WO2019202111A1 - Schwebeschmelzverfahren - Google Patents
Schwebeschmelzverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019202111A1 WO2019202111A1 PCT/EP2019/060168 EP2019060168W WO2019202111A1 WO 2019202111 A1 WO2019202111 A1 WO 2019202111A1 EP 2019060168 W EP2019060168 W EP 2019060168W WO 2019202111 A1 WO2019202111 A1 WO 2019202111A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- batches
- starting material
- batch
- section
- areas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
- B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
- F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
- H05B6/32—Arrangements for simultaneous levitation and heating
Definitions
- This invention relates to a levitation melting process for producing castings with a multiple batch feedstock.
- the process employs a feedstock having multiple discrete batches separated by areas of reduced cross-section.
- a more efficient melting of the batches can be achieved.
- the melt does not come into contact with the material of a crucible, so that contamination by the crucible material or by reaction of the melt with crucible material is avoided.
- Such metals include, for example, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, hafnium, niobium, rhenium and molybdenum. However, this is also important for other metals and alloys such as nickel, iron and aluminum.
- Heated melting processes are known from the prior art.
- DE 422 004 A already discloses a melting process in which the conductive melt is heated by inductive currents and at the same time free-floating is obtained by electrodynamic action.
- a casting process in which the molten material is conveyed by a magnet into a mold (electrodynamic pressure casting). The process can be carried out in vacuo.
- US 2,686,864 A also describes a method in which a conductive melt z. B. is placed in a vacuum under the influence of one or more coils without the use of a crucible in a floating state. In one embodiment, two coaxial coils are used to stabilize the material in suspension. After the melt, the material is dropped or poured into a mold. With the process described there, a 60 g aluminum portion was suspended.
- the same coil is used both for heating and for holding the melt, in which the frequency of the applied alternating current for regulating the heating power is varied while the current intensity is kept constant.
- the particular advantages of levitation melting are that contamination of the melt by a crucible material or other materials that are in contact with the melt in other processes is avoided.
- the floating melt is only in contact with the surrounding atmosphere, which may be, for. B. can act to vacuum or inert gas.
- the melt can be heated to very high temperatures.
- the rejects of contaminated material are reduced. Nevertheless, the floating melting has not prevailed in practice. The reason for this is that in the levitation melting process, only a relatively small amount of molten material can be held in suspension (see DE 696 17 103 T2, page 2, paragraph 1).
- the batches of starting material are introduced into the induction coil area in the form of individual ingots for all levitation melting processes. This usually takes place by means of a gripper, which picks up the ingots at a feed position, moves them into the induction coil area and then releases them after switching on the magnetic field. This often causes problems with the stability of the ingots in the magnetic field and a splashing during melting.
- the production of these relatively small ingots is comparatively complicated and expensive.
- the process should allow a high throughput through improved melting efficiency and allow the use of low cost ingots for the batches.
- a method for producing cast bodies from an electrically conductive material comprising the following steps:
- the starting material of an electrically conductive material has a plurality of pre-separated, separated by areas of reduced cross-section batches and the areas are designed so that a separation of the pre-separated batches takes place only when melting in an electromagnetic alternating field,
- the volume of the molten charge is preferably sufficient to fill the casting mold with sufficient dimensions for the production of a cast body ("filling volume"). After filling the mold, it is allowed to cool or cooled with coolant so that the material solidifies in the mold. Thereafter, the casting can be removed from the mold. Casting may consist in dropping the charge, in particular by switching off the alternating electromagnetic field; or the casting may be slowed down by an alternating electromagnetic field, e.g. B. by the use of a coil.
- a "conductive material” is understood according to the invention to mean a material which has a suitable conductivity in order to heat the material inductively and to hold it in suspension.
- a “floating state” is understood according to the invention to mean a state of complete floating, so that the treated batch does not have any contact with a crucible or platform or the like.
- a "cylindrical" ingot means an ingot in the form of the mathematical definition of a general cylinder, in particular a general straight cylinder, the definition explicitly including the special forms of the prism, in particular the straight prism, and of the cuboid.
- it is a straight circular cylinder or a straight prism with six- to twenty-four-sided base surfaces.
- the “lowest” charge means, according to the invention, the charge of a starting material according to the invention which is arranged at the end of the starting material which is distal to the end with which the starting material is held and moved.
- the supply of batches via a feedstock that combines multiple batches instead of individual batches offers several advantages.
- the batches can first be introduced deeper into the magnetic field of the coils.
- the starting material does not need to float, but is mechanically held in position.
- the remaining starting material can push the lowermost batch to be melted into the magnetic field. This increases the efficiency of the melting of the charge. Only when the batch begins to melt, the molten parts go into suspension.
- the holding power of the remaining starting material also ensures that the charge is stable in the magnetic field. is lome. When the batch has melted, the remaining starting material is pulled upwards and the free-flowing melt is overheated.
- the charge is introduced so far into the alternating electromagnetic field that the induced eddy current is maximum. In this way, the batch can be optimally heated, which leads to an acceleration of the entire casting process.
- the starting material for a plurality of batches consists of a cylindrical rod having along its longitudinal axis regions which have a reduced cross-section, the individual regions having the unreduced cross-section corresponding in each case to the quantity of material in a batch.
- the effect according to the invention of stabilization and improved utilization of the generated magnetic field is achieved in any desired form of the batches.
- rods in the form of a circular cylinder or a prism with an approximately circular base surface can be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, for example in continuous casting. It then only have to be introduced by turning, sawing or cutting the batches separating areas in the raw rod.
- the areas of reduced cross-section, which separate the individual batches, on the one hand ensure lower heat conduction and, on the other hand, a restriction of the induced eddy currents on the charge to be melted in the magnetic field.
- the cross section between the batches is reduced so much and / or the regions of reduced cross section are so long that there is such extensive confinement of the eddy current induced in an alternating electromagnetic field in a batch adjacent batch is not melted down with.
- this must be taken into account accordingly in order to achieve an optimum ratio of space-saving arrangement and the risk of melting off the adjacent batch.
- the heat conduction of the areas with the reduced cross-section is correspondingly preferably so low in the starting material for a plurality of batches that the adjacent batch is not melted when a batch is melted.
- the regions with the reduced cross section are dimensioned at least such that they have a mechanical load capacity which is sufficient for the weight of the respective starting material to be supported. Since the starting materials are used in a suspended arrangement, it is advantageous if the areas connecting the charges, which have the lowest mechanical strength due to the reduced cross-section, are able to support the entire area below them. This can be avoided that a feed mechanism must be used, which ensures stabilization of the starting material. If the minimum possible cross sections are used, they decrease from top to bottom. It is not necessary to make all cross-sections the same, therefore, to be based on the connection of the top charge.
- the electrically conductive material used according to the invention has at least one refractory metal from the following group: titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, hafnium, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum.
- a less high-melting metal such as nickel, iron or aluminum can be used.
- a conductive material a mixture or alloy with one or more of the aforementioned metals can be used.
- the metal has a content of at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 60% by weight or at least 70% by weight, of the conductive material. It has been found that these metals benefit particularly from the advantages of the present invention.
- the conductive material is titanium or a titanium alloy, in particular TiAl or TiAIV.
- These metals or alloys can be processed particularly advantageously, since they have a pronounced dependence of the viscosity on the temperature and moreover are particularly reactive, in particular with regard to the materials of the casting mold. Since the method according to the invention combines contactless melting in suspension with extremely rapid filling of the casting mold, a particular advantage can be realized precisely for such metals. With the method according to the invention castings can be produced which have a particularly thin or even no oxide layer from the reaction of the melt with the material of the casting mold. And especially in the case of refractory metals, the achieved improved utilization of the induced eddy current and the associated faster heating in the cycle times are noticeable.
- An advantageous embodiment of the method uses the electrically conductive material in powder form. If the batches are to be designed, for example, in spherical form, then a lot of material would have to be removed when turning from a solid metal rod. An assembly of individual balls, which are screwed together with rods, would cause considerable additional work during production and assembly. If one deviates from powder, however, one can produce the form more easily. Most preferably, this is done by compression with a binder and / or sintering. Conceivable binders are, for example, paraffins, waxes or polymers, which in each case allow a low working temperature.
- the conductive material is overheated during melting to a temperature which is at least 10 ° C, at least 20 ° C or at least 30 ° C above the melting point of the material.
- the overheating prevents the material from immediately solidifying on contact with the mold, whose temperature is below the melting temperature. It is achieved that the charge can spread in the mold before the viscosity of the material becomes too high. It is an advantage of levitation smelting that no crucible in contact with the melt needs to be used. Thus, the high loss of material of the cold crucible method is avoided as well as a contamination of the melt by crucible components.
- the melt can be heated relatively high, since operation in a vacuum or under protective gas is possible and no contact with reactive materials takes place. However, most materials can not be overheated arbitrarily, otherwise a violent reaction with the mold is to be feared. Therefore, the overheating is preferably limited to at most 300 ° C, especially at most 200 ° C, and more preferably at most 100 ° C above the melting point of the conductive material.
- At least one ferromagnetic element is arranged horizontally around the region in which the charge is melted.
- the ferromagnetic element may be arranged annularly around the melting region, whereby "annular" not only circular elements, but also square, in particular four- or polygonal ring elements are understood.
- the element may have a plurality of rod sections which protrude in particular hori zontally in the direction of the melting region.
- the ferromagnetic element consists of a ferromagnetic material, preferably with an amplitude permeability m 3 > 10, more preferably m 3 > 50 and particularly preferably m 3 > 100.
- the amplitude permeability relates in particular to the permeability in a temperature range between 25 ° C and 100 ° C and at a magnetic flux density between 0 and 400 mT.
- the amplitude permeability is in particular at least one hundredth, in particular at least 10 dogs. or 25ths of the amplitude permeability of soft magnetic ferrite (eg 3C92).
- soft magnetic ferrite eg 3C92
- an electrically conductive material as the starting material for a Schwe manmelz compiler in which the starting material has a plurality of pre-separated, separated by areas of reduced cross-section batches, wherein a separation of the pre-separated batches until melting in an electromagnetic Alternating field.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of three embodiments of a starting material according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a side view showing the structure of a fusion region with ferromagnetic element, coils and the lower portion of a multiple charge source material.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of three embodiments of an inventive starting material of electrically conductive material. All three are vertical circular cylindrical shapes. At the upper end, an area is arranged, which is suitable for mounting in a feeder. Depending on the method of attachment, this area can be made smooth as shown in the figure or provided with holes or a three-dimensional surface structure, in particular a peripheral circumferential widening, which makes it possible to detect with a hook or gripper.
- the left starting material has six, the middle five and the right eight batches (1).
- the individual batches (1) are separated by notches in triangular form. These indentations can be produced, for example, without material loss via a punch.
- the intermediate starting material the individual charges (1) are spaced by wider areas of reduced cross-section.
- Such an embodiment can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner by twisting off a cylindrical rod.
- the right-hand starting material has narrow circumferential cuts for the division of the individual batches (1).
- the structure is thus as in the middle starting material, the distances are only reduced and the cross-section of the reduced cross-sectional areas is further reduced. By the further reduced Cross-section, a better restriction of the induced eddy currents and lower heat conduction can be achieved to compensate for the shorter distance.
- FIG. 2 shows the section of the lowest three charges (1) of the middle starting material from FIG. 1.
- the lowest charge (1) is within the influence of electromagnetic alternating fields (melting range) which are generated with the aid of the coils (2).
- Below the batch (1) is an empty mold, which is held by a holder in the filling area (not shown).
- a ferromagnetic element (3) is arranged below the batch (1).
- the batch (1) is melted and levitated in the process of the invention. After melting the batch (1), the remaining starting material is pulled up and the melt overheated. Thereafter, the melt is poured into the mold and finally removed the solidified cast body from the mold.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2020125375A RU2736273C1 (ru) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Способ левитационной плавки |
KR1020207025504A KR102226483B1 (ko) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | 부양 용해 방법 |
JP2020552273A JP6883152B1 (ja) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | 浮揚熔解法 |
EP19721225.1A EP3586568B1 (de) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Schwebeschmelzverfahren |
US17/048,842 US11370020B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Levitation melting process |
PL19721225T PL3586568T3 (pl) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Sposób topienia lewitacyjnego |
CN201980014882.8A CN111742615B (zh) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | 悬浮熔化过程 |
SI201930022T SI3586568T1 (sl) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Postopek lebdilnega taljenja |
ES19721225T ES2845253T3 (es) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Procedimiento de fusión en suspensión |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018109592.9A DE102018109592A1 (de) | 2018-04-20 | 2018-04-20 | Schwebeschmelzverfahren |
DE102018109592.9 | 2018-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019202111A1 true WO2019202111A1 (de) | 2019-10-24 |
Family
ID=66379883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2019/060168 WO2019202111A1 (de) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-04-18 | Schwebeschmelzverfahren |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11370020B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3586568B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6883152B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102226483B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111742615B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018109592A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2845253T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL3586568T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT3586568T (de) |
RU (1) | RU2736273C1 (de) |
SI (1) | SI3586568T1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI727304B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019202111A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021125159A1 (de) | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-30 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Feingussbauteils |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE422004C (de) | 1925-11-23 | Otto Muck Dipl Ing | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen, insbesondere von Leitern u. dgl. durch elektrische Induktionsstroeme | |
US2686864A (en) | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials |
US4578552A (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1986-03-25 | Inductotherm Corporation | Levitation heating using single variable frequency power supply |
EP0747648A1 (de) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-12-11 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Schwebenschmelzverfahren und Schmelz- und Giessverfahren |
EP0935006A1 (de) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-08-11 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Erschmelzen von Legierungen reaktiver Metalle |
WO2009064731A2 (en) * | 2007-11-17 | 2009-05-22 | Inductotherm Corp. | Melting and mixing of materials in a crucible by electric induction heel process |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1399769A (en) * | 1917-11-24 | 1921-12-13 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Soldering-strip |
GB1013851A (en) * | 1963-01-31 | 1965-12-22 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements in and relating to the production of metal castings |
JP3041080B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-19 | 2000-05-15 | 電気興業株式会社 | 精密鋳造装置 |
JP2783193B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-08-06 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | レビテーション溶解法及びレビテーション溶解・鋳造装置 |
JP3992376B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-24 | 2007-10-17 | インターメタリックス株式会社 | 粉末成形方法 |
US20020170696A1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-21 | Ron Akers | Apparatus for molding metals |
DE102010024883A1 (de) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Zenergy Power Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Metallstücken |
DE102013114811B3 (de) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-12-31 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Behandeln von metallischem Material |
CN103862046B (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-01-20 | 曹炜喜 | 一种电磁调制熔融发射装置 |
DE102015107258B3 (de) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-08-04 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ingots |
DE102017100836B4 (de) | 2017-01-17 | 2020-06-18 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Gießverfahren |
CN107012290B (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2019-02-19 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种高氮奥氏体不锈钢的制备方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-04-20 DE DE102018109592.9A patent/DE102018109592A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-04-16 TW TW108113182A patent/TWI727304B/zh active
- 2019-04-18 PT PT197212251T patent/PT3586568T/pt unknown
- 2019-04-18 RU RU2020125375A patent/RU2736273C1/ru active
- 2019-04-18 WO PCT/EP2019/060168 patent/WO2019202111A1/de unknown
- 2019-04-18 KR KR1020207025504A patent/KR102226483B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-04-18 ES ES19721225T patent/ES2845253T3/es active Active
- 2019-04-18 US US17/048,842 patent/US11370020B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-18 SI SI201930022T patent/SI3586568T1/sl unknown
- 2019-04-18 CN CN201980014882.8A patent/CN111742615B/zh active Active
- 2019-04-18 JP JP2020552273A patent/JP6883152B1/ja active Active
- 2019-04-18 EP EP19721225.1A patent/EP3586568B1/de active Active
- 2019-04-18 PL PL19721225T patent/PL3586568T3/pl unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE422004C (de) | 1925-11-23 | Otto Muck Dipl Ing | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen, insbesondere von Leitern u. dgl. durch elektrische Induktionsstroeme | |
US2686864A (en) | 1951-01-17 | 1954-08-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials |
US4578552A (en) | 1985-08-01 | 1986-03-25 | Inductotherm Corporation | Levitation heating using single variable frequency power supply |
EP0747648A1 (de) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-12-11 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Schwebenschmelzverfahren und Schmelz- und Giessverfahren |
DE69617103T2 (de) | 1995-05-19 | 2002-06-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Schwebenschmelzverfahren und Schmelz- und Giessverfahren |
EP0935006A1 (de) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-08-11 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Erschmelzen von Legierungen reaktiver Metalle |
WO2009064731A2 (en) * | 2007-11-17 | 2009-05-22 | Inductotherm Corp. | Melting and mixing of materials in a crucible by electric induction heel process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210146431A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
ES2845253T3 (es) | 2021-07-26 |
TW201944434A (zh) | 2019-11-16 |
DE102018109592A1 (de) | 2019-10-24 |
SI3586568T1 (sl) | 2021-07-30 |
US11370020B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 |
KR102226483B1 (ko) | 2021-03-11 |
PL3586568T3 (pl) | 2021-06-28 |
JP6883152B1 (ja) | 2021-06-09 |
CN111742615B (zh) | 2021-06-29 |
EP3586568A1 (de) | 2020-01-01 |
KR20200116154A (ko) | 2020-10-08 |
CN111742615A (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
EP3586568B1 (de) | 2020-12-16 |
TWI727304B (zh) | 2021-05-11 |
JP2021515374A (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
PT3586568T (pt) | 2021-01-21 |
RU2736273C1 (ru) | 2020-11-13 |
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