WO2019163797A1 - 繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法、樹脂組成物、被膜及び積層体 - Google Patents
繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法、樹脂組成物、被膜及び積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019163797A1 WO2019163797A1 PCT/JP2019/006197 JP2019006197W WO2019163797A1 WO 2019163797 A1 WO2019163797 A1 WO 2019163797A1 JP 2019006197 W JP2019006197 W JP 2019006197W WO 2019163797 A1 WO2019163797 A1 WO 2019163797A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
- C09D101/08—Cellulose derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
- C08B15/04—Carboxycellulose, e.g. prepared by oxidation with nitrogen dioxide
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B5/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of inorganic acids, e.g. phosphates
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C08K5/19—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
- C09D101/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C09D101/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fibrous cellulose-containing coating, a resin composition, a coating, and a laminate.
- cellulose fibers have been widely used in clothing, absorbent articles, paper products and the like.
- As the cellulose fiber in addition to fibrous cellulose having a fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, fine fibrous cellulose having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is also known. Fine fibrous cellulose is attracting attention as a new material, and its uses are diverse. For example, development of sheets and resin composites containing fine fibrous cellulose is being promoted.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a fine cellulose fiber composite formed by adsorbing a surfactant on fine cellulose fibers containing a carboxyl group. In the Example of patent document 1, the fine cellulose fiber and resin are melt-kneaded, The content of the fine cellulose fiber in the composite material obtained in this way is 0.5 mass% or less.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a cellulose nanofiber dispersion in which cellulose nanofibers in which linear or branched molecules having an average molecular weight of 300 or more are bonded to cellulose molecules via a carboxyl group and an amino group are dispersed in a dispersion medium. Is disclosed. In the Example of patent document 2, the cellulose nanofiber composite film is produced by mixing a cellulose nanofiber dispersion and polylactic acid.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a laminate in which a base material and an anchor layer and a fine cellulose fiber layer containing fine cellulose fibers having a carboxyl group are provided in this order on one surface of the base material. .
- JP 2011-140738 A International Publication No. 2013/077354 International Publication No. 2012/070441
- the coating film formed from the resin composition containing fine fibrous cellulose is in close contact with the substrate.
- the inventors of the present invention have been researching on a resin composition containing fine fibrous cellulose, and when applying the resin composition containing fine fibrous cellulose to a substrate or the like, It was found that there was a problem that the familiarity was poor and a film was not formed on the base material, and the adhesion between the film and the base material could not be obtained sufficiently.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition capable of forming a film having excellent adhesion to a substrate.
- the present inventors have determined the content of fine fibrous cellulose in a resin composition containing fine fibrous cellulose, organic onium ions, a resin and an organic solvent. It has been found that when the amount is not less than the predetermined amount, a film excellent in adhesion to the substrate can be formed, and the present invention has been completed. Specifically, the present invention has the following configuration.
- a step of mixing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less and organic onium A step of mixing a fibrous cellulose mixture obtained in the mixing step, an organic solvent and a resin to obtain a resin composition; Applying a resin composition onto a substrate, The fibrous cellulose has an anionic group, and the content of the anionic group is 0.50 mmol / g or more, The manufacturing method of the fibrous cellulose containing film whose content of the fibrous cellulose in a resin composition is 1 mass% or more.
- a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms is included.
- B The total carbon number is 16 or more.
- G value (surface tension of resin composition (mN / m) / (surface tension of organic solvent component contained in resin composition (mN / m))
- the coating according to [6] wherein the content of organic onium ions is 4% by mass or more based on the total mass of the coating.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of dropped NaOH and electrical conductivity for a fiber material having a phosphate group.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of dropped NaOH and electrical conductivity for a fiber material having a carboxyl group.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a laminate having a substrate and a coating.
- the present invention relates to a resin composition containing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less, an organic onium ion, a resin, and an organic solvent.
- the fibrous cellulose has an anionic group, and the content of the anionic group is 0.50 mmol / g or more.
- content of fibrous cellulose is 1 mass% or more with respect to the total mass of a resin composition, and content of water is less than 10 mass% with respect to the total mass of a resin composition.
- fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less may be referred to as fine fibrous cellulose.
- the resin composition of the present invention has the above-described configuration, the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin can be separated even when a film is formed by applying the resin composition onto a substrate. It is suppressed.
- the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin are separated in the resin composition, the fine fibrous cellulose aggregates to form a fine concavo-convex structure in the coating.
- separation of the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin is suppressed, so that a film having a smooth surface can be formed, and thus a film having high adhesion to the substrate can be formed.
- the concentration of fine fibrous cellulose is set low in order to suppress aggregation of fine fibrous cellulose.
- the inventors of the present invention dare to increase the content of fine fibrous cellulose and make it 1% by mass or more based on the total mass of the resin composition, even when forming a film, Succeeded in suppressing the separation of cellulose and resin. This is because the entangled structure between the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin is easily maintained in the resin composition or coating by increasing the content of the fine fibrous cellulose in the resin composition to a certain value or more. This is considered to be because the separation or localization of the is suppressed. That is, in the resin composition and film of the present invention, the dispersion of fine fibrous cellulose is uniform.
- the fine fibrous cellulose-containing film (also simply referred to as a film) formed from the resin composition of the present invention is a layer that covers at least one surface of a substrate.
- a film is preferably firmly adhered to the substrate, in other words, it is preferable that the film is not easily peeled off from the substrate.
- the film is preferably a film that does not have releasability from the substrate.
- the content of the fine fibrous cellulose may be 1% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin composition, preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 1.5% by mass or more. Preferably, it is 2.0 mass% or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 30 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a resin composition, and, as for content of a fine fibrous cellulose, it is more preferable that it is 20 mass% or less.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the resin composition is a value calculated by dividing the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose by the mass of the resin composition.
- the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose is the mass when it is assumed that the counter ion of the anionic group of the fine fibrous cellulose is a hydrogen ion (H + ).
- the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose is measured by the following method. First, fine fibrous cellulose is extracted by an appropriate method. For example, when it is combined with a resin, the fine fibrous cellulose is extracted by treating with a solvent that selectively dissolves only the resin. Then, the component which exists as a counter ion of the anionic group which fine fibrous cellulose has is selectively extracted as a salt by acid treatment. The solid content remaining after this operation is the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains an organic onium ion.
- the organic onium ion exists as a counter ion of the anionic group of the fine fibrous cellulose.
- the content of the organic onium ion is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, and 2.0% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin composition. Is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 30 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a resin composition, and, as for content of organic onium ion, it is more preferable that it is 20 mass% or less.
- the content of the organic onium ion in the resin composition is a value calculated by dividing the mass of the organic onium ion by the mass of the resin composition.
- the mass of the organic onium ion can be measured by tracking atoms typically included in the organic onium ion. Specifically, when the organic onium ion is an ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is measured. When the organic onium ion is a phosphonium ion, the amount of a phosphorus atom is measured.
- the fine fibrous cellulose contains nitrogen atoms or phosphorus atoms in addition to organic onium ions
- a method of extracting only organic onium ions for example, an extraction operation with an acid, and the like, then the amount of target atoms is determined. Just measure.
- the water content is small.
- the water content in the resin composition may be less than 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the resin composition, preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- content of the water in a resin composition is 0 mass%.
- the G value calculated by the following formula is preferably 0.90 or less, more preferably 0.89 or less, and even more preferably 0.88 or less. Further, the G value is preferably 0.10 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more, and further preferably 0.30 or more.
- G value (surface tension of resin composition (mN / m)) / (surface tension of organic solvent component contained in resin composition (mN / m)) In order to make the G value within the above range, it is necessary to lower the surface tension of the resin composition to some extent.
- the attractive force between solvent molecules is relaxed by the interposition of fine fibrous cellulose having organic onium as a counter ion, and as a result, the surface tension of the resin composition is lowered. Conceivable. For this reason, by making G value into the said range, the wettability with respect to a base material can be made favorable, and the coating property of a resin composition can be improved. Thereby, a film with high adhesion to the substrate is obtained.
- the surface tension of the resin composition is a value measured at a sample temperature of 23 ° C.
- the surface tension of the organic solvent component contained in the resin composition can be measured by recovering only the organic solvent component from the resin composition, for example, by distillation. Examples of the measuring instrument include SURFACETENSOMETER CBVP-A3 manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- the improvement of the uniform dispersibility of the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin in the resin composition and the adhesion of the coating formed from the resin composition to the base material are based on the anionic group amount of the fine fibrous cellulose and the fine fiber. This is achieved by adjusting the content of the cellulose to an appropriate range.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains fibrous cellulose (fine fibrous cellulose) having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less.
- the fiber width of the fibrous cellulose can be measured, for example, by observation with an electron microscope.
- the average fiber width of fibrous cellulose is, for example, 1000 nm or less.
- the average fiber width of the fibrous cellulose is, for example, preferably 2 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, more preferably 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less, further preferably 2 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and more preferably 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less. Particularly preferred.
- the fibrous cellulose is, for example, monofilamentous cellulose.
- the average fiber width of fibrous cellulose is measured as follows using, for example, an electron microscope. First, an aqueous suspension of fibrous cellulose having a concentration of 0.05% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less is prepared, and this suspension is cast on a carbon film-coated grid subjected to a hydrophilization treatment, and a sample for TEM observation. And When a wide fiber is included, an SEM image of the surface cast on glass may be observed. Next, observation with an electron microscope image is performed at a magnification of 1000 times, 5000 times, 10000 times, or 50000 times depending on the width of the fiber to be observed. However, the sample, observation conditions, and magnification are adjusted to satisfy the following conditions.
- One straight line X is drawn at an arbitrary location in the observation image, and 20 or more fibers intersect the straight line X.
- a straight line Y perpendicular to the straight line is drawn in the same image, and 20 or more fibers intersect the straight line Y.
- the width of the fiber that intersects with the straight line X and the straight line Y is visually read from the observation image that satisfies the above conditions. In this way, at least three sets of observation images of surface portions that do not overlap each other are obtained.
- the fiber length of the fibrous cellulose is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 800 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 600 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- the fiber length of fibrous cellulose can be calculated
- the fibrous cellulose preferably has an I-type crystal structure.
- the proportion of the type I crystal structure in the fine fibrous cellulose is, for example, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and further preferably 50% or more. Thereby, further superior performance can be expected in terms of heat resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the degree of crystallinity is obtained by measuring an X-ray diffraction profile and determining the crystallinity by a conventional method (Seagal et al., Textile Research Journal, 29, 786, 1959).
- the axial ratio (fiber length / fiber width) of fibrous cellulose is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 or more and 10,000 or less, and more preferably 50 or more and 1,000 or less.
- the axial ratio is preferably 20 or more and 10,000 or less, and more preferably 50 or more and 1,000 or less.
- the fibrous cellulose in this embodiment has, for example, both a crystalline region and an amorphous region.
- a fine fibrous cellulose having both a crystalline region and an amorphous region and having a high axial ratio is realized by a method for producing fine fibrous cellulose described later.
- Fibrous cellulose has an anionic group.
- the anionic group include a phosphate group or a substituent derived from a phosphate group (sometimes simply referred to as a phosphate group), a carboxyl group or a substituent derived from a carboxyl group (sometimes simply referred to as a carboxyl group), And at least one selected from a sulfone group or a substituent derived from a sulfone group (sometimes simply referred to as a sulfone group), and at least one selected from a phosphate group and a carboxyl group More preferred is a phosphate group.
- a phosphate group When the fibrous cellulose has a phosphate group, it becomes easy to obtain a film having high transparency and suppressed coloring.
- the phosphoric acid group is a divalent functional group corresponding to, for example, phosphoric acid obtained by removing a hydroxyl group. Specifically, it is a group represented by —PO 3 H 2 .
- Substituents derived from phosphate groups include substituents such as phosphate group salts and phosphate ester groups.
- the substituent derived from the phosphate group may be contained in the fibrous cellulose as a group (for example, pyrophosphate group) in which the phosphate group is condensed.
- the substituent derived from a phosphoric acid group or a phosphoric acid group is, for example, a substituent represented by the following formula (1).
- R is a hydrogen atom, a saturated-linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated-branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group, respectively.
- Examples of the saturated-linear hydrocarbon group include, but are not limited to, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, or an n-butyl group.
- Examples of the saturated-branched hydrocarbon group include i-propyl group and t-butyl group, but are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, but are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group include a vinyl group and an allyl group, but are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group include i-propenyl group and 3-butenyl group, but are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the unsaturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group, but are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the aromatic group include, but are not limited to, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
- the derivative group in R is a functional group in which at least one of functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or an amino group is added or substituted to the main chain or side chain of the above-mentioned various hydrocarbon groups.
- group is mentioned, it is not specifically limited.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the main chain of R is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- ⁇ b + is a monovalent or higher cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- the monovalent or higher cation composed of an organic substance include aliphatic ammonium and aromatic ammonium, and at least a part of ⁇ b + is an organic onium ion described later.
- examples of the monovalent or higher cation made of an inorganic substance include ions of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, cations of divalent metals such as calcium and magnesium, and hydrogen ions. There is no particular limitation. These can be applied alone or in combination of two or more.
- the monovalent or higher cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance is preferably a sodium ion or potassium ion which is not easily yellowed when heated to a fiber raw material containing ⁇ and is industrially useful, but is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the anionic group introduced into the fibrous cellulose may be 0.50 mmol / g or more per 1 g (mass) of fibrous cellulose, preferably 0.70 mmol / g or more, and 1.00 mmol / g or more. More preferably.
- the amount of anionic groups introduced into the fibrous cellulose is, for example, preferably 3.65 mmol / g or less, more preferably 3.50 mmol / g or less per 1 g (mass) of fibrous cellulose. More preferably, it is 00 mmol / g or less.
- unit mmol / g shows the amount of substituents per 1 g of fibrous cellulose when the counter ion of the anionic group is hydrogen ion (H + ).
- the amount of the anionic group introduced into the fibrous cellulose can be measured by, for example, a conductivity titration method.
- the introduction amount is measured by obtaining a change in conductivity while adding an alkali such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to the obtained slurry containing fibrous cellulose.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of NaOH dropped and electrical conductivity for fibrous cellulose having a phosphate group.
- the amount of phosphate groups introduced into the fibrous cellulose is measured, for example, as follows. First, the slurry containing fibrous cellulose is treated with a strongly acidic ion exchange resin. In addition, you may implement the fibrillation process similar to the fibrillation process mentioned later with respect to a measuring object before the process by strong acidic ion exchange resin as needed. Next, a change in electrical conductivity is observed while adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a titration curve as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, at first, the electric conductivity suddenly decreases (hereinafter referred to as “first region”).
- the conductivity starts to increase slightly (hereinafter referred to as “second region”).
- the conductivity increment increases (hereinafter referred to as “third region”).
- the boundary point between the second region and the third region is defined as a point at which the amount of change in conductivity twice, that is, the increase (inclination) in conductivity is maximized.
- three regions appear in the titration curve. Among these, the amount of alkali required in the first region is equal to the amount of strongly acidic groups in the slurry used for titration, and the amount of alkali required in the second region is the amount of weakly acidic groups in the slurry used for titration. Will be equal.
- the phosphate group introduction amount (or phosphate group amount) or the substituent introduction amount (or substituent amount) represents a strongly acidic group amount. Therefore, the value obtained by dividing the alkali amount (mmol) required in the first region of the titration curve obtained above by the solid content (g) in the titration target slurry is the phosphate group introduction amount (mmol / g).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of NaOH dropped and the electrical conductivity with respect to fibrous cellulose having a carboxyl group.
- the amount of carboxyl groups introduced into the fibrous cellulose is measured, for example, as follows. First, the slurry containing fibrous cellulose is treated with a strongly acidic ion exchange resin. In addition, you may implement the fibrillation process similar to the fibrillation process mentioned later with respect to a measuring object before the process by strong acidic ion exchange resin as needed. Next, a change in electrical conductivity is observed while adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a titration curve as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the value obtained by dividing the alkali amount (mmol) required in the first region of the titration curve by the solid content (g) in the fine fibrous cellulose-containing slurry to be titrated is the amount of carboxyl group introduced ( mmol / g).
- the amount of carboxyl group introduced is the amount of substituent per 1 g of fibrous cellulose when the counter ion of the carboxyl group is hydrogen ion (H + ) (hereinafter, the amount of carboxyl group (acid Type)).
- the cation C is substituted with an arbitrary cation C so that the counter ion of the carboxyl group has a charge equivalent, the denominator is converted to the mass of fibrous cellulose when the cation C is the counter ion.
- the amount of carboxyl groups hereinafter, the amount of carboxyl groups (C type)
- carboxyl group introduction amount is calculated by the following formula.
- Carboxyl group introduction amount (C type) carboxyl group amount (acid type) / [1+ (W-1) ⁇ (carboxyl group amount (acid type)) / 1000]
- W Formula weight per cation C (for example, Na is 23, Al is 9)
- the fine fibrous cellulose is produced from a fiber raw material containing cellulose. Although it does not specifically limit as a fiber raw material containing a cellulose, It is preferable to use a pulp from the point of being easy to acquire and cheap. Examples of the pulp include wood pulp, non-wood pulp, and deinked pulp.
- wood pulp For example, hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP), softwood kraft pulp (NBKP), sulfite pulp (SP), dissolution pulp (DP), soda pulp (AP), unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) ) And oxygen bleached kraft pulp (OKP) and other chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp (SCP) and semi-chemical pulp such as Chemi-groundwood pulp (CGP), groundwood pulp (GP) and thermomechanical pulp (TMP, BCTMP), etc. Examples thereof include mechanical pulp.
- the non-wood pulp is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cotton-based pulp such as cotton linter and cotton lint, and non-wood-based pulp such as hemp, straw and bagasse.
- the deinking pulp which uses a waste paper as a raw material is mentioned.
- the pulp of this embodiment may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- wood pulp and deinked pulp are preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability.
- wood pulps it is possible to obtain a fine fiber cellulose having a large cellulose ratio and a high yield of fine fibrous cellulose at the time of defibrating treatment, and a long fiber fine fibrous cellulose having a small degradation of cellulose in the pulp and a large axial ratio.
- chemical pulp is more preferable, and kraft pulp and sulfite pulp are more preferable.
- the fiber raw material containing cellulose for example, cellulose contained in ascidians or bacterial cellulose produced by acetic acid bacteria can be used. Moreover, it can replace with the fiber raw material containing cellulose, and the fiber which linear nitrogen-containing polysaccharide polymer
- the production process of the fine fibrous cellulose includes a phosphate group introduction step.
- the phosphoric acid group introduction step at least one compound selected from compounds capable of introducing a phosphate group by reacting with a hydroxyl group of a fiber raw material containing cellulose (hereinafter also referred to as “compound A”) is converted into cellulose. It is the process made to act on the fiber raw material containing this. By this step, a phosphate group-introduced fiber is obtained.
- the reaction between the fiber raw material containing cellulose and compound A is performed in the presence of at least one selected from urea and its derivatives (hereinafter also referred to as “compound B”). May be. On the other hand, in the state where compound B does not exist, the fiber raw material containing cellulose and compound A may be reacted.
- An example of a method for causing compound A to act on the fiber raw material in the presence of compound B includes a method of mixing compound A and compound B with a dry, wet or slurry fiber raw material.
- a fiber raw material since the uniformity of the reaction is high, it is preferable to use a fiber raw material in a dry state or a wet state, and it is particularly preferable to use a fiber raw material in a dry state.
- the form of a fiber raw material is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is a cotton form or a thin sheet form.
- the compound A and the compound B may be added to the fiber raw material in the form of a powder or a solution dissolved in a solvent, or heated to a melting point or higher and melted.
- a solution dissolved in a solvent particularly in the form of an aqueous solution.
- Compound A and Compound B may be added simultaneously to the fiber raw material, may be added separately, or may be added as a mixture.
- the method for adding compound A and compound B is not particularly limited, but when compound A and compound B are in solution, they may be taken out after dipping the fiber raw material in the solution and absorbing the fiber raw material. The solution may be added dropwise.
- a necessary amount of Compound A and Compound B may be added to the fiber raw material, or after adding an excessive amount of Compound A and Compound B to the fiber raw material, respectively, excess compound A and Compound B may be added by pressing or filtration. It may be removed.
- Examples of the compound A used in this embodiment include phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, dehydrated condensed phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and anhydrous phosphoric acid (phosphorus pentoxide), but are not particularly limited.
- phosphoric acid those of various purity can be used, for example, 100% phosphoric acid (normal phosphoric acid) or 85% phosphoric acid can be used.
- Dehydrated condensed phosphoric acid is obtained by condensing two or more molecules of phosphoric acid by a dehydration reaction, and examples thereof include pyrophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid.
- Examples of the phosphate and dehydrated condensed phosphate include phosphoric acid or lithium salt of dehydrated condensed phosphoric acid, sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt, and the like, and these can have various degrees of neutralization.
- phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid are introduced efficiently from the viewpoint that the introduction efficiency of phosphate groups is high, the fibrillation efficiency is easily improved in the fibrillation process described later, the cost is low, and the industrial application is easy.
- Sodium salt, potassium salt of phosphoric acid, or ammonium salt of phosphoric acid is preferable, and phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is more preferable.
- the amount of compound A added to the fiber raw material is not particularly limited.
- the amount of phosphorus atom added to the fiber raw material (absolute dry mass) is 0.5% by mass or more. It is preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the amount of phosphorus atoms added to the fiber raw material is set to the upper limit value or less, the effect of improving the yield and the cost can be balanced.
- Compound B used in this embodiment is at least one selected from urea and derivatives thereof as described above.
- Examples of compound B include urea, biuret, 1-phenylurea, 1-benzylurea, 1-methylurea, and 1-ethylurea.
- the compound B is preferably used as an aqueous solution. From the viewpoint of further improving the uniformity of the reaction, it is preferable to use an aqueous solution in which both compound A and compound B are dissolved.
- the amount of compound B added to the fiber raw material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% by mass or more and 500% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or more and 400% by mass or less, More preferably, it is 100 mass% or more and 350 mass% or less.
- amides or amines may be included in the reaction system.
- amides include formamide, dimethylformamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide and the like.
- amines include methylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, pyridine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and the like. Among these, triethylamine is known to work as a good reaction catalyst.
- the phosphate group introduction step it is preferable to add or mix compound A or the like to the fiber raw material and then heat-treat the fiber raw material.
- the heat treatment temperature it is preferable to select a temperature at which a phosphate group can be efficiently introduced while suppressing thermal decomposition and hydrolysis reaction of the fiber.
- the heat treatment temperature is, for example, preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 130 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- equipment having various heat media can be used for the heat treatment.
- a stirring and drying apparatus for example, a stirring and drying apparatus, a rotary drying apparatus, a disk drying apparatus, a roll type heating apparatus, a plate type heating apparatus, a fluidized bed drying apparatus, an air flow A drying device, a vacuum drying device, an infrared heating device, a far infrared heating device, or a microwave heating device can be used.
- compound A is added to a thin sheet-like fiber raw material by a method such as impregnation, and then heated while heating or kneading or stirring the fiber raw material and compound A with a kneader or the like.
- the method to do can be adopted.
- the heating device used for the heat treatment for example, always retains the moisture retained by the slurry and the moisture generated in the dehydration condensation (phosphate esterification) reaction between the compound A and the hydroxyl group contained in the cellulose or the like in the fiber raw material. It is preferable that the apparatus can be discharged out of the apparatus system.
- a heating device for example, a blower type oven or the like can be cited.
- the time for the heat treatment is, for example, preferably from 1 second to 300 minutes after moisture is substantially removed from the fiber raw material, more preferably from 1 second to 1000 seconds, and more preferably from 10 seconds to 800 seconds. More preferably.
- the introduction amount of phosphate groups can be within a preferable range by setting the heating temperature and the heating time within an appropriate range.
- the phosphate group introduction step may be performed at least once, but can be repeated twice or more. By performing the phosphate group introduction step twice or more, many phosphate groups can be introduced into the fiber raw material. In this embodiment, the case where a phosphate group introduction
- the amount of phosphate groups introduced into the fiber raw material may be, for example, 0.50 mmol / g or more per 1 g (mass) of fine fibrous cellulose, preferably 0.70 mmol / g or more, and 1.00 mmol / g or more. It is more preferable that The amount of phosphate groups introduced into the fiber raw material is, for example, preferably 5.20 mmol / g or less, more preferably 3.65 mmol / g or less per 1 g (mass) of fine fibrous cellulose. More preferably, it is 00 mmol / g or less.
- the fiber raw material can be easily refined, and the stability of the fine fibrous cellulose can be enhanced. Moreover, it can suppress more effectively that a fine fibrous cellulose and resin isolate
- the production process of the fine fibrous cellulose includes a carboxyl group introduction step.
- the carboxyl group introduction step has a compound or derivative thereof having a carboxylic acid-derived group or a carboxylic acid-derived group, or an oxidation treatment such as ozone oxidation, Fenton method oxidation, TEMPO oxidation treatment, or the like, on a fiber raw material containing cellulose. It is carried out by treatment with an acid anhydride of a compound or a derivative thereof.
- the compound having a carboxylic acid-derived group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and itaconic acid, citric acid, aconitic acid, and the like.
- a tricarboxylic acid compound is mentioned.
- the derivative of the compound having a group derived from a carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an acid anhydride imidized compound having a carboxyl group and an acid anhydride derivative of a compound having a carboxyl group.
- the acid anhydride imidized compound of the compound having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include imidized compounds of dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleimide, succinimide, and phthalimide.
- the acid anhydride of the compound having a group derived from a carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, and itaconic anhydride.
- dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, and itaconic anhydride.
- An acid anhydride is mentioned.
- the acid anhydride derivative of the compound having a carboxylic acid-derived group is not particularly limited, but examples of the compound having a carboxyl group such as dimethylmaleic acid anhydride, diethylmaleic acid anhydride, and diphenylmaleic acid anhydride
- An acid anhydride in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms is substituted with a substituent such as an alkyl group or a phenyl group is exemplified.
- TEMPO oxidation treatment when TEMPO oxidation treatment is performed, for example, the treatment is preferably performed under a condition where the pH is 6 or more and 8 or less. Such treatment is also referred to as neutral TEMPO oxidation treatment.
- the TEMPO oxidation treatment may be performed under the condition that the pH is 10 or more and 11 or less. Such a treatment is also called an alkali TEMPO oxidation treatment.
- Alkaline TEMPO oxidation treatment can be performed, for example, by adding nitroxy radicals such as TEMPO as a catalyst, sodium bromide as a cocatalyst, and sodium hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent to pulp as a fiber raw material. .
- the amount of carboxyl group introduced to the fiber raw material varies depending on the type of substituent, but when introducing a carboxyl group by TEMPO oxidation, for example, it may be 0.50 mmol / g or more per 1 g (mass) of fine fibrous cellulose, It is preferably 0.70 mmol / g or more, and more preferably 1.00 mmol / g or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 2.50 mmol / g or less, It is more preferable that it is 2.20 mmol / g or less, It is further more preferable that it is 2.00 mmol / g or less.
- a substituent when a substituent is a carboxymethyl group, it may be 5.8 mmol / g or less per 1 g (mass) of fine fibrous cellulose.
- cleaning process can be performed with respect to a phosphate group introduction
- the washing step is performed, for example, by washing the phosphate group-introduced fiber with water or an organic solvent.
- the cleaning process may be performed after each process described later, and the number of times of cleaning performed in each cleaning process is not particularly limited.
- ⁇ Alkali treatment process> When manufacturing a fine fibrous cellulose, you may perform an alkali process with respect to a fiber raw material between a phosphate group introduction
- the alkali compound contained in the alkali solution is not particularly limited, and may be an inorganic alkali compound or an organic alkali compound. In this embodiment, since versatility is high, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as an alkali compound, for example.
- the solvent contained in the alkaline solution may be either water or an organic solvent. Among them, the solvent contained in the alkaline solution is preferably a polar solvent containing water or a polar organic solvent exemplified by alcohol, and more preferably an aqueous solvent containing at least water.
- the alkaline solution is preferably a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution because of its high versatility.
- the temperature of the alkaline solution in the alkali treatment step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, for example, and more preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower.
- the immersion time of the phosphate group-introduced fiber in the alkali solution in the alkali treatment step is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, from 5 minutes to 30 minutes, and more preferably from 10 minutes to 20 minutes.
- the amount of the alkali solution used in the alkali treatment is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferably 100% by mass or more and 100000% by mass or less, and 1000% by mass or more and 10000% by mass or less based on the absolute dry mass of the phosphate group-introduced fiber. It is more preferable that
- the phosphate group introduction fiber may be washed with water or an organic solvent after the phosphate group introduction step and before the alkali treatment step. After the alkali treatment step and before the defibration treatment step, it is preferable to wash the phosphate group-introduced fiber subjected to the alkali treatment with water or an organic solvent from the viewpoint of improving the handleability.
- ⁇ Acid treatment process When manufacturing a fine fibrous cellulose, you may acid-treat with respect to a fiber raw material between the process of introduce
- the phosphate group introduction step, acid treatment, alkali treatment, and defibration treatment may be performed in this order.
- the acid treatment method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of immersing the fiber raw material in an acid solution containing acid.
- concentration of the acidic liquid to be used is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is 10 mass% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 5 mass% or less.
- the pH of the acidic liquid to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 or more and 4 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the acid contained in the acidic liquid for example, an inorganic acid, a sulfonic acid, a carboxylic acid, or the like can be used.
- Examples of the inorganic acid include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid and the like.
- Examples of the sulfonic acid include methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the like.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
- the temperature of the acid solution in the acid treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower.
- the immersion time in the acid solution in acid treatment is not specifically limited, For example, 5 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less are preferable, and 10 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less are more preferable.
- the usage-amount of the acid solution in an acid treatment is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is 100 mass% or more and 100,000 mass% or less with respect to the absolute dry mass of a fiber raw material, and it is 1000 mass% or more and 10000 mass% or less. Is more preferable.
- Fine fibrous cellulose is obtained by defibrating the anionic group-introduced fiber in the defibrating process.
- a defibrating apparatus can be used.
- the defibrating apparatus is not particularly limited, but for example, a high-speed defibrator, a grinder (stone mortar grinder), a high-pressure homogenizer or an ultra-high pressure homogenizer, a high-pressure collision grinder, a ball mill, a bead mill, a disk refiner, a conical refiner, biaxial A kneader, a vibration mill, a homomixer under high-speed rotation, an ultrasonic disperser, or a beater can be used.
- a high-speed defibrator a grinder (stone mortar grinder), a high-pressure homogenizer or an ultra-high pressure homogenizer, a high-pressure collision grinder, a ball mill, a bead mill, a disk refiner, a conical refiner, biaxial A kneader, a vibration mill, a homomixer under high-speed rotation, an ultrasonic disperser, or a beater can be used.
- a high-speed defibrator a high-pressure homogenizer, or an ultrahigh-pressure homogenizer that is less affected by the pulverizing media and has less risk of contamination.
- a dispersion medium 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from water and organic solvents, such as a polar organic solvent, can be used.
- the polar organic solvent is not particularly limited, but alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, aprotic polar solvents, and the like are preferable. Examples of alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and isobutyl alcohol. Examples of the polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin and the like.
- ketones include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
- ethers include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and the like.
- esters include ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- the aprotic polar solvent include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and the like.
- the solid content concentration of fine fibrous cellulose at the time of defibrating treatment can be set as appropriate.
- the slurry obtained by dispersing the phosphate group-introduced fibers in the dispersion medium may contain solids other than phosphate group-introduced fibers such as urea having hydrogen bonding properties.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains an organic onium ion.
- the organic onium ion may exist as a counter ion of the fine fibrous cellulose, or may exist as a free organic onium ion.
- the organic onium ion preferably satisfies at least one condition selected from the following (a) and (b).
- a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms is included.
- B) The total carbon number is 16 or more. That is, the fine fibrous cellulose contains at least one selected from an organic onium ion containing a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms and an organic onium ion having a total carbon number of 16 or more as a counter ion for an anionic group. It is preferable.
- the hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferably an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms or an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms or an alkylene having 5 or more carbon atoms. More preferably, an alkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms or an alkylene group having 7 or more carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms or an alkylene group having 10 or more carbon atoms. It is particularly preferred.
- the organic onium ion preferably has an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, more preferably an organic onium ion having an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms and a total carbon number of 16 or more. preferable.
- the organic onium ion is preferably an organic onium ion represented by the following general formula (A).
- M is a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- at least one of R 1 to R 4 is preferably an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms, or the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 to R 4 is preferably 16 or more.
- M is preferably a nitrogen atom. That is, the organic onium ion is preferably an organic ammonium ion.
- at least one of R 1 to R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 to R 4 is preferably 16 or more.
- organic onium ions examples include tetrabutylammonium, lauryltrimethylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, octyldimethylethylammonium, lauryldimethylethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, lauryldimethylbenzylammonium, and tributylbenzylammonium.
- the central element of the organic onium ion is bonded to a total of four groups or hydrogen.
- the number of the bonded organic onium ions is less than four, hydrogen atoms are bonded to form the organic onium ion.
- N N-didodecylmethylammonium
- the molecular weight of the organic onium ion is preferably 2000 or less, and more preferably 1800 or less.
- the content of the organic onium ion is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more, and 2.0% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin composition. Is more preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 30 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a resin composition, and, as for content of organic onium ion, it is more preferable that it is 20 mass% or less.
- the content of the organic onium ion in the fine fibrous cellulose is preferably from an equimolar amount to twice the molar amount with respect to the anionic group amount contained in the fine fibrous cellulose, but is not particularly limited.
- content of organic onium ion can be measured by tracking the atom typically contained in organic onium ion. Specifically, when the organic onium ion is an ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is measured. When the organic onium ion is a phosphonium ion, the amount of a phosphorus atom is measured.
- the fine fibrous cellulose contains nitrogen atoms or phosphorus atoms in addition to organic onium ions
- a method of extracting only organic onium ions for example, an extraction operation with an acid, and the like, then the amount of target atoms is determined. Just measure.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains a resin.
- a resin is not specifically limited, For example, a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin can be mentioned.
- acrylic resins acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, silicone resins, fluorine resins, chlorine resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, phenol resins, polyurethane resins, diallyls It is preferably at least one selected from phthalate resins, alcohol resins, cellulose derivatives and precursors of these resins, acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, silicone resins, More preferably, the resin is at least one selected from a fluorine resin, a chlorine resin, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a polyurethane resin, a diallyl phthalate resin, and a precursor of these resins, an acrylic resin and Selected from polyurethane resin It is more preferably at least one that.
- the cellulose derivative include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain a resin precursor as a resin.
- the type of the resin precursor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin precursor.
- the precursor of a thermoplastic resin means a monomer used for producing a thermoplastic resin or an oligomer having a relatively low molecular weight.
- the thermosetting resin precursor means a monomer that can cause a polymerization reaction or a crosslinking reaction by the action of light, heat, or a curing agent to form a thermosetting resin, or an oligomer having a relatively low molecular weight.
- the resin composition of the present invention may further contain a water-soluble polymer as a resin, in addition to the above-described resin species.
- water-soluble polymers include thickening polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, guar gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, quince seed, alginic acid, pullulan, carrageenan, pectin, etc., cationized starch, raw starch, oxidized
- examples thereof include starches such as starch, etherified starch, esterified starch, and amylose; glycerins such as glycerin, diglycerin, and polyglycerin; hyaluronic acid, metal salts of hyaluronic acid, and the like.
- the content of the resin is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and further preferably 15% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin composition. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 90 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a resin composition, and, as for content of resin, it is more preferable that it is 80 mass% or less.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- NMP N
- ⁇ p organic solvent Hansen solubility parameter is preferably at 5 MPa 1/2 or more 20 MPa 1/2 or less, more preferably 10 MPa 1/2 or more 19 MPa 1/2 or less, it is more preferably 12MPa is 1/2 or more 18 MPa 1/2 or less. Further, .delta.h, it is preferably, more preferably 5 MPa 1/2 or more 30 MPa 1/2 or less, 5 MPa 1/2 or 20 MPa 1/2 or less is 5 MPa 1/2 or more 40 MPa 1/2 or less More preferably. It is also preferable to satisfy simultaneously that ⁇ p is in the range of 0 MPa 1/2 to 4 MPa 1/2 and ⁇ h is in the range of 0 MPa 1/2 to 6 MPa 1/2 .
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the resin composition. In addition, it is preferable that content of an organic solvent is 99 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a resin composition.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain an optional component in addition to the above-described fine fibrous cellulose, organic onium ion, resin and organic solvent.
- Optional components include, for example, surfactants, organic ions, coupling agents, inorganic layered compounds, inorganic compounds, leveling agents, preservatives, antifoaming agents, organic particles, lubricants, antistatic agents, UV protection agents, Examples include dyes, pigments, stabilizers, magnetic powders, alignment accelerators, plasticizers, dispersants, cross-linking agents, and the like.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain one or more of the above components. .
- the content of the above components contained in the resin composition is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass with respect to the total solid mass in the resin composition. More preferably, it is% or less.
- the production process of the resin composition is a resin obtained by mixing a mixture of a fibrous cellulose, an organic solvent, and a resin obtained in a step of mixing fine fibrous cellulose and organic onium (hereinafter also referred to as step a) and the step of mixing.
- a step of obtaining a composition hereinafter also referred to as step b).
- the organic onium may be the organic onium ion described above or a compound that generates the organic onium ion described above by hydration or neutralization.
- step a fine fibrous cellulose and organic onium are mixed.
- solid fine fibrous cellulose for example, fine fibrous cellulose concentrate
- organic onium may be mixed, and the dispersion of fine fibrous cellulose obtained in the above-described ⁇ defibration treatment> step.
- (Slurry) may be mixed by adding organic onium.
- organic onium When organic onium is added to the dispersion of fine fibrous cellulose, it is preferably added as a solution containing organic onium ions, and more preferably added as an aqueous solution containing organic onium ions.
- An aqueous solution containing an organic onium ion usually contains an organic onium ion and a counter ion (anion).
- organic onium ions and the corresponding counter ions When preparing an aqueous solution of organic onium ions, if the organic onium ions and the corresponding counter ions have already formed a salt, they may be dissolved in water as they are.
- organic onium ions may be generated only after neutralization with an acid, such as dodecylamine.
- the organic onium ion may be obtained by a reaction between a compound that forms an organic onium ion by neutralization and an acid.
- the acid used for neutralization include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid.
- a compound that forms an organic onium by neutralization may be directly added to the dispersion of fine fibrous cellulose, and the organic anion may be ionized using the anionic group contained in the fine fibrous cellulose as a counter ion.
- the addition amount of the organic onium is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, still more preferably 20% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the fine fibrous cellulose. It is particularly preferable that the content is at least mass%. In addition, it is preferable that the addition amount of organic onium is 1000 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a fine fibrous cellulose.
- the number of moles of organic onium ions to be added is preferably 0.2 times or more the value obtained by multiplying the amount (number of moles) of anionic groups contained in the fine fibrous cellulose by the valence, and 1.0 times More preferably, it is 2.0 times or more.
- the number of moles of organic onium ions to be added is preferably 10 times or less the value obtained by multiplying the amount (number of moles) of anionic groups contained in fine fibrous cellulose by the valence.
- This aggregate is an aggregate of fine fibrous cellulose having an organic onium ion as a counter ion for an anionic group.
- the obtained fine fibrous cellulose aggregate may be washed with ion exchange water. By repeatedly washing the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate with ion-exchanged water, excess organic onium ions and the like contained in the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate can be removed. Thereafter, the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate can be recovered by separating the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate in a process such as filtration.
- such an aggregate is also referred to as a mixture of fibrous cellulose obtained in step a and a mixture of fibrous cellulose.
- the solid content concentration of the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate thus obtained is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and further preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the content of the organic onium ions contained in the aggregate is preferably 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the content of organic onium ions is preferably 90% by mass or less.
- a step of adding a flocculant containing a polyvalent metal salt to the fine fibrous cellulose dispersion may be provided before step a.
- the polyvalent metal salt include aluminum sulfate (sulfuric acid band), polyaluminum chloride, calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. Of these, aluminum sulfate is preferably used as the flocculant.
- the addition amount E of the flocculant containing the polyvalent metal salt is preferably within the range defined by (Formula 1), more preferably within the range defined by (Formula 1A), and even more preferably (Formula 1B). ), But is not particularly limited.
- the obtained fine fibrous cellulose aggregate may be washed with ion-exchanged water. By repeatedly washing the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate with ion-exchanged water, excess flocculant contained in the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate can be removed. Moreover, the fine fibrous cellulose aggregate may be further concentrated through a drying step or the like.
- step a may be a step of mixing fine fibrous cellulose aggregates and organic onium.
- Examples of the organic solvent used for obtaining the redispersed liquid include alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, ketones, ethers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and the like. It is done.
- Examples of alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butyl alcohol.
- Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol and glycerin.
- Examples of ketones include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- ethers include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono t-butyl ether and the like.
- the said solvent may contain water, it is preferable that the content is 60 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of a solvent.
- step b a mixture of fibrous cellulose obtained in the mixing step (step a), an organic solvent, and a resin are mixed to obtain a resin composition.
- the fibrous cellulose mixture obtained in step a is a fine fibrous cellulose aggregate, and before step a.
- step a step of adding a flocculant containing a polyvalent metal salt is provided, the mixture of fibrous cellulose obtained in step a becomes a slurry containing fine fibrous cellulose and organic onium.
- step b when a mixture of fibrous cellulose, an organic solvent, and a resin are mixed, the resin may be mixed after adding the organic solvent to the fibrous cellulose mixture. Also, a resin composition may be obtained by simultaneously adding a resin and an organic solvent to a fibrous cellulose mixture.
- an organic solvent is added to the mixture of fibrous cellulose (fine fibrous cellulose aggregate), and re-dispersed liquid It is preferable to mix the resin after the preparation.
- step b an organic solvent is further added to the redispersed liquid containing fine fibrous cellulose and organic onium.
- an organic solvent may be added in step a.
- the organic solvent added in step b may be fine It is preferable to use the same organic solvent as the organic solvent used in the redispersion of fibrous cellulose.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a coating.
- the method for producing a coating according to the present invention includes a step of mixing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less and an organic onium, and a mixture of fibrous cellulose obtained in the mixing step, an organic solvent, and a resin. And a step of applying a resin composition on a substrate.
- fibrous cellulose has an anionic group, content of an anionic group is 0.50 mmol / g or more, and content of fibrous cellulose in a resin composition is 1 mass% or more.
- the process of mixing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less and organic onium is the process a in the above-described (resin composition manufacturing process), and the fibrous cellulose obtained in the mixing process.
- the step of obtaining the resin composition by mixing the mixture, the organic solvent and the resin is the step b in the above-described (resin composition production step).
- the process of applying the resin composition on the substrate forms a film by coating the substrate with a resin composition containing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less, organic onium ions, a resin and an organic solvent. It is a process to do.
- the step of applying the resin composition on the substrate preferably further includes a step of drying the coating.
- the material of the base material used in the step of applying the resin composition onto the base material is not particularly limited, but a material having high wettability with respect to the resin composition is preferable because it can suppress shrinkage of the film during drying.
- a glass plate, a resin film or plate, a metal film or plate, a cylindrical body or a granular body are preferable, but not particularly limited.
- acrylic resin polylactic acid, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, polycarbonate, polymethylpentene, and other films and plates of aluminum, zinc, Films and plates made of copper, iron, etc., and those whose surfaces are oxidized, stainless films and plates, brass films and plates, glass plates and the like can be used.
- the damming frame is not particularly limited, but for example, a resin plate or a metal plate is preferable.
- resin plates such as acrylic plates, polyethylene terephthalate plates, vinyl chloride plates, polystyrene plates, polyvinylidene chloride plates, metal plates such as aluminum plates, zinc plates, copper plates, iron plates, and the surfaces thereof.
- An oxidation-treated one, a stainless plate, a brass plate or the like can be used.
- a coating machine which coats a resin composition to a base material For example, a roll coater, a gravure coater, a die coater, a curtain coater, an air doctor coater etc. can be used. A die coater, a curtain coater, and a spray coater are particularly preferable because the thickness of the coating can be made more uniform.
- the temperature and atmosphere temperature of the resin composition when the resin composition is applied to the substrate are not particularly limited, but are preferably 5 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, for example, and preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 15 to 50 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the finished basis weight of the coating is preferably 10 g / m 2 or more and 200 g / m 2 or less, more preferably 20 g / m 2 or more and 150 g / m 2 or less. It is preferable to apply the resin composition to the substrate so that By coating so that the basis weight is within the above range, a film having excellent adhesion to the substrate can be obtained.
- the step of drying the coating is not particularly limited, and is performed by, for example, a non-contact drying method, a method of drying while constraining the coating and the substrate, or a combination thereof.
- the non-contact drying method is not particularly limited. For example, a method of drying by heating with hot air, infrared rays, far infrared rays or near infrared rays (heating drying method), or a method of drying in vacuum (vacuum drying method) is applied. can do. Although the heat drying method and the vacuum drying method may be combined, the heat drying method is usually applied.
- drying by infrared rays, far-infrared rays, or near-infrared rays is not specifically limited, For example, it can carry out using an infrared device, a far-infrared device, or a near-infrared device.
- the heating temperature in the heat drying method is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 25 ° C. or higher and 105 ° C. or lower. If the heating temperature is at least the above lower limit, the dispersion medium can be volatilized quickly. Moreover, if heating temperature is below the said upper limit, the suppression of the cost required for a heating and the discoloration by the heat
- the present invention also relates to a film formed from the above-described resin composition.
- the present invention relates to a film containing fibrous cellulose having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less, an organic onium ion, and a resin.
- the fibrous cellulose has an anionic group, and the content of the anionic group is 0.50 mmol / g or more.
- content of fibrous cellulose is 4 mass% or more with respect to the total mass of a film.
- the film of the present invention is firmly adhered to the substrate. This is because, in a resin composition containing fine fibrous cellulose, organic onium ions and a resin, separation of the fine fibrous cellulose and the resin is suppressed, and the fine fibrous cellulose is uniformly dispersed. It is possible to improve the adhesion of the coating formed from the substrate to the substrate. By forming a film from such a resin composition, the content of fine fibrous cellulose can be increased to 4% by mass or more.
- the coating film of the present invention has high adhesion to the substrate and does not have releasability from the substrate.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the coating may be 4% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the coating, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and further preferably 6% by mass or more. In addition, it is preferable that content of the fine fibrous cellulose in a film is 95 mass% or less. By setting the content of the fine fibrous cellulose within the above range, the adhesion between the coating and the substrate can be more effectively enhanced.
- the content of the organic onium ions in the coating is preferably 4% by mass or more, more preferably 6% by mass or more, and further preferably 8% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the coating. More preferably, it is more preferably 12% by mass or more. In addition, it is preferable that content of the organic onium ion in a film is 80 mass% or less.
- the content of the resin in the coating is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and further preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the coating. In addition, it is preferable that resin content in a film is 95 mass% or less.
- the content of the fine fibrous cellulose in the coating is a value calculated by dividing the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose by the mass of the coating.
- the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose is the mass when it is assumed that the counter ion of the anionic group of the fine fibrous cellulose is a hydrogen ion (H + ).
- the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose is measured by the following method. First, fine fibrous cellulose is extracted by an appropriate method. For example, when it is combined with a resin, the fine fibrous cellulose is extracted by treating with a solvent that selectively dissolves only the resin. Then, the component which exists as a counter ion of the anionic group which fine fibrous cellulose has is selectively extracted as a salt by acid treatment. The solid content remaining after this operation is the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose.
- the content of organic onium ions in the film is a value calculated by dividing the mass of organic onium ions by the mass of the film.
- the mass of the organic onium ion can be measured by tracking atoms typically included in the organic onium ion. Specifically, when the organic onium ion is an ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is measured. When the organic onium ion is a phosphonium ion, the amount of a phosphorus atom is measured.
- a method of extracting only organic onium ions for example, an extraction operation with an acid, and the like, then the amount of target atoms is determined. It only has to be measured.
- the thickness of the coating is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit value of the thickness of the coating is not particularly limited, but can be set to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the thickness of the coating can be measured with, for example, a stylus thickness meter (Milltron 1202D, manufactured by Marl).
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the stacked body 100.
- the laminate 100 has a coating 10 laminated on a substrate 20.
- the coating film 10 is preferably laminated so as to be in direct contact with the base material 20.
- FIG. 3 shows a laminate 100 in which the coating 10 is formed on one side of the substrate 20, but the laminate of the present invention is a laminate in which a coating is formed on both sides of the substrate. It may be.
- a resin film or plate such as acrylic resin, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, polycarbonate, polymethylpentene
- a base material is a glass layer and a stainless steel layer.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. Further, the thickness of the base material is preferably 10,000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the substrate may be a film or plate having a curved surface or unevenness.
- the base material may be a cylindrical body or a granular body formed from the above-described materials.
- the laminate is a cylindrical body or a granular body in which the outer peripheral surface of the base material is coated with a coating. There may be.
- the use of the resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- it can be used as a thickener, reinforcing agent, additive in cement, paint, ink, lubricant and the like.
- the laminate obtained by coating the resin composition on the base material is a reinforcing material, interior material, exterior material, packaging material, electronic material, optical material, acoustic material, process material, transportation equipment member It is also suitable for applications such as electronic device members and electrochemical element members.
- the washing treatment is performed by repeating the operation of filtering and dewatering after stirring the pulp dispersion obtained by pouring 10 L of ion-exchanged water into 100 g of phosphorylated pulp (absolute dry mass) so that the pulp is uniformly dispersed. went.
- the electrical conductivity of the filtrate reached 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, the end point of washing was determined.
- the phosphorylated pulp after washing was further subjected to the phosphorylation treatment and the washing treatment once in this order.
- the washed phosphorylated pulp was neutralized as follows. First, after the washed phosphorylated pulp was diluted with 10 L of ion-exchanged water, a 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added little by little while stirring to obtain a phosphorylated pulp slurry having a pH of 12 or more and 13 or less. . Subsequently, the phosphorylated pulp slurry was dehydrated to obtain a phosphorylated pulp that had been neutralized. Next, the washing treatment was performed on the phosphorylated pulp after the neutralization treatment.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the phosphorylated pulp thus obtained was measured using FT-IR.
- absorption based on phosphate groups was observed in the vicinity of 1230 cm ⁇ 1 , confirming that phosphate groups were added to the pulp.
- Ion exchange water was added to the obtained phosphorylated pulp to prepare a slurry having a solid content concentration of 2% by mass. This slurry was treated 6 times at a pressure of 200 MPa with a wet atomizer (Sugino Machine, Starburst) to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose dispersion A containing fine fibrous cellulose.
- the fiber width of the fine fibrous cellulose was measured using a transmission electron microscope and found to be 3 to 5 nm.
- the amount of phosphate groups (strongly acidic group amount) measured by the measuring method described later was 2.00 mmol / g.
- a fine fibrous cellulose dispersion A was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1-1. 100 g of fine fibrous cellulose dispersion A was fractionated, and 0.39 g of aluminum sulfate was added with stirring. When stirring was further continued for 5 hours, aggregates of fine fibrous cellulose were observed. Subsequently, the fine fibrous cellulose dispersion was filtered under reduced pressure to obtain fine fibrous cellulose aggregates. The obtained fine fibrous cellulose aggregate was resuspended in ion-exchanged water so that the content of fine fibrous cellulose was 2.0% by mass. Then, it wash
- the end point of washing was the point at which the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was 100 ⁇ S / cm or less. Furthermore, the obtained fine fibrous cellulose concentrate was resuspended with methyl ethyl ketone so that the content of fine fibrous cellulose was 2.0% by mass. Next, ion exchange water was replaced with methyl ethyl ketone by repeating the operations of filtration and pressing again. The solid content concentration of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate B thus obtained was 15% by mass. When the amount of aluminum ions contained in the obtained fine fibrous cellulose concentrate B was measured by the method described later, it was 2.9 g per 100 g of the solid content.
- the washing treatment is performed by dehydrating the pulp slurry after TEMPO oxidation to obtain a dehydrated sheet, then pouring 5000 parts by mass of ion exchange water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, and then repeating the operation of filtration and dehydration. It was. When the electrical conductivity of the filtrate reached 100 ⁇ S / cm or less, the washing was finished.
- Ion exchange water was added to the obtained TEMPO oxidized pulp to prepare a slurry having a solid content concentration of 2% by mass. This slurry was treated 6 times at a pressure of 200 MPa with a wet atomizer (Sugino Machine, Starburst) to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose dispersion B containing fine fibrous cellulose.
- the fiber width of the fine fibrous cellulose was measured using a transmission electron microscope and found to be 3 to 5 nm.
- the amount of carboxyl groups measured by the measurement method described later was 1.80 mmol / g.
- a fine fibrous cellulose dispersion B was used in place of the fine fibrous cellulose dispersion A, except that 100 g of 2.11% by mass di-n-stearyldimethylammonium chloride aqueous solution was added to 100 g of the fine fibrous cellulose dispersion B.
- a fine fibrous cellulose concentrate was obtained.
- the obtained fine fibrous cellulose concentrate was air-dried to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose concentrate C having a solid content concentration of 90% by mass.
- Example 1> (Preparation of resin composition) Toluene was added to the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A so that the solid concentration was 15% by mass. Thereafter, ultrasonic treatment was performed for 10 minutes using an ultrasonic treatment device (manufactured by Hielscher, UP400S) to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid. Subsequently, the obtained fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid, acrylic resin (manufactured by DIC Corporation, ACRYDIC A-181), and toluene were mixed to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition.
- an ultrasonic treatment device manufactured by Hielscher, UP400S
- acrylic resin manufactured by DIC Corporation, ACRYDIC A-181
- toluene were mixed to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition was 2.1% by mass, the content of organic onium ions was 3.9% by mass, the content of acrylic resin was 24.0% by mass, toluene The content of was 70.0% by mass. Further, the water content in the obtained resin composition was 0.6% by mass when calculated from the amount of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A tested.
- the fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition was applied onto a glass plate using an applicator and dried for 10 minutes with a hot air dryer at 100 ° C. to obtain a coating.
- the finished basis weight of the film was measured and found to be 100 g / m 2 .
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 7.0% by mass, the content of organic onium ions was 13.0% by mass, and the content of acrylic resin was 80.0% by mass.
- Example 2 (Preparation of resin composition) To the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate B, 55% by mass of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and methyl ethyl ketone was added so that the solid content was 10% by mass. Subsequently, it was treated with an ultrasonic homogenizer (manufactured by Hielscher, UP400S) for 10 minutes to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid. In preparing the redispersion, an aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution was added so that the addition amount D [mmol] of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was a value obtained by the following formula (1).
- an ultrasonic homogenizer manufactured by Hielscher, UP400S
- A, B, and C represent the following.
- the obtained fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid, urethane resin (PU2565, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries), and methyl ethyl ketone were mixed to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition is 2.5% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions is 2.7% by mass
- the content of urethane resin is 15% by mass
- the content of methyl ethyl ketone The amount was 77.6% by mass.
- the water content in the obtained resin composition was calculated from the addition amount of the tested fine fibrous cellulose concentrate B and the addition amount of the 55 mass% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, and was 2.2 mass. %Met.
- a film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the finished basis weight of the film was measured and found to be 100 g / m 2 .
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 12.2% by mass, the content of organic onium ions was 13.3% by mass, and the content of urethane resin was 74.5% by mass.
- Example 3> A fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition and a coating film were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that toluene was added so that the solid content concentration of the fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition was 20% by mass.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition is 1.4% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions is 2.6% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin is 16.0% by mass
- toluene The content of was 80.0% by mass.
- the water content in the obtained resin composition was 0.4% by mass when calculated from the amount of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A tested.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 7.0% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions was 13.0% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin was 80.0% by mass.
- Example 4 A fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition and a coating film were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate C was used instead of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition is 3.0% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions is 3.0% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin is 24.0% by mass
- toluene The content of was 80.0% by mass.
- the water content in the obtained resin composition was 0.6% by mass when calculated from the amount of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate C tested.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 10.1% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions was 9.9% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin was 80.0% by mass.
- Example 1 A fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition and a coating film were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that toluene was added so that the solid content concentration of the fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition was 5% by mass.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition is 0.3% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions is 0.7% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin is 4.0% by mass
- toluene The content of was 95.0% by mass.
- the water content in the obtained resin composition was 0.1% by mass when calculated from the amount of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A tested.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 7.0% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions was 13.0% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin was 80.0% by mass.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 2> In the same manner as in Example 1, a fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid was obtained. Subsequently, the obtained fine fibrous cellulose redispersed liquid, acrylic resin (manufactured by DIC Corporation, ACRYDIC A-181), and toluene were mixed to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose-containing resin composition.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained resin composition is 0.5% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions is 0.5% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin is 19.0% by mass
- toluene The content of was 80.0% by mass.
- the water content in the obtained resin composition was 0.1% by mass when calculated from the amount of the fine fibrous cellulose concentrate A tested.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the obtained film was 2.7% by mass
- the content of organic onium ions was 2.3% by mass
- the content of acrylic resin was 95.0% by mass.
- the amount of phosphoric acid group of the fine fibrous cellulose is a fibrous form prepared by diluting a fine fibrous cellulose dispersion containing the target fine fibrous cellulose with ion-exchanged water so that the content becomes 0.2% by mass. It measured by performing the titration using an alkali, after processing a cellulose containing slurry with an ion exchange resin. In the treatment with the ion exchange resin, 1/10 by volume of the strongly acidic ion exchange resin (Amberjet 1024; Organo Corporation, conditioned) is added to the fibrous cellulose-containing slurry, and the mixture is shaken for 1 hour.
- the strongly acidic ion exchange resin Amberjet 1024; Organo Corporation, conditioned
- the mixture was poured onto a mesh having an opening of 90 ⁇ m to separate the resin and the slurry.
- titration using an alkali is performed by adding 50 ⁇ L of a 0.1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to a fibrous cellulose-containing slurry after treatment with an ion exchange resin once every 30 seconds. This was done by measuring the change in the value of.
- the phosphate group amount (mmol / g) is obtained by dividing the alkali amount (mmol) required in the region corresponding to the first region shown in FIG. 1 by the solid content (g) in the slurry to be titrated. Calculated.
- the amount of carboxyl groups of the fine fibrous cellulose is fibrous cellulose prepared by diluting the fine fibrous cellulose dispersion containing the target fine fibrous cellulose with ion-exchanged water so that the content becomes 0.2% by mass. It measured by performing the titration using an alkali, after processing with an ion exchange resin with respect to the containing slurry. In the treatment with the ion exchange resin, 1/10 by volume of the strongly acidic ion exchange resin (Amberjet 1024; Organo Corporation, conditioned) is added to the fibrous cellulose-containing slurry, and the mixture is shaken for 1 hour.
- the strongly acidic ion exchange resin Amberjet 1024; Organo Corporation, conditioned
- the mixture was poured onto a mesh having an opening of 90 ⁇ m to separate the resin and the slurry.
- titration with an alkali was performed by adding 50 ⁇ L of a 0.1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to a fibrous cellulose-containing slurry after treatment with an ion exchange resin once every 30 seconds. This was done by measuring the change in value.
- the carboxyl group amount (mmol / g) is obtained by dividing the alkali amount (mmol) required in the region corresponding to the first region shown in FIG. 2 by the solid content (g) in the slurry to be titrated. Calculated.
- the content of organic onium ions in the resin composition and the coating was determined by measuring the amount of nitrogen by a trace nitrogen analysis method.
- the trace nitrogen analysis was performed using a trace total nitrogen analyzer TN-110 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytical. Before the measurement, the resin composition obtained by drying at a low temperature (in a vacuum dryer at 40 ° C. for 24 hours) or the solvent in the film was removed.
- the content (% by mass) of the organic onium ion per unit mass of the resin composition or the coating is obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content (g / g) per unit mass obtained by the trace nitrogen analysis by the molecular weight of the organic onium ion. It was obtained by dividing by the atomic weight.
- the content of fine fibrous cellulose in the resin composition and the coating was measured by the following method. First, the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose contained in the resin composition and the coating was measured. Specifically, a component covalently bonded to fine fibrous cellulose was extracted. Then, the component which exists as a counter ion of the anionic group which fine fibrous cellulose has was selectively extracted as a salt by acid treatment. The solid content remaining after this operation was taken as the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose. In addition, the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose was a mass when assuming that the counter ion of the anionic group of the fine fibrous cellulose is a hydrogen ion (H + ). Next, the content of the fine fibrous cellulose was calculated by dividing the mass of the fine fibrous cellulose by the mass of the resin composition.
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Abstract
Description
具体的に、本発明は、以下の構成を有する。
混合する工程で得られる繊維状セルロースの混合物、有機溶剤及び樹脂を混合して樹脂組成物を得る工程と、
樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布する工程と、を含み、
繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
樹脂組成物中における繊維状セルロースの含有量は1質量%以上である、繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法。
[2] 有機オニウムは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす[1]に記載の繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。
[3] 繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン、樹脂及び有機溶剤を含有する樹脂組成物であって、
繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
繊維状セルロースの含有量は樹脂組成物の全質量に対して1質量%以上であり、
水の含有量が樹脂組成物の全質量に対して10質量%未満である樹脂組成物。
[4] 有機オニウムイオンは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす[3]に記載の樹脂組成物。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。
[5] 下記式で算出されるG値が0.9以下である[3]又は[4]に記載の樹脂組成物。
G値=(樹脂組成物の表面張力(mN/m)/(樹脂組成物に含まれる有機溶剤成分の表面張力(mN/m))
[6] 繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン及び樹脂を含有する被膜であって、
繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
繊維状セルロースの含有量は被膜の全質量に対して4質量%以上である被膜。
[7] 有機オニウムイオンの含有量は被膜の全質量に対して4質量%以上である[6]に記載の被膜。
[8] 有機オニウムイオンは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす[6]又は[7]に記載の被膜。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。
[9] 基材の少なくとも片面に[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の被膜が形成されてなる積層体。
本発明は、繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン、樹脂及び有機溶剤を含有する樹脂組成物に関する。ここで、繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上である。また、繊維状セルロースの含有量は樹脂組成物の全質量に対して1質量%以上であり、水の含有量は樹脂組成物の全質量に対して10質量%未満である。なお、本明細書において、繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロースを微細繊維状セルロースと呼ぶこともある。
一般的に、微細繊維状セルロースを含有する樹脂組成物においては、微細繊維状セルロースの凝集を抑制するために微細繊維状セルロースの濃度を低く設定することが行われている。また、樹脂組成物を調製する工程において微細繊維状セルロースの濃度を高くすることが困難である場合が多い。しかし、本発明者らは、敢えて微細繊維状セルロースの含有量を高くし、樹脂組成物の全質量に対して1質量%以上とすることにより、被膜を形成する場合であっても、微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂の分離を抑制することに成功した。これは、樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量を一定値以上に高めることにより、樹脂組成物や被膜において微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂の絡み合い構造が維持されやすくなり、これにより、各成分が分離もしくは局在することが抑制されるためであると考えられる。すなわち、本発明の樹脂組成物や被膜においては、微細繊維状セルロースの分散が均一となっている。
G値=(樹脂組成物の表面張力(mN/m))/(樹脂組成物に含まれる有機溶剤成分の表面張力(mN/m))
G値を上記範囲内とするためには、樹脂組成物の表面張力をある程度低くすることが必要である。本発明の樹脂組成物においては、溶媒分子間の引き合う力が、有機オニウムを対イオンとする微細繊維状セルロースが介在することで緩和され、その結果、樹脂組成物の表面張力が低くなるものと考えられる。このため、G値を上記範囲内とすることにより、基材に対する濡れ性を良好にすることができ、樹脂組成物の塗工性を高めることができる。これにより、基材に対する密着性の高い被膜が得られる。なお、樹脂組成物の表面張力は、試料温度23℃の条件で測定した値である。樹脂組成物に含まれる有機溶剤成分の表面張力は、例えば蒸留により樹脂組成物から有機溶剤成分のみを回収して測定することができる。測定機器としては、例えば、協和界面科学社製のSURFACETENSIOMETER CBVP-A3等を挙げることができる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース(微細繊維状セルロース)を含む。繊維状セルロースの繊維幅は、たとえば電子顕微鏡観察などにより測定することが可能である。
(1)観察画像内の任意箇所に一本の直線Xを引き、該直線Xに対し、20本以上の繊維が交差する。
(2)同じ画像内で該直線と垂直に交差する直線Yを引き、該直線Yに対し、20本以上の繊維が交差する。
上記条件を満足する観察画像に対し、直線X、直線Yと交差する繊維の幅を目視で読み取る。このようにして、少なくとも互いに重なっていない表面部分の観察画像を3組以上得る。次いで、各画像に対して、直線X、直線Yと交差する繊維の幅を読み取る。これにより、少なくとも20本×2×3=120本の繊維幅を読み取る。そして、読み取った繊維幅の平均値を、繊維状セルロースの平均繊維幅とする。
リン酸基又はリン酸基に由来する置換基は、たとえば下記式(1)で表される置換基である。
ここで、単位mmol/gは、アニオン性基の対イオンが水素イオン(H+)であるときの繊維状セルロースの質量1gあたりの置換基量を示す。
すなわち、下記計算式によってカルボキシル基導入量を算出する。
カルボキシル基導入量(C型)=カルボキシル基量(酸型)/[1+(W-1)×(カルボキシル基量(酸型))/1000]
W:陽イオンCの1価あたりの式量(例えば、Naは23、Alは9)
<繊維原料>
微細繊維状セルロースは、セルロースを含む繊維原料から製造される。セルロースを含む繊維原料としては、とくに限定されないが、入手しやすく安価である点からパルプを用いることが好ましい。パルプとしては、たとえば木材パルプ、非木材パルプ、および脱墨パルプが挙げられる。木材パルプとしては、とくに限定されないが、たとえば広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LBKP)、針葉樹クラフトパルプ(NBKP)、サルファイトパルプ(SP)、溶解パルプ(DP)、ソーダパルプ(AP)、未晒しクラフトパルプ(UKP)および酸素漂白クラフトパルプ(OKP)等の化学パルプ、セミケミカルパルプ(SCP)およびケミグラウンドウッドパルプ(CGP)等の半化学パルプ、砕木パルプ(GP)およびサーモメカニカルパルプ(TMP、BCTMP)等の機械パルプ等が挙げられる。非木材パルプとしては、とくに限定されないが、たとえばコットンリンターおよびコットンリント等の綿系パルプ、麻、麦わらおよびバガス等の非木材系パルプが挙げられる。脱墨パルプとしては、とくに限定されないが、たとえば古紙を原料とする脱墨パルプが挙げられる。本実施態様のパルプは上記の1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
上記パルプの中でも、入手のしやすさという観点からは、たとえば木材パルプおよび脱墨パルプが好ましい。また、木材パルプの中でも、セルロース比率が大きく解繊処理時の微細繊維状セルロースの収率が高い観点や、パルプ中のセルロースの分解が小さく軸比の大きい長繊維の微細繊維状セルロースが得られる観点から、たとえば化学パルプがより好ましく、クラフトパルプ、サルファイトパルプがさらに好ましい。
微細繊維状セルロースがリン酸基を有する場合、微細繊維状セルロースの製造工程は、リン酸基導入工程を含む。リン酸基導入工程は、セルロースを含む繊維原料が有する水酸基と反応することで、リン酸基を導入できる化合物から選択される少なくとも1種の化合物(以下、「化合物A」ともいう)を、セルロースを含む繊維原料に作用させる工程である。この工程により、リン酸基導入繊維が得られることとなる。
反応の均一性を向上させる観点から、化合物Bは水溶液として用いることが好ましい。また、反応の均一性をさらに向上させる観点からは、化合物Aと化合物Bの両方が溶解した水溶液を用いることが好ましい。
微細繊維状セルロースがカルボキシル基を有する場合、微細繊維状セルロースの製造工程は、カルボキシル基導入工程を含む。カルボキシル基導入工程は、セルロースを含む繊維原料に対し、オゾン酸化やフェントン法による酸化、TEMPO酸化処理などの酸化処理やカルボン酸由来の基を有する化合物もしくはその誘導体、またはカルボン酸由来の基を有する化合物の酸無水物もしくはその誘導体によって処理することにより行われる。
本実施形態における微細繊維状セルロースの製造方法においては、必要に応じてリン酸基導入繊維に対して洗浄工程を行うことができる。洗浄工程は、たとえば水や有機溶剤によりリン酸基導入繊維を洗浄することにより行われる。また、洗浄工程は後述する各工程の後に行われてもよく、各洗浄工程において実施される洗浄回数は、とくに限定されない。
微細繊維状セルロースを製造する場合、リン酸基導入工程と、後述する解繊処理工程との間に、繊維原料に対してアルカリ処理を行ってもよい。アルカリ処理の方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えばアルカリ溶液中に、リン酸基導入繊維を浸漬する方法が挙げられる。
微細繊維状セルロースを製造する場合、アニオン性基を導入する工程と、後述する解繊処理工程の間に、繊維原料に対して酸処理を行ってもよい。例えば、リン酸基導入工程、酸処理、アルカリ処理及び解繊処理をこの順で行ってもよい。
アニオン性基導入繊維を解繊処理工程で解繊処理することにより、微細繊維状セルロースが得られる。解繊処理工程においては、たとえば解繊処理装置を用いることができる。解繊処理装置は、特に限定されないが、たとえば高速解繊機、グラインダー(石臼型粉砕機)、高圧ホモジナイザーや超高圧ホモジナイザー、高圧衝突型粉砕機、ボールミル、ビーズミル、ディスク型リファイナー、コニカルリファイナー、二軸混練機、振動ミル、高速回転下でのホモミキサー、超音波分散機、またはビーターなどを使用することができる。上記解繊処理装置の中でも、粉砕メディアの影響が少なく、コンタミネーションのおそれが少ない高速解繊機、高圧ホモジナイザー、超高圧ホモジナイザーを用いるのがより好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物には有機オニウムイオンが含まれる。有機オニウムイオンは、微細繊維状セルロースの対イオンとして存在していてもよく、遊離した有機オニウムイオンとして存在していてもよい。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。
すなわち、微細繊維状セルロースは、炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む有機オニウムイオン、及び総炭素数が16以上の有機オニウムイオンから選択される少なくとも一方を、アニオン性基の対イオンとして含むことが好ましい。有機オニウムイオンを、上記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たすものとすることにより、微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂の相溶性を高めることができる。
中でも、Mは、窒素原子であることが好ましい。すなわち、有機オニウムイオンは有機アンモニウムイオンであることが好ましい。また、R1~R4の少なくとも1つは、炭素数が4以上のアルキル基であり、かつR1~R4の炭素数の合計が16以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、樹脂を含む。樹脂の種類は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂を挙げることができる。
なお、セルロース誘導体としては、たとえば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロースなどを挙げることができる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、有機溶剤を含む。有機溶剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)、1-ブタノール、m-クレゾール、グリセリン、酢酸、ピリジン、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)、酢酸エチル、アニリン、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、p-キシレン、ジエチルエーテルクロロホルム等を挙げることができる。中でも、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)、トルエンは好ましく用いられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、上述した微細繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン、樹脂及び有機溶剤の他に任意成分を含むものであってもよい。
樹脂組成物の製造工程は、微細繊維状セルロースと有機オニウムを混合する工程(以下、工程aともいう)と、混合する工程で得られる繊維状セルロースの混合物、有機溶剤及び樹脂を混合して樹脂組成物を得る工程(以下、工程bともいう)と、を含む。ここで、有機オニウムは、上述した有機オニウムイオンでもよく、水和や中和により上述した有機オニウムイオンを生成する化合物でもよい。
また、添加する有機オニウムイオンのモル数は、微細繊維状セルロースが含むアニオン性基の量(モル数)に価数を乗じた値の0.2倍以上であることが好ましく、1.0倍以上であることがより好ましく、2.0倍以上であることがさらに好ましい。なお、添加する有機オニウムイオンのモル数は、微細繊維状セルロースが含むアニオン性基の量(モル数)に価数を乗じた値の10倍以下であることが好ましい。
また、凝集物中に含まれる有機オニウムイオンの含有量は5質量%以上であることが好ましく、10質量%以上であることがより好ましい。有機オニウムイオンの含有量は 90質量%以下であることが好ましい。
0.1×A×B×C/D≦E≦10×A×B×C/D (式1)
0.2×A×B×C/D≦E≦5×A×B×C/D (式1A)
0.5×A×B×C/D≦E≦2×A×B×C/D (式1B)
式中、
A:繊維状セルロースが有するアニオン性基量[mmol/g]
B:官能基の価数
C:供試した繊維状セルロース量[g]
D:多価金属イオンの価数
E:多価金属の塩を含む凝集剤の添加量[mmol]
である。
この際、凝集物中に含まれる多価金属イオンの含有量は固形分100gあたり0.1g以上であることが好ましく、1g以上であることがより好ましい。多価金属イオンの含有量は50g以下であることが好ましい。
本発明は、被膜の製造方法に関するものでもある。
本発明の被膜の製造方法は、繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロースと有機オニウムを混合する工程と、混合する工程で得られる繊維状セルロースの混合物、有機溶剤及び樹脂を混合して樹脂組成物を得る工程と、樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布する工程と、を含む。ここで、繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、樹脂組成物中における繊維状セルロースの含有量は1質量%以上である。
本発明は、上述した樹脂組成物から形成される被膜に関するものでもある。具体的には、本発明は、繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン及び樹脂を含有する被膜に関する。ここで、繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上である。また、繊維状セルロースの含有量は被膜の全質量に対して4質量%以上である。
本発明は、基材の少なくとも片面に上述した被膜が形成されてなる積層体に関するものでもある。図3は、積層体100の構造を説明する断面図である。図3に示されるように、積層体100は基材20上に積層された被膜10を有する。ここで、基材20と被膜10の間には他の層が設けられていてもよいが、被膜10は基材20上に直接接するように積層されていることが好ましい。なお、図3には、基材20の片面に被膜10が形成されてなる積層体100を図示しているが、本発明の積層体は、基材の両面に被膜が形成されてなる積層体であってもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物の用途は特に限定されない。例えば、増粘剤、補強剤、添加剤として、セメント、塗料、インク、潤滑剤などに使用することができる。また、樹脂組成物を基材上に塗工することで得られる積層体は、補強材、内装材、外装材、包装用資材、電子材料、光学材料、音響材料、プロセス材料、輸送機器の部材、電子機器の部材、電気化学素子の部材等の用途にも適している。
〔微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物の製造〕
原料パルプとして、王子製紙製の針葉樹クラフトパルプ(固形分93質量%、坪量208g/m2シート状、離解してJIS P 8121に準じて測定されるカナダ標準濾水度(CSF)が700ml)を使用した。この原料パルプに対してリン酸化処理を次のようにして行った。まず、上記原料パルプ100質量部(絶乾質量)に、リン酸二水素アンモニウムと尿素の混合水溶液を添加して、リン酸二水素アンモニウム45質量部、尿素120質量部、水150質量部となるように調整し、薬液含浸パルプを得た。次いで、得られた薬液含浸パルプを165℃の熱風乾燥機で200秒加熱し、パルプ中のセルロースにリン酸基を導入し、リン酸化パルプを得た。
得られた微細繊維状セルロース凝集物をイオン交換水で繰り返し洗うことで、微細繊維状セルロース凝集物に含まれる余剰なジ-n-ステアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド及び溶出したイオンを除去し、微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物を得た。得られた微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物を風乾し、固形分濃度が90質量%の微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aを得た。
製造例1-1と同様に微細繊維状セルロース分散液Aを得た。微細繊維状セルロース分散液A100gを分取し、撹拌しながら0.39gの硫酸アルミニウムを添加した。さらに5時間撹拌を続けたところ、微細繊維状セルロースの凝集物が認められた。次いで、微細繊維状セルロース分散液を減圧濾過し、微細繊維状セルロース凝集物を得た。得られた微細繊維状セルロース凝集物を、微細繊維状セルロースの含有量が2.0質量%となるようにイオン交換水に再懸濁した。その後、再び濾過と圧搾を行う操作を繰り返すことで洗浄し、微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物を得た。洗浄終点は、ろ液の電気伝導度が100μS/cm以下となった点とした。
さらに、得られた微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物を、メチルエチルケトンで微細繊維状セルロースの含有量が2.0質量%となるよう再懸濁した。次いで、再び濾過と圧搾を行う操作を繰り返すことでイオン交換水をメチルエチルケトンで置換した。このようにして得られた微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Bの固形分濃度は15質量%であった。得られた微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Bに含まれるアルミニウムイオン量を後述の方法で測定したところ、固形分100gあたり2.9gであった。
原料パルプとして、王子製紙製の針葉樹クラフトパルプ(固形分93質量%、坪量208g/m2シート状、離解してJIS P 8121に準じて測定されるカナダ標準濾水度(CSF)が700ml)を使用した。この原料パルプに対してTEMPO酸化処理を次のようにして行った。まず、乾燥質量100質量部相当の上記原料パルプと、TEMPO(2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシル)1.6質量部と、臭化ナトリウム10質量部を、水10000質量部に分散させた。次いで、13質量%の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を、パルプ1.0gに対して10mmolになるように加えて反応を開始した。反応中は0.5Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下してpHを10以上10.5以下に保ち、pHに変化が見られなくなった時点で反応終了と見なした。
〔樹脂組成物の調製〕
微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aに、固形分濃度が15質量%となるようトルエンを添加した。その後、超音波処理装置(hielscher製、UP400S)を用いて超音波処理を10分間行い、微細繊維状セルロース再分散液を得た。
次いで、得られた微細繊維状セルロース再分散液、アクリル樹脂(DIC(株)製、アクリディック A-181)、およびトルエンを混合して微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物を得た。
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は2.1質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は3.9質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は24.0質量%、トルエンの含有量は70.0質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aの添加量から計算したところ、0.6質量%であった。
微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物をガラス板上にアプリケーターを用いて塗布し、100℃の熱風乾燥機で10分間乾燥させ、被膜を得た。被膜の仕上がり坪量を測定したところ100g/m2であった。得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は7.0質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は13.0質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は80.0質量%であった。
〔樹脂組成物の調製〕
微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Bに、55質量%のテトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を添加し、固形分含有量が10質量%となるようメチルエチルケトンを添加した。次いで、超音波ホモジナイザー(hielscher製、UP400S)で10分間処理し、微細繊維状セルロース再分散液を得た。なお、再分散液を調製する際には、テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの添加量D[mmol]が下記式(1)で得られる値となるようにテトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を添加した。
D=(A+C)×B (1)
ここで上記式(1)中、A、B、Cは次を示す。
A:微細繊維状セルロースに導入された官能基に由来するアニオン量[mmol/g]
B:供試した微細繊維状セルロース量[g]
C:微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物に含まれるアルミニウムイオン量[mmol/g]
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は2.5質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は2.7質量%、ウレタン樹脂の含有量は15質量%、メチルエチルケトンの含有量は77.6質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Bの添加量と55質量%テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液の添加量から計算したところ、2.2質量%であった。
実施例1と同様にして被膜を得た。被膜の仕上がり坪量を測定したところ100g/m2であった。得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は12.2質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は13.3質量%、ウレタン樹脂の含有量は74.5質量%であった。
微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物の固形分濃度を20質量%となるようにトルエンを加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物および被膜を得た。
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は1.4質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は2.6質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は16.0質量%、トルエンの含有量は80.0質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aの添加量から計算したところ、0.4質量%であった。
また、得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は7.0質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は13.0質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は80.0質量%であった。
微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aの代わりに、微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Cを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物および被膜を得た。
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は3.0質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は3.0質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は24.0質量%、トルエンの含有量は80.0質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Cの添加量から計算したところ、0.6質量%であった。
また、得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は10.1質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は9.9質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は80.0質量%であった。
微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物の固形分濃度を5質量%となるようにトルエンを加えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物および被膜を得た。
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は0.3質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は0.7質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は4.0質量%、トルエンの含有量は95.0質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aの添加量から計算したところ、0.1質量%であった。
また、得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は7.0質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は13.0質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は80.0質量%であった。
実施例1と同様にして微細繊維状セルロース再分散液を得た。
次いで、得られた微細繊維状セルロース再分散液、アクリル樹脂(DIC(株)製、アクリディック A-181)、およびトルエンを混合して微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物を得た。
なお、得られた樹脂組成物中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は0.5質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は0.5質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は19.0質量%、トルエンの含有量は80.0質量%であった。また、得られた樹脂組成物中の水含有量は、供試した微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物Aの添加量から計算したところ、0.1質量%であった。
また、得られた被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は2.7質量%、有機オニウムイオンの含有量は2.3質量%、アクリル樹脂の含有量は95.0質量%であった。
〔リン酸基量の測定〕
微細繊維状セルロースのリン酸基量は、対象となる微細繊維状セルロースを含む微細繊維状セルロース分散液をイオン交換水で含有量が0.2質量%となるように希釈して作製した繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに対し、イオン交換樹脂による処理を行った後、アルカリを用いた滴定を行うことにより測定した。
イオン交換樹脂による処理は、上記繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに体積で1/10の強酸性イオン交換樹脂(アンバージェット1024;オルガノ株式会社、コンディショング済)を加え、1時間振とう処理を行った後、目開き90μmのメッシュ上に注いで樹脂とスラリーを分離することにより行った。
また、アルカリを用いた滴定は、イオン交換樹脂による処理後の繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに、0.1Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を、30秒に1回、50μLずつ加えながら、スラリーが示す電気伝導度の値の変化を計測することにより行った。リン酸基量(mmol/g)は、計測結果のうち図1に示す第1領域に相当する領域において必要としたアルカリ量(mmol)を、滴定対象スラリー中の固形分(g)で除して算出した。
微細繊維状セルロースのカルボキシル基量は、対象となる微細繊維状セルロースを含む微細繊維状セルロース分散液をイオン交換水で含有量が0.2質量%となるように希釈して作製した繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに対し、イオン交換樹脂による処理を行った後、アルカリを用いた滴定を行うことにより測定した。
イオン交換樹脂による処理は、上記繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに体積で1/10の強酸性イオン交換樹脂(アンバージェット1024;オルガノ株式会社、コンディショング済)を加え、1時間振とう処理を行った後、目開き90μmのメッシュ上に注いで樹脂とスラリーを分離することにより行った。
また、アルカリを用いた滴定は、イオン交換樹脂による処理後の繊維状セルロース含有スラリーに、0.1Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を30秒に1回、50μLずつ加えながら、スラリーが示す電気伝導度の値の変化を計測することにより行った。カルボキシル基量(mmol/g)は、計測結果のうち図2に示す第1領域に相当する領域において必要としたアルカリ量(mmol)を、滴定対象スラリー中の固形分(g)で除して算出した。
樹脂組成物および被膜中の有機オニウムイオンの含有量は、微量窒素分析法により窒素量を測定することで決定した。微量窒素分析は、三菱化学アナリック社の微量全窒素分析装置TN-110を用いて測定した。測定前に、低温(真空乾燥器にて、40℃24時間)で乾燥し得られた樹脂組成物あるいは被膜中の溶媒を除いた。
樹脂組成物もしくは被膜単位質量あたりの有機オニウムイオンの含有量(質量%)は、微量窒素分析で得られた単位質量あたりの窒素含有量(g/g)を有機オニウムイオンの分子量で乗じ、窒素の原子量で除することで求めた。
微細繊維状セルロース濃縮物中のアルミニウム量はJIS G 1257-10-1:2013に準拠して測定した。
樹脂組成物および被膜中の微細繊維状セルロースの含有量は、以下の方法で測定した。
まず、樹脂組成物および被膜中に含まれる微細繊維状セルロースの質量を測定した。具体的には、微細繊維状セルロースと共有結合した成分を抽出した。その後、酸処理によって、微細繊維状セルロースが有するアニオン性基の対イオンとして存在する成分を塩として選択的に抽出した。この操作を経た後に残る固形分を微細繊維状セルロースの質量とした。なお、微細繊維状セルロースの質量は、微細繊維状セルロースが有するアニオン性基の対イオンが水素イオン(H+)であると仮定した際の質量とした。
次いで、微細繊維状セルロースの質量を、樹脂組成物の質量で除すことで、微細繊維状セルロースの含有量を算出した。
実施例および比較例の微細繊維状セルロース含有樹脂組成物の表面張力を、協和界面科学社製のSURFACETENSIOMETER CBVP-A3を用いて、試料温度が23℃の条件で測定した。
実施例および比較例の被膜について微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂の分離状態(分離の有無)を下記の評価基準に従ってそれぞれ目視で評価した。
○:肉眼では微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂が判別できない(分離がない)
△:微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂との分離に由来する表面の凹凸が被膜全体に確認される
×:微細繊維状セルロースと樹脂の分離が肉眼で判別される
実施例および比較例の被膜について基材との密着性を下記の評価基準に従ってそれぞれ目視で評価した。
○:手作業では基材から取れないほど基材と被膜が密着している
△:得られた被膜が手作業で基材から取れてしまう
×:被膜が得られない
実施例および比較例の被膜について基材からの剥離性を下記の評価基準に従ってそれぞれ目視で評価した。
○:得られた被膜が、手作業で剥離できる
△:手作業での剥離中に被膜が破断するが一部のみ剥離できる
×:手作業では剥離できない
20 基材
100 積層体
Claims (9)
- 繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロースと有機オニウムを混合する工程と、
前記混合する工程で得られる繊維状セルロースの混合物、有機溶剤及び樹脂を混合して樹脂組成物を得る工程と、
前記樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布する工程と、を含み、
前記繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、前記アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
前記樹脂組成物中における前記繊維状セルロースの含有量は1質量%以上である、繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法。 - 前記有機オニウムは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす請求項1に記載の繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。 - 繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン、樹脂及び有機溶剤を含有する樹脂組成物であって、
前記繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、前記アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
前記繊維状セルロースの含有量は前記樹脂組成物の全質量に対して1質量%以上であり、
水の含有量が前記樹脂組成物の全質量に対して10質量%未満である樹脂組成物。 - 前記有機オニウムイオンは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす請求項3に記載の樹脂組成物。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。 - 下記式で算出されるG値が0.9以下である請求項3又は4に記載の樹脂組成物。
G値=(樹脂組成物の表面張力(mN/m))/(樹脂組成物に含まれる有機溶剤成分の表面張力(mN/m)) - 繊維幅が1000nm以下の繊維状セルロース、有機オニウムイオン及び樹脂を含有する被膜であって、
前記繊維状セルロースはアニオン性基を有し、前記アニオン性基の含有量は0.50mmol/g以上であり、
前記繊維状セルロースの含有量は前記被膜の全質量に対して4質量%以上である被膜。 - 前記有機オニウムイオンの含有量は前記被膜の全質量に対して4質量%以上である請求項6に記載の被膜。
- 前記有機オニウムイオンは、下記(a)及び(b)から選択される少なくとも一方の条件を満たす請求項6又は7に記載の被膜。
(a)炭素数が4以上の炭化水素基を含む。
(b)総炭素数が16以上である。 - 基材の少なくとも片面に請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の被膜が形成されてなる積層体。
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