WO2019196710A1

WO2019196710A1 - Device for continuously sampling ocean surface water

Info

Publication number: WO2019196710A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/081034
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张浩然; 张志平; 李杨
Original assignee: 自然资源部第一海洋研究所
Priority date: 2018-04-13
Filing date: 2019-04-02
Publication date: 2019-10-17
Also published as: CN108548696B; CN108548696A; ZA202004371B

Abstract

Disclosed is a device (4) for continuously sampling ocean surface water (3). The device (4) comprises a transverse beam (5) liftable vertically along a side (2) of a vessel, wherein a sampling tube (6) for sampling the surface water (3) by sucking and a hydraulic cylinder (7) for driving the transverse beam (5) to rise and fall to make the sampling tube (6) reach the surface water (3) are fixed on the transverse beam (5); and the transverse beam (5) is provided with a buffer mechanism (8) for preventing damage to the sampling tube (6) due to continuous resistance generated by seawater when a hull (1) is travelling. The device can not only effectively ensure the accurate acquiring of the surface water (3), but also realize continuous collection during the voyage of a research vessel. The buffer mechanism (8) not only effectively prevents axial and radial damage to the sampling tube (6) due to the action of continuous flow resistance on the sampling tube (6), but also can achieve the alleviation of the resistance, thereby prolonging the service life of the sampling device (4).

Description

Ocean surface water continuous sampling device

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of scientific research vessels, in particular to a marine surface water continuous sampling device.

Background technique

Microplastics, a plastic particle less than 5 mm in diameter, are a major carrier of pollution. The microplastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and the like. The small size of the microplastic means that the higher specific surface area (specific surface area refers to the surface area per unit mass of the porous solid material), the larger the specific surface area, the stronger the ability to adsorb contaminants. First, there are a large number of persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and bisphenol A in the environment (these organic pollutants are often hydrophobic, that is, they are not easily dissolved in water, so they often cannot be free with water flow. Flow), once the microplastics meet these contaminants, they just aggregate to form an organic contaminated sphere. Microplastics are equivalent to mounts that become contaminants, and they can wander around in the environment.

The UNEP 2014 Yearbook and the Value of Assessing Plastics report indicate that plastic pollution threatens the survival of marine life and the development of tourism, fisheries and commerce. It has attracted people's attention to micro-plastics.

The size of the wandering micro-plastics is generally less than 5mm, and it is easy to be eaten by the "low-end" food chain organisms such as zooplankton, benthic organisms, fish, mussels in the marine environment, and the micro-plastics cannot be digested. Ingestion can only exist in the stomach, occupying space, causing the animal to become sick or even die; and if the micro-plastic with organic pollutants is eaten, the damage to these planktons is even worse, the pollutants are It is released by the action of enzymes in the living body, which aggravates its condition. On the one hand, it may cause the death of living things, affecting the stability of the ecosystem, on the other hand, it may spread through the food chain and finally appear on the human table. Mussels, zooplankton and other organisms at the bottom of the food chain are eaten by the upper animals, while micro-plastics, even micro-plastics and organic pollutants enter the upper animals. A characteristic of the food chain is the "enrichment" effect, perhaps at the bottom of the animals. The harmful substances in the body are only 1%, but it becomes 20% in the upper layer. This will cause a large number of microplastics to eat or die. The top of the food chain is human, and humans will accumulate a large amount under the influence of enrichment. The micro-plastics in the body, these indigestible small particles have an unpredictable hazard to humans. Microplastics are like PM2.5 in the ocean, threatening the health of marine life and humans. Animal experiments have found that plastic particles can enter tissue cells due to their small particle size, accumulate in animal organs, causing inflammatory reactions, leading to liver damage and endocrine disorders.

In order to control the micro-plastics in the ocean, the first step is to test the composition and content of these micro-plastics, so as to judge the seriousness and main source of pollution, and provide a basis for the next step of treatment. At present, the detection of marine microplastic particles includes PerkinElmer infrared spectroscopy, infrared microscopic imaging system, and transforming microscopic infrared spectroscopy. PerkinElmer infrared spectroscopy and infrared microscopy imaging systems provide powerful support for the inspection process. However, the premise of microplastic testing is to first obtain and filter microplastic particles from ocean surface water. At present, sampling is divided into static sampling and dynamic stern or sideboard sampling. Static sampling is relatively easy to operate, but it is necessary to stop the ship. It is not convenient to collect a large amount of data to evaluate the sea area within a certain range. Dynamic sampling will be caused by the operation of the ship. Seawater creates a constant resistance to the sampling equipment, which puts a high demand on the sampling equipment. However, if it is necessary and necessary to detect and evaluate the pollution status of the water micro-plastics within a certain range by the test results, it is necessary to carry out a continuous average sampling of the sea area, that is, the larger the surface water sampling area of the sea area is, The more accurate the data being characterized, the more constant sampling is required. For example, a variety of deep-sea sampling equipment independently developed by China, such as multi-tube, box, trawl, etc.

The box type is generally used in static sampling. In the dynamic sampling, the position of the box cannot be artificially fixed due to the resistance of water under water, and it is easy to cause friction and impact damage to the hull. The method of trawling is easy to entangle with underwater objects, such as breeding. Zones or some floating objects are also unable to stabilize sampling for long periods of time. At present, the method of continuously sampling the scientific research ship during the navigation process is generally to install one or more sampling tubes on the ship's side, and the sampling tube is extended into the water surface below 20 to 30 cm, and the position is determined by the pumping device through the sampling tube. Surface seawater is collected on the ship, but this sampling method has some problems. First, the scientific research ship has a certain speed during navigation. The sampling pipe will receive continuous resistance of seawater when collecting surface water, which will cause the sampling pipe to generate upward buoyancy. Not only will it affect the position of the sampling tube under water, but also the sampling tube is difficult to fix on the ship's side. Secondly, even if the traditional sampling tube is firmly fixed on the ship's side, the seawater will continue to resist due to the long-term continuous navigation of the scientific research ship. The sampling tube will cause the sampling tube to bend and cause damage. Thirdly, how to stably fix the sampling tube on the ship's side is still a problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adaptive sampling method, which can continuously collect surface water data of a large range of waters, ensure stable sampling process, sample data and required water. The water sample of the layer is accurate and does not delay the navigation time of the scientific research vessel and other oceanographic surface water continuous sampling devices.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a marine surface water continuous sampling device, the device includes a beam that can be lifted up and down along the ship's rail, and a beam for suctioning the surface water is fixed on the beam. a sampling tube, and a hydraulic cylinder for driving the beam to lift and lower the sampling tube to the surface water position, and the buffer beam is provided with a buffer mechanism for avoiding damage to the sampling tube due to continuous resistance of the seawater when the hull is voyaged, the sampling tube and The connecting portion of the beam is provided with an adjusting member that can swing relative to the beam when the sampling tube is subjected to continuous resistance of the seawater. The buffering mechanism includes a buffer chamber disposed on the beam, the buffer chamber includes a buffer chamber, and the sampling tube is disposed in the buffer a cavity and a downwardly extending buffer chamber to a position near the surface of the water, and a support guard assembly for allowing the sampling tube to flexibly swing in the buffer chamber when the continuous resistance of the seawater acts on the sampling tube is disposed around the sampling tube in the buffer chamber. The bottom end of the tube is provided with a depth sensor for detecting the distance of the inlet of the sampling tube from the water surface, and further comprising a controller, The sensor detects the position signal of the water inlet and sends it to the controller. The controller receives the position signal and sends a signal for controlling the working state of the hydraulic cylinder to the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the beam to place the inlet of the sampling tube in the surface water position. After the sampling is finished, the controller sends a stop signal to the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder drives the beam to retract, and the sampling tube leaves the water surface.

In the above marine surface water continuous sampling device, the support protection component comprises a plurality of rubber protection rings arranged in sequence along the outer side of the sampling tube in the axial direction of the sampling tube, and a reduction effect is applied between the rubber protection ring and the buffer inner wall A buffer spring for continuous resistance to seawater on the pipe.

The marine surface water continuous sampling device described above, the sampling tube comprising a rigid dip tube fixed to the buffer chamber, a rigid conveying tube connecting the rigid dip tube, and a flexible output tube connecting the rigid conveying tube to pump the surface water to the ship.

In the above-mentioned marine surface water continuous sampling device, the adjusting component comprises a seat body disposed on the beam, and the ball body is provided with a ball body rotatably connected thereto, and the rigid immersion pipe is rotatably connected to the seat body through the ball body.

In the above marine surface water continuous sampling device, the buffer springs are disposed in plurality, and are evenly circumferentially disposed between the rubber protection ring and the inner wall of the buffer.

In the above-mentioned marine surface water continuous sampling device, the bottom of the buffer chamber is provided with an adjustment hole for allowing the sampling tube to extend out of the buffer chamber, and the aperture of the adjustment hole is set to be 1 to 3 times the outer diameter of the sampling tube.

In the above-mentioned marine surface water continuous sampling device, the hydraulic cylinders are provided two, which are respectively symmetrically disposed on both sides of the sampling tube and fixed on the ship's side.

In the above marine surface water continuous sampling device, the rigid immersion tube is disposed from a top to a bottom in a stepped structure having a gradually decreasing diameter.

The advantage of the marine surface water continuous sampling device of the invention is that the setting of the depth sensor, the controller and the hydraulic cylinder not only ensures the accurate acquisition of the surface water, but also enables continuous collection during the navigation of the scientific research vessel, and the buffer mechanism is effective not only effective. The continuous water flow resistance is avoided to cause damage to the sampling tube in the axial direction and the radial direction of the sampling tube, and the resistance can be alleviated, the service life of the sampling device can be improved, and the automatic control method can be adopted to pass the depth measurement of the depth sensor. The signal adjusts the depth of the sampling tube in the surface water in real time, realizing the purpose of automatically collecting surface water.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view showing the structure of the connection of the sampling tube and the regulating member;

Figure 3 is an enlarged partial view showing the connection of the slow rubber protection ring, the buffer spring and the rigid dip tube;

Figure 4 is a state diagram of the surface water collection process of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, a marine surface water continuous sampling device, the device 4 is mounted on the ship's side 2 of the hull 1, the device 4 comprising a beam 5 which can be lifted up and down along the ship's side 2, in the beam 5 is fixed with a sampling tube 6 for sampling the surface water 3, and a hydraulic cylinder 7 for driving the beam 5 to lift and lower the sampling tube 6 to the surface water 3 position, in order to ensure that the beam 5 is sufficiently stable when lifting, In the embodiment of the invention, two hydraulic cylinders 7 are disposed symmetrically on both sides of the sampling tube 6 and fixed to the ship's side 2. The hydraulic cylinder 7 is a power component commonly used in the prior art and will not be explained here.

The buffer member 8 is provided on the beam 5 to prevent damage to the sampling tube 6 caused by the continuous resistance of the seawater when the hull 1 is sailing. In order to avoid the rigidity of the sampling tube 6 caused by the seawater resistance acting on the sampling tube 6, At the junction of the sampling tube 6 and the beam 5, there is provided an adjusting member 9 which is swingable relative to the beam 5 when the sampling tube 6 is subjected to continuous resistance of seawater, and the buffering mechanism 8 comprises a buffer chamber 10 provided on the beam 5, the buffer chamber 10 includes a buffer chamber 11 disposed in the buffer chamber 11 and extending downwardly from the buffer chamber 10 to a near-water surface position. The sampling tube 6 is disposed in the buffer chamber 10 with continuous resistance of seawater acting on the sampling. The support guard assembly for allowing the sampling tube 6 to swing flexibly in the buffer chamber 11 when the tube 6 is on, the support guard assembly of the present invention comprises a plurality of rubber protection rings 12 arranged in sequence along the outer wall of the sampling tube 6 in the axial direction of the sampling tube 6, A buffer spring 13 that reduces the continuous resistance of the seawater acting on the sampling tube 6 is provided between the rubber guard ring 12 and the inner wall of the buffer chamber 10.

Since the magnitude and direction of the continuous resistance from the seawater during the hull operation are uncertain, the direction of impact on the sampling tube 6 will come from the opposite direction of the hull 4 and the lateral force. Therefore, in order to ensure the position of the sampling tube Constantly, the resistance interference of the sampling tube 6 in all directions is reduced. The buffer spring 13 of the present invention is provided in plurality, uniformly circumferentially disposed between the rubber protection ring 12 and the inner wall of the buffer chamber 10. Irregular vibrations may occur around the axis of the sampling tube 6 when the sampling tube 6 is subjected to the continuous resistance of the seawater. Therefore, an adjustment hole 14 allowing the sampling tube 6 to extend out of the buffer chamber 10 is opened at the bottom of the buffer chamber 10, and the adjustment hole 14 is adjusted. The aperture is set to be 1 to 3 times the outer diameter of the sampling tube.

In order to realize automatic sampling, a depth sensor 15 for detecting the distance of the water inlet of the sampling tube 6 from the water surface is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube 6, and further includes a controller, and the depth sensor 15 detects the position signal of the water inlet. Sending to the controller, the controller receives the position signal and sends a signal for controlling the working state of the hydraulic cylinder 7 to the hydraulic cylinder 7. The hydraulic cylinder 7 pushes the beam 5 to place the water inlet of the sampling tube 6 at the position of the surface water 3, and the sampling ends. The controller then sends a stop signal to the hydraulic cylinder 7, the hydraulic cylinder 7 drives the beam 5 to retract, and the sampling tube 6 rises and leaves the water surface to complete the sampling operation. Generally, the surface water 3 is generally in the range of 20 to 30 cm below the water surface. In order to improve the service life of the sampling tube 6, which facilitates installation and replacement, the sampling tube 6 includes a rigid dip tube 16 fixed to the buffer chamber 10, a rigid delivery tube 17 connected to the rigid dip tube 16, and a surface water pump connecting the rigid delivery tube 17. Suction to the flexible output tube 18 on the ship. In view of the fact that the size of the sampling tube 6 is too large, the influence of the seawater resistance on the sampling tube 6 is increased, and the rigid dip tube 16 is disposed from the top to the bottom in a stepped structure in which the diameter is gradually reduced. The adjusting member comprises a seat body 19 which is arranged on the cross member 5, and a ball body 20 which is rotatably connected thereto is arranged on the seat body 19, and the rigid dip tube 16 is rotatably connected to the seat body 19 via the ball body 20.

Since the hull is in the course of navigation, the resistance of the sampling pipe 6 is basically generated by the seawater in the navigation direction of the hull 1, and the resistance caused by the lateral flow of the sampling pipe 6 is relatively small, and the sampling is basically not performed. The tube 6 causes a substantial influence, and the buffer mechanism 8 can not only reduce the main resistance generated by the seawater in the navigation direction, but also can well adjust the lateral resistance, and can always ensure that the position of the sampling tube 6 is stable.

The above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should make changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

A marine surface water continuous sampling device, characterized in that the device comprises a beam which can be lifted up and down along the ship's rail, a sample pipe for sucking and sampling the surface water is fixed on the beam, and a sample for driving the beam to be lifted and sampled The hydraulic cylinder extending from the pipe to the surface water position is provided with a buffer mechanism on the beam to avoid damage to the sampling pipe caused by the continuous resistance of the seawater when the hull is voyage, and the sampling pipe and the beam are provided with a seawater when the sampling pipe is subjected to the seawater The adjusting member is slidable relative to the beam when the resistance is continuous. The buffer mechanism comprises a buffer chamber disposed on the beam, the buffer chamber includes a buffer chamber, and the sampling tube is disposed in the buffer chamber and extends downwardly from the buffer chamber to the near surface. Positioning, in the buffer chamber, around the sampling tube, a support protection assembly for allowing the sampling tube to swing flexibly in the buffer chamber when the continuous resistance of seawater acts on the sampling tube is provided, and a sampling tube for detecting the sampling tube is installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube a depth sensor of the water inlet from the water surface, further comprising a controller, the depth sensor detecting the position signal of the water inlet Sending to the controller, the controller receives the position signal and sends a signal for controlling the working state of the hydraulic cylinder to the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the beam to place the water inlet of the sampling tube in the surface water position, and the controller sends the stop after the sampling ends. The signal is sent to the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder drives the beam to retract, and the sampling tube leaves the water surface.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the support protection assembly comprises a plurality of rubber protection rings arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the sampling tube on the outer wall of the sampling tube, in the rubber protection ring and the buffer chamber. A buffer spring is provided between the walls to reduce the continuous resistance of the seawater acting on the sampling tube.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the sampling tube comprises a rigid dip tube fixed to the buffer chamber, a rigid conveying tube connecting the rigid dip tube, and a surface water connecting the rigid conveying tube. Pump to the flexible output tube on board.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 3, wherein the adjusting member comprises a seat body disposed on the beam, and the ball body is provided with a ball body rotatably connected thereto, and the rigid dip tube passes through the ball body and the seat body. Turn the connection.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 2, wherein the buffer springs are disposed in plurality, uniformly arranged circumferentially between the rubber protection ring and the inner wall of the buffer.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the buffer chamber is provided with an adjustment hole for allowing the sampling tube to extend out of the buffer chamber, and the aperture of the adjustment hole is set to 1 to the outer diameter of the sampling tube. 3 times.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cylinders are disposed at two sides symmetrically disposed on both sides of the sampling tube and fixed on the ship's side.
The marine surface water continuous sampling device according to claim 3, wherein the rigid immersion tube is disposed from a top to a bottom with a stepped structure having a gradually decreasing diameter.