WO2019196291A1 - 用于硝基肥料的防结块剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

用于硝基肥料的防结块剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196291A1
WO2019196291A1 PCT/CN2018/100359 CN2018100359W WO2019196291A1 WO 2019196291 A1 WO2019196291 A1 WO 2019196291A1 CN 2018100359 W CN2018100359 W CN 2018100359W WO 2019196291 A1 WO2019196291 A1 WO 2019196291A1
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Prior art keywords
fertilizer
nitro
caking agent
powder
nitro fertilizer
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PCT/CN2018/100359
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王仁宗
杨慧萍
田楠
李淑华
Original Assignee
湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP18914379.5A priority Critical patent/EP3771704A4/en
Publication of WO2019196291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196291A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of anti-caking treatment of nitro fertilizer, in particular to an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Anti-caking agents are additives that promote good fluidity of the fertilizer during storage and handling operations.
  • the fertilizer manufacturers mainly adopt the method of coating the anti-caking agent with nitro-fertilizer while improving the process conditions and controlling the particle characteristics, and the anti-caking agent. It can minimize the agglomeration, moisture absorption and pulverization of nitro-fertilizer, increase the fluidity of particles, and facilitate the storage, transportation and use of nitro-fertilizer. Therefore, as a low-cost, high-yield anti-knot Block measures, anti-caking agents are now widely accepted and used by the world's compound fertilizer manufacturers.
  • Oil body anti-caking agents are mostly coated to form a hydrophobic protective film on the surface of the nitro fertilizer to reduce the interaction between the particles.
  • Traditional oil body anti-caking agents are usually petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines. Mineral oils are the most widely used anti-caking agents because of their stable performance and good hydrophobicity. However, their cost is high and difficult. degradation. Since the alkylamine is corrosive to the surface of the nitro fertilizer, the amount should not be too large, and the cost is relatively large.
  • the powdery anti-caking agent is an ultrafine powder which has been modified and ground by a non-metallic ore such as diatomaceous earth, kaolin and talc powder, and adheres to the surface of the nitro fertilizer granule to play a mechanical isolation function to achieve the inhibition of nitrate.
  • the main carrier of powdered anti-caking agent is non-metallic ore, which is not easy to degrade by water and has a relatively large impact on the environment. At the same time, the inert powder has poor adhesion, so the effect is general.
  • nitro fertilizer manufacturers generally use oil + powder two-step method to wrap nitro fertilizer granules, although the anti-caking effect is satisfied.
  • the big problem is that the mineral oil powder can not be fixed on the surface of the granules well, or The package does not go up, or the package is easy to fall off. It is also common for us to see the surface of the nitro-fertilizer falling off the powder and removing the powder. In this case, the anti-knot effect of the powder on the nitro-fertilizer will be greatly reduced, and the overall anti-caking effect. The effect is not guaranteed, and petroleum products such as mineral oils and alkylamines are no longer able to meet the current requirements of green environmental protection.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art mentioned above and the demand for anti-caking of nitro fertilizer in the market, and to provide an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof, and prevention of the invention
  • the agglomerates use natural plant oranges as a carrier to modify the natural plant orange powder by sub-nanometer lime powder, so that the surface of the natural plant orange bar is coated with sub-nanometer lime powder; using nano-scale magnesium dioxide
  • the powder further re-modifies the natural plant orange powder powder modified by lime powder, so that the natural plant orange powder is modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thereby enhancing the powder anti-knot function; utilizing the natural plant orange rod itself
  • the sugar, fiber and the like contained can effectively adhere to the surface of the nitro-fertilizer, thereby solving the effect of fixing the surface of the nitro-fertilizer when the powder is coated with the nitro-fertilizer, and preventing the powder from falling off on the surface of the nitro-
  • An anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer consisting of the following components, each component being expressed by mass percentage, characterized in that the anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer is 20-30% of lime powder, nanometer Silica 5-10%, plant natural orange stem 60-75%, the sum of the components is 100%.
  • the plant natural orange stem is one or a mixture of two or more of wheat, rice, corn, potato, canola, cotton or sugar cane after harvesting the seed.
  • the natural orange stem of the plant shall not be higher than 2.0%, and the primary particle diameter of the particle diameter D90 is 20-50 um.
  • the nano-scale silica is not less than 95.0%; the nano-particle D90 has a primary particle diameter of 80-150 nm.
  • the lime powder content is not less than 96%, the moisture is not higher than 1.0%, and the particle diameter D90 has a primary particle diameter of 10-30 um.
  • the preparation method of the anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer includes the following main steps:
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer in an amount of 2.0 to 3.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer in such a manner that the anti-caking agent for the nitro-fertilizer is uniformly uniformly coated on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer particle.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly coated on the surface of the nitro fertilizer granules by a screw conveyor.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes natural plant orange poles to improve the farmland ecological environment to varying degrees, has the effect of improving soil and improving the ecological environment effects of the farmland, such as protecting and regulating the temperature and humidity in the field, and the straw contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. And trace elements are important organic fertilizer sources for agricultural production, thereby improving the comprehensive fertilizer efficiency of nitro fertilizers.
  • the anti-caking of the present invention utilizes lime powder coating and Ca 2+ is easily formed with NH 4+ and PO 4 3- in the nitro fertilizer, and forms a surface of the fertilizer to form Ca(NH 4 )PO 4 on the surface of the nitro fertilizer.
  • Ca(NH 4 )PO 4 is a slow-release fertilizer, which is equivalent to a layer of slow-release fertilizer on the surface of the fertilizer. It continuously forms a barrier layer on the surface of the fertilizer, and also effectively isolates the surface of the nitro fertilizer particles from the air. The speed of water absorption of the particles reduces the mutual adhesion between the particles, inhibits the salt dissolution-recrystallization between the particles, and inhibits the agglomeration of the nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking of the invention utilizes nano-silica to re-modify the natural plant orange rod coated by lime powder. Since the nitro fertilizer has a slight acidity, under the action of the lime powder, there is a small amount of the surface of the nitro fertilizer. NH 4+ will decompose rapidly and control the release of ammonia after coating with nano-silica to reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrients. Nano-silica can effectively balance the pH of fertilizers.
  • the anti-caking of the invention solves the agglomeration of the nitro fertilizer, and at the same time increases the trace amount of Ca in the fertilizer, enriches the nutrition of the fertilizer, and can also adjust the soil to improve the farmland ecological environment.
  • the invention is further described in connection with the examples.
  • the raw materials used in the present invention are all purchased directly, wherein the nano-scale silica used in the examples of the present invention is purchased from Nanjing Tianxing Chemical Material Co., Ltd., and the plant natural orange rod is purchased from Shandong Agricultural Material Company.
  • nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer, each component is based on mass percentage, nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is made up of lime powder 20%, nano-scale silica 5%, corn orange rod 75%, the lime powder The content is 96%, the water content is 1.00%, the D90 primary particle size is 10um, the nano-scale silica is 98%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 80nm, the corn orange rod moisture is 2.0%, and the particle diameter D90 is once. The particle size is 20um.
  • the preparation method of the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer taking the proportion of the lime powder through the modification machine to surface-encapsulate the corn stalk in the silo to obtain the modified corn stalk powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification in the modified machine after the modified nano-scale silica; the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, and under sealed condition After standing for 8 hours, it is an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • Anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is composed of lime powder 25%, nano-scale silica 7%, rapeseed orange stem 68%, the lime powder
  • the content is 97%, the water content is 0.98%, the D90 primary particle size is 20um, the nano-scale silica is 96%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 100nm, the rapeseed orange rod moisture is 1.8%, and the particle diameter D90 is once.
  • the particle size is 30um.
  • the preparation method of the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer taking the proportion of the lime powder through the modification machine to surface-encapsulate the rapeseed orange bar in the silo, and obtaining the modified rapeseed orange powder powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the obtained modified rapeseed orange powder in a modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, under sealing conditions After standing for 9 hours, it is an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.0 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • Anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer each component is in mass percentage, nitro fertilizer anti-caking agent is 30% of lime powder, 10% of nano-scale silica, 60% of cotton orange, the lime powder The content is 98%, the water content is 0.96%, the D90 primary particle size is 30um, the nano-scale silica is 96.5%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 150nm, the cotton orange rod moisture is 1.72%, and the particle diameter D90 is once. The particle size is 50um.
  • the preparation method of the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer taking the proportion of the lime powder and modifying the surface of the cotton citrus rod in the silo by the modification machine, and obtaining the modified cotton citrus powder.
  • the modified nano-silica powder is subjected to surface secondary modification in the modified machine in the modified nano-scale silica; the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, and under sealed condition After standing for 10 hours, it is an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 2.5 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • Anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer each component is in mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is composed of lime powder 24%, nano-scale silica 6%, cotton and sugar cane orange stem 70%,
  • the lime powder content is 97.2%, the water content is 0.95%, the D90 primary particle size is 25um, the nano-scale silica is 96.8%; the D90 primary particle size is 120nm, and the plant cotton and sugar cane oranges are 1.78% moisture.
  • the particle size D90 has a primary particle size of 40 um.
  • Method for preparing anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer taking the proportion of lime powder through surface modification and modifying the cotton and sugar cane orange bar in the silo by the modification machine, and obtaining the modified cotton and sugar cane orange powder powder .
  • the proportion of the nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the modified cotton and the sugar cane orange powder in the modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to room temperature, the seal is sealed. After standing for 8 hours under the conditions, it is an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 2.8 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.
  • Anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer each component is based on mass percentage, and the nitro-fertilizer anti-caking agent is 27% of lime powder, 8% of nano-scale silica, and 65% of rice, rapeseed and corn orange.
  • the lime powder content is 96.2%, the moisture content is 0.93%, the D90 primary particle diameter is 28 um, the nano-scale silica is 95.8%; the D90 primary particle diameter is 115 nm, and the rice, rapeseed and corn stalk moisture 1.88%, particle size D90 primary particle size is 44um.
  • Method for preparing anti-caking agent for nitro-fertilizer taking the proportion of lime powder through the modification machine to surface-encapsulate rice, rapeseed and corn stalks in the silo, and obtaining modified rice, rapeseed and corn Orange powder.
  • the modified nano-scale silica is subjected to surface secondary modification of the modified rice, rapeseed and corn stalk powder in the modification machine; after the modified powder obtained by the secondary modification is cooled to normal temperature, After standing for 8 hours under sealed conditions, it is an anti-caking agent for nitro fertilizer.
  • the anti-caking agent for the nitro fertilizer is uniformly wrapped on the surface of the nitro-fertilizer by a screw conveyor at a dosage of 3.2 kg/ton of nitro-fertilizer, and the anti-caking effect on the nitro-fertilizer is remarkable.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了用于硝基肥料的防结块剂及制备方法和应用，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：用于硝基肥料的防结块剂由石灰粉20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％，经过二次改性制得。产品使用时，采用螺旋输送机使之均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。该用于硝基肥料的防结块剂可在硝基肥料颗粒表面形成一层隔膜，使硝基肥料长时间保持松散并具有良好的流动性，保证硝基肥料的品质。

Description

用于硝基肥料的防结块剂及制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及硝基肥料防结块处理技术领域，尤其是用于硝基肥料防结块剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
1、防结块剂概况
防结块剂是为了促进肥料在储存和装卸作业中保持良好流动性的添加剂。为了防止肥料结块，特别是硝基肥料的结块更为严重，肥料厂家在通过改善工艺条件和控制颗粒特征的同时，主要采用硝基肥料包覆防结剂的方法,防结块剂的使用，能最大限度地抑制硝基肥料结块、吸潮和粉化现象，增加颗粒的流动性，便于硝基肥料的储存、运输和使用，因此，作为一种低成本、高收益的防结块措施，防结块剂现在已经被全世界复合肥生产厂家所广泛接受和使用。
2、防结块剂的现状
目前中国市场上的复合肥防结剂种类很多，根据基料不同主要有油状和粉状。
油体防结剂多是通过包覆，在硝基肥料表面形成一层疏水性的保护膜，减少颗粒之间的相互作用。传统的油体防结剂通常是：矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品,矿物油由于其性能稳定，疏水性好，是目前使用最为广泛的防结块剂.但是其成本高,不易降解。由于烷基胺对硝基肥料表面有腐蚀,用量不能过大,同时成本也是比较大的压力。
粉状防结剂采用非金属矿石如硅藻土、高岭土和滑石粉等惰性粉体经过改性研磨成的超微粉末，附着在硝基肥料颗粒表面，起到了机械隔离的作用，达到抑制硝基肥料结块的目的。粉状防结剂主要载体是非金属矿，自身不容易水也无法降解，对环境造成比较大的影响,同时惰性粉体由于附着力差,所以效果一般.
3、防结块剂应用的问题
现在硝基肥料厂家一般采用油+粉二步法的方式进行包裹硝基肥料颗粒,尽管满足了防结块的效果.目前比较大的问题是，矿物油粉不能很好固定在颗粒表面，或者包不上去，或者包上了容易脱落，也是我们经常看到硝基肥料表面掉粉、脱粉现象，出现这种情况粉对硝基肥料的防结隔离效果将大打折扣，整体防结块的效果也得不到保证，矿物油类和烷基胺等石油类产品已经不能适应现在绿色环保要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷和市场硝基肥料防结块的需求，而提供的一种用于硝基肥料的防结块剂及制备方法和应用，本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆为载体，通过亚纳米级石灰粉对天然植物桔杆粉末进行粉包粉改性，使天然植物桔杆表面被亚纳米级石灰粉涂层；利用纳米级二氧化镁粉体再对被石灰粉改性的天然植物桔杆粉末进行二次改性，使天然植物桔杆粉末由亲水改性为疏水特征，从而增强粉体防结功能；利用天然植物桔杆自身含有的糖分、纤维等，能有效的附着在硝基肥料表面，从而解决粉体包裹硝基肥料时对硝基肥料表面的固定效果，避免粉体在硝基肥料表面上脱落。
本发明的技术方案为：
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：用于硝基肥料的防结块剂由石灰粉20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％。
所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于95.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为80-150nm。
所述的石灰粉含量不低于96％，水分不高于1.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为10-30um。
所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法包括以下主要步骤：
(1)一次改性：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体。
(2)二次改性：按所述比例的纳米二氧化硅对步骤(1)所述改性植物天然桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体；
(3)活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按2.0～3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在硝基肥料表面：将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂直接均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
本发明的防结块利用天然植物桔杆在不同程度上改善了农田生态环境，具有改土效应和改善农田生态环境效应比如能保墒和调控田间温湿度，秸秆中含有大量的有机质，氮磷钾和微量元素是农业生产重要的有机肥源，从而提高了硝基肥料的综合肥效
本发明的防结块利用石灰粉涂层后Ca 2+易与硝基肥料中的NH 4+、PO 4 3-,在肥料表面形成经过在硝基肥料表面形成Ca(NH 4)PO 4，Ca(NH 4)PO 4是一种缓释肥料，相当于在肥料表面包裹了一层缓释肥料，不断在肥料间表面形成隔离层，同时也使硝基肥料颗粒表面有效与空气隔离，降低了颗粒吸水的速度，减少了颗粒间的相互粘连，抑制了颗粒间的盐溶解—再结晶，达到抑制硝基肥料结块。
本发明的防结块利用纳米二氧化硅对被石灰粉涂层后的天然植物桔杆进行二次改性，由于硝基肥料具有略酸性，在石灰粉作用下，硝基肥料表面会有少量NH 4+会迅速分解，通过纳米二氧化硅包膜后控制氨的释放，从而减少氮养分的损失。纳米二氧化硅能有效地平衡肥料的酸碱度。
本发明的防结块解决了硝基肥料结块，同时在肥料中增加了微量Ca元素，丰富了肥料的营养，还能调节土壤改善农田生态环境。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。本发明所用的原料均直接购买,其中本发明实施例中所用纳米级二氧化硅购买自南京天行化工材料公司，植物天然桔杆购买自山东省农资公司。
实施例1
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由石灰粉20％，纳米级二氧化硅5％，玉米桔杆75％，所述石灰粉含量96％,水分1.00％，D90一次粒径为10um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量98％；D90一次粒径为80nm，所述的玉米桔杆水分2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20um。
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所 得改性玉米桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 22.43 30 98.17
包裹前的肥料 67.71 172 32.19
实施例2
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由石灰粉25％，纳米级二氧化硅7％，油菜桔杆68％，所述石灰粉含量97％,水分0.98％，D90一次粒径为20um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96％；D90一次粒径为100nm，所述的油菜桔杆水分1.8％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为30um。
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的油菜桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性油菜桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性油菜桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置9个小时后，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按3.0kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 22.39 32 98.71
包裹前的肥料 68.14 168 33.12
实施例3
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由石灰粉30％，纳米级二氧化硅10％，棉花桔杆60％，所述石灰粉含量98％,水分0.96％，D90一次粒径为30um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96.5％；D90一次粒径为150nm，所述的 棉花桔杆水分1.72％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为50um.
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性棉花桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置10个小时后，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按2.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 22.75 39 98.07
包裹前的肥料 67.79 182 32.84
实施例4
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由石灰粉24％，纳米级二氧化硅6％，棉花和甘蔗桔杆70％，所述石灰粉含量97.2％,水分0.95％，D90一次粒径为25um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量96.8％；D90一次粒径为120nm，所述的植物棉花和甘蔗桔杆水分1.78％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为40um。
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的棉花和甘蔗桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性棉花和甘蔗桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按2.8kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 23.05 29 98.06
包裹前的肥料 67.39 174 32.13
实施例5
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，各组分按质量百分比计，硝基肥料防结块剂由石灰粉27％，纳米级二氧化硅8％，水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆65％，所述石灰粉含量96.2％,水分0.93％，D90一次粒径为28um,所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量95.8％；D90一次粒径为115nm，所述的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆水分1.88％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为44um。
用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体。将所述比例纳米级二氧化硅对所得改性水稻、油菜和玉米桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面二次改性；将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8个小时后，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按3.2kg/吨硝基肥料的用量采用螺旋输送机均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面，对硝基肥料防结块效果显著。
  吸湿率％ 破碎压力N 松散度％
包裹后的肥料 22.72 27 98.05
包裹前的肥料 67.71 164 32.59

Claims (9)

  1. 用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，由以下各组分组成，各组分按质量百分比计，其特征在于：用于硝基肥料的防结块剂由石灰粉20-30％，纳米级二氧化硅5-10％，植物天然桔杆60-75％，各组分之和为100％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆为小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花或甘蔗在收获籽实后的剩余部分中的一种或者两种以上的混合物。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的植物天然桔杆水分不得高于2.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为20-50um。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的纳米级二氧化硅是含量不低于95.0％；纳米级颗粒D90一次粒径为80-150nm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂，其特征在于:所述的石灰粉含量不低于96％，水分不高于1.0％，颗粒粒径D90一次粒径为10-30um。
  6. 如权利要求1－5之一所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下主要步骤：
    (1)一次改性：取所述比例石灰粉末通过改性机对料仓中的植物天然桔杆进行表面包裹改性，所得改性植物天然桔杆粉体；
    (2)二次改性：按所述比例的纳米二氧化硅对步骤(1)所述改性植物天然桔杆粉体在改性机内进行表面包裹改性，所得改性粉体；
    (3)活化与安定：将二次改性所得的改性粉体冷却至常温后，在密封条件下静置8-10个小时，即得用于硝基肥料的防结块剂。
  7. 如权利要求1－5之一所述的一种用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂按2.0～3.5kg/吨硝基肥料的用量均匀包裹在硝基肥料表面。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂采用下述方式包裹在硝基肥料表面：将所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂直接均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的用于硝基肥料的防结块剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述的用 于硝基肥料的防结块剂采用螺旋输送机均匀涂布在硝基肥料颗粒表面。
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