WO2019196290A1 - 一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196290A1
WO2019196290A1 PCT/CN2018/100358 CN2018100358W WO2019196290A1 WO 2019196290 A1 WO2019196290 A1 WO 2019196290A1 CN 2018100358 W CN2018100358 W CN 2018100358W WO 2019196290 A1 WO2019196290 A1 WO 2019196290A1
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Prior art keywords
nitro
fertilizer
caking agent
powder
fertilizer anti
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PCT/CN2018/100358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王仁宗
杨慧萍
田楠
李淑华
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湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖北富邦科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP18914583.2A priority Critical patent/EP3771705A4/en
Publication of WO2019196290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196290A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of anti-caking treatment of nitro fertilizer, in particular to a nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Anti-caking agents are additives that promote good fluidity of the fertilizer during storage and handling operations.
  • the fertilizer manufacturers mainly adopt the method of coating the anti-caking agent with nitro-fertilizer while improving the process conditions and controlling the particle characteristics, and the anti-caking agent. It can minimize the agglomeration, moisture absorption and pulverization of nitro-fertilizer, increase the fluidity of particles, and facilitate the storage, transportation and use of nitro-fertilizer. Therefore, as a low-cost, high-yield anti-knot Block measures, anti-caking agents are now widely accepted and used by the world's compound fertilizer manufacturers.
  • Oil body anti-caking agents are mostly coated to form a hydrophobic protective film on the surface of the nitro fertilizer to reduce the interaction between the particles.
  • Traditional oil body anti-caking agents are usually petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines. Mineral oils are the most widely used anti-caking agents because of their stable performance and good hydrophobicity. However, their cost is high and difficult. degradation. Since the alkylamine is corrosive to the surface of the nitro fertilizer, the amount should not be too large, and the cost is relatively large.
  • the powdery anti-caking agent is an ultrafine powder which has been modified and ground by a non-metallic ore such as diatomaceous earth, kaolin and talc powder, and adheres to the surface of the nitro fertilizer granule to play a mechanical isolation function to achieve the inhibition of nitrate.
  • the main carrier of powdered anti-caking agent is non-metallic ore, which is not easy to degrade by water and has a relatively large impact on the environment. At the same time, the inert powder has poor adhesion, so the effect is general.
  • nitro fertilizer manufacturers generally use oil + powder two-step method to wrap nitro fertilizer granules, although the anti-caking effect is satisfied.
  • the big problem is that the mineral oil powder can not be fixed on the surface of the granules well, or The package does not go up, or the package is easy to fall off. It is also common for us to see the surface of the nitro-fertilizer falling off the powder and removing the powder. In this case, the anti-knot effect of the powder on the nitro-fertilizer will be greatly reduced, and the overall anti-caking effect. The effect is not guaranteed, and petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines are no longer able to meet the current requirements of green environmental protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art mentioned above and the demand for anti-caking of nitro-fertilizer in the market, and to provide a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and the anti-caking use natural of the invention
  • the plant orange stem is used as a carrier, and the natural plant orange powder is powder-powder modified by magnesium oxide powder, so that the surface of the natural plant orange rod is coated with magnesium oxide powder; the nanometer silica powder is used to further the magnesium oxide powder.
  • the modified natural plant orange bar powder is subjected to secondary modification, so that the natural plant orange bar powder is modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thereby enhancing the anti-knot function of the powder; utilizing the sugar, fiber and the like contained in the natural plant orange bar itself, It can effectively adhere to the surface of the nitro-fertilizer, so as to solve the effect of fixing the surface of the nitro-fertilizer when the powder is coated with the nitro-fertilizer, and avoid the powder falling off on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent consisting of the following components, each component being expressed by mass percentage, characterized in that the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is composed of magnesium oxide 20-30%, nano-scale silica 5 -10%, plant natural orange stem 60-75%, the sum of the components is 100%.
  • the plant natural orange stem is one or a mixture of two or more of wheat, rice, corn, potato, canola, cotton or sugar cane after harvesting the seed.
  • the natural orange stem of the plant shall not be higher than 2.0%, and the primary particle diameter of the particle diameter D90 is 20-50 um.
  • the nano-scale silica is not less than 95.0%; the nano-particle D90 has a primary particle diameter of 80-150 nm.
  • the magnesium oxide content is not less than 96%, the moisture is not higher than 1.0%, and the particle diameter D90 has a primary particle diameter of 10-30 um.
  • the preparation method of the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent comprises the following main steps:
  • Secondary modification secondary modification: the nano-silica according to the ratio is used to modify the surface of the modified plant natural orange powder in the modified machine according to the step (1), and the resulting modification is carried out. Powder
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is evenly coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer in an amount of 2.0 to 3.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer in such a manner that the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly uniformly coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer particles.
  • the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the nitro fertilizer granule by a screw conveyor.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes the natural plant orange pole to improve the farmland ecological environment to varying degrees, has the effect of improving soil and improving the ecological environment effect of the farmland, for example, can protect and regulate the temperature and humidity in the field, the straw contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium and trace elements are important organic fertilizer sources for agricultural production, thus improving the overall fertilizer efficiency of nitro fertilizers.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes magnesium oxide coating, and Mg 2+ is easily formed with NH 4+ and PO 4 3- in the nitro fertilizer, and forms Mg(NH 4 )PO 4 on the surface of the fertilizer by forming on the surface of the fertilizer.
  • Mg(NH 4 )PO 4 is a slow-release fertilizer, which is equivalent to a layer of slow-release fertilizer on the surface of the fertilizer, which continuously forms a barrier layer on the surface of the fertilizer. It also effectively isolates the surface of the nitro-fertilizer particles from the air and reduces it. The speed of water absorption of the particles reduces the mutual adhesion between the particles, inhibits the salt dissolution-recrystallization between the particles, and inhibits the agglomeration of the nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes nano-silica to re-modify the natural plant orange rod after being coated with magnesia. Since the nitro-fertilizer is slightly acidic, the nano-silica can effectively balance the pH of the fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking of the invention solves the agglomeration of the nitro fertilizer, and at the same time increases the trace amount of Mg element in the fertilizer, enriches the nutrition of the fertilizer, and can also adjust the soil to improve the farmland ecological environment.
  • the invention is further described in connection with the examples.
  • the raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased directly, wherein the nano-scale silica used in the examples of the present invention is purchased from Nanjing Tianxing Chemical Material Co., Ltd., and the plant natural orange rod is purchased from Shandong Agricultural Material Company.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is composed of magnesium oxide 20%, nano-scale silica 5%, corn orange rod 75%, the magnesium oxide content 96%, moisture 1.00%, D90 primary particle size is 10um, the nano-scale silica is 98%; D90 primary particle size is 80nm, the plant corn orange stem moisture 2.0%, particle diameter D90 once The particle size is 20um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of an anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer: taking the proportion of the magnesium oxide powder through a modification machine to surface-encapsulate the corn stalk in the silo, and obtaining the modified corn stalk powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification in the modified machine after the modified nano-scale silica; the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, and under sealed condition After standing for 8 hours, the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is obtained.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is made up of 25% of magnesium oxide powder, 7% of nano-scale silica, 68% of rapeseed orange, said magnesium oxide
  • the powder content is 97%, the water content is 0.98%, the D90 primary particle size is 20um, the nano-scale silica is 96%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 100nm, the rapeseed orange rod moisture is 1.8%, and the particle size is D90.
  • the primary particle size is 30um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of an anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer: taking the proportion of the magnesium oxide powder and modifying the surface of the rapeseed orange in the silo by a modification machine, and obtaining the modified rapeseed orange powder powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the obtained modified rapeseed orange powder in a modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, under sealing conditions After standing for 9 hours, the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is obtained.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.0 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the effect on the nitro-fertilizer block is remarkable.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is 30% of magnesium oxide powder, 10% of nano-scale silica, 60% of cotton orange stem, the magnesium oxide
  • the powder content is 98%, the water content is 0.96%, the D90 primary particle size is 30um, the nano-scale silica is 96.5%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 150nm, the cotton orange rod moisture is 1.72%, and the particle size is D90.
  • the primary particle size is 50um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of an anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer: taking the proportion of the magnesium oxide powder and modifying the surface of the cotton citrus rod in the silo by a modification machine, and obtaining the modified cotton citrus rod powder.
  • the modified nano-silica powder is subjected to surface secondary modification in the modified machine in the modified nano-scale silica; the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, and under sealed condition After standing for 10 hours, the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is obtained.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor according to the amount of 2.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is percentage by mass, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is composed of magnesium oxide powder 24%, nano-scale silica 6%, cotton and sugar cane orange stem 70%,
  • the content of magnesium oxide powder is 97.2%, the moisture content is 0.95%, the primary particle diameter of D90 is 25um, the content of nano-scale silica is 96.8%, the primary particle diameter of D90 is 120nm, and the moisture of cotton and sugar cane is 1.78%.
  • the particle size D90 has a primary particle size of 40 um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of an anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer: taking the proportion of the magnesium oxide powder and modifying the surface of the cotton and sugar cane orange in the silo through a modification machine, and obtaining the modified cotton and the sugar cane orange powder.
  • the proportion of the nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the modified cotton and the sugar cane orange powder in the modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, the seal is sealed. After standing for 8 hours under the conditions, the nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is obtained.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 2.8 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is made up of 27% of magnesium oxide powder, 8% of nano-scale silica, and 65% of rice, rapeseed and corn orange.
  • the magnesium oxide powder content is 96.2%, the water content is 0.93%, the D90 primary particle diameter is 28 um, the nano-scale silica is 95.8%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 115 nm, and the rice, rapeseed and corn stalks are The moisture content is 1.88%, and the particle diameter D90 has a primary particle diameter of 44 um.
  • Method for preparing nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent taking the proportion of magnesium oxide powder through surface modification, modifying the rice, rapeseed and corn stalks in the silo, and obtaining modified rice, rapeseed and corn orange Rod powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the modified rice, rapeseed and corn stalk powder in the modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, After standing for 8 hours under sealed conditions, a nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is obtained.
  • the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 2.0 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％，经过二次改性制得。产品使用时，采用螺旋输送机使之均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。该硝基肥料防结块剂可在硝基肥料颗粒表面形成一层隔膜，使硝基肥料长时间保持松散并具有良好的流动性，保证硝基肥料的品质。

Description

一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及硝基肥料防结块处理技术领域，尤其是一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
1、防结块剂概况
防结块剂是为了促进肥料在储存和装卸作业中保持良好流动性的添加剂。为了防止肥料结块，特别是硝基肥料的结块更为严重，肥料厂家在通过改善工艺条件和控制颗粒特征的同时，主要采用硝基肥料包覆防结剂的方法,防结块剂的使用，能最大限度地抑制硝基肥料结块、吸潮和粉化现象，增加颗粒的流动性，便于硝基肥料的储存、运输和使用，因此，作为一种低成本、高收益的防结块措施，防结块剂现在已经被全世界复合肥生产厂家所广泛接受和使用。
2、防结块剂的现状
目前中国市场上的复合肥防结剂种类很多，根据基料不同主要有油状和粉状。
油体防结剂多是通过包覆，在硝基肥料表面形成一层疏水性的保护膜，减少颗粒之间的相互作用。传统的油体防结剂通常是：矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品,矿物油由于其性能稳定，疏水性好，是目前使用最为广泛的防结块剂.但是其成本高,不易降解。由于烷基胺对硝基肥料表面有腐蚀,用量不能过大,同时成本也是比较大的压力。
粉状防结剂采用非金属矿石如硅藻土、高岭土和滑石粉等惰性粉体经过改性研磨成的超微粉末，附着在硝基肥料颗粒表面，起到了机械隔离的作用，达到抑制硝基肥料结块的目的。粉状防结剂主要载体是非金属矿，自身不容易水也无法降解，对环境造成比较大的影响,同时惰性粉体由于附着力差,所以效果一般.
3、防结块剂应用的问题
现在硝基肥料厂家一般采用油+粉二步法的方式进行包裹硝基肥料颗粒,尽管满足了防结块的效果.目前比较大的问题是，矿物油粉不能很好固定在颗粒表面，或者包不上去，或者包上了容易脱落，也是我们经常看到硝基肥料表面掉粉、脱粉现象，出现这种情况粉对硝基肥料的防结隔离效果将大打折扣，整体防结块的效果也得不到保证，矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品已经不能适应现在绿色环保要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷和市场硝基肥料防结块的需求，而提供一种硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用，本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆为载体，通过氧化镁粉对天然植物桔杆粉末进行粉包粉改性，使天然植物桔杆表面被氧化镁粉涂层；利用纳米级二氧化硅粉体再对被氧化镁粉改性的天然植物桔杆粉末进行二次改性，使天然植物桔杆粉末由亲水改性为疏水特征，从而增强粉体防结功能；利用天然植物桔杆自身含有的糖分、纤维等，能有效的附着在硝基肥料表面，从而解决粉体包裹硝基肥料时对硝基肥料表面的固定效果，避免粉体在硝基肥料表面上脱落。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％。
所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于95.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为80-150nm。
所述的氧化镁含量不低于96％，水分不高于1.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为10-30um。
所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂的制备方法包括以下主要步骤：
(1)一次改性：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体。
(2)二次改性：二次改性：按所述比例的纳米二氧化硅对步骤(1)所述改性植物天然桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体
(3)活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按2.0～3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在硝基肥料表面：将所述的硝基肥料 防结块剂直接均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆在不同程度上改善了农田生态环境，具有改土效应和改善农田生态环境效应，比如能保墒和调控田间温湿度，秸秆中含有大量的有机质，氮磷钾和微量元素是农业生产重要的有机肥源，从而提高了硝基肥料的综合肥效。
本发明的防结块利用氧化镁涂层后Mg 2+易与硝基肥料中的NH 4+、PO 4 3-,在肥料表面形成经过在硝基肥料表面形成Mg(NH 4)PO 4，Mg(NH 4)PO 4是一种缓释肥料，相当于在肥料表面包裹了一层缓释肥料，不断在肥料间表面形成隔离层，同时也使硝基肥料颗粒表面有效与空气隔离，降低了颗粒吸水的速度，减少了颗粒间的相互粘连，抑制了颗粒间的盐溶解—再结晶，达到抑制硝基肥料结块。
本发明的防结块利用纳米二氧化硅对被氧化镁涂层后的天然植物桔杆进行二次改性，由于硝基肥料具有略酸性，纳米二氧化硅能有效地平衡肥料的酸碱度。
本发明的防结块解决了硝基肥料结块，同时在肥料中增加了微量Mg元素，丰富了肥料的营养，还能调节土壤改善农田生态环境。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。本发明所用的原料均直接购买,其中本发明实施例中所用纳米级二氧化硅购买自南京天行化工材料公司，植物天然桔杆购买自山东省农资公司。
实施例1
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁20％，纳米级二氧化硅5％，玉米桔杆75％，所述氧化镁含量96％,水分1.00％，D90一次粒径为10um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98％；D90一次粒径为80nm，所述的植物玉米桔杆水分2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20um。
一种硝基肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性玉米桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在 硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 24.84 29 98.21
包裹前的肥料 67.11 174 32.22
实施例2
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁粉25％，纳米级二氧化硅7％，油菜桔杆68％，所述氧化镁粉含量97％,水分0.98％，D90一次粒径为20um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96％；D90一次粒径为100nm，所述的油菜桔杆水分1.8％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为30um。
一种硝基肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的油菜桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性油菜桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性油菜桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置9个小时后，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按3.0kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 24.77 36 98.07
包裹前的肥料 67.19 168 31.72
实施例3
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁粉30％，纳米级二氧化硅10％，棉花桔杆60％，所述氧化镁粉含量98％,水分0.96％，D90一次粒径为30um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96.5％；D90一次粒径为150nm，所述的棉花桔杆水分1.72％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为50um。
一种硝基肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性棉花桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常 温后，在密封条件下静置10个小时后，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按2.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 26.10 33 98.00
包裹前的肥料 66.56 161 32.71
实施例4
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁粉24％，纳米级二氧化硅6％，棉花和甘蔗桔杆70％，所述氧化镁粉含量97.2％,水分0.95％，D90一次粒径为25um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96.8％；D90一次粒径为120nm，所述的棉花和甘蔗桔杆水分1.78％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为40um。
一种硝基肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花和甘蔗桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按2.8kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 24.47 27 97.91
包裹前的肥料 68.71 169 32.33
实施例5
一种硝基肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁粉27％，纳米级二氧化硅8％，水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆65％，所述氧化镁粉含量96.2％,水分0.93％，D90一次粒径为28um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量95.8％；D90一次粒径为115nm，所述的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆水分1.88％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为44um。
一种硝基肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按2.0kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 25.27 37 97.87
包裹前的肥料 67.82 167 32.42

Claims (9)

  1. 一种硝基肥料防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：硝基肥料防结块剂由氧化镁20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于95.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为80-150nm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的氧化镁含量不低于96％，水分不高于1.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为10-30um。
  6. 如权利要求1－5之一所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下主要步骤：
    (1)一次改性：取所述比例氧化镁粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体；
    (2)二次改性：按所述比例的纳米二氧化硅对步骤(1)所述改性植物天然桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体
    (3)活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得硝基肥料防结块剂。
  7. 如权利要求1－5之一所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂按2.0～3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在硝基肥料表面：将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂直接均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种硝基肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的硝基肥料防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
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