WO2019201230A1 - 一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法 - Google Patents

一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019201230A1
WO2019201230A1 PCT/CN2019/082836 CN2019082836W WO2019201230A1 WO 2019201230 A1 WO2019201230 A1 WO 2019201230A1 CN 2019082836 W CN2019082836 W CN 2019082836W WO 2019201230 A1 WO2019201230 A1 WO 2019201230A1
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algae
floating
water
cage
culture
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PCT/CN2019/082836
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English (en)
French (fr)
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史小丽
陈开宁
张民
阳振
于洋
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中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所
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Priority to US17/047,410 priority Critical patent/US11230483B2/en
Publication of WO2019201230A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201230A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the water environment control and cyanobacteria bloom control technology watershed in the field of environmental science and ecology, and particularly relates to a method for systematically controlling the rapid proliferation of spring cyanobacteria cells in lakes.
  • the control methods of lake cyanobacteria bloom include mechanical algae removal, modified clay algae removal, fish control algae, plant algae inhibition, microbial algae control, preparation algae removal, etc.
  • the commonly used methods are emergency salvage measures, including manual salvage,
  • the cyanobacteria salvage vessel, the algae platform and the algae water separation station are used for the collection and disposal of cyanobacteria blooms.
  • the treatment method is emergency and passive control, which fails to effectively change the lake cyanobacteria.
  • the application effect of the above other methods is also not ideal. The main reason is that the current control cyanobacteria adopts single-item technology, ignoring the optimized combination and integration of technology, and no system solution is formed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for systematically controlling the rapid proliferation of spring cyanobacteria cells in lakes, which is coupled with physical isolation, chemical treatment, fish control algae, biological floating island algae control, plant algae inhibition, microbial algae control and the like.
  • Algae technology can strengthen the rapid proliferation of cyanobacterial cells in the spring and early summer, and reduce the frequency and area of cyanobacterial blooms in summer.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for controlling rapid proliferation of cyanobacterial cells in lake springs comprising:
  • Algae is killed by H 2 O 2 , and then the algae cells are adsorbed by the modified soil;
  • An ecological floating island is arranged in the closed water area, wherein the ecological floating island is composed of a floating plant floating bed, a culture cage and a biofilm; a floating cage is arranged under the floating bed, and the filter-feeding fish and shellfish are cultured; Biofilm, naturally growing plexus;
  • Snails are placed at the bottom of the lake in the waters of the algae control area.
  • the flexible enclosure is used to close the controlled water area, and the influence of exogenous sewage or adjacent water cyanobacteria on the control of the water body is intercepted, which is convenient for effective control of rapidly proliferating cyanobacteria.
  • the algae control measures for the rapid growth period of cyanobacteria are carried out from March to June each year; the sediments are treated with environmentally friendly chemical compound FeCl 3 +CaCO 3 combined with Ca(NO 3 ) 2 to control endogenous nutrition.
  • the salt is released; then the H 2 O 2 is used to kill the algae, and then the modified soil is used to adsorb and settle the algae cells; finally, the algae control is carried out by combining the biological control of algae, the control of algae by biological floating islands, the inhibition of algae by plants, and the control of algae by microorganisms.
  • the flexible enclosure structure comprises a floating body, a skirt body and a weight; the upper end of the skirt body is connected with the floating body, and the lower end is connected with the weight to form the flexible enclosure, which needs to be protected to control the water area; the weight is Stone cage or salon, with heavy weight buried in the sediment.
  • the FeCl 3 , CaCO 3 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 treat the deposit by first injecting 40% FeCl 3 + CaCO 3 into the surface sediment such that the Fe 3+ reaches about 300 g/m 2 .
  • 50% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 is injected into the surface sediment to make NO 3 -N reach 10-12g/m 2 , control the release of phosphorus from the sediment, and provide an electron donor to promote the denitrification process to achieve nitrogen removal. efficacy.
  • the algae cells are killed by using H 2 O 2 at a concentration of 10-15 mg/L, and then the 15-30 mg/L chitosan-modified soil is added to the water body to adsorb the sedimentation algae cells;
  • the floating plant floating bed is made of a combination of water peanut, gar, and ryegrass; wherein the water peanut is a group of species, and the gar is broiled and ryegrass, and is planted at 6:2:2.
  • the floating plant floating bed can be used for shading and controlling algae, reducing water body nutrients and inhibiting algae, and utilizing allelochemicals secreted by plant roots to inhibit algae.
  • a culture cage is arranged under the floating bed of the plant, and the filter feeder fish and shellfish are cultured in the culture cage; the filter feeder fish is selected from white carp, and the culture density is controlled at 100-150 g/m 3 ;
  • the type is selected from the non-concave ridge, the pleated crown or the spinnaker, and the breeding density is controlled at 300-400 g/m 2 .
  • the culture cage has a height of 0.6-1 m, a length of 5-8 m, and a width of 3-4 m, and is connected to the plant floating bed by a polyethylene rope.
  • the small plant cage is easy to install and transport on site, while the culture cage is connected to the plant floating bed with polyethylene rope to facilitate separation from the plant floating bed to harvest fish.
  • a plastic net or a composite filler/elastic filler or a branch/bamboo branch is used to construct the suspended biofilm; when the plastic mesh is used, the plastic mesh is separated by a film of 15-20 cm; when the composite filler or the elastic filler is used to hang the film
  • the packing density is 25-35 pieces/m 2 ; it can be filled when the branches/bamboo branches are used; the biofilm is suspended to the bottom of the water.
  • the biofilm is suspended at the lower end of the culture cage for the growth of beneficial microorganisms and snails, and the algae removal effect is increased.
  • the surface of the biofilm gradually grows naturally (periflora, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, etc.), secretes extracellular polymers, adsorbs suspended matter, and finally forms a membrane mainly composed of biological, organic and inorganic substances.
  • adsorbing nutrients in water releasing allelochemicals, providing a breeding ground for zooplankton, protozoa and benthic animals, providing food and shelter for fish, spawning places, shading, changing hydrological hydrodynamic fields of water bodies, etc.
  • all biofilms are suspended to the bottom to facilitate the habitat of benthic snails.
  • the round snail is placed in the water body of the control area, and the settled cyanobacteria debris and fish feces are fed, and the density is 200-300 g/m 2 .
  • the method of the invention integrates physical, biological and chemical methods to form a common control of exogenous, endogenous and cyanobacteria, and a plurality of algae control means synergistically, and can efficiently, rapidly and permanently control the rapid proliferation of cyanobacterial cells in the lake in spring, and is a lake.
  • the cyanobacterial bloom control of water bodies such as reservoirs and rivers provides technical support.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
  • the three control waters are closed by a flexible enclosure, each water area is 600m 2 , and the total area is 1800m 2 .
  • the algae control measures for the rapid growth period of the cyanobacteria are carried out; firstly, 40% FeCl 3 + CaCO 3 is injected into the surface sediment using environmentally friendly chemical preparations, so that the Fe 3+ reaches about 300 g/m 2 . 50% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was injected into the surface sediments, and NO 3 -N reached 10 g/m 2 to control the release of phosphorus from the sediment and promote the surface denitrification process.
  • the algae cells are killed by using H 2 O 2 at a concentration of 10 mg/L, and then the 20 mg/L chitosan-modified soil is added to the water body to adsorb the sedimented algae cells;
  • the floating area of the floating area is 3m ⁇ 5m, and the floating bed plant is a floating bed for the water peanut, gar, ryegrass combined community.
  • the water peanut is a group of plants, and the peanuts are planted at 6:2:2. Breeding gar and ryegrass;
  • the combined culture cage is installed under the floating bed of the plant, and the culture standard is 250-500g/tail white peony and the hornless scorpion-controlled algae, and the size is 1m, the length is 5m and the width is 3m.
  • the density of white carp culture is controlled at 100-150g/m 3
  • the density of the hornless ridge is controlled at 300-400g/m 2 ;
  • the biofilm is suspended at the lower end of the culture cage, and the surrounding fillers (algae, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, etc.) are naturally grown by using a composite filler or an elastic filler to naturally form a membrane, and the density of the combined filler or elasticity is 25-35/ m 2 ;
  • the three control waters are closed by a flexible enclosure, each water area is 100 m 2 , and the total area is 300 m 2 .
  • the algae control measures for the rapid growth period of the cyanobacteria are carried out; firstly, 40% FeCl 3 + CaCO 3 is injected into the surface sediment using environmentally friendly chemical preparations, so that the Fe 3+ reaches about 300 g/m 2 . 50% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was injected into the surface sediments, and NO 3 -N reached 12g/m 2 , which controlled the release of phosphorus from the sediment and promoted the surface denitrification process.
  • the algae cells are killed by using H 2 O 2 at a concentration of 15 mg/L, and then the 15 mg/L chitosan-modified soil is added to the water body to adsorb the sedimented algae cells;
  • a floating bed of floating plants with a length and width of 4m ⁇ 6m is set.
  • the floating bed plants are plant floating beds for the water peanut, gar, ryegrass combined community, wherein the water peanuts are built species, and the water peanuts are planted at 6:2:2. Breeding gar and ryegrass;
  • the combined culture cage is installed under the floating bed of the plant, and the culture standard is 250-500g/tail white carp and the hornless scorpion-controlled algae, and the size is 0.6m, the length is 6m and the width is 4m. It is used to filter algae in water, the density of white carp culture is controlled at 100-150g/m 3 , and the density of scorpion scorpion is controlled at 300-400g/m 2 ;
  • the biofilm is suspended at the lower end of the culture cage, and the plastic net is used to naturally grow the surrounding forests (algae, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, etc.), so that it naturally forms a membrane, and the plastic mesh is 15-20 cm apart;
  • the combination of plant floating bed, culture cage and biofilm constitutes about 50% of the water area covered by the algae ecological floating island.
  • the monitoring results from April to August showed that compared with the water outside the control area, the algae density and biomass in the control area decreased by 76% and 65% respectively.
  • the cyanobacteria bloom did not occur in the control area during the test period; the transparency of the water body reached 1.2m or more ( transparency control regions outside only about 25cm), water TN, TP, COD Mn concentration decreased by 30% -37%, 40% -51% and 35% to 43%, the effect is significant.
  • a controlled enclosure is enclosed by a flexible enclosure with a water area of 10,000 m 2 .
  • the effect of governance was observed until September.
  • the algae control measures for the rapid growth period of the cyanobacteria are carried out; firstly, 40% FeCl 3 + CaCO 3 is injected into the surface sediment using environmentally friendly chemical preparations, so that the Fe 3+ reaches about 300 g/m 2 . 50% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was injected into the surface sediments, and NO 3 -N reached 11 g/m 2 to control the release of phosphorus from the sediment and promote the surface denitrification process.
  • the algae cells are killed by using H 2 O 2 at a concentration of 12 mg/L, and then 30 mg/L of chitosan-modified soil is added to the water body to adsorb the sedimented algae cells;
  • the floating bed plants are plant floating beds for the water peanut, gar, and ryegrass combined communities.
  • the water peanuts are built and planted at 6:2:2. Water peanut, breeding gar and ryegrass;
  • the culture specification is 250-500g/tail white carp and the hornless scorpion-controlled algae.
  • the size is 0.8m, the length is 8m and the width is 3.5m.
  • the density of white carp culture is controlled at 100-150g/m 3
  • the density of scorpion scorpion is controlled at 300-400g/m 2 ;
  • the biofilm is suspended at the lower end of the culture cage, and the branches/bamboo branches are naturally used to grow the surrounding plexus (algae, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, etc.), so that the film is naturally formed, and the branches/bamboo branches are filled when the film is hung;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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Abstract

一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法，包括采用柔性围隔封闭控制水域，采用FeCl 3、CaCO 3和Ca(NO 3) 2处理沉积物；采用H 2O 2杀藻，之后利用改性土壤吸附沉降藻细胞；在封闭水域中设置生态浮岛，所述生态浮岛由漂浮植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成；漂浮植物浮床下设置养殖网箱，养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，自然生长周丛生物；在控藻区水域湖底投放螺类。

Description

一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法 技术领域
本发明属于环境科学、生态学领域的水环境治理与蓝藻水华控制技术流域，具体涉及一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法。
背景技术
我国湖泊环境问题严重，特别是水体富营养化问题，据调查我国超过40％的湖泊存在富营养化，蓝藻水华持续暴发，水质和生态环境恶化未得到明显遏制，影响供水安全。近年来，尽管政府已加大治理力度，如太湖、巢湖等重要湖泊水体中氮磷及COD有了一定的下降，但是蓝藻水华暴发的频次和规模仍然未减，大量蓝藻堆积湖滨带和重要湖湾，腐烂发臭，并诱发次生生态灾害。目前湖泊蓝藻水华的控制方法包括机械除藻、改性粘土除藻、鱼类控藻、植物抑藻、微生物控藻、制剂除藻等，其中常用的方法是应急打捞措施，包括人工打捞、利用蓝藻打捞船、捞藻平台和藻水分离站等进行蓝藻水华的收集处置，尽管在防范次生灾害方面起到一定作用，但该处理方法是应急和被动控制，未能有效改变湖泊蓝藻水华频发的现象。上述其他方法的应用效果也不够理想，主要原因是当前控制蓝藻多采用单项技术，忽略了技术的优化组合、集成运用，未形成系统解决方案。针对湖泊、水库等是一类水域生态系统，其治理没有“一招鲜”的灵丹妙药，必须采用系统的方法、整装集成技术才能取得显著成效。近年来的研究表明，蓝藻冬季会在底泥表面“休眠”越冬，春季复苏生长，上浮至水表层进行快速增殖，并导致在春末和整个夏季、甚至直到秋季末蓝藻水华大面积暴发，其中蓝藻水华暴发的关键过程是其春季复苏并快速生长期，若采取有效方法控制春季蓝藻快速增殖，可以在水华夏季暴发前预先压制其发展势头，显著削减水华发生的频次和面积。然而目前有关春季蓝藻快速生长期治理技术几乎未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法，耦合了物理隔离、化学制剂处理、鱼类控藻、生物浮岛控藻、植物抑藻、微生物控藻等多种控藻技术，可强化控制春季夏初蓝藻细胞快速增殖，减少夏季蓝藻水华暴发的频次和面积。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法，包括：
确定控藻区水域，采用柔性围隔封闭控制水域；
采用FeCl 3、CaCO 3和Ca(NO 3) 2处理沉积物；
采用H 2O 2杀藻，之后利用改性土壤吸附沉降藻细胞；
在封闭水域中设置生态浮岛，所述生态浮岛由漂浮植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成；漂浮植物浮床下设置养殖网箱，养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，自然生长周丛生物；
在控藻区水域湖底投放螺类。
首先依据湖泊现场调查和实际需求，确定要保护和控制的水域位置和范围，同时确定越冬蓝藻复苏并快速增殖的水域，针对性开展控制；
确定保护控制区后，采用柔性围隔封闭控制水域，截断外源性污水或邻近水域蓝藻对控制水体的影响，便于对快速增殖的蓝藻开展有效控制。
完成控制区水域封闭后，于每年3-6月份实施蓝藻快速生长期的控藻措施；利用环境友好化学制剂FeCl 3+CaCO 3联合Ca(NO 3) 2对沉积物进行处置，控制内源营养盐释放；之后采用H 2O 2杀藻，之后利用改性土壤吸附沉降藻细胞；最后联合鱼类控藻、生物浮岛控藻、植物抑藻、微生物控藻等生物手段进行控藻。
进一步的，所述柔性围隔结构包括浮体、裙体和配重块；裙体上端连接浮体，下端连接配重块形成所述柔性围隔，将需要保护控制水域封闭；所述配重块为石笼或沙龙，配重块埋入底泥。
进一步的，所述FeCl 3、CaCO 3和Ca(NO 3) 2处理沉积物的方式为，先将40％FeCl 3+CaCO 3注射至表层沉积物中，使得Fe 3+达到300g/m 2左右，再将50％Ca(NO 3) 2注射至表层沉积物中，使NO 3-N达到10-12g/m 2，控制底泥磷释放，同时提供电子供体促进反硝化过程，实现脱氮功效。
进一步的，采用浓度为10-15mg/L的H 2O 2杀灭藻细胞，之后将15-30mg/L的壳聚糖改性土壤投加水体中，吸附沉降藻细胞；
进一步的，所述漂浮植物浮床采用水花生、雀稗、黑麦草组合群落制作；其中水花生为建群种，配种雀稗和黑麦草，按6:2:2配植。漂浮植物浮床可用于遮光控藻，削减水体营养盐抑藻，利用植物根系分泌的化感物质抑藻。
进一步的，植物浮床下设置养殖网箱，所述养殖网箱内养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；所述滤食性鱼类选用白鲢，养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3；滤食性贝类选用背角无齿蚌、褶纹冠蚌或三角帆蚌，养殖密度控制在300-400g/m 2。优选的，养殖网箱尺寸为高0.6-1m、长5-8m、宽3-4m，通过聚乙烯绳与植物浮床相连。小型的植物网箱便于现场安装和运输，同时养殖网箱用聚乙烯 绳与植物浮床连接，方便与植物浮床分离来收获鱼类。
进一步的，养殖网箱下端采用塑料网或组合填料/弹性填料或树枝/竹枝构建悬挂生物膜；采用塑料网挂膜时，塑料网间隔15-20cm挂膜；采用组合填料或弹性填料挂膜时，填料密度为25-35个/m 2；采用树枝/竹枝挂膜时可以填满；所述生物膜悬挂至水底。养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜供有益微生物和螺类栖息生长，增加除藻效果。生物膜表面逐渐自然生长周丛生物(藻类、原生动物、真菌、细菌等)，并分泌胞外聚合物、吸附悬浮物，最终形成一层以生物、有机物和无机物为主的膜状物，通过吸附水体中的营养物质，释放化感物质，为浮游动物、原生动物和底栖动物提供繁衍生息场所，为鱼类提供食物和庇护、产卵场所，遮光，改变水体的水文水动力场等等，从而改善水质，提高水体透明度，抑制藻类生长繁殖，进而达到控制藻类水华暴发的目的；所有生物膜悬挂至水底，方便底栖动物螺类攀爬栖息。
进一步的，将上述组合的生态浮岛制作完成后，利用木桩和聚乙烯绳固定；生态浮岛覆盖水域面积要求达到30％-50％。
进一步的，向控制区水体中投放圆田螺，摄食沉降的蓝藻碎屑和鱼类粪便，投放密度为200-300g/m 2。
本发明的方法将物理、生物和化学方法集成协同运用，形成外源、内源、蓝藻共同控制，多种控藻手段协同作用，可以高效、快速、持久控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖，为湖泊、水库、河流等水体蓝藻水华控制提供了技术支撑。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
2017年3-6月，选择巢湖西半湖半封闭的圩堰内开展蓝藻快速生长期藻类控制技术示范。
采用柔性围隔封闭3个控制水域，每个水域面积为600m 2，合计面积1800m 2。
完成控制区水域封闭后，实施蓝藻快速生长期的控藻措施；先利用环境友好化学制剂，将40％FeCl 3+CaCO 3注射至表层沉积物中，使得Fe 3+达到300g/m 2左右，再将50％Ca(NO 3) 2注射至表层沉积物中，NO 3-N达到10g/m 2，控制底泥磷释放，促进沉积物表面脱氮过程；
上述措施完成后，采用浓度为10mg/L的H 2O 2杀灭藻细胞，然后将20mg/L的壳聚糖改性土壤投加水体中，吸附沉降藻细胞；
控制区水域设置长宽为3m×5m的漂浮植物浮床，浮床植物为水花生、雀稗、黑麦草组合群落制作植物浮床，其中水花生为建群种，按6:2:2种植水花生、配种雀稗和黑麦草；
植物浮床制作完成后，在植物浮床下安装组合养殖网箱，养殖规格为250-500g/尾白鲢和背角无齿蚌控藻，尺寸为高1m、长5m和宽3m的养殖网箱，用以滤食水体中藻类，白鲢养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3，背角无齿蚌的密度控制在300-400g/m 2；
养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，采用组合填料或弹性填料自然生长周丛生物(藻类、原生动物、真菌、细菌等)，使之自然形成膜状物，组合填料或弹性的密度25-35个/m 2；
植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成的组合净化控藻生态浮岛覆盖水域面积近40％。
最后向控制区水体中投放圆田螺，摄食沉降的蓝藻碎屑和鱼类粪便，投放密度为250g/m 2。
4-6月份监测结果表明，与控制区外水体对比，控制区内藻类密度和生物量分别下降60％和80％以上，试验阶段控制区内未发生蓝藻水华；水体透明度达到1m以上(控制区外透明度仅为30cm左右)，水体TN、TP、COD Mn浓度分别下降28％-35％、32％-48％和55％-60％，效果显著。
实施例2
2015年3-6月，选择中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所太湖站实验围隔开展蓝藻快速生长期藻类控制技术验证。治理效果观测至8月份。
采用柔性围隔封闭3个控制水域，每个水域面积为100m 2，合计面积300m 2。
完成控制区水域封闭后，实施蓝藻快速生长期的控藻措施；先利用环境友好化学制剂，将40％FeCl 3+CaCO 3注射至表层沉积物中，使得Fe 3+达到300g/m 2左右，再将50％Ca(NO 3) 2注射至表层沉积物中，NO 3-N达到12g/m 2，控制底泥磷释放，促进沉积物表面脱氮过程；
上述措施完成后，采用浓度为15mg/L的H 2O 2杀灭藻细胞，然后将15mg/L的壳聚糖改性土壤投加水体中，吸附沉降藻细胞；
控制区水域设置长宽为4m×6m的漂浮植物浮床，浮床植物为水花生、雀稗、黑麦草组合群落制作植物浮床，其中水花生为建群种，按6:2:2种植水花生、配种雀稗和黑麦草；
植物浮床制作完成后，在植物浮床下安装组合养殖网箱，养殖规格为250-500g/尾白鲢和背角无齿蚌控藻，尺寸为高0.6m、长6m和宽4m的养殖网箱，用以滤食水体中藻类，白鲢养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3，背角无齿蚌的密度控制在300-400g/m 2；
养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，采用塑料网自然生长周丛生物(藻类、原生动物、真菌、细菌等)，使之自然形成膜状物，塑料网间隔15-20cm挂膜；
植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成的组合净化控藻生态浮岛覆盖水域面积约50％。
最后向控制区水体中投放圆田螺，摄食沉降的蓝藻碎屑和鱼类粪便，投放密度为200g/m 2。
4-8月份监测结果表明，与控制区外水体对比，控制区内藻类密度和生物量分别下降76％和65％以上，试验阶段控制区内未发生蓝藻水华；水体透明度达到1.2m以上(控制区外透明度仅为25cm左右)，水体TN、TP、COD Mn浓度分别下降30％-37％、40％-51％和35％-43％，效果显著。
实施例3
2016年3-6月，选择巢湖南淝河入湖口水域开展蓝藻快速生长期藻类控制技术示范。
采用柔性围隔封闭1个控制水域，水域面积为10000m 2。治理效果观测至9月份。
完成控制区水域封闭后，实施蓝藻快速生长期的控藻措施；先利用环境友好化学制剂，将40％FeCl 3+CaCO 3注射至表层沉积物中，使得Fe 3+达到300g/m 2左右，再将50％Ca(NO 3) 2注射至表层沉积物中，NO 3-N达到11g/m 2，控制底泥磷释放，促进沉积物表面脱氮过程；
上述措施完成后，采用浓度为12mg/L的H 2O 2杀灭藻细胞，然后将30mg/L的壳聚糖改性土壤投加水体中，吸附沉降藻细胞；
控制区水域设置长宽为3.5m×8m的漂浮植物浮床96个，浮床植物为水花生、雀稗、黑麦草组合群落制作植物浮床，其中水花生为建群种，按6:2:2种植水花生、配种雀稗和黑麦草；
植物浮床制作完成后，在植物浮床下安装组合养殖网箱，养殖规格为250-500g/尾白鲢和背角无齿蚌控藻，尺寸为高0.8m、长8m和宽3.5m的养殖网箱，用以滤食水体中藻类，白鲢养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3，背角无齿蚌的密度控制在300-400g/m 2；
养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，采用树枝/竹枝自然生长周丛生物(藻类、原生动物、真菌、细菌等)，使之自然形成膜状物，树枝/竹枝挂膜时填满；
植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成的组合净化控藻生态浮岛覆盖水域面积近30％。
最后向控制区水体中投放圆田螺，摄食沉降的蓝藻碎屑和鱼类粪便，投放密度为300g/m 2。4-9月份监测结果表明，与控制区外水体对比，控制区内藻类密度和生物量分别下降63％和55％以上，试验阶段控制区内未发生蓝藻水华；水体透明度达到0.8m以上(控制区外透明度仅为30cm左右)，水体TN、TP、COD Mn浓度分别下降26％-34％、34％-43％和42％-55％，效果显著。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种系统控制湖泊春季蓝藻细胞快速增殖的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定控藻区水域，采用柔性围隔封闭控制水域；
    采用FeCl 3、CaCO 3和Ca(NO 3) 2处理沉积物；
    采用H 2O 2杀藻，之后利用改性土壤吸附沉降藻细胞；
    在封闭水域中设置生态浮岛，所述生态浮岛由漂浮植物浮床、养殖网箱和生物膜组成；漂浮植物浮床下设置养殖网箱，养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；养殖网箱下端悬挂生物膜，自然生长周丛生物；
    在控藻区水域湖底投放螺类。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述柔性围隔结构包括浮体、裙体和配重块；裙体上端连接浮体，下端连接配重块形成所述柔性围隔，将需要保护控制水域封闭；所述配重块为石笼或沙龙，配重块埋入底泥。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，先将40％FeCl 3和CaCO 3注射至表层沉积物中，使得Fe 3+达到300g/m 2左右，再将50％Ca(NO 3) 2注射至表层沉积物中，使NO 3-N达到10-12g/m 2，控制底泥磷释放。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，先采用浓度为10-15mg/L的H 2O 2杀灭蓝藻细胞，然后将15-30mg/L的壳聚糖改性土壤投加水体中，吸附沉降藻细胞。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述漂浮植物浮床采用水花生、雀稗、黑麦草组合群落制作；其中水花生为建群种，配种雀稗和黑麦草，按6:2:2配植。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述养殖网箱尺寸为高0.6-1m、长5-8m、宽3-4m，通过聚乙烯绳与植物浮床相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述养殖网箱内养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；所述滤食性鱼类选用白鲢，养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3；滤食性贝类选用背角无齿蚌、褶纹冠蚌或三角帆蚌，养殖密度控制在300-400g/m 2。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述养殖网箱内养殖滤食性鱼类和贝类；所述滤食性鱼类选用白鲢，养殖密度控制在100-150g/m 3；滤食性贝类选用背角无齿蚌、褶纹冠蚌或三角帆蚌，养殖密度控制在300-400g/m 2。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，养殖网箱下端采用塑料网或组合填料/弹性填料或树枝/竹枝构建悬挂生物膜；采用塑料网挂膜时，塑料网间隔15-20cm挂膜；采用组合 填料或弹性填料挂膜时，填料密度为25-35个/m 2；采用树枝/竹枝挂膜时可以填满；所述生物膜悬挂至水底。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生态浮岛覆盖水域面积达到30％-50％。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，湖底螺类的投放密度为200-300g/m 2。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述螺类选用圆田螺。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述螺类选用圆田螺。
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