WO2019196289A1 - 一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196289A1
WO2019196289A1 PCT/CN2018/100357 CN2018100357W WO2019196289A1 WO 2019196289 A1 WO2019196289 A1 WO 2019196289A1 CN 2018100357 W CN2018100357 W CN 2018100357W WO 2019196289 A1 WO2019196289 A1 WO 2019196289A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
caking agent
fertilizer anti
powder
fatty acid
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PCT/CN2018/100357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王仁宗
杨慧萍
田楠
李淑华
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湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP18914211.0A priority Critical patent/EP3771703A4/en
Publication of WO2019196289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196289A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/20—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for preventing the fertilisers being reduced to powder; Anti-dusting additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer anti-caking treatment, in particular to a fertilizer anti-caking agent, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Anti-caking agents are additives that promote good fluidity of the fertilizer during storage and handling operations.
  • fertilizer manufacturers mainly use fertilizer coating anti-caking agents while improving the process conditions and controlling the characteristics of the particles.
  • the use of anti-caking agents can minimize fertilizer agglomeration, moisture absorption and
  • the phenomenon of pulverization increases the fluidity of the granules and facilitates the storage, transportation and use of the fertilizer. Therefore, as a low-cost, high-yield anti-caking measure, the anti-caking agent is now widely used by the world's compound fertilizer manufacturers. Accept and use.
  • Oil body anti-caking agents are mostly coated to form a hydrophobic protective film on the surface of the fertilizer to reduce the interaction between the particles.
  • Traditional oil body anti-caking agents are usually petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines. Mineral oils are the most widely used anti-caking agents due to their stable performance and good hydrophobicity, but their cost is high and difficult. degradation. Since the alkylamine is corrosive to the surface of the fertilizer, the amount should not be too large, and the cost is relatively large.
  • the powdery anti-caking agent is an ultrafine powder which has been modified and ground by a non-metallic ore such as diatomaceous earth, kaolin and talc. It adheres to the surface of the fertilizer granules and acts as a mechanical barrier to inhibit fertilizer agglomeration. the goal of.
  • the main carrier of the powdered anti-caking agent is a non-metallic mineral, which is insoluble in water and cannot be degraded by itself, and has a relatively large impact on the environment. At the same time, the inert powder has a poor adhesion, so the effect is general.
  • fertilizer manufacturers generally use the oil + powder two-step method to package fertilizer granules, although the anti-caking effect is satisfied.
  • the bigger problem is that the mineral oil powder can't be fixed on the surface of the granules well, or it can't be covered, or it is easy to fall off. It is also common for us to see the surface of the fertilizer falling off powder and powder removal.
  • the anti-knot effect of fertilizers will be greatly reduced, and the overall anti-caking effect will not be guaranteed. Petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines cannot meet the current requirements of green environmental protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art mentioned above and the demand for anti-caking of fertilizer in the market, and to provide a fertilizer anti-caking agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and the anti-caking agent of the invention utilizes a natural plant orange rod as The carrier, the nano-sized silica powder is used to modify the natural plant orange powder powder, so that the natural plant orange rod is modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic; the nano-scale silica powder is used to improve the natural property.
  • the sugar, fiber and the like contained in the natural plant orange stem can be effectively attached to the surface of the fertilizer, thereby solving the effect of fixing the fertilizer surface on the surface of the fertilizer, and preventing the powder from falling off on the surface of the fertilizer.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent consisting of the following components, each component being expressed by mass percentage, characterized in that the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 10-20% of C 8 -C 20 fatty acid and fatty acid fat, C 12 -C 20 natural fatty alcohol 3-5%, nano-scale silica 5-10%, plant natural orange rod 65-82%, the sum of the components is 100%.
  • the plant natural orange stem is one or a mixture of two or more of wheat, rice, corn, potato, canola, cotton or sugar cane after harvesting the seed.
  • the natural orange stem of the plant shall not be higher than 2.0%, and the primary particle diameter of the particle diameter D90 is 20-50 um.
  • the nano-scale silica is not less than 98.0%; the nano-sized particles D90 have a primary particle diameter of 50-100 nm.
  • the preparation method of the fertilizer anti-caking agent comprises the following main steps:
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, water bath heating or electric heating.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer at a dosage of 2.5 to 4.0 kg/ton of fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer in such a manner that the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly uniformly coated on the surface of the fertilizer granule.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the fertilizer granules by a screw conveyor.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes the natural plant orange pole to improve the farmland ecological environment to varying degrees, has the effect of improving soil and improving the ecological environment effect of the farmland, for example, can protect and regulate the temperature and humidity in the field, and the straw contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium and trace elements are important organic fertilizer sources for agricultural production, thereby increasing the fertilizer efficiency.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes the natural plant orange bar to have degradable regeneration, and the film formed on the surface of the fertilizer particle by wrapping the surface of the fertilizer is effectively isolated from the air, reduces the speed of water absorption of the particles, and reduces the mutual adhesion between the particles. It inhibits salt dissolution-recrystallization between particles to inhibit fertilizer agglomeration. Thereby solving the fertilizer agglomeration does not affect the environment, but has a good adjustment effect on the soil.
  • the anti-caking agent of the invention has the characteristics of preventing agglomeration of fertilizer, improving farmland ecological environment, enhancing fertilizer fertilizer efficiency, natural environmental protection and degradation.
  • the invention is further described in connection with the examples.
  • the raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased directly, wherein the C 8 -C 20 fatty acid and fatty acid lipids used in the examples of the present invention and the C 12 -C 20 natural fatty alcohol are purchased from Singapore Fenyi International Co., Ltd. Yihai Kerry Group, Nano Grade silica was purchased from Nanjing Tianxing Chemical Materials Co., Ltd., and the plant natural orange rod was purchased from Shandong Provincial Agricultural Materials Company.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is in mass percentage, the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 10% of fat of C 8 fatty acid and fatty acid, 3% of C 12 natural fatty alcohol, 5% of nano-sized silica, corn orange
  • the rod is 82%, the nano-scale silica is 98%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 50 nm, the corn stalk has a moisture content of 2.0%, and the particle size D90 has a primary particle size of 20 um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of a fertilizer anti-caking agent: the surface nano-sized silica powder is subjected to surface wrapping modification of the corn orange rod in the silo by a modification machine, and the modified corn orange rod powder is obtained. Adding the ratio of fatty acid of C 8 fatty acid and fatty acid to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirring device, heating to 60 ° C, adding the ratio of C 12 natural fatty alcohol, stirring and uniformly stabilizing the obtained mixture; The modified corn stalk powder is modified by surface coating to obtain a modified powder; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, it is allowed to stand for 8 hours under the sealed condition, and then the fertilizer is prevented. Agglomerating agent.
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, and of course, water bath heating or electric heating may also be employed.
  • the obtained fertilizer anti-caking agent was uniformly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 4.0 kg/ton of fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the fertilizer was remarkable.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent the components are percentage by mass, the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 15% by weight of C 20 fatty acid and fatty acid, 4% of C 20 natural fatty alcohol, 7% of nano-sized silica, wheat orange
  • the rod is 74%, the nano-scale silica is 98.5%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 70 nm, the wheat orange rod has a moisture content of 1.8%, and the particle diameter D90 has a primary particle size of 30 um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of a fertilizer anti-caking agent: the surface nano-sized silica powder is subjected to surface wrapping modification of the wheat orange rod in the silo by a modification machine, and the modified wheat orange rod powder is obtained. Adding the ratio of C 20 fatty acid and fatty acid fat to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirring device, heating to 65 ° C, adding the ratio C 20 natural fatty alcohol, stirring and uniformly stabilizing the obtained mixture; The modified wheat citrus rod powder is subjected to surface coating modification to obtain a modified powder; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, it is allowed to stand for 9 hours under the sealing condition, and then the fertilizer is prevented. Agglomerating agent.
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, and of course, water bath heating or electric heating may also be employed.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.0 kg/ton of fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent the components are in mass percentage, the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 20% of C 16 fatty acid and fatty acid fat, C 14 natural fatty alcohol 5%, nano-scale silicon dioxide 10%, cotton orange
  • the rod is 65%, the nano-scale silica is 99%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 100 nm, the cotton stalk has a moisture content of 1.6%, and the particle size D90 has a primary particle size of 50 um.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of a fertilizer anti-caking agent: the surface nano-sized silica powder is subjected to surface wrapping modification of the cotton orange rod in the silo by a modification machine, and the modified cotton orange rod powder is obtained. Adding the ratio of C 16 fatty acid and fatty acid fat to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirring device, heating to 70 ° C, adding the ratio of C 14 natural fatty alcohol, stirring and uniformly stabilizing the obtained mixture; The modified cotton citrus powder is surface-encapsulated and modified to obtain a modified powder; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, it is allowed to stand for 10 hours under the sealed condition, and then the fertilizer is prevented. Agglomerating agent.
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, and of course, water bath heating or electric heating may also be employed.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 2.5 kg/ton of fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is in mass percentage, the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 12% by weight of C 14 fatty acid and fatty acid, 5% of C 18 natural fatty alcohol, 10% of nano-scale silica, cotton and
  • the sugar cane orange stem is 73%, the nano-scale silica is 98%;
  • the D90 primary particle diameter is 100 nm, the cotton and sugar cane orange stems have a moisture content of 1.5%, and the particle diameter D90 has a primary particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m.
  • Method for preparing fertilizer anti-caking agent taking the proportion of nano-scale silica powder to modify the surface of cotton and sugar cane orange in the silo by modifying machine, and obtaining modified cotton and sugar cane orange powder .
  • the modified cotton and the sugarcane citrus powder are surface-encapsulated and modified to obtain a modified powder; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, it is allowed to stand for 8.5 hours under the sealed condition, and then Fertilizer anti-caking agent.
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, and of course, water bath heating or electric heating may also be employed.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is evenly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.5 kg/ton of fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the fertilizer is remarkable.
  • a fertilizer anti-caking agent each component is in mass percentage, the fertilizer anti-caking agent is 12.5% of C 12 fatty acid and fatty acid fat, C 16 natural fatty alcohol 4.5%, nano-scale silica 9%, rice, Brassica napus and corn stalks 74%, the nano-scale silica is 98.5%; D90 primary particle size is 80nm, the rice, rapeseed and corn stalks have a moisture content of 1.75%, and the particle size D90 has a primary particle size of 50um.
  • Method for preparing fertilizer anti-caking agent taking the proportion of nanometer-sized silica powder through surface modification, modifying rice, rapeseed and corn stalks in the silo, and obtaining modified rice, rapeseed and corn Orange powder. Adding the ratio of C 12 fatty acid and fatty acid fat to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirring device, heating to 70 ° C, adding the ratio of C 16 natural fatty alcohol, stirring and uniformly stabilizing the resulting mixture; The modified rice, rapeseed and corn stalk powder are surface-encapsulated and modified to obtain a modified powder; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, after standing for 9.5 hours under sealed conditions, That is, the fertilizer anti-caking agent.
  • the heating method of the reaction vessel is steam heating, and of course, water bath heating or electric heating may also be employed.
  • the fertilizer anti-caking agent is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.0 kg/ton of fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect of the fertilizer is remarkable.

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  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：肥料防结块剂由C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂10-20％，C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇3-5％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆65-82％，各组分之和为100％，经过二次改性一次复配后制得。产品使用时，将所述的肥料防结块剂按2.5～4.0kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机使之均匀涂布在肥料颗粒表面。该肥料防结块剂可在肥料颗粒表面形成一层隔膜，使肥料长时间保持松散并具有良好的流动性，保证肥料的品质。

Description

一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及肥料防结块处理技术领域，尤其是一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
1、防结块剂概况
防结块剂是为了促进肥料在储存和装卸作业中保持良好流动性的添加剂。为了防止肥料结块，肥料厂家在通过改善工艺条件和控制颗粒特征的同时，主要采用肥料包覆防结剂的方法,防结块剂的使用，能最大限度地抑制肥料结块、吸潮和粉化现象，增加颗粒的流动性，便于肥料的储存、运输和使用，因此，作为一种低成本、高收益的防结块措施，防结块剂现在已经被全世界复合肥生产厂家所广泛接受和使用。
2、防结块剂的现状
目前中国市场上的复合肥防结剂种类很多，根据基料不同主要有油状和粉状。
油体防结剂多是通过包覆，在肥料表面形成一层疏水性的保护膜，减少颗粒之间的相互作用。传统的油体防结剂通常是：矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品,矿物油由于其性能稳定，疏水性好，是目前使用最为广泛的防结块剂，但是其成本高,不易降解。由于烷基胺对肥料表面有腐蚀,用量不能过大,同时成本也是比较大的压力。
粉状防结剂采用非金属矿石如硅藻土、高岭土和滑石粉等惰性粉体经过改性研磨成的超微粉末，附着在肥料颗粒表面，起到了机械隔离的作用，达到抑制肥料结块的目的。粉状防结剂主要载体是非金属矿，自身不溶于水也无法降解，对环境造成比较大的影响,同时惰性粉体由于附着力差,所以效果一般。
3、防结块剂应用的问题
现在肥料厂家一般采用油+粉二步法的方式进行包裹肥料颗粒,尽管满足了防结块的效果。目前比较大的问题是，矿物油粉不能很好固定在颗粒表面，或者包不上去，或者包上了容易脱落，也是我们经常看到肥料表面掉粉、脱粉现象，出现这种情况粉对肥料的防结隔离效果将大打折扣，整体防结块的效果也得不到保证，矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品已经不能适应现在绿色环保要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷和市场肥料防结块的需求，而提 供一种肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用，本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆为载体，通过纳米级二氧化硅粉体对天然植物桔杆粉末进行粉包粉改性，使天然植物桔杆从亲水改性为疏水特性；利用纳米级二氧化硅粉体的延展性提高天然植物桔杆粉末的涂展能力；利用脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂和天然脂肪醇混和物进行二次改性，降低二氧化硅粉体改性的天然植物桔杆粉体的熔点，增强粉体的粘性；利用天然植物桔杆自身含有的糖分、纤维等，能有效的附着在肥料表面，从而解决粉体包裹肥料时对肥料表面的固定效果，避免粉体在肥料表面上脱落。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种肥料防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：肥料防结块剂由C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂10-20％，C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇3-5％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆65-82％，各组分之和为100％。
所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于98.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为50-100nm。
所述的一种肥料防结块剂的制备方法，包括以下主要步骤：
(1)一次改性：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体；
(2)复配：取所述比例C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至60～70℃，加入所述比例C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；
(3)二次改性：将步骤(2)所得混合物对步骤(1)所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体；
(4)改性粉体活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热、水浴加热或电加热。
将所述的肥料防结块剂按2.5～4.0kg/吨肥料的用量均匀包裹在肥料表面。
将所述的肥料防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在肥料表面：将所述的肥料防结块剂直接均匀涂布在肥料颗粒表面。
将所述的肥料防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在肥料颗粒表面。
本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆在不同程度上改善了农田生态环境，具有改土效应和改善农田生态环境效应，比如能保墒和调控田间温湿度，秸秆中含有大量的有机质、氮磷钾和微量元素是农业生产重要的有机肥源，从而提高了肥料的肥效。
本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆具有可降解再生，经过在肥料表面包裹包裹使肥料颗粒表面形成的膜，有效与空气隔离，降低了颗粒吸水的速度，减少了颗粒间的相互粘连，抑制了颗粒间的盐溶解—再结晶，达到抑制肥料结块。从而解决了肥料结块的同时也不影响环境，反而对土壤有好的调节效果。
本发明的防结块剂具有对肥料防结块，改善了农田生态环境，增强肥料肥效、天然环保可降解等特点。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。本发明所用的原料均直接购买,其中本发明实施例中所用C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂和C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇购买自新加坡丰益国际有限公司益海嘉里集团，纳米级二氧化硅购买自南京天行化工材料公司，植物天然桔杆购买自山东省农资公司。
实施例1
一种肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，肥料防结块剂由C 8脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂10％，C 12天然脂肪醇3％，纳米级二氧化硅5％，玉米桔杆82％，所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98％；D90一次粒径为50nm，所述的玉米桔杆水分2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20um。
一种肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例C 8脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至60℃，加入所述比例C 12天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；将所得的混合物将所得改性玉米桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，得改性粉体；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热，当然也可以采用水浴加热或电加热。
将所得的肥料防结块剂按4.0kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在肥料表 面，对化肥防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 26.84 34 96.24
包裹前的肥料 73.25 153 28.72
实施例2
一种肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，肥料防结块剂由C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂15％，C 20天然脂肪醇4％，纳米级二氧化硅7％，小麦桔杆74％，所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98.5％；D90一次粒径为70nm，所述的小麦桔杆水分1.8％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为30um。
一种肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的小麦桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性小麦桔杆粉体。将所述比例C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至65℃，加入所述比例C 20天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；将所得的混合物将所得改性小麦桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，得改性粉体；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置9个小时后，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热，当然也可以采用水浴加热或电加热。
将所述的肥料防结块剂按3.0kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在肥料表面，对化肥防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 28.39 39 94.24
包裹前的肥料 73.52 148 27.28
实施例3
一种肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，肥料防结块剂由C 16脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂20％，C 14天然脂肪醇5％，纳米级二氧化硅10％，棉花桔杆65％，所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量99％；D90一次粒径为100nm，所述的棉花桔杆水分1.6％，颗粒粒径D90 一次粒径为50um。
一种肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花桔杆粉体。将所述比例C 16脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至70℃，加入所述比例C 14天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；将所得的混合物将所得改性棉花桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，得改性粉体；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置10个小时后，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热，当然也可以采用水浴加热或电加热。将所述的肥料防结块剂按2.5kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在肥料表面，对化肥防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 28.81 42 95.43
包裹前的肥料 73.45 157 27.94
实施例4
一种肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，肥料防结块剂由C 14脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂12％，C 18天然脂肪醇5％，纳米级二氧化硅10％，棉花和甘蔗桔杆73％，所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98％；D90一次粒径为100nm，所述的棉花和甘蔗桔杆水分1.5％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为40um。
一种肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花和甘蔗桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体。将所述比例C 14脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至70℃，加入所述比例C 18天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；将所得的混合物将所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，得改性粉体；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8.5个小时后，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热，当然也可以采用水浴加热或电加热。
将所述的肥料防结块剂按3.5kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在肥料表 面，对化肥防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 25.88 29 97.20
包裹前的肥料 74.12 147 27.96
实施例5
一种肥料防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，肥料防结块剂由C 12脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂12.5％，C 16天然脂肪醇4.5％，纳米级二氧化硅9％，水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆74％，所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98.5％；D90一次粒径为80nm，所述的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆水分1.75％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为50um。
一种肥料防结块剂制备方法：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例C 12脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至70℃，加入所述比例C 16天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；将所得的混合物将所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，得改性粉体；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置9.5个小时后，即得肥料防结块剂。
对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热，当然也可以采用水浴加热或电加热。
将所述的肥料防结块剂按3.0kg/吨肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在肥料表面，对化肥防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 25.94 41 97.07
包裹前的肥料 73.25 159 28.81

Claims (9)

  1. 一种肥料防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：肥料防结块剂由C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂10-20％，C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇3-5％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆65-82％，各组分之和为100％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的一种肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种肥料防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于98.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为50-100nm。
  5. 如权利要求1－4之一所述的一种肥料防结块剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下主要步骤：
    (1)一次改性：取所述比例纳米级二氧化硅粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体；
    (2)复配：取所述比例C 8-C 20脂肪酸和脂肪酸的脂加入到带有搅拌装置的反应釜中，加热至60～70℃，加入所述比例C 12-C 20天然脂肪醇进行搅拌均匀稳定所得的混合物；
    (3)二次改性：将步骤(2)所得混合物对步骤(1)所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体；
    (4)改性粉体活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得肥料防结块剂。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种肥料防结块剂的制备方法，其特征在于：对反应釜的加热方式为蒸汽加热、水浴加热或电加热。
  7. 如权利要求1－4之一所述的一种肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的肥料防结块剂按2.5～4.0kg/吨肥料的用量均匀包裹在肥料表面。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的肥料防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在肥料表面：将所述的肥料防结块剂直接均匀涂布在肥料颗粒表 面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种肥料防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的肥料防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在肥料颗粒表面。
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