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  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
  • C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4196—1,2,4-Triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
  • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present technology relates to aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof having inhibitory activity on vascular adhesion protein (VAP-l), a process for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and uses thereof.
• VAP-l vascular adhesion protein
• Vascular adhesion protein- 1 is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), which is abundantly present in human plasma.
• VAP-l is an ectoenzyme comprising a short cytoplasmic tail, a single transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain with large and high glycosylation containing the center of activity.
• VAP-l exists not only as a membrane -bound form in the endothelium, but also as a soluble form in serums (soluble VAP-l, sVAP-l). This form was shown to be a product cleaved from the membrane- bound VAP-l, and appears to have similar properties as the tissue-bound form.
• VAP-l is normally stored in intracellular granules within endothelial cells, but when an inflammatory response is evoked in response to inflammatory stimuli, it is translocated onto the cell membrane, and its expression is upregulated, and therefore, it is expressed more strongly in inflamed tissues than in normal tissues.
• Substrates for VAP- 1 include endogenous methylamine and aminoacetone as well as some xenobiotic amines such as tyramine and benzylamine.
• VAP-l has two physiological functions: the first is amine oxidase activity stated earlier in this section, and the second is cell adhesion activity. Due to these two activities, VAP-l has been shown to play a key role in the leakage of inflammatory cells as it acts as an adhesion protein for leukocytes in inflamed sites [ Trends Immunol. (2001) 22: 211] VAP-l- deficient transgenic mice are healthy, develop normally, and fertile, and phenotypically normal, but exhibit a marked decrease in the inflammatory responses evoked in response to various inflammatory stimuli [Immunity. (2005) 22: 105]
• VAP-l inhibitory activity of VAP-l in multiple animal models of human diseases (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, oxazolone-induced colitis, lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation, collagen-induced arthritis, endotoxin-induced uveitis) by the use of antibodies or small molecules has been shown to prevent leukocyte from rolling, adhering, and leaking, and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, thereby reducing the severity of the disease [Eur J Immunol. (2005) 35: 3119; J Pharmacol Exp Ther. (2005) 315: 553; Annu Rep Med Chem. (2007) 42: 229; FASEB J.
• human diseases e.g., carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, oxazolone-induced colitis, lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation, collagen-induced arthritis, endotoxin-induced uveitis
• Inflammation is the first reaction of the immune system to infection or stimulus and in such a process, the movement of leukocytes into the tissue through circulation is an important step.
• the leukocytes are first bound to adhesion proteins and then adhered to the endothelium before they start to pass through blood vessel walls.
• VAP-l is highly expressed in endothelial venules (HEV) such as high endothelial venules in lymphoid organs, as well as hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, (HSEC), smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes.
• HEV endothelial venules
• HSEC hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells
• smooth muscle cells smooth muscle cells
• adipocytes hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells
• VAP-l activates NF-kB when it is present in the substrate, and the NF-kB is activated within the HSEC while E-selectin and chemokine IL-8 that are other adhesion molecules are upregulated ex vivo. This suggests that VAP-l may be a key factor for the regulation of the inflammatory response, and it seems therefore likely that VAP-l inhibitors may be effective anti-inflammatory drugs in a wide range of human diseases.
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), histologically, encompasses simple steatosis, nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH), and liver cirrhosis.
• NAFL nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis
• liver cirrhosis unlike simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL), NASH potentially progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma).
• insulin resistance is known to play an important role in the progression of disease, along with oxidative stress,
• VAP-l sVAP-l levels were found to be elevated, and in VAP-l knockout (K/O) mice, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis was reduced compared with that in wild type animals.
• K/O VAP-l knockout mice
• improvement of liver fibrosis by VAP-l inhibition following administration of VAP-l antibody was identified by histological changes [J Clin Invest (2015) 125: 501]
• VAP-l was found to be associated with NASH in clinical studies and animal models of diseases.
• Inhibitory activity of VAP-l in the carbon tetrachloride-induced animal model appears to be due to a reduction in infiltration of leukocytes such as T cells, B cells, NKT cells, and NK cells observed in liver fibrosis, and VAP-l inhibitors have the potential for treating fibrotic diseases.
• a substance that inhibits VAP-l may be applied to prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases and fibrotic diseases.
• aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives having fluoroallylamine groups or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts exhibit selective inhibitory activity on VAP-l. Therefore, the aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives and their salts can be usefully used in the treatment and prophylaxis of various VAP-l mediated disease, for example, nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH).
• NASH nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis
• the present technology provides the aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preparation processes thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and the use thereof.
• an aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt there is provided an aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivative as an active ingredient.
• a method of treatment comprising administering the aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivative.
• a method of treatment comprising administering the aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivative.
• A is selected from phenyl, naphthalene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, thiazole, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, furan, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole.
• A is selected from phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, and thiazole.
• alkylaminosulfonyl C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl, C 1-6 alkylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl, benzodioxolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, acetylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, cyclopropyl -oxadiazolyl, C 1-6 alkyl -oxadiazolyl, and oxadiazol-5-onyl.
• A is pyridine.
• said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, halogen, -R, and -CoC-R.
• said R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazole.
• said cyclic ring is unsubstituted; or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and oxazolyl.
• A is pyridine, wherein said pyridine is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1-3 alkyl, halogen, -R, and -CoC-R, wherein said R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazole, wherein said cyclic ring is unsubstituted; or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of Ci- 6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and oxazolyl.
• the compound is selected from Table 1, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• compounds of Formula 10 (Formula 10) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic; and R a is hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, or halogen.
• the compound is of Formula lOa: (Formula lOa) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is of Formula lOb:
• compounds of Formula 11 (Formula 11) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic; and R a is hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, or halogen.
• the compound is of Formula 1 la: (Formula 11 a) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is of Formula 1 lb: (Formula 1 lb) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound is of Formula 1 lc:
• R is selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, l,3-dihydroindol-2-one, 1,2- dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolin-2-one, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one, 3,4- dihydro-l
• Ci-6 alkoxy trifluoromethoxy, amino, mono- or di- Ci-6 alkylamino, Ci- 6 alkylcarbonylamino, Ci- 6 alkylthio, mono- or di- Ci- 6 alkylaminosulfonyl, Ci- 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci- 6 alkylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl, benzodioxolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, acetylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, cyclopropyl-oxadiazolyl, Ci- 6 alkyl-oxadiazolyl, and oxadiazol-5-onyl.
• compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• VAP-l vascular adhesion protein
• kits for treating NASH in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein, or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
• compositions disclosed herein for use in treating NASH are provided herein.
• compositions disclosed herein for use in selectively inhibiting VAP-l are provided herein.
• kits for treating a disease mediated by VAP-l in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
• the disease mediated by VAP-l is selected from the group consisting of lipid and lipoprotein disorders, conditions and diseases which result from chronic fatty and fibrotic degeneration of organs due to accumulated lipid and specifically triglyceride accumulation and subsequent activation of profibrotic pathways, Type I or Type II Diabetes and clinical complications of Type I and Type II Diabetes, chronic intrahepatic or some forms of extrahepatic cholestatic conditions, liver fibrosis, acute intraheptic cholestatic conditions, obstructive or chronic inflammatory disorders that arise out of improper bile composition, gastrointestinal conditions with a reduced uptake of dietary fat and fat-soluble dietary vitamins, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome (combined conditions of dyslipidemia, diabetes and abnormally high body-mass index), persistent infections by intracellular bacteria or parasitic protozoae, non-malignant hyperproliferative disorders, malignant
• hyperproliferative disorders colon adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in particular, liver steatosis and associated syndromes, Hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis C infection and/or of cholestatic and fibrotic effects that are associated with alcohol-induced cirrhosis or with viral -borne forms of hepatitis, liver failure or liver malfunction as an outcome of chronic liver diseases or of surgical liver resection, acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, thrombosis which occurs as an endpoint of chronic obstructive atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and cerebral infarction, individually or any combination thereof.
• Boc is an amine protecting group
• A' is an aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, and thiazole
• Z is hydroxyor C1-3 alkoxy, or
• the cyclic ring is selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, l,3-dihydroindol-2-one, 1,2- dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolin-2-one, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one, 3,4- dihydro-l,4-benzoxazine, l,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 3,l-benzoxazin-2-one, 2,3-dihydro-
• compositions and methods are intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others.
• a composition or method“consisting essentially” of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel
• substantially or “essentially” means nearly totally or completely, for instance, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% road or greater of some given quantity.
• “substituted” refers to an organic group (e.g., an alkyl group) in which one or more bonds to a hydrogen atom contained therein are replaced by a bond to non hydrogen or non-carbon atoms.
• Substituted groups also include groups in which one or more bonds to a carbon(s) or hydrogen(s) atom are replaced by one or more bonds, including double or triple bonds, to a heteroatom.
• the present disclosure is understood to include embodiments where, for instance a“substituted alkyl” optionally contains one or more alkene and/or alkyne.
• a substituted group will be substituted with one or more substituents, unless otherwise specified.
• a substituted group is substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 substituents.
• substituent groups include: halogens (i.e., F, Cl, Br, and I); hydroxyls; alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, and heterocyclylalkoxy groups; aryl groups; heteroaryl groups; cycloalkyl groups; heterocyclyl groups; carbonyls (oxo); carboxyls; esters; carbamates; urethanes; ureas; oximes;
• cyanates cyanates; thiocyanates; imines; nitro groups; nitriles (i.e., CN); and the like.
• Substituted ring groups such as substituted cyclic, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heterocyclic and substituted heteroaryl groups also include rings and fused ring systems in which a bond to a hydrogen atom is replaced with a bond to a carbon atom. Therefore, substituted cyclic, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heterocyclic and substituted heteroaryl groups may also be substituted with substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups as defined below.
• cyclic ring refers to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms.
• exemplary heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, O, S, or B.
• the cyclic ring optionally contains 1 to 5 heteroatom ring members chosen from O, N, or S.
• the cyclic ring optionally contains 1 to 4 heteroatom ring members chosen from O, N, or S.
• the cyclic ring optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatom ring members chosen from O, N, or S.
• Cyclic rings include aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclic groups.
• an“aryl group” refers to a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that does not contain heteroatoms.
• Aryl groups include monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems.
• aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, azulenyl, heptalenyl, biphenylenyl, indacenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, naphthacenyl, chrysenyl, biphenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, indanyl, pentalenyl, and naphthyl groups.
• aryl groups contain 6-14 carbons, and in others from 6 to 12 or even 6-10 carbon atoms in the ring portions of the groups.
• the phrase“aryl groups” includes groups containing fused rings, such as fused aromatic-aliphatic ring systems (e.g., indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like), it does not include aryl groups that have other groups, such as alkyl or halo groups, bonded to one of the ring members. Rather, groups such as tolyl are referred to as substituted aryl groups.
• Representative substituted aryl groups may be mono- substituted or substituted more than once.
• monosubstituted aryl groups include, but are not limited to, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted phenyl or naphthyl groups, which may be substituted with substituents such as those listed above.
• cycloalkyl group refers to a cyclic alkyl group such as, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups.
• the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 carbon ring members, whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms range from 3 to 5,
• Cycloalkyl groups further include mono-, bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems, such as, for example bridged cycloalkyl groups as described below, and fused rings, such as, but not limited to, decalinyl, and the like.
• polycyclic cycloalkyl groups have three rings.
• Substituted cycloalkyl groups may be substituted one or more times with non-hydrogen and non-carbon groups as defined above.
• substituted cycloalkyl groups also include rings that are substituted with straight or branched chain alkyl groups as defined above.
• Representative substituted cycloalkyl groups may be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, 2,2-, 2,3-, 2,4- 2,5- or 2,6-di-substituted cyclohexyl groups, which may be substituted with substituents such as those listed above.
• a cycloalkyl group has one or more alkene bonds, but is not aromatic.
• heterocyclic group includes aromatic (also referred to as heteroaryl) and non-aromatic ring compounds containing 3 or more ring members, of which one or more is a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, S or B.
• heterocyclic groups include 3 to 20 ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to 6, 3 to 10, 3 to 12, or 3 to 15 ring members.
• Heterocyclic groups encompass unsaturated, partially saturated and saturated ring systems, such as, for example, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl and imidazolidinyl groups.
• heterocyclic group includes fused ring species including those comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic groups, such as, for example, benzotriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, and benzo[l,3]dioxolyl.
• the phrase also includes bridged polycyclic ring systems containing a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl.
• the phrase does not include heterocyclic groups that have other groups, such as alkyl, oxo or halo groups, bonded to one of the ring members. Rather, these are referred to as“substituted heterocyclic groups”.
• Heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, o
• substituted heterocyclic groups may be mono- substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, pyridyl or piperazinyl groups, which are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted, or disubstituted with various substituents such as those listed above.
• heteroaryl group refers to an aromatic ring compound containing 5 or more ring members, of which, one or more is a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, S or B.
• one or more heteroatoms are chosen from N, O, or S.
• 1 to 4 heteroatoms are chosen from N, O, or S.
• 1 to 5 heteroatoms are chosen from N, O, or S.
• heteroaryl groups include 5 to 14 ring members, whereas other such groups have 5 to 6, 5 to 9, 5 to 10, 6 to 9, 6 to 10, or 6 to 14 ring members.
• a 5-membered heteroaryl group has 5 ring members; a 6-membered heteroaryl group has 6 ring members; and a 9- membered heteroaryl group has 9 ring members (such as, but not limited to, benzothiophene).
• Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furanyl, benzofiiranyl, indolyl, azaindolyl (pyrrolopyridyl), indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazopyridyl (azabenzimidazolyl), pyrazolopyridyl, triazolopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,
• imidazopyridyl isoxazolopyridyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups.
• heteroaryl groups includes fused ring compounds such as indolyl and 2,3-dihydro indolyl
• the phrase does not include heteroaryl groups that have other groups bonded to one of the ring members, such as alkyl groups. Rather, heteroaryl groups with such substitution are referred to as“substituted heteroaryl groups.”
• Representative substituted heteroaryl groups may be substituted one or more times with various substituents such as those listed above.
• An azolyl group is a 5-membered heteroaryl group containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other atom selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen as part of the ring.
• Azolyl groups include imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2, 3-triazole, 1,2, 4-triazole, tetrazole, pentazole, oxazole, isoxazole, l,2,4-oxadiazole, l,2,5-oxadiazole, l,3,4-oxadiazole, thiazole, isothiazole, l,2,3-thiadiazole, l,2,4-thiadiazole, l,2,5-thiadiazole, and l,3,4-thiadiazole.
• alkyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, which encompasses both straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals. In some embodiments, alkyl has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, from 1 to 12 carbons, from 1 to 8 carbons, 1 to 6 carbons, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Ci- 6 alkyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbons, which includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, «-butyl, «-pentyl, «-hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert- butyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and the like.
• hydroxy is defined as -OH.
• alkoxy refers to a radical formed by substituting the hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group with an alkyl, as defined above.
• Ci- 6 alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, «-butoxy, n- pentyloxy, isopropoxy, .veobutoxy. fert-butoxy, neopentyloxy, isopentyloxy, and the like.
• halogen refers to fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine.
• amino is defined as -NH2
• alkylamino refers to a mono- or di-alkyl substituted amino.
• Ci- 6 alkylamino includes mono- or di- Ci- 6 alkyl substituted amino.
• alkylthio is defined as -SR* (wherein R* is alkyl), and the term “cyano” is defined as -CN.
• Stereoisomers of compounds also known as“optical isomers,” include all chiral, diastereomeric, and racemic forms of a structure, unless the specific stereochemistry is expressly indicated.
• compounds used in the present technology include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or all stereogenic atoms as are apparent from the depictions.
• racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomers can be isolated or synthesized so as to be substantially free of their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, and these are all within the scope of the present technology.
• “pharmaceutically acceptable” is meant a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g., the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to a patient without causing any undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained.
• pharmaceutical carrier or excipient it is implied that the carrier or excipient has met the required standards of toxicological and manufacturing testing or that it is included on the Inactive Ingredient Guide prepared by the U.S. Food and Drug administration.
• a certain moiety capable of being protected includes the protected groups in some embodiments of the disclosure.
• an -OH moiety as included herein also includes -OP, where P is a protecting group.
• Protecting groups, as referred to herein may be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art, and include the groups and strategies set forth in the art, for example, those such as described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic
• Subject refers to an animal, such as a mammal (including a human), that has been or will be the object of treatment, observation or experiment.“Subject” and“patient” may be used interchangeably, unless otherwise indicated. The methods described herein may be useful in human therapy and/or veterinary applications.
• the subject is a mammal.
• the subject is a human.
• the terms“therapeutically effective amount” and“effective amount” are used interchangibly and refer to an amount of a compound that is sufficient to effect treatment as defined below, when administered to a patient (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment in one or more doses.
• the therapeutically effective amount will vary depending upon the patient, the disease being treated, the weight and/or age of the patient, the severity of the disease, or the manner of administration as determined by a qualified prescriber or care giver.
• treatment means administering a compound disclosed herein for the purpose of: (i) delaying the onset of a disease, that is, causing the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop or delaying the development thereof; (ii) inhibiting the disease, that is, arresting the development of clinical symptoms; and/or (iii) relieving the disease, that is, causing the regression of clinical symptoms or the severity thereof.
• the present technology provides a compound of Formula X, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• R is substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing 1 to 5 heteroatom ring members chosen from O, N, or S, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic.
• the 5-membered heteroaryl group is selected from thiazole, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, fiiran, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole.
• the 6-membered heteroaryl group is selected from pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and triazine.
• the present technology provides a compound having selective inhibitory activity on VAP-l or its salt, that is, a compound of Formula 1 below, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• A is an aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, and thiazole, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, halogen, benzyloxy, -R, -CH2-R.
• R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, l,3-dihydroindol-2-one, 1,2- dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolin-2-one, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one, 3,4- dihydro-l,4-benzoxazine, l,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 3,l-benz
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic;
• R a is hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, or halogen.
• the compound of Formula 10 is a compound of Formula lOa: (Formula lOa) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R and R a are as defined for Formula 10.
• the compound of Formula 10 is a compound of Formula lOb: (Formula lOb)
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic; and R a is hydrogen, C1- 3 alkyl, C1- 3 alkoxy, or halogen.
• the compound of Formula 11 is a compound of Formula l la: (Formula l la) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R and R a are as defined for Formula 11.
• the compound of Formula 11 is a compound of Formula l lb: (Formula 1 lb) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R and R a are as defined for Formula 11.
• the compound of Formula 11 is a compound of Formula l lc : (Formula l lc)
• the compound of Formula 11 is a compound of Formula l ld: (Formula 11 d)
• the compound of Formula 11 is a compound of Formula l le: (Formula l le) or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R and R a are as defined for Formula 11.
• A’ is pyridine
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic.
• R is selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, l,3-dihydroindol-2-one, l,2-dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolin-2-one, 3,4-d
• R is selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, l,3-dihydroindol-2-one, l,2-dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinobne, quinobn-2-one, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one, 3, 4-dihydro- l,4-benzoxazine, l,4-benz
• VAP-l inhibition may be measured, for example, by determining the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50).
• IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentration
• the compounds are selective inhibitors of VAP-l. Selectivity may be determined, for example, by comparing inhibition of VAP-l to inhibition of other aminooxidaxes such as MAO-A (monoamine oxidase-A), MAO-B (monoamine oxidase-B), and DAO (diamine oxidase).
• said "significantly high inhibitory activity" means IC50 for VAP-l obtained from the in vitro enzyme analysis (in vitro enzyme assay) test is at least 3000 times lowerthan IC50 of MAO-A, at least 100 times lower than IC50 of MAO-B, or at least 100 times lowerthan IC50 of DAO.
• "significantly high inhibitory activity” means the IC50 for VAP-l obtained from the in vitro enzyme analysis (in vitro enzyme assay) test is at least 3000 times lower than IC50 of MAO- A, at least 100 times lower than IC50 of MAO-B, and at least 100 times lower than IC50 of DAO.
• A may preferably be pyridine.
• A is phenyl.
• A is pyrazine.
• A is thiazole.
• Formula X or Formula 1 an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, A is , . f Formula X or Formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, A is . In some embodiments of Formula X or Formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,, A is . In some embodiments of Formula X or Formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, A is . In some embodiments of Formula X or Formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically
• A is In some embodiments of Formula X or Formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,, A is
• said aryl or heteroayl group is substituted with one to two substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, halogen, -R, and -CoC-R.
• R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazole.
• said cyclic ring is unsubstituted; or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and oxazolyl.
• said aryl or heteroaryl group can be optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, halogen, -R, and -CoC-R.
• said R may be a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazole. More preferably, said cyclic ring may be unsubstituted; or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and oxazolyl.
• said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with C1-3 alkyl.
• said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with C1-3 alkoxy.
• a compound of Formula X or 1 an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with halogen. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula X or 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with benzyloxy. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula X or 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with -R. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula X or 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said aryl or heteroaryl group is substituted with -CFh-R.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted benzene.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted
• phenylbenzene In some embodiments of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11,
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyridine.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyridine.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• said R is substituted or unsubstituted pyridin-2-one.
• an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, l lb, l lc, l ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted thiophene.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted thiazole.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld,
• R is substituted or unsubstituted imidazole.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted piperazine.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a
• R is substituted or unsubstituted morpholine.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted benzodioxole.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine.
• a compound of Formulae X,l, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted indazole.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted indole.
• a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted l,3-dihydroindol-2-one.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• said R is substituted or unsubstituted l,2-dihydroindol-3-one.
• an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted quinoline.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline.
• a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted quinolin-2-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-l,4-benzoxazine.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted 1,4- benzoxazin-3-one.
• a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof said R is substituted or unsubstituted 3, l-benzoxazin-2-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-one.
• a compound of Formulae X 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, 1 le, or 12, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said R is substituted or unsubstituted 2,3-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-b][l,4]oxazine.
• said R is substituted or unsubstituted
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrido[2,3- b][l,4]oxazin-2-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrido[2,3- b][l,4]oxazin-2-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted pyrido[3,2-b][l,4]oxazin-3-one.
• R is substituted or unsubstituted dibenzo[b,d]furan.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is unsubstituted.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with hydroxy, halogen, Ci- 6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, Ci-6alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, mono- or di- Ci-6 alkylamino, Ci- 6 alkylcarbonylamino, Ci-6alkylthio, mono- or di- Ci- 6 alkylaminosulfonyl, Ci- 6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci- 6 alkylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl,
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with hydroxyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with halogen.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci- 6 alkyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with trifluoromethyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci- 6 alkoxy.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with trifluoromethoxy.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with amino.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with mono- or di- Ci-6 alkylamino.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with mono-Ci-6 alkylamino.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with di- C i-6 alkylamino.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6 alkylthio.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with mono- or di- Ci-6 alkylaminosulfonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with mono-Ci-6 alkylaminosulfonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with di- Ci-6 alkylaminosulfonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6alkylsulfonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with morpholinylcarbonyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with benzodioxolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with pyrrolidinyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with piperazinyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with acetylpiperazinyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with morpholinyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with tetrahydropyranyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with triazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with tetrazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with oxazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with isoxazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with isoxazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with oxadiazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with cyclopropyl -oxadiazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6 alkyl -oxadiazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with Ci-6 alkyl -oxadiazolyl.
• R is a cyclic ring, and said cyclic ring is substituted with oxadiazol-5-onyl.
• a compound wherein A is pyridine; said pyridine is substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of Ci-3 alkyl, halogen, -R, and -CoC-R; said R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, and pyrazole; and said cyclic ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of Ci-6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and oxazolyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided.
• a compound of Formula X or Formula 1, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from the following compounds, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• the preferred compound may be a compound selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 2-[(2Z)-2-(aminomethyl)-3-fluoroprop-2-en-l-yl]-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,4-dihydro- 3H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3 -one;
• the more preferred compound may be a compound selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12 or a salt thereof may exist as the geometric isomer of a cis or trans structure.
• the compound of Formula 1 or salt thereof comprises both geometric isomers of cis and trans structures.
• the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12 of the present technology can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt represents salts or zwitterionic forms of the compounds of the present technology which are water or oil-soluble or dispersible; which are suitable for treatment of diseases without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic -response; which are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio; and which are effective for their intended use.
• the salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by, for example, reacting the appropriate compound in the form of the free base with a suitable acid.
• Such salts include conventional acid addition salts, e.g., a salt derived from inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid and a salt derived from organic acid such as acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, stearic acid, citric acid, maleic, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, phenylacetic acid, glutamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
• said salts include conventional metal salt types, e.g. a salt
• the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12 or a salt thereof according to the technology may be prepared by various methods.
• a preparation process comprising the step of reacting a compound of Formula 2 with a compound of Formula 3a or a compound of Formula 3b to obtain a compound of Formula laa; and the step of deprotecting said compound of Formula laa.
• Boc is an amine protecting group (e.g., tert-butoxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (FMOC), benzyloxycarbonyl(CBZ), triphenylmethyl(trityl), etc.)
• A' is an aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridine, pyrazine, and thiazole;
• Z is hydroxy or C 1-3 alkoxy, or two Z
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic ring, optionally containing at least one heteroatom, and the cyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic.
• R is a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of benzene, phenylbenzene, pyridine, tetrahydropyridine, pyridin-2-one, pyrimidine, thiophene, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, piperazine, morpholine, benzodioxole, benzoxadiazole, benzothiophene, benzothiazole, 2,3-dihydro-benzodioxine, indazole, indole, 1,3- dihydroindol-2-one, l,2-dihydroindol-3-one, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolin-2-one, 3,4- dihydroquinolin-2-one, 3,4-dihydro- l,4-benzoxazine, l,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 3,l-benzoxazin- 2-one, 2,3-di
• alkylaminosulfonyl Ci-6 alkylsulfonyl, Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl, benzodioxolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, acetylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, cyclopropyl-oxadiazolyl, Ci-6 alkyl- oxadiazolyl, and oxadiazol-5-onyl.
• the reaction of the compound of Formula 2 above with a commercially available compound of Formula 3a may be carried out via Suzuki reaction. Said reaction can be carried out by using a palladium catalyst.
• the palladium catalyst includes palladium diacetate (Pd(OAc)2), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd2(dba)3),
• a ligand and a base can be added in addition to the palladium catalyst.
• Said ligand includes (.V)-2 2-bis(diphcnylphospino)- 1.1 -binaphthyl(BINAP).
• said base includes an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate(Cs2C03), sodium
• the reaction may be carried out, in a non-polar organic solvent such as benzene or toluene, or a polar solvent such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, l,2-dimethoxyethane, N.N- dimethylformamide, or the like, at a temperature ranging from 50 °C to 150 °C, preferably from 80 °C to 110 °C.
• Other reaction conditions including e.g., reaction time, may be determined from the reaction conditions for conventional Suzuki reaction (Barbara Czako and Laszlo Kuril, STRATEGIC APPLICATIONS of NAMED REACTIONS in ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, 2005). Further, the reaction of the compound of Formula 2 and the
• the coupling reaction may be carried out at room temperature or a heated temperature, e.g., a temperature ranging from 20 °C to 60 °C.
• said coupling reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base such as a diisopropylamine, a triethylamine, etc. and a ligand such as triphenylphosphine, or the like.
• Deprotection of the compound of Formula laa can be carried out by conventional methods of removing an amine protecting group.
• said amine protecting group in an organic solvent such as dichloromethane, etc. can be removed in the form of a free amine by using an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or can be removed in the form of a hydrochloride salt by using hydrogen chloride melt in the organic solvents, diethyl ether, l,4-dioxane, etc.
• the compound of Formula 2 can be prepared according to the following Reaction Scheme 1.
• the compound of Formula 4 is commercially available.
• the compound of Formula 4 can be converted to the compound of Formula 5 via nucleophilic acylsubstitution reaction.
• Said nucleophilic acylsubstitution reaction can be carried out at 0 °C to room temperature by using pyridine or triethylamine, etc. in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, etc. (Chunquan Sheng; Xiaoying Che; Wenya Wang; Shengzheng Wang; Yongbing Cao; Zhenyuan Miao; Jianzhong Yao; Wannian Zhang, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 5276-5282, 2011).
• the compound of Formula 5 can be converted to the compound of Formula 6 via hydrazinolysis reaction.
• the hydrazinolysis reaction can be carried out according to known methods (e.g., WO 2005/014583, etc.).
• the compound of Formula 6 can be converted to the compound of Formula 7 via cyclization reaction.
• the cyclization reaction can be carried out at room temperature to 80°C by using an acetic acid in NN-d i m e th y 1 fo rm amide (Chunquan Sheng; Xiaoying Che; Wenya Wang; Shengzheng Wang; Yongbing Cao; Zhenyuan Miao; Jianzhong Yao; Wannian Zhang, EuropeanJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 5276-5282, 2011).
• the coupling reaction of the compound of Formula 7 with the compound of Formula 9 can be carried out in the presence of a base and a solvent.
• Said base may be cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc.
• said solvent may be an organic solvent such as NN-d i m c th y 1 fo rm am i dc . dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc. Further, said reaction can be carried out at room temperature to l00°C.
• the compound of Formula 9 can be obtained from chlorination reaction of the commercially available compound of Formula 8. Said chlorination reaction can be carried out in the presence of conventional inorganic bases and organic solvents.
• aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives i.e., the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, have a selective inhibitory activity on VAP-l, and thus, can be usefully applied in the prevention or treatment of a disease mediated by VAP-l .
• the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, 1 le, or 12 according to the present technology, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be usefully applied, for example, in the prevention or treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
• NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives according to the present technology, i.e., the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of lipid and lipoprotein disorders (such as, but not limited to, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis), of conditions and diseases which result from chronic fatty and fibrotic degeneration of organs due to accumulated lipid and specifically triglyceride accumulation and subsequent activation of profibrotic pathways (such as, but not limited to, NASH and chronic cholestatic conditions in the liver, Glomerulosclerosis and Diabetic Nephropathy in the kidney, Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retin
• hyperproliferative disorders such as, but not limited to, different forms of cancer, specifically certain forms of breast, liver or colon cancer, or a disorder selected from the group consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenoma, and polyposis
• colon adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in particular, of liver steatosis and associated syndromes, of Hepatitis B infection, of Hepatitis C infection and/or of cholestatic and fibrotic effects that are associated with alcohol-induced cirrhosis or with viral-borne forms of hepatitis, of liver failure or liver malfunction as an outcome of chronic liver diseases or of surgical liver resection, of acute myocardial infarction, of acute stroke, of thrombosis which occurs as an endpoint of chronic obstructive atherosclerosis, of osteoarthritis, of rheumatoid arthritis, of psoriasis, or of cerebral infarction, individually or of any combination thereof.
• the compounds and/or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are used for prophylaxis and/or treatment of chronic intrahepatic conditions, such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), progressive familiar cholestasis (PFIC), alcohol-induced cirrhosis and associated cholestasis, and some forms of extrahepatic cholestatic conditions, or liver fibrosis.
• chronic intrahepatic conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), progressive familiar cholestasis (PFIC), alcohol-induced cirrhosis and associated cholestasis, and some forms of extrahepatic cholestatic conditions, or liver fibrosis.
• PBC Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• PSC Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
• PFIC progressive familiar cholestasis
• alcohol-induced cirrhosis and associated cholestasis and some forms of extra
• a method to treat chronic intrahepatic conditions and/or some forms of extrahepatic cholestatic conditions in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the chronic intrahepatic conditions are selected from PBC, PSC, PFIC, and alcohol-induced cirrhosis and associated cholestasis.
• a method to treat liver fibrosis in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• lipid and lipoprotein disorder in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the lipid and lipoprotein disorder is selected from hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis.
• a method to treat a condition or disease which results from chronic fatty and fibrotic degeneration of organs due to accumulated lipid and specifically triglyceride accumulation and subsequent activation of profibrotic pathways in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the condition or disease which results from chronic fatty and fibrotic degeneration of organs due to accumulated lipid and specifically triglyceride accumulation and subsequent activation of profibrotic pathways is selected from NASH and chronic cholestatic conditions in the liver, Glomerulosclerosis and Diabetic Nephropathy in the kidney, Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy in the eye, and neurodegenerative diseases.
• neurodegenerative diseases are selected from Alzheimer's Disease in the brain, and Diabetic Neuropathies in the peripheral nervous system.
• provided herein is a method to treat Type I or Type II Diabetes and clinical complications of Type I and Type II Diabetes in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat Type I Diabetes in a patient in need thereof the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• provided herein is a method to treat Type II Diabetes in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat one or more clinical complications of Type I and Type II Diabetes in a patient in need thereof the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the clinical complications of Type I and Type II Diabetes are selected from Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Neuropathies, and Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD), or any combination thereof.
• a method to treat acute intraheptic cholestatic conditions in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat obstructive or chronic inflammatory disorders that arise out of improper bile composition in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the obstructive or chronic inflammatory disorders that arise out of improper bile composition is cholelithiasis also known as cholesterol gallstones.
• a method to treat gastrointestinal conditions with a reduced uptake of dietary fat and fat-soluble dietary vitamins in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat inflammatory bowel diseases in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat persistent infections by intracellular bacteria or parasitic protozoae in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat non-malignant hyperproliferative disorders in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• provided herein is a method to treat malignant
• hyperproliferative disorders in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• malignant hyperproliferative disorders are selected from different forms of cancer, specifically certain forms of breast, liver or colon cancer, or a disorder selected from the group consisting of hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenoma, and polyposis.
• a method to treat colon adenocarcinoma in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat liver steatosis and associated syndromes in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat Hepatitis B infection in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat Hepatitis C infection in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat cholestatic and fibrotic effects that are associated with alcohol-induced cirrhosis or with viral-borne forms of hepatitis in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• provided herein is a method to treat liver failure or liver malfunction as an outcome of chronic liver diseases or of surgical liver resection in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat acute myocardial infarction in a patient in need thereof the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat acute stroke in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• thrombosis which occurs as an endpoint of chronic obstructive atherosclerosis in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat osteoarthritis in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat psoriasis in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• a method to treat cerebral infarction in a patient in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a composition disclosed herein.
• the present technology includes a pharmaceutical composition for selectively inhibiting vascular adhesion protein- 1 (VAP-l), comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
• VAP-l vascular adhesion protein- 1
• the present technology provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
• NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating NASH comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
• NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• the present technology provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetic nephropathy comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• the present technology provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating primary sclerosing cholangitis comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating primary sclerosing cholangitis comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may be combined with one or more additional therapies for the prevention or treatment of a disease or condition amenable to treatment by inhibition of VAP- 1.
• compositions disclosed herein contain at least one additional active agent.
• Exemplary additional active agents include, but are not limited to, one or more of a(n) ACE inhibitor, Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor, Adenosine A3 receptor agonist, Adiponectin receptor agonist, AKT protein kinase inhibitor, AMP -activated protein kinases (AMPK), Amylin receptor agonist, Angiotensin II AT-l receptor antagonist, Apoptosis Signaling Kinase 1 inhibitor, Autotaxin inhibitors, Bioactive lipid, Calcitonin agonist, Caspase inhibitor, Caspase-3 stimulator, Cathepsin inhibitor, Caveolin 1 inhibitor, CCR2 chemokine antagonist, CCR3 chemokine antagonist, CCR5 chemokine antagonist, Chloride channel stimulator, CNR1 inhibitor, Cyclin Dl inhibitor, Cytochrome P450 7A1 inhibitor, DGAT1/2 inhibitor, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, Endosialin modulator, Eotaxin ligand inhibitor
• MicroRNA-2l(miR-2l) inhibitor Mitochondrial uncoupler, Myelin basic protein stimulator, NACHT ERR PYD domain protein 3 (NFRP3) inhibitor , NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin stimulator, NADPH oxidase inhibitor (NOX), Nicotinic acid receptor 1 agonist, P2Y13 purinoceptor stimulator, PDE 3 inhibitor, PDE 4 inhibitor, PDE 5 inhibitor, PDGF receptor beta modulator, Phospholipase C inhibitor, PPAR alpha agonist, PPAR delta agonist, PPAR gamma agonist, PPAR gamma modulator, Protease -activated receptor-2 antagonist, Protein kinase modulator, Rho associated protein kinase inhibitor, Sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor, SREBP transcription factor inhibitor, STAT-l inhibitor, Stearoyl CoA desaturase-l inhibitor, Suppressor of cytokine signalling- 1 stimulator, Suppressor
• the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or the isomer thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one additional active agent may be administered in any order or even simultaneously.
• the multiple active agents may be provided in a single, unified form, or in multiple forms (by way of example only, either as a single pill or as two separate pills).
• One of the active agents may be given in multiple doses, or both may be given as multiple doses. If not simultaneous, the timing between the multiple doses may vary from more than zero weeks to less than four weeks.
• the combination methods, compositions and formulations are not to be limited to the use of only two agents.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present technology may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as diluents, disintegrants, sweetening agents, glidants, or flavoring agents and may be formulated into an oral dosage form such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, suspensions, emulsions, or syrups; or a parenteral dosage form such as liquids for external use suspensions for external use, emulsions for external use, gels (ointments or the like), inhaling agents, spraying agents, injections, etc.
• Said dosage forms may be formulated in various forms, e.g., a dosage form for single administration or for multiple administrations.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present technology may include excipients such as lactose, com starch, or the like, glidants such as magnesium stearate, etc., emulsifying agents, suspending agents, stabilizers, and isotonic agents, etc. If desired, a sweetening agent and/or a flavoring agent may be added.
• Exemplary excipients include, without limitation, polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydrogenated castor oil (HCO), cremophors, carbohydrates, starches (e.g., com starch), inorganic salts, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, binders/fdlers, surfactants, lubricants (e.g., calcium or magnesium stearate), glidants such as talc, disintegrants, diluents, buffers, acids, bases, fdm coats, combinations thereof, and the like.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• HCO hydrogenated castor oil
• cremophors carb
• starches e.g., com starch
• inorganic salts e.g., antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, binders/fdlers, surfactants, lubricants (e.g., calcium or magnesium stearate), glidants such as talc, disintegrants, diluents, buffers, acids, bases,
• Specific carbohydrate excipients include, for example: monosaccharides, such as fmctose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, and the like; disaccharides, such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, and the like; polysaccharides, such as raffmose, melezitose, maltodextrins, dextrans, starches, and the like; and alditols, such as mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, xylitol, sorbitol (glucitol), pyranosyl sorbitol, myoinositol, and the like.
• monosaccharides such as fmctose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, and the like
• disaccharides such
• Inorganic salt or buffers include, but are not limited to, citric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, and combinations thereof.
• Suitable antioxidants for use in the present disclosure include, for example, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, hypophosphorous acid, monothioglycerol, propyl gallate, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, sodium metabisulfite, and combinations thereof.
• Additional exemplary excipients include surfactants such as polysorbates, e.g., “Tween 20” and“Tween 80,” and pluronics such as F68 and F88 (both of which are available from BASF, Mount Olive, N.J.), sorbitan esters, lipids (e.g., phospholipids such as lecithin and other phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines), fatty acids and fatty esters, steroids such as cholesterol, and chelating agents, such as EDTA, zinc and other such suitable cations.
• surfactants such as polysorbates, e.g., “Tween 20” and“Tween 80,” and pluronics such as F68 and F88 (both of which are available from BASF, Mount Olive, N.J.), sorbitan esters, lipids (e.g., phospholipids such as lecithin and other phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanol
• composition disclosed herein may optionally include one or more acids or bases.
• acids that can be used include those acids selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, trichloroacetic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, and combinations thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable bases include bases selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium citrate, sodium formate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium fumerate, and combinations thereof.
• the amount of any individual excipient in the composition will vary depending on the role of the excipient, the dosage requirements of the active agent components, and particular needs of the composition. [0150] Generally, however, the excipient will be present in the composition in an amount of about 1% to about 99% by weight, preferably from about 5% to about 98% by weight, more preferably from about 15 to about 95% by weight of the excipient. In general, the amount of excipient present in a composition of the disclosure is selected from the following: at least about 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or even 95% by weight.
• composition of the present technology can be administered orally or parenterally, including inhalation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration. Therefore, the composition of the present technology can be formulated into various forms such as tablets, capsules, aqueous solutions, suspensions, or the like.
• carriers such as lactose, com starch, and lubricating agents, e.g. magnesium stearate, can be conventionally added thereto.
• lactose and/or dried com starch can be used as a diluent.
• an aqueous suspension is required for oral administration, the active ingredient can be combined with emulsifying and/or suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening agents and/or flavoring agents can be added thereto.
• intramuscular, intraperitoneal for intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
• composition of the present technology may be in the form of an aqueous solution containing pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, e.g., saline having a pH level of 7.4.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers e.g., saline having a pH level of 7.4.
• the solutions may be introduced into a patient's intramuscular blood-stream by local bolus injection.
• Said aryl or heteroaryl triazolone derivatives i.e. the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered to a patient in an effective amount ranging from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg per day.
• a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will range from a total daily dosage of about 0.1 mg/day to 1000 mg/day, about 30-720 mg/day, about 60-600 mg/day, or about 100-480 mg/day, or more. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formulae X, 1,
• 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, will range from about 1-240 mg/day, about 30-240 mg/day, about 30- 200 mg/day, about 30-120 mg/day, about 1-120 mg/day, about 50-150 mg/day, about 60-150 mg/day, about 60-120 mg/day, or about 60-100 mg/day, administered as either a single dosage or as multiple dosages.
• multiple dosages include two, three, or four doses per day.
• the therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least 0.1 mg/day, at least 0.5 mg/day, at least 1 mg/day, at least 5 mg/day, at least 10 mg/day, at least 20 mg/day, at least 30 mg/day, at least 40 mg/day, at least 50 mg/day, at least 60 mg/day, at least 70 mg/day, at least 80 mg/day, at least 90 mg/day, at least 100 mg/day, at least 110 mg/day, at least 120 mg/day, at least 130 mg/day, at least 140 mg/day, at least 150 mg/day, at least 160 mg/day, at least 170 mg/day, at least 180 mg/day, at least 190 mg/day, at least 200 mg/day, at least 0.1 mg/day, at least
• the dosage may be changed according to the patient's age, weight, susceptibility, symptom, or the efficacy of the compound.
• the present technology provides a method of selectively inhibiting vascular adhesion protein (VAP)-l in a mammal, comprising administering, to the mammal, a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, 1 lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present technology provides a method for treating nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH), comprising administering, to a mammal, a NASH, nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH), comprising administering, to a mammal, a
• NASH nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis
• a method for treating NASH in a subject in need thereof comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound ofFormulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, l lb, l lc, l ld, l le, or 12, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Mammals include, but are not limited to, mice, rodents, rats, simians, humans, farm animals, dogs, cats, sport animals, and pets.
• the present technology provides a use of the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, 1 la, l lb, 1 lc, 1 ld, 1 le, or 12 above, or an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the preparation of a medicament for selectively inhibiting a vascular adhesion protein-l (VAP-l) in mammals.
• the present technology provides a use of the compound of Formulae X, 1, 10, lOa, lOb, 11, l la, l lb,
• NASH nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis
• Step 1 phenyl (4-bromophenyl)carbamate
• Step 3 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazol-3-one
• Step 1 (E)-4-bromo-N-((dimethylamino)methylene)benzamide
• Step 2 3-(4-bromophenyl)-lH-l, 2, 4-triazole
• Step 3 3-(4-bromophenyl)-l-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-lH- 1,2, 4-triazole
• 1.5 g of 3 -(4-bromophenyl)- 1H- 1,2, 4-triazole prepared in Step 2 was dissolved in 5.0 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and the resulting reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C. To the reaction mixture, 0.32 g of sodium hydride was added, and then the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
• Step 4 3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-l-((2-

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