size as in S12 and S13 of Fig. 4A.
  • a standard model such as the RGB standard color model
  • Each color-changing region of the parameter indicator thus comprises a color-changing material sensitive to a factor or parameter to be measured or monitored such that color represents a value (or range of values) for that parameter and a change in the color represents a change in the value (or range of values) of that parameter.
  • the parameters to be measured will depend upon the product.
  • Examples of environmental factors or parameters to which a color-changing material may be sensitive include temperature, humidity, concentration of a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, presence of a specific substance, pressure, applied force, and so on and changes of these with time, and time itself.
  • the color-changing material may change color reversibly or irreversibly.
  • a strip or row of color changing regions that change color at different values of a parameter may be provided to indicate how the parameter changes with time.
  • the product indicator may be in the form of a code such as a bar code or QR code carrying product data and/or a character identifier for company profile or product information.
  • the measurement tag may carry a color reference to enable the colors read by the reading device to be adjusted to compensate for different light levels and different color sensitivities of different reading devices.
  • the color reference may be red, green and blue reference marks each having a color intended to represent a respective one of red, green and blue in the RGB standard color space model.
  • Reference marks in another standard color model may be used, such as the CMYK (cyan yellow, magenta, black) or the HSV (hue, saturation, value) standard color space model.
  • the measurement tag may include a positive-direction indicator for indicating the direction in which successive color patches of the measurement tag are to be read (to indicate change with time of a parameter, for example) .
  • a positive-direction indicator may be provided by or on the product indicator.
  • a positive-direction indicator may alternatively or additionally be provided by the tag having a non-symmetric shape or by an asymmetric pattern defined by the color changing regions.
  • the measurement tag may include one or more blank regions reserved for future use to enable the capabilities of the measurement tag to be expanded, for example by adding more reference regions or by adding more color changing regions.
  • the product indicator, parameter indicator, color reference indicator, positive-direction indicator and image adjustment indicator ( “fiducial markings” ) may be provided at any suitable positions on the measurement tag provided that the respective locations can be identified by the reading device and/or the server from the type of the measurement tag, for example the product indicator may contain information about the respective positions of the indicators, other data on the tag may identify the respective indicators, or the positions may be pre-set for a specific measurement tag or tag type (identified by data carried by the tag) and these stored in the data base.
  • the tag 100 may comprise a bonding (e.g. adhesive) layer, a substrate layer, and a protective layer.
  • the color-changing region 200 and the information region 300 may be borne by (disposed in or on) the substrate layer.
  • the bonding layer may be used to attach the tag to a product or to part of the product’senvironment, such as one or more of a food packaging bag, an outer surface of a packaging box, and an inner surface of a container.
  • the protective layer may be an airtight, transparent or semi- transparent film material which prevents, before use of the measurement tag, ingress of for example air and water vapor. The protective layer may be removed prior to useof the tag.
  • the color-changing material may be any suitable color-changing material. It could for example be analogous to a color change test paperor strip which has different regions which have different colors depending on a change in an environment condition, such as temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, time, presence of a chemical or physical contact (e.g. skin moisture) or the like.
  • Materials which may provide a time elapsedindicator include materials which change color as they oxidize over time and a measurement tag may incorporate a “timing test region” formed of such a material where the period of time of the oxidation process determines the depth of the color change, so that a process duration time (for example a transportation time) can be evaluated using the oxidation process of the material.
  • Other examples are materials or compositions which change color as a result of a chemical and or biological reaction of two substances, such as detection test papers usually involved detection of carbon dioxide, mold, aldehydes, alcohols, and even gas generated from cold chain, engine exhaust gas or the like.
  • Further examples are multi-layered material structures where a toplayer changesstate (for example becomes opaque to obscure the color of a lower layer or becomes transparent to expose the color of a lower layer or melts into the lower layer causing a color change) , an example being the multi-layered material structure used in a fluorescent test paper for use under high-temperature and dark conditions where the lower or bottom layer is a fluorescent material and the top or surface layer is a reversible temperature-sensitive color-changing material (changing from transparent to colored) .
  • a multiple layerstructure formed of layers of materials with different melting points and different colors, so that, at different temperatures, different layers melt to present different colors.
  • a high polymer material may be used where, for example, the surface of the high polymer material is coated with a substance whose optical properties change with an environmental condition to produce a color change.
  • Fig. 13 shows an example of a measurement system which includes a detection apparatus which is used for selecting a corresponding sensitive color-changing material 12 according to pre-measured data and for forming a measurement tag 13comprising at least one sensitive color-changing material 12 according to a measurement requirement.
  • the detection apparatus comprises a reading device such as a mobile phone having a camera21 andat least one processor23 with a memory 22 configured to store a computer program, where execution of the computer program enables reading of a measurement tag.
  • the memory or other storage device store the first scale, the second scale, the third scale and the analysis algorithm of the measurement method.
  • Other reading devices may be used, for example a tablet or a dedicated image acquisition instrument.
  • the reading device may be configured to couple to a network to enable data acquisition and upload, for example to cloud storage.
  • a network for example to cloud storage.
  • at least some of the functionality of thereading device such as data storage and software may be cloud-based 22, thereby implementing optimization of the image acquisition (reading) device, reducing the cost thereof, and facilitating large-scale production.
  • cherries can be transported to shops and customers by various ways.
  • the choice of transport depends on various constraints, such as cost, the distance to be travelled and the product.
  • Air freight is used to transport food with a limited shelf-life between continents.
  • Road and rail transportation are preferred at a national or continental level, with the train being mostly used in countries where vast distances have to be covered.
  • Sea freight is less expensive and plays a major role, with specialized vessels such as refrigerated cargo containers, trucks and container ships so as to provide a controlled temperature supply chain ( “cold chain” ) .
  • Whichever mode of transport is chosen, edible produce still has a complicated journey, which becomes longer as food passes through the various production, packaging and distribution centers, adding extra food miles. Consumers at the end of the chain are likely to use their cars when they go food shopping. At the end of the day, food may have travelled thousands of miles before reaching our plates; miles which have an environmental cost.
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic view of an example of a measurement tag to be associated with transporting of cherries, for example to be attached to a container carrying the cherries.
  • This measurement tag has a frame similar to that of Fig. 6 D but has its color-changing regions around a product indicator in the form of a QR code which may indicate significant detail such as not only the type cherry but also the date and time that batch was picked and the intended actual transportation route and possibly the expected time taken to reach the destination.
  • the measurement tag shown in Fig. 14 is provided with six types of color-changing materials.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 1-X” areof reversible color-changing temperature sensing material to show the temperature when the tag is scanned.
  • reversible color-changing temperature sensing materials arethermochromic materials which provide a color change upon heating or cooling due to either an electron transfer or a change in the crystal structure.
  • thermochromic liquid crystals include cholesteric liquids (which reflect long wave lengths (red) at lower temperatures and short wavelengths (blue) at higher temperatures) .
  • cholesteric liquids include cholesteryl nananoate and cholesteryl ester.
  • the area labelled as “Color 1-1” changes from red to blue when temperature is higher than 5°C (as threshold temperature) and changes back from blue to red when temperature is lower than 5°C.
  • the threshold temperaturesat which color change occurs for regions “Color 1-2” , “Color 1-3” and “Color 1-4” are 10°C, 21°C and 31 °C, respectively.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 2-X” are of irreversible color-changing temperature sensing materials and enable a permanent indicator of the highest temperature the cherries are stored at.
  • the irreversible color-changing temperature sensing material may have a two-layer film structure where the lower layer is a photonic crystal and the upper layer is a material, for example a paraffin-based material, which melts from solid into liquidat a certain melting point. When the temperature is lower than the melting point of the upper material, the photonic crystal shows a specific color. However, when the temperature exceeds the melting point, the upper materialliquefiesinto the gapsin the photonic crystal and the color of the photonic crystal changes irreversibly.
  • the irreversible temperature sensing material can record the highest temperature but cannot record the time at which this occurred.
  • the area labelled as “Color 2-1” has anupper layer made ofPositive fourteen carbon paraffin (the melting point of Positive fourteen carbon paraffin is 5.5°C) and a lower layer made of photonic crystalwhich changes color from blue to green whenparaffin liquid gets into gaps of the lower layer.
  • the threshold temperatures of “Color 2-2” , “Color 2-3” and “Color 2-4” are 10°C, 36.6°C and 40°C, respectively.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 3” are made of reversible humidity sensing materials such as transition metal complexes, for example, CoCl 2 .
  • “Color 3” changes color from orange to blue when the humidity is higher than 60%.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 4” are made of reversible water sensing materialswhich become transparent when in contact with water.
  • reversible water sensing materials may include hydrochromic materials, such as Hydrochromic white C-1224 and SFXC Hydrochromic Wet and Reveal Ink, hydrochromic polydiacetylene composite.
  • hydrochromic materials such as Hydrochromic white C-1224 and SFXC Hydrochromic Wet and Reveal Ink, hydrochromic polydiacetylene composite.
  • a red-colorlayer is attached under the water sensing layer. Once in contact withwater, “Color 4” changes from white to red when the ink layer becomes transparent.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 5” are made of a CO 2 sensing materials comprising aPH indicator (e.g. M-cresol purple) , alkaline substance, polymer, plasticizer, white pigment, solventthat (seeCN 104974380 A) .
  • aPH indicator e.g. M-cresol purple
  • alkaline substance e.g. polymer, plasticizer, white pigment, solventthat (seeCN 104974380 A)
  • This material changes color from blue to aqua at 2%CO 2 , changes to light yellow at 5%CO 2 and changes to yellow at more than 10%CO 2.
  • the areas labelled as “Color 6” are PH indicators to sensegases given off by rotten food, e.g. hydrogen sulphide.
  • Indicators such as phenolphthalein, methyl red, and bromothymol blue may be used to indicate pH ranges of about 8 to 10, 4.5 to 6, and 6 to 7.5 accordingly. In these ranges, phenolphthalein goes from colorless to pink, methyl red goes from red to yellow, and bromothymol blue goes from yellow to blue.
  • the theoretical (supplier’s ) data for each of these color sensitive materials is acquired and stored in the theoretical data set (first scale) as discussed above with respect to Fig. 3.
  • This data associates, for the parameter, each color sensitive material with each parameter value (or values) at which it changes color and stores the R, G and B standard color model values (and /or an image) of the color) in association with the parameter value at which the change to that color occurs or the parameter value range in which the material has that color.
  • the stored data also indicates whether the change is irreversible or reversible.
  • this theoretical data set can provide a real-time (current) temperature, the maximum temperature, a real-time (current) humidity, a wet or dry indication, a CO 2 concentration level and a PH value.
  • the experimental data for each of these color sensitive materials is acquired and stored in the experimental data set (second scale) as discussed above with respect to Fig. 4A by taking images of one or more sample tags during one or more instances of transportation of the cherries and using sensors in the cherries’ environment to acquire data for each image acquisition.
  • These sensors may measure illumination (light level) , air quality, humidity and temperature in the actual packaging and in the cargo container so that the color data acquired from the tag imagecan be calibrated against actual sensor data at various stages during the transportation. This should enable more accurate parameter value detection as the readings are taken under actual conditions and calibrated against sensor data measured at that time. It should be possible to automate this process.
  • An example of experimental data for a transportation roue 2 is given below:
  • the human perception data set may be generated at the same time as discussed above with reference to Fig. 4B.
  • the human perception data may be provided at the same time as the measurement data set by human testers along the transportation path of the cherries inspecting the cherries and their environment when images of the tag are taken and uploading with the tag image their perceptions of the cherries, for example: taste (sweet or sour) , smell (good, over-ripe, beginning to go off) , feel/texture (hard, soft etc. ) , etc.
  • the server may access all three data sets together with the product information stored by the product indicator and previous time stamped data acquired by earlier readings of the same tag plus possibly also data from the Internet, such as a transportation log for the delivery and GPS data.
  • the server may then output a result which combines these data, for example using the QR code to link data from different sources, so that the experimental data will enable the enquirer to be told, for example, that the cherries were delivered by refrigerated transport (based on the temperatures indicated by the temperature sensitive color changing regions of the tag) , whether the transportation conditions were right (based on stored data indicating the correct conditions for transporting cherries and the parameter data acquired from the tag) , where the cherries are from based on the QR code, and the freshness of the product based on a combination of the stored human perception data and the parameter data acquired by reading the tag.
  • Fig. 15 is an illustration of a method for monitoring the freshness of edible produce such as cherries.
  • cherries are picked from cherry trees by farmers at the production end 1501, e.g. at cherry farms. Then at the beginning of the transportation stage 1502, the cherries are packed into boxes 102 and a measurement tag 101 is attached to each box 102.
  • the boxes 102 are transported viaa route which may involve one or more ofair freight, road transportation, rail transportation, and sea freight as mentioned earlier.
  • the measurement tag may be monitored automatically by asurveillance camera 103, for example, installed in a refrigerator truck, and/or manually checked by staff such as driver of the refrigerator truck.
  • the surveillance camera 103 is connected to softwarewhich is configured to access server 105.
  • the server 105 stores in a databasea first scale relating theoretical color changes of each color-changing material to the corresponding measurement parameter (for example, temperature) , a second scale associating color data from tag image data and sensor data (for example measured by sensors installed in the truck) under various conditions, and a third scale associating color changes of the measurement tag with human perception ofthe cherries (for examplelook, feel or taste) in the various conditions.
  • a measurement parameter for example, temperature
  • second scale associating color data from tag image data and sensor data (for example measured by sensors installed in the truck) under various conditions
  • a third scale associating color changes of the measurement tag with human perception ofthe cherries (for examplelook, feel or taste) in the various conditions.
  • the software accesses the database and outputsthe condition of cherries (e.g. the cherries can only be kept fresh for only 5 days more) and/or of the condition inside the refrigerator truck (e.g. the temperature inside the refrigerator truck is too high and humidity is too low) .
  • the condition of cherries e.g. the cherries can only be kept fresh for only 5 days more
  • the condition inside the refrigerator truck e.g. the temperature inside the refrigerator truck is too high and humidity is too low
  • the box 102 reachesthe end of the supply chain, the customer end 1503.
  • a customer uses his mobile phone to take a photo of the measurement tag and uses a phone app to access server 105 outputs a result such as “Cherries in this box is ripe and fresh. Please eat them in four days. ” or “Cherries are not good for eating anymore! It was fresh when picked in the farm, but the temperature in the transportation truckwas too high. ” , dependent upon the reading of the measurement tag.
  • the present disclosure is applicable to the transportation and storage of other edible and non-edible products, such as, for example, medicines and drugs, medical products, electronic and electrical products and so on. Indeed the present disclosure is applicable to product that may be affected by its environment during transportation, storage and/or use.
  • the present invention relates to the field of measurement and recognition, and in particular to methods and apparatuses for product monitoring.
  • a physical state of an object can be detected by human perception or corresponding tools, or by detecting an environment where the object is located so as to reflect the object's own physical state.
  • human perception is inaccurate and cannot be used on a large scale.
  • measurements can be made with the aid of conventional passive metrology measurement tools or active measurement system tools.
  • a conventional measurement approach may be to place a liquid thermometer in the confined space and then acquire a temperature value by visually reading the temperature scale of the liquid thermometer.
  • this method is of low accuracy, is not susceptible toautomation and is not conducive to large-scale use.
  • more active measurement tools have emerged and temperature may be measured by placing in the confined space a temperature sensor probe that transmitssensor data to a calculation module of a measurement system which then provides a temperature value result.
  • the temperature value result may be stored in a computer system data form, which enables the temperature value result to be stored in a computer and, for example on the Internetmore conveniently than a temperature data read visually from a liquid thermometer.
  • a human can of course sense or perceive temperature (for example whether it feels hotor cold) .
  • a human’s perception of temperature is not very accurate, assuming it is safe to do so, a person may enter a confined space or environment and obtain an approximate temperature level based on their feeling or perception (physiological perception or “body sense” ) of the temperature within that confined space or environment and their personal experience.
  • an “estimated value” may be derived by human perception, possibly making use of that person’s past experience perceiving such environments, or the like.
  • the “degree of comfort” a person experiences when the temperature of the confined space is at a certain level may be taken as an “estimated value” and the “degree of comfort” may be defined as a “state” of the confined space or environment.
  • This “degree of comfort” is dependent upon the individual’s judgment and may be affected by issues other than the actual temperature, for example an ill person and a healthy person may well have different perceptions as to what constitutes a comfortable ambient temperature.
  • a simple temperature measurement is not sufficient to provide an “estimated value” of this “degree of comfort” .
  • Other data, such as human body related data, is also required together with analysis and calculation using specific algorithms.
  • the physical state of an object may vary with time.
  • Astate or characteristic of the object may change over time, dependent upon the manner in which it is stored or used and that change might affect the quality of the product, for example its freshness. If the product is stored or used for a period of time, different degrees of damage may be caused due to environmental factors, usage habits and the like, thereby affecting the quality of the product.
  • a product such as a mobile phone (cell phone) may be knocked or placed in random locationsduringuse, such that components inside the mobile phone may be liable to damage. It may, however, be difficult to judge whether the mobile phone needs to be replaced by simple visual inspection; and if the mobile phone is to be resold, it may be difficult to accurately evaluate the state mobile phone, and the mobile phone may be sold at a lower price due to errors in the judgment of the degree or wear and tear ( “aging” ) experienced by the phone, thereby resulting in unnecessary commercial loss.
  • aging degree or wear and tear
  • Edible produce such as meat, fish, vegetables or fruit
  • vehicles e.g. trucks and/or airplanes
  • Changes in environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity etc. during transportation may affect the quality of the edible produce and may even cause the produce to deteriorate or rot or otherwise become damaged and so become inedible.
  • shopkeepers and transporters it is necessary to genuinely and conveniently know the environmental conditions undergone by the edible produce during transportation.
  • Edible produce may have a tag or label (provided on the produce itself or on a produce container) that provides information regarding characteristics of the produce.
  • a label or tag may indicate the item’s name, weight, volume, use and other information.
  • the label or tag may be a printed tag and may or may not carry one or more keywords and/or one or more codes or suchas a barcode ora QR code.
  • Labels or tags are a type of information carrier.
  • the information carried maybe anything from a simple identification of the product ( “item identification” ) to the combination of that simple item identification with encoding (e.g. a barcode or a QR code) capable of bearing more complex information.
  • Such labels or tags are widely used in the trade, logistics and service industries in modern society.
  • Embodiments provide methods and apparatuses for product monitoring, for example for monitoring the freshness of edible produce (such as meat, fish, vegetables, fruitor the like) and labels or tags that, in addition to being an information carrier, carry information that facilitates product monitoring, for example information about the product’s current or past environment, that can be sensed or read by an electronic device such as a mobilephone to which an application ( “app” ) that enables product monitoring may have been downloaded.
  • Embodiments may provide easier, lower-cost and more information-based applications solutions in numerous application fields.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement method, a measurement system and a storage apparatus for the above-mentioned product monitoring, which can more easily, conveniently and effectively measure a state of an object (product) and/or a state of the object’s environment.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag or label carrying one or morecolor-changing materials each sensitive toa respective one of an environmental factor or parameter experienced by the product or its environment, for example a package or container within which the product is kept.
  • environmental factors or parameters includetemperature, humidity, concentration of a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide and so on.
  • the measurement tag or label may thus provide an indicator for each environmental parameter to be measured or monitored.
  • the actual color of an indicator represents a value (or rangeof values for that parameter) so that a change in the color of a particular indicator represents a change in the value (or range of values) of that parameter.
  • the measurement tag may be read by taking an image of the measurement tag using a reading device, for example using the camera of a mobile phone (cell phone) .
  • the reading device has access to a data base that, for each indicator, relates the read color of that indicator to a value (or value range) for the corresponding parameter.
  • the data base may contain a first data set (first scale) thatrepresents theoretical data which may be supplied by a manufacturer of the color changing material and relates different possible colors of the color changingmaterial differentparametervalues, thereby providing theoretical calibration data.
  • the data base may additionally or alternatively contain a second data set (second scale) that represents experimental data obtained by subjecting anactual sample measurement tag (possibly associated with a sample of the actual product) to an environment that is the same or similar to that in which the product to be monitored will be present.
  • This experimental data may be obtained by taking readings of the value of the parameter using a separatesensor (e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity and so on) overa period of time and, for each sensor reading, also taking an image of the measurement tag and storing the color of the indicator with the associated sensor data value, therebyproviding experimental calibration data.
  • Such experimental calibration data would also be calibrated for the reading device if the reading device used to acquire the experimental data is the same type as thereading deuce that will be used for the actual measurement.
  • the measurement tag may also carry referencecolor patches (for example red, green andblue patches) againstwhich the reading device or a computer accessed by the reading device may calibrate the color data obtained by the reading device against the stored first or second data set (scale) .
  • the measurement tag may also contain orientation or direction indicators to enable read image data to be processed or manipulated so that the image is appropriately sized and oriented.
  • the first and/or second data set may include color data (theoretical for the first data set and experimental for the second data set) representingchanges in color of the actual product with time which may also be usedin the product monitoring.
  • a measurement method may include a requirement (demand) determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step. These steps need not necessarily be carried out one after another or by the same apparatus.
  • the actual measurement step may, and indeed generally will, be carriedout separately from the other steps.
  • the requirement determination step may comprise: determining at least one measurement parameterrepresentative of an object (product) to be measured and/or of the product’senvironment, where the parameter might be, for example, a temperature of the product or its environment, a humidity of the product’s environment, a gas concentrationwithin the product’s environment.
  • the scale construction step may comprise: selecting a measurement tag or label associated with, for example carrying, arespective corresponding color-changing material sensitive to the parameter concerned, with the color-changing material and the measurement tag being arranged on the object and/or in the object’s environment; acquiring values of the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding database relating the color change to parameter value to form a first scale or first data set; acquiring various parameters and change data related to the measurement requirements from the measured object and/or the measurement environment therefor, and acquiring color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form a second scale; and acquiring actual degree of change data of the measured object in the measurement environment, and acquiring color change data corresponding to the measurement tag, so as to form a third scale.
  • the algorithm developing step may comprise developing a measurement result analysis algorithm according to the measurement demand and in conjunction with one or more of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale.
  • the measurement step may comprise acquiring a real-time image of the measurement tag, and, if necessary, performing standard restoration on the real-time image; and extracting corresponding color data of the sensitive color-changing material, substituting the corresponding color data into the result analysis algorithm to acquire a measurement result.
  • the measurement tag includes at least one detection and recognition zone arranged at a pre-set placement position and a positive-direction recognition zone for acquiring a positive direction of the measurement tag (i.e. where the positive direction indicating the direction in which successive color patches of the measurement tag are to be read to indicate change with time of a parameter, for example) , with the sensitive color-changing material being arranged in the corresponding detection and recognition zone.
  • a positive direction of the measurement tag i.e. where the positive direction indicating the direction in which successive color patches of the measurement tag are to be read to indicate change with time of a parameter, for example
  • the measurement tag includes at least one detection and recognition zone arranged in a pre-set placement position and an information recognition zone, with a first positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on the information recognition zone, or a second positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on a free position of the measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag includes a color reference zone
  • the steps of acquiring color parameters of the measurement tag include: grabbing an image of the color reference zone in the measurement tag, so as to acquire a reference measurement color of the color reference zone; comparing the reference measurement color with a pre-set standard color, so as to acquire an image attribute deviation value between the reference measurement color and the standard color (thereby addressing the issue discussed above that the read color data may vary depend upon the reading device color sensitivities) ; grabbing an image of the detection and recognition zones in the measurement tag, acquiring a recognition measurement color of each of the detection and recognition zones, and acquiring the actual color of each of the detection and recognition zones according to the image attribute deviation value.
  • a construction approach of the performance database of the first scale includes: according to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquiring standard color parameters which are revealed differently with changes of the standard performance parameters; and, according to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquiring intrinsic performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material; and in conjunction with the standard color parameters and the intrinsic performance parameters, constructing the performance database for the first scale.
  • a construction approach for the second scale includes: providing at least one measurement environment, each of the measurement environments including a plurality of environmental factors; or within a pre-set data range for a corresponding measurement environment, respectively adjusting single one or more of the environmental factors according to a pre-set rule, so as to acquire a corresponding variable measurement environment; in the measurement environment, acquiring first color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag; or in the variable measurement environment, acquiring second color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag; and constructing a data model which is based on the first color change process data and the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form the second scale; or constructing a data model which is based on the second color change process data and the corresponding variable measurement environment, so as to form the second scale.
  • a construction approach for the third scale includes: acquiring, according to the measurement environment, a first actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period, or acquiring, according to the variable measurement environment, a second actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period; where the actual degree of change includes image information or textual description information about the measured object, the textual description including a relevant description of the actual degree of change of the measured object; and constructing a data model which is based on the first color change data and the first actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale; or constructing a data model which is based on the second color change data and the second actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement method, including: providing corresponding sensitive color-changing materials according to pre-measured data, and integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material to form a measurement tag.
  • the measurement method includes a demand determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step, which are as follows: the demand determination step: determining measurement parameters of a measured object and/or a measurement environment therefor according to a measurement demand; the scale construction step: selecting a corresponding sensitive color-changing material and measurement tag according to the measurement parameters, where the sensitive color-changing material and the measurement tag are arranged on the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor while at least one of a first scale, a second scale and a third scale are constructed; acquiring standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding performance database and form a first scale; acquiring parameters and change data related to the measurement demand from the measured object and/or the measurement environment therefor, and acquiring color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a measurement system, including: a detection apparatus which is used for providing a corresponding sensitive color-changing material according to pre-measured data, and for integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material according to a measurement demand and forming a measurement tag, and which stores a computer program, where the computer program can be executed to implement the steps of the measurement method; and the detection apparatus includes a storage device for storing the first scale, the second scale, the third scale and the result analysis algorithm in the measurement method, and a measurement device for implementing the actual measurement steps in the detection method, and the measurement device is connected with the storage device to acquire relevant data in the storage device.
  • Embodiments of the present invention disclosure provide a storage apparatus, where the storage apparatus stores a computer program which when executed implements the steps of the measurement method.
  • the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are that compared with the prior art, by designing a measurement method, a measurement system and a storage apparatus and constructing corresponding scales according to sensitive color-changing materials, a measurement tag and a measured object, the present disclosure is used to reflect a theoretical value, a measured value and an evaluated value of a product state and obtain computer data, making it convenient for a computer to obtain, through accurate and intelligent analyses and calculations, a physical state or other relevant adoption numbers of an object or an environment, thereby quickly acquiring the actual numerical values or values, and achieving a high intelligence level; in addition, by grabbing an image of a color reference zone, the accuracy of the image judgment is further improved; meanwhile, a plurality of color intervals are provided, and after the color of the measurement tag is more carefully divided into color values, the color values correspond to the color intervals, so that it is ensured that the judgment is more accurate.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag, for addressing the problems of complexity and low efficiency of the existing ways of tag data acquisition, and further addressing the problem of single purpose.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag including a tag body, a color-changing region and an information region, wherein the color-changing region includes at least a color-changing zone which is made from a color-changing material for sensing a change in a given environment parameter, for example temperature, humidity, concentration of a specific gas (oxygen or carbon dioxide, for example) .
  • a specific gas oxygen or carbon dioxide, for example
  • the information region includes a two-dimensional code
  • the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body, with a forward direction of the two-dimensional code being taken as a positive direction.
  • the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body around the periphery of the two-dimensional code.
  • the measurement tag further includes a positive-direction recognition region, wherein the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body, with a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region being taken as a positive direction.
  • the positive-direction recognition region comprises at least a direction recognition structure, with a structural orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region, or a positional orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region.
  • the shape of the tag body is a recognizable forward shape
  • the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body, with a forward direction of the tag body being taken as a positive direction.
  • the information region includes a two-dimensional code layer, a barcode layer or a character identifier layer for recognizing a company profile or product information.
  • the measurement tag further includes a color reference region.
  • the measurement tag further includes a blank reserved region.
  • the color-changing material is one of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a specific substance-sensitive color-changing material, a timing color-changing material or a force-sensitive color-changing material.
  • Embodiments provide a measurement tag with a functional part capable of implementing an environment measurement to a traditional tag application, the range of application of an entity tag is further extended, and the environment measurement function and a data carrier are integrated into the tag, so that, in addition to the basic function of information recording, data for an environment where the tag is located can also be sensed, thereby implementing low-cost and highly-efficient methods for data bearing and for data measurement and acquisition.
  • Figs. 1X-3X show an embodiment of a measurement method.
  • the measurement method shown in Fig. 1X includes providinga tag or label for the product where the tag or label is, for example, carried by the product or its packaging or container and where that tag or label has at least one color-changing materialthat changes color with change in a parameter associated with the product being monitored, where a parameter may be, for example, a temperature of theproduct or the product’s environment, a humidity of the product’s environment, a gas concentration (O 2 or CO 2 for example) of the product’s environment.
  • the measurement method may include a requirements (demand) a demand determination step; a scale construction step S12 in in Fig. 1X; an algorithm developing step S13S12 in in Fig. 1X; andan actual measurement step S14S12 in in Fig. 1X.
  • the sensitive color-changing materials of the measurement tag may be calibrated by use of theoretical or experimental data as discussed above.
  • data base may be generated that contains a first data set (first scale) that represents theoretical data which may be supplied by a manufacturer of the color changing material and relates different possible colors of the color changing material different parameter values, thereby providing theoretical calibration data.
  • the data base may additionally or alternatively contain a second data set (second scale) that represents experimental data which may be generated by subjecting an actual sample measurement tag (possibly associated with a sample of the actual product) to an environment that is the same or similar to that in which the product to be monitored will be present.
  • This experimental data may be obtained by taking readings of the value of the parameter using a separate sensor (e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity and so on) over a period of time and, for each sensor reading, also taking an image of the measurement tag and storing the color of the indicator with the associated sensor data value, thereby providing experimental calibration data.
  • a separate sensor e.g.
  • the color-changing material may be any suitable color-changing material. It could for example be a color change test paper which has different regions which have different colors depending on environment changes, chemical changes and changes over time or physical contact, such as a temperature-sensitive material which changes according to the temperature, a humidity-sensitive material which changes according to the humidity, an oxygen detection material which changes according to oxygen concentration, or a related sensitive color-changing material which changes the color with time, or the like.
  • the color change of a color-changing material may be reversible or an irreversible, depending upon the color-changing material.
  • the color-changing material are materials which may provide a time elapsedindicator, for examplethere are many materials which change color as they oxidize over time and a measurement tag may incorporate a “timing test region” formed of a material whose surface is dis-colored by oxidization where the period of time of the oxidation process determines the depth of the color change, so that a process duration time (for example a transportation time) can be evaluated using the oxidation process of the material.
  • Other examples are materials or compositions which change color as a result of a chemical and or biological reaction of two substances, such asdetection test papers usually involved detection of carbon dioxide, mold, aldehydes, alcohols, and even gas generated from cold chain, engine exhaust gas or the like.
  • multi-layered material structures where a toplayer changesstate (for example becomes opaque to obscure the color of a lower layer or becomes transparent to expose the color of a lower layer or melts into the lower layer causing a color change)
  • a toplayer changesstate for example becomes opaque to obscure the color of a lower layer or becomes transparent to expose the color of a lower layer or melts into the lower layer causing a color change
  • the multi-layered material structure used in a fluorescent test paper for use under high-temperature and dark conditions where the lower or bottom layer is a fluorescent material and the top or surface layer is a reversible temperature-sensitive color-changing material (from transparent to colored) .
  • Another possibility is a multiple layer material formed of layers of different melting points and different colors are used, so thatat different temperatures, different layers melt to present different colors.
  • a high polymer structural test paper material structure may be used where, for example, the surface of a high polymer material is coated with a specific substance, and a change in the optical properties of the surface can also be made after the coating to produce a color change effect.
  • the measurement tag includes least one sensitive color-changing material that is analogous to a measurement test paper.
  • the measurement tag may contain regions or areas ( “measuring test papers” ) of different type that change color in response to changes in different parameters.
  • a measurement tag for sensing temperature and humidity will be provided with a temperature-sensitive material region and a humidity-sensitive material region having corresponding sensitive color-changing materials.
  • the scale construction step in Fig. 2X includes:
  • Step S121in Fig. 2X Select a corresponding sensitive color-changing material and measurement tag according to the measurement parameters, with the sensitive color-changing material and the measurement tag being arranged on the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor.
  • Step S122in Fig. 2X Acquire standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding performance database representing the expected change of color with change of the specified parameter toform a first scale.
  • Step S123in Fig. 2X Acquire parameters and change data related to the measurement requirements for the object and/or the object’s environment, and acquire color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, that is acquire experimental data representing a measured change of color with measured change of the specified parameter, so as to form a second scale.
  • Step S124in Fig. 2X Acquire actual degree of change data of the object in its measurement environment and acquire color change data corresponding to the measurement tag, so as to form a third scale.
  • Step S121in Fig. 2X the requirements for the current measurement have been acquired in the requirements determination step, such as a change in physical properties of the object, a change in values of parameters of the object’s environment, a measurement data range, a measurement time period, and the like. From this information, the appropriate color-changing material and the measurement tag may be selected and measured.
  • the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material may be described as a performance map of a certain parameter threshold range and stored in the form of a performance database to facilitate subsequent data acquisition.
  • the first scale reflects a theoretical value, such as intrinsic performance parameters of a certain kind of sensitive color-changing material, and actual measurement result data upon delivery.
  • Step S123in Fig. 2X a measurement value is acquired.
  • various parameters and change data related to the measurement requirements are acquired for the object and/or the object’s environment by relevant environment measurement tools (sensors) ;
  • color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment is acquired, where the measurement tag may change its color according to the changes in the measurement environment.
  • the second scale is to associate each of the various parameters and change data of the measured object or/and the measurement environment therefor with each of the color change data of the corresponding measurement tag, by taking the parameters or change data in the measurement environment and the color changes of the measurement tag as a reference standard.
  • the measurement value based on the measurement tag is processed, that is, the actual change of the measurement tag is subjected to data transformation.
  • step S124in Fig. 2X specifically, according to the standard measurement environment, or according to the variable measurement environment, an actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period is acquired, where the actual degree of change includes image information or textual description information about the measured object; and a third scale which is based on the database corresponding to the actual degree of change and change measurement data of the measurement tag is formed in combination with the change of the corresponding measurement tag.
  • the actual degree of change includes measurable data or artificially evaluated information.
  • the color change of the measurement tag and the degree of change corresponding to the appearance of the fruit under a corresponding condition are acquired, and the degree of change of the appearance of the fruit is combined with the color change of the measurement tag (used to reflect the parameter change of the cold chain environment) to form a third scale, where through the degree of change, the degree of freshness or even the degree of decay can be acquired;
  • the degree of freshness refers to the standard for evaluating the freshness of the fruit such as color of the fruit surface and brightness
  • the degree of decay refers to the degree to which the fruit rots; and the degree of decay is acquired.
  • the color change of the measurement tag and the degree of change corresponding to the appearance of the fruit under the corresponding condition are acquired, and the degree of change of the appearance of the fruit is combined with the color change of the measurement tag (used to reflect the parameter change of the cold chain environment) to form a third scale, where through the degree of change, the degree of freshness or even the degree of decay can be acquired;
  • the degree of freshness refers to the standard for evaluating the freshness of the fruit such as color of the fruit surface and brightness
  • the degree of decay refers to the degree to which the fruit rots; and the degree of decay is acquired.
  • the algorithm developing step includes:
  • the actual measurement step includes:
  • Step S31 in Fig. 3X Acquire a real-time image of the measurement tag and perform processing standard restoration on the real-time image.
  • Step S32in Fig. 3X Extract corresponding color data of the sensitive color-changing material, substitute the corresponding color data into the result analysis algorithm to then acquire a measurement result.
  • the color parameter is a real-time color of the corresponding color-changing material.
  • the corresponding analysis algorithm is obtained according to the measurement demand, and after the measurement is completed, all the collected data is analysed and discussed according to the analysis algorithm, so as to form a set of self-selection rules to reflect the actual state of the measured object, which produces the reflection from all angles, with improved accuracy, instead of failure to obtain actual states of some special measured objects through a single measurement method, therefore providing an overall applicable range.
  • the standard restoration is to restore a related image of the used measured tag acquired by a standard photographing device in the measured environment, for example, by restoring the parameter difference (such as angle, deformation, chromatic aberration, brightness, resolution, and RGB color standard) of the photographing device, and corresponding image modification is performed during the restoration process.
  • the relevant positioning technology such as three-point positioning of a two-dimensional code, measurement tag contour positioning, and image-text position positioning
  • the measurement solution can be embodied by a coordinate system, in which the type and range of the X-axis are defined according to the measurement demand.
  • the freshness X-axis is prepared (the freshness is descending from left to right) ; for example, in the aging degree measurement of the measured object, the aging degree is prepared (the aging degree is ascending from left to right) ; for example, in the measurement of the melting process of the melting of ice, the X-axis of the melting process is prepared (the melting degree is increasing from left to right) ; and for example, in quality measurement of an iron block, a quality X-axis (the quality is dropping from left to right) is prepared.
  • Types and ranges of various Y-axes are defined based on the first scale, the second scale, and the third scale. Reference is made specifically to the description below.
  • the relevant data of the prepared first scale, second scale and third scale is substituted into the aforementioned coordinate system model, for example, in the freshness measurement of the fresh product, the change in the temperature parameter in the measurement tag is acquired by adopting irreversible data of the temperature of the second scale and alcohol content in combination with the third scale;
  • the temperature-sensitive color-changing material shows a color A (the color A is a preferred temperature adapting to the corresponding fresh product)
  • the freshness degree is at the freshness of the coordinate system model and moves towards the right side of the X-axis with time (gradually close to the general freshness degree of the X-axis)
  • the temperature-sensitive color-changing material shows a color B (the color B is a non-preferred temperature)
  • the freshness degree further moves towards the right side of the X-axis, and goes beyond the general freshness of the X-axis and is gradually close to the non-freshness of the X-axis.
  • the alcohol content is also as described above (generally
  • the color display of the measurement tag corresponding to the temperature and the alcohol content is obtained, and the freshness in the case of different colors is obtained.
  • the measurement principle of other measured objects is similar to the above description, and only the measurement is performed by using different parameters.
  • the specific parameter selection is determined according to the actual measurement demand, and even the parameter of the above freshness is also an implementation mode and does not limit the measurement of the freshness.
  • the present invention provides preferred Embodiment II of a measurement method.
  • a measurement method includes pre-setting sensitive color-changing materials, a measurement tag and a measured object, and the measurement method further includes a demand determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step.
  • the scale construction step constructs at least one of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale, and the steps thereof include:
  • Step S41in Fig. 4X Select a corresponding sensitive color-changing material and measurement tag according to the measurement parameters, with the sensitive color-changing material and the measurement tag being arranged on the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor.
  • Step S42in Fig. 4X Acquire standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding performance database and form a first scale.
  • Step S422in Fig. 4X Acquire parameters and change data related to the measurement demand from the measured object and/or the measurement environment therefor and acquire color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form a second scale.
  • Step S423in Fig. 4X Acquire actual degree of change data of the measured object in the measurement environment and acquire color change data corresponding to the measurement tag, so as to form a third scale.
  • Step S43in Fig. 4X Complete the construction of the scales.
  • the demand determination step and the algorithm developing step are substantially consistent with the above description, excepting that pre-set parameters is different (namely different scales are constructed) , and the combined pre-set parameters are different. If a system only constructs one of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale, in the demand determination step, according to the measurement demand of the measured object, an analysis algorithm for measuring the measured object is developed in the algorithm developing step by combination with one of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale that have been constructed; or if a system only constructs two of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale, in the demand determination step, according to the measurement demand of the measured object, an analysis algorithm for measuring the measured object is developed in the algorithm developing step by combination with two of the first scale, the second scale and the third scale that have been constructed.
  • the actual measurement operation is also performed on the basis of the above-described developed analysis algorithm.
  • the measurement tag or label may thus provide an indicator for each environmental parameter to be measured or monitored.
  • the actual color of an indicator represents a value (or range of values for that parameter) so that a change in the color of a particular indicator represents a change in the value (or range of values) of that parameter.
  • the measurement tag may be read by taking an image of the measurement tag using a reading device, for example using the camera of a mobile phone (cell phone) .
  • the reading device has access to a data base that, for each indicator, relates the read color of that indicator to a value (or value range) for the corresponding parameter.
  • the data base may contain a first data set (first scale) that represents theoretical data which may be supplied by a manufacturer of the color changing material and relates different possible colors of the color changing material different parameter values, thereby providing theoretical calibration data.
  • the data base may additionally or alternatively contain a second data set (second scale) that represents experimental data obtained by subjecting an actual sample measurement tag (possibly associated with a sample of the actual product) to an environment that is the same or similar to that in which the product to be monitored will be present.
  • This experimental data may be obtained by taking readings of the value of the parameter using a separate sensor (e.g. a thermometer for temperature, a humidity sensor for humidity and so on) over a period of time and, for each sensor reading, also taking an image of the measurement tag and storing the color of the indicator with the associated sensor data value, thereby providing experimental calibration data.
  • Such experimental calibration data would also be calibrated for the reading device if the reading device used to acquire the experimental data is the same type as the reading deuce that will be used for the actual measurement.
  • the measurement tag may also carry reference color patches (for example red, green and blue patches) against which the reading device or a computer accessed by the reading device may calibrate the color data obtained by the reading device against the stored first or second data set (scale) .
  • the measurement tag may also contain orientation or direction indicators to enable read image data to be processed or manipulated so that the image is appropriately sized and oriented.
  • the first and/or second data set may include color data (theoretical for the first data set and experimental for the second data set) representing changes in color of the actual product with time which may also be used in the product monitoring.
  • Fig. 5 illustratesin grey scale one example of a measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag includes a tag body 100, a color-changing region 200 and an information region 300, where the color-changing region 200 includes at least a color-changing zone which is made of a color-changing material for sensing a change in a given environment parameter.
  • the information region 300 is a QR code incorporating an orientation arrow and the color-changing region 200 comprises a number of different colorsensitive regions which may respond to different environmentalparameters or may respond at different times. For ease of identification differently sensitive regions maybe of different shapes. In addition, there may be two or more regions which respond to the same parameter so as to provide redundancy ofmeasurement in the event for example of damage to the tagIn this embodiment, the tag body 100 comprises a bonding (e.g.
  • the color-changing region 200 and the information region 300 are born by (disposed in or on) the substrate layer.
  • the bonding layer is used to attach the tag to an or the object’s surrounding environment, such as one or more of a food packaging bag, an outer surface of a packaging box, and an inner surface of a container.
  • the protective layer protects the color-changing region 200 and the information region 300 on the substrate layer.
  • the protective layer may be made of an airtight, transparent or semi-transparent film material which prevents, before use of the measurement tag, air and water vapor from entering the color-changing region 200 such that the color-changing region 200 is brought into contact with the air and begin to react.
  • the protective layer may in some circumstances be removed prior to useof the tag.
  • the corresponding color-changing material and the measurement tag formed by integrating at least one color-changing material are set according to pre-measured data.
  • the color-changing material or the measurement tag is attached to a measured object or set in a surrounding environment where the measured object is located, and parameters of the measured object or the environment where the measured object is located are obtained through the color-changing material or the measurement tag, to reflect a state of the measured object.
  • the color-changing material changes colors depending on specific environment changes, chemical changes and/or over time or with physical contact, depending upon the specific color-changing material.
  • the tag may include one or more of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material changes color with temperature, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material which changes color withhumidity, an oxygen detection material which changes color with oxygen concentration, a test paper for sensing a specific substance or property, a color-changing material which changes color over time, or the like.
  • the color-changing material may be a reversible color-changing material or an irreversible color-changing material, or any material that can change color according to a specific parameter belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • a timing test paper formed of one of the currently many available oxidative color-changing materials the surface of the material is discolored by oxidization, and the duration time of the oxidation process determines the depth of the color changed, so that the process duration time can be evaluated using the oxidation process of the material;
  • a test paper for detecting a specific substance based on a useful function new substances of different colors are obtained by chemical and biological reaction of two substances, such as a detection test paper usually involved in carbon dioxide, mold, aldehyde, alcohols, and even cold chain steam and tail gas or the like;
  • a multi-layer structural test paper to meet the fluorescent test paper demand under high-temperature and dark conditions, a bottom layer can be used as a fluorescent material, and a surface layer is a reversible temperature-sensitive color-changing material (from transparent to colored) ;
  • test paper with multiple layers of different melting points, materials with different melting points and different colors are used, and in different temperature states, each layer melts to present different colors;
  • a high polymer structural test paper for example, the surface of a high polymer material is coated with a specific substance, and after the coating, a change in the optical properties of the surface can also be caused to produce a color change effect.
  • the color-changing material may be any one or more of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a specific substance-sensitive color-changing material, a timing color-changing material or a force-sensitive color-changing material.
  • the measurement tag includes at least one of color-changing materials, and the color-changing materials are arranged according to a pre-set rule. According to different measuring purposes, measuring test papers having different measuring functions are effectively integrated to form a special measurement tag, such as a measurement tag for sensing temperature and humidity, and the measurement tag is provided with a temperature-sensitive material region and a humidity-sensitive material region, along with corresponding color-changing materials, so as to achieve the purpose of measurement of the measured object.
  • the information region 300 includes a two-dimensional code layer, a barcode layer or a character identifier layer for recognizing a company profile or product information.
  • the information region 300 includes a two-dimensional code, and the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body 100, with a forward direction of the two-dimensional code being taken as a positive direction.
  • the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body 100 around the periphery of the two-dimensional code.
  • the two-dimensional code is disposed on the tag body 100, and the color-changing zone comprises blocksof a specific shape, such as a circle, a square, or the like. Each block hasa specific color-changing material.
  • a positive direction of the tag body 100 can be known from the two-dimensional code, and a plurality of color-changing zones is disposed according to the forward direction of the tag body 100, for example, around the two-dimensional code.
  • the temperature-sensitive color-changing material may be disposed in one block, the humidity-sensitive color-changing material is disposed in another block, the time color-changing material is disposed in another block, and so on.
  • the same color-changing material can be disposed in the two blocks.
  • the aforementioned function can also be achieved by extending the size of the blocks.
  • a color-changing material which changes the color in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius may be disposed in one block, and a color-changing material which changes color within a range of 10-20 degrees Celsius may disposed in another block.
  • Parameter data of the best measured object or an environment may then be obtained by means of the color-changing material with the best color-changing range.
  • the measurement tag may further include a blank reserved region (not shown) for subsequent extension requirements, such as for receiving other color-changing materials or information materials.
  • the blank reserved region may be disposed in the color-changing region 200.
  • Fig. 6A shows another example of a measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag includes at least one detection and recognition zone arranged at a pre-set position and a positive-direction recognition zone for acquiring a positive direction of the measurement tag, with the sensitive color-changing material regions or blocks being arranged in the corresponding detection and recognition zone.
  • the detection and recognition zone may be disposed in a middle region of the measurement tag, for exampleas a plurality of square regions or blocks A.
  • Each square region A is provided with a color-changing material sensitive to a change in an environmental parameter or other parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and time.
  • the detection and recognition zone also include a blank region B for subsequent extension, such as for other sensitive color-changing materials, information materials or the like.
  • regions A may also be of other shapes, such as circles, ellipses, and prisms.
  • the positive-direction recognition zone may be disposed in a frame region surrounding the measurement tag, as shown in Fig. 6Aand 6B.
  • the positive-direction recognition zone may be a plurality of black squares400 in the frame region disposed around the middle detection and recognition zone, such the measurement tag is considered to be in a correct (positive) orientation when a triangular structure composed of four of the black square of the frame is as shown positioned at the bottom the measurement tag.
  • White squares may disposed between the black squaresof the frame region as blank regions for meeting the subsequent extension requirement to add information and/or other color-changing material. Corners of the frame region may be identified by black squares for orientation/alignment.
  • the frame region may include reference color (e.g.
  • RGB RGB squares shown in Figs 6A and 6B as a series of three different grey scale squares.
  • the black square of the frame region may also be of other shapes and other colors, and the positive direction of the measurement tag can also be identified by setting other shapes and other positions of the black square of the frame region.
  • the positions of the detection and recognition zone and the positive-direction recognition zone need not necessarily be as described above, and other positional settings also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6B shows a measurement tag including at least one detection and recognition zone 200 and an information recognition zone 300, with a first positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on the information recognition zone 300, and a second positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on at free position on the measurement tag.
  • the information recognition zone 300of Fig 6B comprises a two-dimensional code such as a QR code. If the information recognition zone is a two-dimensional code, the first positive-direction recognition structure may be a three-point positioning point of the two-dimensional code. If the information recognition zone is another information code, the second positive-direction recognition structure may be as the positive-direction recognition zone described in Fig. 6 (a) above.
  • the present disclosure provides preferred embodiments of a measurement tag with a positive-direction recognition region 400with a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region 400 being taken as a positive direction.
  • the positive-direction recognition region 400 comprises at least a direction recognition structure, with a structural orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region 400, or a positional orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region 400.
  • the two-dimensional code is disposed on the tag body 100, and the color-changing zone comprises blocksof specific shape, such as a circle, a square, or the like. Each block is provided with a specific color-changing material.
  • the positive-direction recognition region 400 is disposed on the periphery, and a positive direction of the tag body 100 is acquired through four bottommost black square frames. A plurality of color-changing zones is disposed according to the positive direction of the tag body 100, for example, around the two-dimensional code.
  • the positive-direction recognition region 400 also includes four corners of the periphery of the tag body 100 for correcting a shooting angle of an image.
  • the measurement tag may be simplified by removing the direction recognition zone around the measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag has a second positive-direction recognition structure 400 is disposed at a corner, such as an upper left corner in Fig. 6 (d) , and the second positive-direction recognition structure is provided with a color reference zone 500, B and a detection and recognition zone A and further provided with a blank region 600 between the color reference zone B and the detection and recognition zone A, for meeting the subsequent extension requirements.
  • the positive-direction recognition region 400 is a pattern disposed at a corner of the tag body 100, and the positive direction of the tag body 100 is acquired by acquiring the position of the pattern.
  • the blank reserved region 600 is used for subsequent extending requirements, such as placing other sensitive color-changing materials or information materials, and the blank reserved region 600 may be disposed in the color-changing region 200, or in the positive-direction recognition region 400.
  • the color reference region 500 may adopt the three primary colors (red, green, blue) as colors of the color reference region, although other colors may also be used as long as the difference between the color of the real-time image acquired by a reading device and the standard color used by the data base can be determined to facilitate recognition accuracy.
  • An image acquisition or reading device acquires a deviation value of the measurement tag color through the color reference region, and the deviation value is a difference of image attributes, and the basic attributes of the image include pixels, resolution, size, color, bit depth, hue, saturation, brightness, color channels, image levels, and the like.
  • the difference between the two can be analysed to obtain the difference of specific parameters, such as the difference in color temperature and brightness, color difference and the like.
  • the second positive-direction recognition structure of the measurement tag can be retained as insurance against a failure of recognition of the positive direction the tag being recognized because the two-dimensional code is too small.
  • Fig. 6D shows an example of a measurement tag where the information region may be disposed elsewhere, such as in a blank region of the color-changing zone 200, or the outside of the positive-direction recognition region 400.
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of a measurement tag where the shape of the tag body 100 is a recognizable forward shape, and the color-changing zone is disposed on the tag body 100, with a forward direction of the tag body 100 being taken as the positive direction.
  • an arrow is added to the square shape of the tag body 100, and the positive direction of the tag body 100 is identified by the arrow.
  • Other features of this tag are similar to and consistent with the above description and will not be described one by one.
  • Fig. 8 shows ameasurement step for a measurement tag including a color reference zone, where the actual measurement step includes:
  • Step S31 in Fig. 8 Grab an image of the color reference zone in the measurement tag, so as to acquire a reference measurement color of the color reference zone.
  • Step S32in Fig. 8 Compare the reference measurement color with a pre-set standard color, so as to acquire an image attribute deviation value between the reference measurement color and the standard color.
  • Step S33in Fig. 8 Grab an image of the detection and recognition zones in the measurement tag, acquire a recognition measurement color of each of the detection and recognition zones, and acquire the actual color of each of the detection and recognition zones according to the image attribute deviation value.
  • the deviation value is a difference between images, and the basic attributes of the image include pixels, resolution, size, color, bit depth, hue, saturation, brightness, color channels, image levels, and the like. By comparing the color of the photographed image with a pre-set standard color, the difference between them can be analysed to obtain the difference of specific parameters, such as the difference in color temperature and brightness, color difference and the like.
  • the three primary colors can be adopted as colors of the color reference region, and certainly, other colors may also be used as long as the distinction between the color of the actually-acquired image and the pre-set standard color can be well reflected, so that the distinction of the color changes of the image is acquired, the intelligent recognition of the machine is achieved, and the recognition accuracy is improved.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates an example ofa construction approach of a database for the first scale.
  • This construction approach for the performance database of the first scale includes:
  • Step S1221in Fig. 9 According to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquire standard color parameters which are revealed differently with changes of the standard performance parameters.
  • Step S1222in Fig. 9 According to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquire intrinsic performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material.
  • Step S1223in Fig. 9 In conjunction with the standard color parameters and the intrinsic performance parameters, construct the performance database for the first scale.
  • the first scale is embodied using a coordinate system model, where the first scale is a theoretical value based on standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material.
  • the temperature performance parameter of the sensitive color-changing material different standard colors are revealed by acquiring the theoretical temperature range of the temperature performance parameters.
  • the theoretical temperature range of the temperature performance parameters is taken as the X-axis, the color is taken as the Y-axis, and the theoretical temperature range of different X-axes corresponds to different colors.
  • Fig. 10 shows an example of a construction approach for the second scale.
  • the construction approach for the second scale includes:
  • Step S1231in Fig. 10 Provide at least one measurement environment, each of the measurement environments including a plurality of environmental factors.
  • Step S12311in Fig. 10 In the measurement environment, acquire first color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag.
  • Step S12312in Fig. 10 Construct a data model which is based on the first color change process data and the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form the second scale.
  • Step S1232in Fig. 10 Within a pre-set data range for a corresponding measurement environment, adjust a single one or more of the environmental factors in sequence, so as to acquire a corresponding variable measurement environment.
  • Step S12321in Fig. 10 In the variable measurement environment, acquire second color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag.
  • Step S12322 Construct a data model which is based on the second color change process data and the corresponding variable measurement environment, so as to form the second scale.
  • step S1231 the process may directly proceed to step S1232, and depending on the measurement demand, step S12311 and step S12312 are performed, or step S12321 and step S12322 are performed.
  • step S12311 and step S12312 are performed, or step S12321 and step S12322 are performed.
  • the environmental factors of the measurement environment are stable, as the case in the measurement environment in step S1231, such as using a freezer to transport fresh products, in which the temperature, humidity and other factors are invariable; if the environmental factors of the measurement environment are stable, there is a slight change; or if the environmental factors are unstable, in the variable measurement environment in step S1232, such as using a foam box with dry ice to transport the fresh product, although the temperature, humidity and other factors tend to be invariable, there will still be a slight change.
  • the second scale is embodied using the coordinate system model.
  • the measurement process is taken as an X-axis
  • the Y-axis coordinate includes a temperature change value, and a color change of a corresponding temperature region on the measurement tag corresponding to different temperature change values. That is, the second scale is constructed by combining the color change of the measurement tag with the corresponding parameters of the measurement environment.
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show an example of a construction approach for the third scale.
  • the construction approach for the third scale includes two preferred solutions.
  • the first solution is implemented on the basis of the foregoing step S1231, and includes:
  • Step S12411in Fig. 11 Acquire, according to the measurement environment, a first actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period.
  • Step S12412in Fig. 11 Construct a data model which is based on the first color change data and the first actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale.
  • the actual degree of change includes image information or textual description information about the measured object, the textual description including a relevant description of the actual degree of change of the measured object, and various states and changes are reflected in the text.
  • estimate value For example, in freshness, from fresh to stale, by constructing a standard “estimated value” , obtain the standard levels such as fresh, comparatively fresh, general, poor, stale, and the like. Combined with the coordinate system model of the aforementioned second scale, the X-axis of the coordinate system model based on the second scale is formed, and the standard level of the estimated value is taken as the Y-axis.
  • the second solution is implemented on the basis of the foregoing step S1232, and includes:
  • Step S12421in Fig. 12 Acquire, according to the variable measurement environment, a second actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period.
  • Step S12422in Fig. 12 Construct a data model which is based on the second color change data and the second actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale.
  • the first color change data and the second color change data are based on a color change of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment and are distinguished by “first” and “second” through the aforementioned two solutions.
  • Demand determination step Determine whether ice melts into water, and to what extent.
  • the melting point of water is 0°C, but when the ice melts into water, an ordinary thermometer used at the moment when the ice melts into water cannot measure the process of a state in which ice is converted into water, because the water around ice is also 0°C when the ice melts.
  • Scale construction step Construct a first scale, the first scale indicating the presence of water.
  • Algorithm developing step Use the first scale of the present invention, provide the first scale on ice through a corresponding first color change test paper is set on the ice by the first color change test paper, where the first color change test paper is a color change test paper which is discolored when encountered with water, and further, a color change test paper which is capable of changing the color accordingly according to the amount of water encountered with, the first color change test paper does not react if the ice does not melt, or else the first color change test paper changes the color accordingly.
  • the first color change test paper is a color change test paper which is discolored when encountered with water
  • a color change test paper which is capable of changing the color accordingly according to the amount of water encountered with, the first color change test paper does not react if the ice does not melt, or else the first color change test paper changes the color accordingly.
  • the first color change test paper is reddened in the presence of water, and turns green when dry, and meanwhile, a reversible or irreversible change material is used, and different purposes are measured under different conditions.
  • Demand determination step In the manufacture of a specific product, for the measurement of the heat conduction efficiency of a special-shaped metal component, heat the metal part at a heated end thereof, where it is necessary to measure the temperature change from the heated end to a heat-releasing end after heating at a specific time, thereby obtaining the distribution of the degree of heating which the component is subjected to, and thereby calculating the heat conduction efficiency of the component with the shape.
  • Scale construction step Manufacture the measurement tag using an irreversible temperature-sensitive color-changing material; further, an irreversible color change test paper combination with a plurality of progressive thresholds can be used; when the temperature reaches a threshold of two adjacent color change test papers, one of the test papers changes the color while the other test paper does not change the color, thereby obtaining information about the highest temperature. Take the performance parameter data of the temperature-sensitive color-changing tag as the first scale.
  • Algorithm developing step It is not difficult to understand that the heat conduction efficiency performance of the component can be analyzed after the temperature of the heating source and data of temperature change from the heated end to the heat-releasing end of the component are acquired.
  • Actual measurement step Use this method to measure an actual production part of the component and obtain a heat conduction efficiency performance result of the actual production part by acquiring the color of the measurement tag and substituting the color into the analysis algorithm. Further, metal components of different shapes or components made of different metal materials and of the same shape can be measured using the same method.
  • An SLR camera lens is a daily use item.
  • a housing of the SLR camera lens is very firm, but an internal lens therein is easily damaged by collision or long use time; especially when the lens is used by multiple rotations, although the degree of change cannot be known from the exterior, internal optical devices may be subjected to various adverse effects, and the price of the lens may vary greatly depending on factors such as frequency of use, time of use, and quality. Therefore, a method is needed to obtain the “aging degree” .
  • Scale construction step Provide measurement tag, which will form different color changes according to different degrees of application of force.
  • the degree of application of force can be reflected by factors such as collision and friction, and generally an irreversible sensitive color-changing material is adopted.
  • various parameters and change data are obtained on the basis of the measurement tag related to the measurement demand for the degree of application of force, and color change data of the measurement tag is acquired to form a second scale.
  • corresponding color changes of the measurement tag under different degrees of collision and friction are preferably removed after a material having a specific thickness is subjected to friction many times, and the change in color occurs; according to the appearance performance of the aging degrees of lens of different models, and an estimated value standard about the aging degree, such as new, comparatively new, general, comparatively old and very old, is constructed, and a third scale is formed in conjunction with corresponding color changes of the corresponding measurement tag.
  • Algorithm developing step Obtain the color change of different degrees of application of force, and the corresponding appearance performance (internal optical devices in the lens) , and analyze the “aging degree” of the SLR camera lens.
  • Actual measurement step Through the assistance of the second scale and the third scale, obtain the quality of the measured object, and evaluate the degree of use of the lens and the degree of maintenance to accurately determine the value thereof.
  • a storage environment is one of key factors affecting the sales of the agricultural products.
  • the storage process can reduce the rate of loss of agricultural products and can delay the entry of agricultural products into the non-fresh stage as much as possible.
  • the substantive definition of “freshness” in this case should be: The comprehensive evaluation index of the rate of loss of agricultural products is verified from the completion of picking to the delivery to consumers.
  • there are higher requirements for storage conditions than other conventional shipments such as: low temperature storage environment, suitable humidity range, air sanitation and quality of the storage environment, and time of sales process.
  • Scale construction step Form a measurement tag by a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a timing-sensitive color-changing material and other sensitive color-changing materials, and construct a first scale according to data such as each humidity, temperature and timing; form a second scale in conjunction with environment parameter change process data, such as the temperature of a cold chain, the temperature of a warehouse and temperature changes inside and outside of an edible producepackaging box, and corresponding color changes of the color-changing tag; set corresponding estimated value levels of agricultural products according to the corresponding changes in the measurement environment formulated by a second tag, such as fresh, comparatively fresh, general, stale, so as to form a third scale.
  • environment parameter change process data such as the temperature of a cold chain, the temperature of a warehouse and temperature changes inside and outside of an edible producepackaging box, and corresponding color changes of the color-changing tag
  • set corresponding estimated value levels of agricultural products according to the corresponding changes in the measurement environment formulated by a second tag, such as fresh, comparatively
  • Algorithm developing step Determine the “freshness” of the agricultural products by the first scale, the second scale and the third scale. Preferably, whether a pre-set threshold is reached is checked according to temperature, the content of alcohol substances (alcohol) and other values, where fruit acid in fruits is oxidized to generate an ethanol substance. For example, the temperature is low, normal or high, and the content of the alcohol substance is little, not much or much. If the temperature is low and the content of the alcohol substance is little, the fruit can be considered “fresh” . If the temperature is normal or the content of the alcohol substance is not much, the fruit can be considered “general” . If the temperature is high or the content of the alcohol substance is much, the fruit can be considered “stale” . Certainly, this is only a preferred analysis algorithm, and there are other more detailed or more specific analysis algorithms (especially for other special agricultural products) , which also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • Actual measurement step Obtain corresponding change data through the first scale, the second scale and the third scale, and obtain the “freshness” of the edible producethrough an analysis algorithm of the algorithm developing step.
  • a storage apparatus stores a computer program which can be executed to implement the steps of an identification method as described above.
  • Embodiments relate to the field of measurement and recognition, and in particular to a measurement method, comprising: providing corresponding sensitive color-changing materials according to pre-measured data, and integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material to form a measurement tag.
  • the measurement method comprises a demand determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step.
  • the present invention further relates to a measurement system, comprising a detection apparatus which is used for providing corresponding sensitive color-changing materials according to pre-measured data, and for integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material according to a measurement demand and forming a measurement tag, and which stores a computer program.
  • the present invention further relates to a storage apparatus.
  • the present invention is used to reflect a theoretical value, a measured value and an evaluated value of a product state and obtain computer data, making it convenient for a computer to obtain, through accurate and intelligent analyses and calculations, a physical state or other relevant adoption numbers of an object or an environment, thereby quickly acquiring the actual numerical values or values, and achieving a high intelligence level.
  • Embodiments relate to the field of tags, and in particular to a measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag comprises a tag body, a color-changing region and an information region, wherein the color-changing region comprises at least a color-changing zone which is made from a color-changing material for sensing a change in a pre-set environment parameter.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention lie in that: compared with the prior art, in the present invention, by designing a measurement tag and adding a part which is capable of implementing an environment measurement function on a traditional tag application, the range of application of an entity tag is further extended, and the environment measurement function and a data carrier are integrated into the tag, so that, in addition to the basic function of information recording, data for an environment where the tag is located can also be sensed, thereby implementing low-cost and highly-efficient methods for data bearing and for data measurement and acquisition.
  • a measurement method comprising: providing corresponding sensitive color-changing materials according to pre-measured data, and integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material to form a measurement tag; and the measurement method comprising a demand determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step, wherein same are respectively: the demand determination step: determining measurement parameters of a measured object and/or a measurement environment therefor according to a measurement demand; the scale construction step: selecting a corresponding sensitive color-changing material and measurement tag according to the measurement parameters, with the sensitive color-changing material and the measurement tag being arranged on the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor; and acquiring standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding performance database, and forming a first scale; acquiring parameters and change data related to the measurement demand of the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor, and acquiring color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form a second scale; and acquiring actual degree of change data of the measured object in the measurement environment
  • the measurement tag comprises at least one detection and recognition zone arranged at a pre-set placement position and a positive-direction recognition zone for acquiring a positive direction of the measurement tag, with the sensitive color-changing material being arranged in the corresponding detection and recognition zone.
  • the measurement tag comprises at least one detection and recognition zone arranged in a pre-set placement position and an information recognition zone, with a first positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on the information recognition zone, or a second positive-direction recognition structure for acquiring the positive direction of the measurement tag being provided on a free position of the measurement tag.
  • the measurement tag comprises a color reference zone
  • the steps of acquiring color parameters of the measurement tag comprise: grabbing an image of the color reference zone in the measurement tag, so as to acquire a reference measurement color of the color reference zone; comparing the reference measurement color with a pre-set standard color, so as to acquire an image attribute deviation value between the reference measurement color and the standard color; andgrabbing an image of the detection and recognition zones in the measurement tag, acquiring a recognition measurement color of each of the detection and recognition zones, and acquiring the actual color of each of the detection and recognition zones according to the image attribute deviation value.
  • a construction approach for the performance database of the first scale comprises: according to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquiring standard color parameters which are revealed to be functions of the standard performance parameters; and, according to the standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material, acquiring intrinsic performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material; and in conjunction with the standard color parameters and the intrinsic performance parameters, constructing the performance database for the first scale.
  • a construction approach for the second scale comprises: providing at least one measurement environment, each of the measurement environments comprising a plurality of environmental factors; or within a pre-set data range for a corresponding measurement environment, respectively adjusting a single one or more of the environmental factors according to a pre-set rule, so as to acquire a corresponding variable measurement environment; inthe measurement environment, acquiring first color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag; or in the variable measurement environment, acquiring second color change data corresponding to a color change process of the measurement tag; andconstructing a data model which is based on the first color change process data and the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form the second scale; or constructing a data model which is based on the second color change process data and the corresponding variable measurement environment, so as to form the second scale.
  • a construction approach for the third scale comprises: acquiring, according to the measurement environment, a first actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period, or acquiring, according to the variable measurement environment, a second actual degree of change of the measured object in a pre-set time period, wherein the actual degree of change comprises image information or textual description information about the measured object, the textual description comprising a relevant description of the actual degree of change of the measured object; andconstructing a data model which is based on the first color change data and the first actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale; or constructing a data model which is based on the second color change data and the second actual degree of change, so as to form the third scale.
  • a measurement method comprising: providing corresponding sensitive color-changing materials according to pre-measured data, and integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material to form a measurement tag; and the measurement method comprising a demand determination step, a scale construction step, an algorithm developing step and an actual measurement step, wherein same are respectively: the demand determination step: determining measurement parameters of a measured object and/or a measurement environment therefor according to a measurement demand; the scale construction step: selecting a corresponding sensitive color-changing material and measurement tag according to the measurement parameters, with the sensitive color-changing material and the measurement tag being arranged on the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor, while one of a first scale, a second scale and a third scale are at least constructed; and acquiring standard performance parameters of the sensitive color-changing material to form a corresponding performance database and form the first scale; acquiring parameters and change data related to the measurement demand for the measured object and/or in the measurement environment therefor, and acquiring color change data of the measurement tag in the corresponding measurement environment, so as to form the second
  • a measurement system comprising: a detection apparatus which is used for providing a corresponding sensitive color-changing material according to pre-measured data, and for integrating at least one sensitive color-changing material according to a measurement demand and forming a measurement tag, and which stores a computer program, wherein the computer program can be executed to implement the steps of the measurement method of any one of clauses 1 to 8; and the detection apparatus comprises a storage device for storing the first scale, the second scale, the third scale and the result analysis algorithm in the measurement method, and a measurement device implementing the actual measurement steps in the detection method, and the measurement device and the storage device are connected to acquire relevant data in the storage device.
  • a storage apparatus wherein the storage apparatus stores a computer program which can be executed to implement the steps of the measurement method of any one of clauses 1 to 8.
  • a measurement tag comprising a tag body, a color-changing region and an information region, wherein the color-changing region comprises at least a color-changing zone which is made of a color-changing material for sensing a change in a pre-set environment parameter.
  • the positive-direction recognition region comprises at least a direction recognition structure, with a structural orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region, or a positional orientation of the direction recognition structure being set as a forward direction of the positive-direction recognition region.
  • the information region comprises a two-dimensional code layer, a barcode layer or a character identifier layer for recognizing a company profile or product information.
  • the color-changing material is one of a temperature-sensitive color-changing material, a humidity-sensitive color-changing material, a specific substance-sensitive color-changing material, a timing color-changing material or a force-sensitive color-changing material.
  • C1 A method of generating a database for product monitoring, the method comprising: determining at least one parameter indicative of a condition of a product and/or of a condition under which the product is stored; identifying at least one color-changing material for each parameter; providing a measurement tag comprising the at least one color-changing material; generating a database by relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter to provide a comparison data set to enable the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be determined using the colorof each color-changing material.
  • generating the database further comprises relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter measured by a sensor to provide an experimental comparison data set to enable the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be determined using the color of each color-changing material.
  • a method according to clauseC1, C2, C3 or C4, wherein generating the database further comprises receiving human perception data related to the condition of the product and relating a color of each color-changing material to the human perception data to provide a human perception data set to enable human perception of the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be associated with the color of each color-changing material.
  • a method according to clause C1, C2, C3 or C4, wherein generating the database further comprises receiving human perception data related to the condition of the product, receiving with the human perception data color image data representing a measurement tag carrying each color-changing material and correlating the received color image data and the received human perception data to provide a human perception data set to enable human perception of the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be associated with the color of each color-changing material.
  • An apparatus for generating a database for product monitoring using a measurement tag comprising a processor and a memory storing program instructions for: determining at least one parameter indicative of a condition of a product and/or of a condition under which the product is stored; identifying at least one color-changing material for each parameter; providing a measurement tag comprising the at least one color-changing material; generating a database by relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter to provide a comparison data set to enable the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be determined using the color of each color-changing material.
  • generating the database further comprises relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter measured by a sensor to provide an experimental comparison data set to enable the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be determined using the color of each color-changing material.
  • An apparatus wherein relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter measured by a sensor to provide an experimental comparison data set comprises receiving color image data representing a measurement tag carrying each color-changing material with the sensor data and correlating the received color image data with the sensor data.
  • generating the database further comprises receiving human perception data related to the condition of the product and relating a color of each color-changing material to the human perception data to provide a human perception data set to enable human perception of the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be associated with the color of each color-changing material.
  • generating the database further comprises receiving human perception data related to the condition of the product, receiving with the human perception data color image data representing a measurement tag carrying each color-changing material and correlating the received color image data and the received human perception data to provide a human perception data set to enable human perception of the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be associated with the color of each color-changing material.
  • a method of product monitoring using a measurement tag having at least one color-changing material sensitive to a parameter indicative of a condition of a product and/or of a condition under which the product is stored comprising: acquiring an image of the measurement tag; extracting from the image color data for the at least one color-changing material; accessing a database using the color data to determine the condition of the product and/or of the condition under which the product is stored.
  • An apparatus for product monitoring using a measurement tag having at least one color-changing material sensitive to a parameter indicative of a condition of a product and/or of a condition under which the product is stored comprising a processor and a memory configured for: acquiring an image of the measurement tag; extracting from the image color data for the at least one color-changing material; accessing a database using the color data to determine the condition of the product and/or of the condition under which the product is stored.
  • a measurement apparatus comprising the apparatus of any of clauses C11, C15 or C16.
  • accessing the database comprises accessing an experimental comparison data set data which relates a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter measured by a sensor to enable the condition of the product and/or the condition under which the product is stored to be determined using the color of each color-changing material.
  • accessing the database further comprises accessing a human perception data set relating a color of each color-changing material to the human perception data.
  • accessing the database comprises accessing one or more of: a theoretical color data set relating a color of each color-changing material to a value of the corresponding parameter; an experimental comparison data set data which relatesa colorof each color-changing materialto a value of the corresponding parameter measured by a sensor, wherein the color isdetermined from an image of a measurement tag carrying the color-changing material; a human perception data set relating a color of each color-changing material to the human perception data.
  • a measurement tag for product monitoring comprising a tag body; a parameter indicator comprising a color-changing region; and a product indicator identifying information related to the product, wherein the color-changing region comprises at least one color-changing material sensitive to a parameter indicative of a condition of a product and/or of a condition under which the product is stored.
  • a measurement tag according to any of clauses C23 to C27, further comprising a positive-direction indicator to indicate a direction of reading of the tag, wherein the positive-direction indicator comprises at least one of: ashape of the tag body; an asymmetrically shaped region on part of the tag body; data carried by on or by a product code; data carried by or on a QR code.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computing device such as a processor, cause the computing device to perform the method of any of clausesC1 to C6 and C12 to C14.
  • a tangible, non-transsitory, storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by a computing device such as a processor, cause the computing device to perform the method of any of clauses C1 to C6 and C12 to C14.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de génération de base de données (801) destiné à la surveillance de produits comprenant les étapes consistant : à déterminer au moins un paramètre indicatif d'une condition d'un produit et/ou d'une condition dans laquelle le produit est stocké ; à identifier au moins un matériau de changement de couleur pour chaque paramètre ; à fournir une étiquette de mesure (100) comprenant ledit ou lesdits matériaux de changement de couleur ; et à générer une base de données (801) en associant une couleur de chaque matériau changeant de couleur à une valeur du paramètre correspondant en vue de fournir un ensemble de données de comparaison afin de permettre la détermination de la condition du produit et/ou la condition dans laquelle le produit est stocké à l'aide des changements de couleur.
PCT/CN2019/083857 2018-04-23 2019-04-23 Procédé et appareil destiné à la surveillance de produit WO2019206130A1 (fr)

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