WO2019170694A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un électrolyte polymère solide utile dans des batteries - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'un électrolyte polymère solide utile dans des batteries Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019170694A1 WO2019170694A1 PCT/EP2019/055477 EP2019055477W WO2019170694A1 WO 2019170694 A1 WO2019170694 A1 WO 2019170694A1 EP 2019055477 W EP2019055477 W EP 2019055477W WO 2019170694 A1 WO2019170694 A1 WO 2019170694A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to a process for preparing a solid polymer electrolyte and to the thus obtainable electrolyte, as well as to
- commercial batteries comprise at least an ionically conducting salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
- Liquid electrolytes are characterised by a high ionic conductivity and good wetting of the electrodes surface.
- Liquid electrolytes may have though the drawback that leakage can occur, and even combustion at least for some organic liquid electrolytes.
- Fluoropolymers are known in the art to be suitable for the manufacture of different components for use in electrochemical devices such as lithium- ion batteries, such as separators, binders and as polymer electrolytes too.
- PVdF Polyvinylidenefluoride
- PVdF-HFP polyvinylidenefluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene
- this invention provides a process for the preparation of a solid polymer electrolyte comprising the steps of:
- polymer (FP) in the form of nanoparticles, said polymer (FP) comprising recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) in an amount of at least 50% by mole with respect to the total moles of recurring units of polymer (FP), and recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer (FM) different from vinylidene fluoride in an amount of at least 2.5% by mole with respect to the total moles of recurring units of polymer (FP);
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- FM fluorinated monomer
- step iv) forming a dry powder from the gel coming from step iii); v) mixing said dry powder with an ionic liquid wherein at least a lithium salt is dissolved, and submitting the resulting mixture to hot pressing.
- the present invention provides a solid polymer
- electrolyte comprising at least a fluoropolymer (FP) and inorganic nanoparticles, at least a lithium salt and an ionic liquid, obtainable by the above said process.
- FP fluoropolymer
- ionic liquid obtainable by the above said process.
- the present invention provides electrochemical devices comprising the above said solid polymer electrolyte.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the microchannel
- Figure 2 shows the distribution curves before and after one passage
- Figure 3 shows SEM pictures of two gels used in the examples ( Figure 3a and Figure 3b, respectively), obtained by dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles into the dispersion of polymer after a single passage in the microchannel.
- Figure 4 shows SEM images at 20k magnitude and at 350k magnitude of the surface of films ( Figure 4a and Figure 4b, respectively) obtained by compression moulding at 120°C and 10 kN for 5 minutes for a mixture of 30% FP/S1O2 and 70% ionic liquid/Li salt.
- VDF vinylidene fluoride 1 ,1-difluoroethylene
- fluorinated monomer FM
- FM fluorinated monomer
- fluorinated monomer comprise at least one hydrogen atom, it is designated as hydrogen-containing fluorinated monomer.
- the fluorinated monomer may further comprise one or more other halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I).
- Non-limiting examples of suitable fluorinated monomers include, notably, the followings:
- - (per)fluoroalkylvinylethers of formula CF2 CF0CF20R f 2 wherein R f 2 is a C1-C6 fluoro- or perfluoroalkyl group, e.g. CF3, C2F5, C3F7 or a C1-C6 (per)fluorooxyalkyl group having one or more ether groups such as -C2F 5 - O-CFs;
- the fluorinated monomer (FM) is preferably hexafluoropropylene (HFP).
- At least another fluorinated monomer (FM2) different from (FM) and from VDF may be included in polymer (FP).
- vinylidene fluoride such as, but not limited to, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and fluoroalkyl vinyl ether and their mixtures.
- vinyl fluoride trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and fluoroalkyl vinyl ether and their mixtures.
- CTFE trifluoroethylene
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- fluoroalkyl vinyl ether such as, but not limited to, vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and fluoroalkyl vinyl ether
- the fluorinated monomer is comprised in an amount of at least 4.0% by mole with respect to the total moles of the recurring units of polymer (FP).
- the fluoropolymer in the aqueous dispersion is a core-shell polymer having a core of polymer (FP) as defined above and a shell comprising at least an acrylate, for instance selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate
- Aqueous dispersions comprising a core-shell polymer (FP) as above
- step i) the polymer (FP) is dispersed in water typically at a
- concentration comprised between 15% wt and 40% wt, preferably between 20% wt and 30% wt.
- the polymer (FP) possesses a primary particle average size of less than 1 pm.
- the term "primary particles” is intended to denote primary particles of polymer (FP) deriving directly from aqueous emulsion polymerization, without isolation of the polymer from the emulsion (i.e. the latex). Primary particles of polymer (FP) are thus to be intended distinguishable from agglomerates (i.e.
- the aqueous dispersion in step i) of the invention is thus distinguishable from an aqueous slurry that can be prepared by dispersing powders of a polymer in an aqueous medium.
- the average particle size of powders of a polymer or copolymer dispersed in an aqueous slurry is typically higher than 1 pm, as measured according to ISO 13321.
- the primary particles average size of the particles of polymer (FP) in the aqueous dispersion in step i) is above 20 nm, more preferably above 30 nm, even more preferably above 50 nm, and/or is below to 600 nm, more preferably below 400 and even more preferably below 350 nm as measured according to ISO 13321.
- dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles having a negative zeta potential is meant a dispersion of any inorganic nanoparticle having a pH higher than its isoelectric point (IEP).
- Non-limiting examples of inorganic nanoparticles of possible use according to this invention are silicon dioxide (also referred to herein as“silica”), aluminium oxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium dioxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and niobium oxide.
- inventions are silicon dioxide nanoparticles, and more preferably they are precipitated silica.
- precipitated silica it is meant herein a silica that is typically prepared by precipitation from a solution containing silicate salts (such as sodium silicate), with an acidifying agent (such as sulphuric acid).
- silicate salts such as sodium silicate
- acidifying agent such as sulphuric acid
- Precipitated silica used in this invention may be prepared by implementing the methods already described in EP396450A, EP520862A, EP670813A, EP670814A, EP762992A, EP762993A, EP917519A, EP1355856A, W003/016215, W02009/112458, WO2011/117400, WO2013/110659, WO2013/139934, W02008/000761.
- Non-limiting examples of precipitated silica which could be used in the present invention are for instance Tixosil® 365 and Zeosil® 1085 GR, all commercially available from Solvay.
- the inorganic nanoparticles can be suitably dispersed in water by means of mechanical stirring or sonication, typically at concentration of at least 10% wt and at most 40% wt.
- step iii) the mixture resulting from the addition of the aqueous
- step i) and the aqueous dispersion of step ii) suitably contains inorganic nanoparticles having a negative zeta potential and polymer (FP) nanoparticles in a weight ratio as dry components that is comprised between 1 :99 and 50:50, preferably between 5:95 and 40:60, more preferably between 10:90 and 20:80.
- inorganic nanoparticles having a negative zeta potential and polymer (FP) nanoparticles in a weight ratio as dry components that is comprised between 1 :99 and 50:50, preferably between 5:95 and 40:60, more preferably between 10:90 and 20:80.
- FP polymer
- step iii) the mixture resulting from the addition of the aqueous dispersion of step i) and the aqueous dispersion of step ii) is subjected to intense shear in order to provide a gel.
- the apparatus for making a gel from the aqueous dispersion of polymer (FP) and the aqueous dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles to provide a gel is not particularly limited,
- intense shearing is performed in a microchannel according to a microfluidic procedure; the operating pressure in the microchannel typically ranges from 80 to 160 bar; preferably the operating pressure is of approximately 120 bar.
- the term’’ionic liquid is intended to denote a compound formed by the combination of a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion in the liquid state at temperatures below 100°C under atmospheric pressure.
- the term“ionic liquid” indicates a compound free from one or more solvents.
- a positively charged cation selected from the group consisting of imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and piperidinium ions optionally containing one or more C1-C30 alkyl groups, and
- a negatively charged anion selected from the group consisting of halides, perfluorinated anions and borates.
- Non-limiting examples of C1-C30 alkyl groups include, notably, methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-propyl, hexyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, heptyl, 2,2- dimethyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-hexyl, octyl, 4-methyl-3-heptyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl groups.
- Rn and R22 independently represent a Ci-Cs alkyl group and R33, R44, R55 and R66, equal to or different from each other, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1 -C30 alkyl group, preferably a C1 -C18 alkyl group, more preferably a Ci- Cs alkyl group, and
- the positively charged cation of the ionic liquid is more preferably selected from the group consisting of:
- the negatively charged anion of the ionic liquid is preferably selected from the group consisting of:
- the ionic liquid even more preferably contains a pyrrolidinium cation of formula ( 11 -A) as defined above and a perfluorinated anion selected from the groups consisting of bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide of formula (S0 2 CF 3 ) 2 N-, hexafluorophosphate of formula PF6 and tetrafluoroborate of formula BF 4 -.
- the ionic liquid is N-propyl-N-methylpirrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (also indicated in the following by the commercial product reference Pyr1308), having the following formula:
- step v) the powder obtained by drying gel coming from step iii) is then mixed with an ionic liquid and Lithium salt, the resulting mixture submitted to a hot pressing.
- the hot pressing in step v) of the present process is a treatment at a
- the weight ratio of powder coming from step iii) and solution obtained dissolving Li salt in ionic liquid is advantageously comprised between 10:90 and 90: 10, preferably between 20:80 and 80:20, more preferably between 30:70 and 60:40.
- electrochemical device it is hereby intended to denote an electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein a monolayer or multilayer separator is adhered to at least one surface of one of said electrodes.
- Non-limitative examples of suitable electrochemical devices include,
- Non-limitative examples of secondary batteries include, notably, alkaline or alkaline-earth secondary batteries.
- the present invention encompasses an electronic device comprising a solid polymer electrolyte obtainable by the above said process.
- the present solid polymer electrolyte is particularly suitable for use in lithium-ion batteries, which is preferably a separator-free secondary battery.
- the term“separator-free batteries” refers to batteries having a negative electrode comprising an active material, which releases lithium ions when discharging and absorbs lithium ions when the battery is being charged, wherein a self-standing electrolyte is placed within said negative electrode and the positive electrode, without the need for a physical separator.
- Acetone puriss. p.a.,399.5%)
- lithium hexafl uorophosphate solution (1 M in Ethylene carbonate and Dimethyl carbonate 50/50 (v/v)
- ionic liquid N- Propyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide
- POLYMER A VdF-HFP copolymer with about 11 wt.% or 5 mol% of HFP, obtained by emulsion polymerisation carried out using an anionic surfactant as stabiliser.
- the average clusters size and the polydispersity index (PDI) were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern. By the same instrument the electrophoretic mobility of primary particles was measured too, and the Zeta potential was estimated through the Smoluchowski model (see Israelachvili J., Intermolecular and surface forces, Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2011) at a concentration of 0.01 wt.% and 25°C with 10 mM NaCI. The solid content was measured using a HG53 Halogen Moisture Analyzer from Mettler-Toledo. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to verify the size of the dispersed clusters.
- Table 1 The so-measured properties of the dispersions of S1O2 nanoclusters prepared as described above are summarised in the following Table 1. Table 1
- a continuous film was obtained according to the process of the present invention, starting from a composite Si0 2 :POLYMER A at ratio 10:90, wherein such composite is mixed with electrolyte solution (LiTFSI 0,5M in Pyr1308b) in ratio 30:70 and finally by hot pressing at 120°C.
- electrolyte solution LiTFSI 0,5M in Pyr1308b
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un électrolyte polymère solide comprenant au moins des nanoparticules de fluoropolymère, des nanoparticules inorganiques ayant un potentiel zêta négatif, au moins un sel de lithium et un liquide ionique; l'électrolyte polymère solide pouvant être obtenu à partir de celui-ci; et son utilisation dans des dispositifs électrochimiques.
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EP18305247.1 | 2018-03-08 | ||
EP18305247 | 2018-03-08 |
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WO2019170694A1 true WO2019170694A1 (fr) | 2019-09-12 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022021231A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Liquides ioniques supramoléculaires, membrane électrolytique à l'état solide, batterie métal-lithium à l'état solide et dispositif |
WO2023182083A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Composition pour batterie secondaire |
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EP0762993A1 (fr) | 1995-03-29 | 1997-03-19 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Nouveau procede de preparation de silice precipitee, nouvelles silices precipitees contenant de l'aluminium et leur utilisation au renforcement des elastomeres |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022021231A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Liquides ioniques supramoléculaires, membrane électrolytique à l'état solide, batterie métal-lithium à l'état solide et dispositif |
WO2023182083A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Composition pour batterie secondaire |
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