WO2019161716A1 - 节流组件、整流及流量测量装置 - Google Patents

节流组件、整流及流量测量装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019161716A1
WO2019161716A1 PCT/CN2019/071962 CN2019071962W WO2019161716A1 WO 2019161716 A1 WO2019161716 A1 WO 2019161716A1 CN 2019071962 W CN2019071962 W CN 2019071962W WO 2019161716 A1 WO2019161716 A1 WO 2019161716A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
throttle
throttle member
section
central
peripheral
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/071962
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
明晓
Original Assignee
南京亿准纳自动化控制技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810155154.6A external-priority patent/CN108303150A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810155101.4A external-priority patent/CN108332807B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810155152.7A external-priority patent/CN108303149A/zh
Application filed by 南京亿准纳自动化控制技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京亿准纳自动化控制技术有限公司
Priority to US16/975,300 priority Critical patent/US11713986B2/en
Priority to EP19757374.4A priority patent/EP3745095B1/en
Publication of WO2019161716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019161716A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • F15D1/025—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits by means of orifice or throttle elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
    • F16L55/02709—Throttle passages in the form of perforated plates
    • F16L55/02718—Throttle passages in the form of perforated plates placed transversely
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/42—Orifices or nozzles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of flow measurement, and in particular to a throttle assembly and a rectification and flow measuring device including the same.
  • a throttling member having a flow area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the pipe If a throttling member having a flow area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the pipe is placed in the fluid-filled pipe, the fluid beam in the pipe will undergo local shrinkage or flow separation when passing through the throttle member, at the contraction or separation, The static pressure will decrease, so a certain pressure difference (also called differential pressure) will occur before and after the throttle. There is a certain functional relationship between this pressure difference and the flow rate, so the flow rate can be measured by measuring the pressure difference between the front and the rear of the throttle member placed in the pipe.
  • the existing flow sensor in the pipeline that uses the pressure difference between the total pressure and the static pressure to achieve flow measurement is most typical of orifice plates (see Figure 1), standard nozzles, venturi tubes, and various constant velocity tubes.
  • the orifice plate, the standard nozzle, the venturi tube and the like cause a pressure difference caused by the contraction occurring when the fluid flows through the measuring member;
  • the uniform velocity tube mainly causes the pressure difference by the separation which occurs when the fluid flows through the measuring member.
  • these flow sensors need relatively long straight pipe sections in the process of use.
  • the existing rectifying device usually consists of one or several bundles of elongated passages. If the number of these passages is controlled, the flow will be contracted or separated before and after the passage, so that differential pressure can be generated for flow measurement; Density, and the arrangement of these channels according to certain rules, helps to reduce the interaction between the flow separation at the rear of the channel. Based on this idea, engineers and technicians have developed a throttling device with a porous passage as shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b based on standard flow sensors such as orifice plates for rectification and flow measurement.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,341,848 and 5, 552,093 disclose a plate-like fairing (i.e., a perforated orifice) having a plurality of circular passages having a certain thickness. And according to certain rules, the size, quantity and location of the circular channel are properly arranged to improve the flow stability and make the flow fully develop as soon as possible.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,051,765 and Chinese Patent No. CN200710162844.6 further disclose a balanced orifice plate which is also a plate-like device having a plurality of thicknesses which are arranged in a regular manner.
  • the size, number and position of the through holes on the balance hole plate are set according to the requirements of equalizing the Reynolds number in each through hole, so as to balance the flow state, make the flow fully develop as soon as possible, and improve the measurement accuracy.
  • Chinese patents CN201110344567.7, CN201120087553.7, CN201220273926.4, etc. have also published porous orifice plates of similar structure for flow metering.
  • Chinese patent CN201220323927.5 discloses a venturi-type porous orifice plate, each of which has a shape in which the middle thin sides are gradually thickened, that is, a venturi type.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a throttle assembly including a center throttle member and a plurality of peripheral throttle members, wherein the plurality of peripheral throttle members are sequentially sleeved outside the center throttle member, and the center
  • the throttle member is coaxial, and an annular fluid passage is formed between the central throttle member and its adjacent peripheral throttle member and between adjacent peripheral throttle members.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a rectification and flow measuring device comprising:
  • the throttling assembly is disposed in the measuring tube.
  • the throttling assembly has an annular fluid passage. Due to the pressing action of the annular fluid passage, the flow rate is increased and the pressure is lowered after the fluid enters the annular fluid passage, and the flow velocity distribution is easily sorted into a relatively standard form.
  • the velocity distribution of the tube flow is inherently a layered state, and the throttling assembly further utilizes a coaxial annular fluid passage to adjust the tube flow at different levels to standardize the flow state more quickly (ie, at a shorter distance). .
  • the annular fluid passage can rectify the fluid state in the tube, and can form a pressure drop to generate a stable, high signal-to-noise ratio differential pressure signal that can be used for flow measurement, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the flow measurement.
  • Rectification and flow measurement devices make rectification and flow measurement easier and more accurate.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can be connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and the installation of the throttling component in the pipeline to be tested is not required, and the coaxiality of each annular fluid passage is ensured, thereby improving the measurement precision.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the installation of a conventional orifice flowmeter
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b respectively show schematic views of a conventional throttling device having a porous passage
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly and a rectification and flow measuring device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of a throttle assembly and a rectification and flow measuring device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 5a and 5b respectively show an axial cross-sectional view and a side cross-sectional view of an annular fluid passage of a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 6a and 6b respectively show a partial perspective view and a partial perspective cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing the flow rate in the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8a and 8b are respectively an axial cross-sectional view and a side cross-sectional view of an annular fluid passage of a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9a and 9b respectively show a partial perspective view and a partial perspective cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the flow rate in the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11a and 11b are respectively an axial cross-sectional view and a side cross-sectional view of an annular fluid passage of a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13a and 13b respectively show a perspective view and a partial perspective view of a throttle assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttle assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 and 22 respectively show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view showing an annular fluid passage of a knot rectifying and flow measuring device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttle assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • 25 and 26 respectively show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view showing an isometric cross section of an annular fluid passage of a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a throttle assembly includes a central throttle member and a plurality of peripheral throttle members, wherein the plurality of peripheral throttle members are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the central throttle member and coaxial with the central throttle member, the central portion An annular fluid passage is formed between the flow member and its adjacent peripheral throttle member and between adjacent peripheral throttle members.
  • the throttling component can be disposed in the pipeline to be tested, and the central throttle member, the plurality of peripheral throttle members and the pipeline to be tested are coaxially disposed, and the pipeline to be tested and the adjacent peripheral throttle member also form a ring.
  • the fluid passage is provided with a high pressure pressure tapping hole and a low pressure pressure tapping hole on the side wall of the pipeline to be tested.
  • the coaxially disposed pipeline to be tested, the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member form a plurality of coaxial annular fluid passages. Due to the extrusion of the annular fluid passage, the flow rate is increased and the pressure is reduced after the fluid enters the annular fluid passage, and the flow velocity distribution is easily sorted into a relatively standard form.
  • the velocity distribution of the tube flow is inherently a layered state, and further adjustment of the flow state can be performed faster (i.e., at a shorter distance) by further adjusting the tube flow at different levels using a coaxial annular fluid passage.
  • the throttling assembly can quickly and stably stabilize the fluid flow in the pipeline to be tested, a regular flow velocity distribution is formed, so that it is not necessary to install the straight pipe sections required for the measurement of the existing flow measuring device, thereby reducing the requirements on the site conditions.
  • the annular fluid passage while rectifying the fluid state within the tube, creates a pressure drop that produces a differential pressure signal that can be used for flow measurement.
  • the pressure is measured by the high pressure pressure tapping hole and the low pressure pressure tapping hole provided on the side wall of the pipeline to be tested, and the pressure difference is measured by the pressure sensor or the differential pressure sensor, and then the flow rate through the pipeline to be tested can be calculated. Since the rectifying effect of the throttling component is good, a stable and high signal-to-noise ratio differential pressure signal can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the flow measurement.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a rectification and flow measuring device comprising:
  • the throttling assembly is disposed in the measuring tube.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can perform rectification and flow measurement more conveniently and accurately.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can be connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and the installation of the throttling component in the pipeline to be tested is not required, and the coaxiality of each annular fluid passage is ensured, thereby improving the measurement precision.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttling assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side view showing a throttling assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 5a and 5b respectively show an axial cross-sectional view and a side cross-sectional view of an annular fluid passage of a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figs. 6a and 6b respectively show a section according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the throttle assembly includes a center throttle member 2 and a plurality of peripheral throttle members 3.
  • a plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the central throttle member 2, and coaxial with the central throttle member 2, between the central throttle member 2 and its adjacent peripheral throttle member 3, adjacent to the periphery
  • An annular fluid passage 1 is formed between the throttle members 3, respectively.
  • the central throttle member 2 is cylindrical and includes an annular side wall and two circular end faces connected to the annular side wall.
  • the peripheral throttle member 3 has a cylindrical shape, and the side wall of the peripheral throttle member 3 has a certain thickness.
  • the annular fluid passage 1 between the central throttle member 2 and its adjacent peripheral throttle member 3 has a circular cross section, and the annular fluid passage between adjacent peripheral throttle members 3 is also a circular cross section. shape.
  • the axial lengths of the center throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are equal, and the axial end faces of the center throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are aligned with each other.
  • the flow rates in the respective annular fluid passages are substantially equal, and the central throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttlings are simplified in order to simplify the design, manufacture, and installation of the throttling assembly.
  • the axial lengths of the members 3 are equal, and the axial end faces are aligned with each other to achieve a better rectifying effect.
  • the area of the cross section of the annular fluid passage satisfies the following formula (1), wherein the cross section is perpendicular to the axial direction of the center throttle:
  • S i is the area of the cross section of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • l i is the axial length of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • v i is the flow rate in the i-th annular fluid passage
  • r i is the radius of the center circle of the i-th annular fluid channel.
  • the flow velocity in each annular fluid passage 1 can be determined according to actual working conditions. For example, when applied to a long straight pipe and the inner wall of the pipe is relatively smooth, the flow velocity in each annular fluid passage 1 is substantially equal; when applied to long straight When the pipe has a large inner wall roughness, the flow velocity in the annular fluid passage 1 near the center of the measuring pipe is large.
  • the diameter of the central throttle member 2, the diameter and thickness of the center circle of each peripheral throttle member 3, and the components can be adjusted under the constraint of the formula (1).
  • the distance between the center throttle 2 and the peripheral throttle 3 is optimized for optimum rectification and maximum measurement accuracy.
  • the axis of the central throttle and the plurality of peripheral throttles are provided.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device includes the measuring tube 8 and a throttle unit provided in the measuring tube 8.
  • the measuring tube 8 is cylindrical, and is disposed coaxially with the central throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3.
  • An annular fluid passage 1 is also formed between the measuring tube 8 and its adjacent peripheral throttle member 3, wherein the annular fluid The channel 1a is closest to the side wall of the measuring tube 8, and the annular fluid channel 1b is closest to the axis of the measuring tube 8.
  • a support connector 9 is provided in each annular fluid passage, and the support connector 9 may be a support rod or a support piece.
  • the support connector 9 can support and connect the central throttle 2 with its adjacent peripheral throttle 3, the adjacent peripheral throttle 3, and the measuring tube 8 and its adjacent peripheral throttle 3, Keep the relative position between these components fixed.
  • the support link 9 is evenly distributed within the annular fluid channel with respect to the axis of the measuring tube 8.
  • a high pressure pressure tapping hole 4 is provided on the side wall of the measuring tube 8 near the inlet end of the throttle assembly, and a low pressure pressure tapping hole 5 is provided near the outlet end of the throttle unit.
  • One end of the high pressure pressure pipe is connected to the high pressure pressure receiving hole 4, and the other end is connected to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter 6.
  • One end of the low pressure pressure pipe is connected to the low pressure pressure receiving hole 5, and the other end is connected to the differential pressure transmission.
  • the differential transmitter 6 is connected to the computer 7.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device is connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and when the fluid flows from the pipeline to be tested to the device, due to the blocking action of the throttling component, a higher pressure is generated at the inlet end of the throttling assembly,
  • the high pressure pressure tapping hole and the pressure guiding tube on the side wall of the measuring tube transmit the high pressure to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter; due to the blocking action of the throttle member, the fluid can only pass through the annular fluid passage, and the annular fluid passage is squeezed.
  • the pressure causes the fluid to be accelerated, and after flowing out of the annular fluid passage, a lower pressure is generated at the outlet end of the throttle assembly, and the low pressure is transmitted to the differential pressure transmission through the low pressure pressure tapping hole and the pressure guiding tube provided on the side wall of the measuring tube.
  • the low pressure port of the device; the differential pressure transmitter transmits the high voltage signal and the low voltage signal to the computer, and the computer calculates the corresponding flow according to formula (5) or (6).
  • ⁇ is the flow coefficient, which is determined by calibration of experimental data
  • d is the equivalent diameter of a standard annular fluid passage
  • ⁇ is the density of the measured medium
  • ⁇ P is the differential pressure
  • the two ends of the measuring tube 8 are respectively provided with connecting flanges, which can be connected to the pipeline to be tested through the connecting flange.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can perform rectification and flow measurement more conveniently and accurately.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can be connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and the installation of the throttling component in the pipeline to be tested is not required, and the coaxiality of each annular fluid passage is ensured, thereby improving the measurement precision.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing the flow rate in the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 8a and 8b respectively show the axial direction of the annular fluid passage of the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Cross-sectional and side cross-sectional views, Figures 9a and 9b show a partial perspective view and a partial perspective cross-sectional view, respectively, of a throttling assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows the flow velocity distribution in this case.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device according to the second embodiment is suitable for flow measurement in this case.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the axial lengths of the central throttle member and the plurality of peripheral throttle members are sequentially changed along the radially outward direction of the central throttle member.
  • the length of each annular fluid passage can be made to correspond substantially to the flow velocity therein, so that a better rectifying effect can be obtained.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the flow rate in the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the third embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 11a and 11b respectively show the axial direction of the annular fluid passage of the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Cross-sectional and side cross-sectional views, Figures 12a and 12b show a partial perspective view and a partial perspective cross-sectional view, respectively, of a throttling assembly in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a device such as an elbow or a tee is installed in front of the rectifying and flow measuring device
  • the flow velocity will change gradually on the cross section of the pipe to be tested, and the velocity near the inner corner of the elbow is faster, close to the outer corner of the elbow.
  • the positional flow rate is slowed, and Fig. 10 schematically shows the flow velocity distribution in this case.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device according to the third embodiment is suitable for flow measurement in this case.
  • the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that one axial end face of the central throttle member and the plurality of peripheral throttle members are aligned with each other and perpendicular to the axial direction of the central throttle member, and One axial end face lies in the same plane, and the angle between the other axial end face and the axial direction of the central throttle member is less than 90°.
  • the angle of the angle is determined according to the flow velocity distribution in the elbow, so that the arrangement form of the inlet end of the formed annular fluid passage corresponds to the flow velocity distribution, so that a better rectification effect can be obtained.
  • the axial length of the annular fluid passage changes continuously along the circumferential direction of the throttle assembly, as shown in Fig. 11a.
  • formula (1) the average of the maximum axial length and the minimum axial length is taken as the axial length of the annular fluid passage, and as shown in Fig. 11a, the axial length of each annular fluid passage is determined according to the following formula:
  • l 1 (l 11 + l 11 ') / 2
  • l 2 (l 21 + l 21 ') / 2
  • l 3 (l 31 + l 31 ')/2.
  • FIG. 13a and 13b show a perspective view and a partial perspective view, respectively, of a throttle assembly in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the edges of the axial end faces of the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are rounded to allow fluid to flow more smoothly through the annular fluid passage.
  • the fourth embodiment 14a and 14b are respectively a perspective view and a partial perspective view of a throttle assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fifth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the edges of the axial end faces of the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are chamfered to allow fluid to flow more smoothly through the annular fluid passage.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sixth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the cross section of the measuring tube is in a chevron shape in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the central throttle member, and correspondingly, the cross section of the central throttle member of the throttle assembly is Rectangular, the cross section of the peripheral throttle is a back shape.
  • S i is the area of the cross section of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • l i is the axial length of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • v i is the flow rate in the i-th annular fluid passage
  • z i is half the length of the diagonal of the central rectangle of the i-th annular fluid channel.
  • the central rectangle of the annular fluid passage is a rectangle located at an intermediate position between the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the annular fluid passage, and the sides of the central rectangle are equal to the distance between the outer circumference and the inner circumference.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the seventh embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in that the center throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are rounded so that the annular fluid passage has a rounded cross-shaped cross section.
  • the value of z i can be appropriately corrected, for example, the value of z i is determined as shown in FIG. 16 to improve the calculation accuracy.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the eighth embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in that the center throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are chamfered so that the cross section of the annular fluid passage is a chamfered back shape.
  • the value of z i can be appropriately corrected, for example, the value of z i is determined as shown in FIG. 17 to improve the calculation accuracy.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttle assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 19 and 20 respectively show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the throttle assembly includes a central throttle member 2 and a plurality of peripheral throttle members 3, and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the central throttle member 2, And coaxial with the central throttle 2, an annular fluid passage 1 is formed between the central throttle 2 and its adjacent peripheral throttle 3, and between adjacent peripheral throttles 3, respectively.
  • the annular fluid passage 1 in turn comprises an inlet constriction section and an equal cross section.
  • the annular fluid passage 1 includes an inlet constriction section and an equal cross section that communicate with each other.
  • the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage is along the axial direction of the central throttle member (ie, the throttle assembly is installed in the pipeline to be tested) The subsequent fluid flow direction) is gradually reduced, and in the equal cross-section, the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage is kept constant.
  • the pressure is maximized in front of the inlet converging section and the pressure in the equal cross section is minimized, creating a pressure drop that produces a differential pressure signal that can be used for flow measurement.
  • a high-pressure pressure-receiving hole is arranged on the side wall of the pipe to be tested near the inlet end of the throttle assembly, and a low-pressure pressure-receiving hole is arranged near the outlet end of the throttle assembly, and the pressure is taken through the high-pressure pressure-receiving hole and the low-pressure pressure-receiving hole.
  • a pressure sensor or a differential pressure sensor to measure the pressure difference, and then calculate the flow through the pipe to be tested. Since the rectifying effect of the throttling component is good, a stable and high signal-to-noise ratio differential pressure signal can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the flow measurement.
  • the central throttle member 2 is cylindrical, including the first and second segments connected, and along the axial direction of the central throttle member 2, the diameter of the first segment of the central throttle member 2 graduallyshrinking, the second section of the central throttle 2 is a cylinder of equal diameter;
  • the peripheral throttle 3 is funnel-shaped, including the first and second sections connected, along the axial direction of the peripheral throttle 3, the periphery The diameter of the first section of the throttle member 3 is gradually reduced, and the second section of the peripheral throttle member 3 is a cylinder of equal diameter.
  • annular protrusion 10 is provided on the inner wall of the pipeline to be tested in advance, so that an inlet is also formed between the pipeline to be tested and its adjacent peripheral throttle member.
  • the axial section of the annular projection 10 may be a curved trapezoid.
  • the central throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 have the same axial length and the axial end faces are aligned with each other to facilitate the formation of the inlet constricted section and the equal cross-sectional section.
  • Each of the annular fluid passages 1 is provided with a support connecting member 9 for supporting the central throttle member 2 and the peripheral support member 3 in a fixed manner.
  • the annular fluid passage (including the annular fluid passage between the central throttle member and its adjacent peripheral throttle member, the annular fluid passage between the adjacent peripheral throttle members, and the adjacent conduit to be tested are adjacent thereto)
  • the area of the cross section of the annular fluid passage between the peripheral throttle members satisfies the following formula (3), wherein the cross section is perpendicular to the axial direction of the center throttle:
  • S i is the area of the cross section of the equal cross section of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • l i is the axial length of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • v i is the flow rate of the equal cross-section section in the i-th annular fluid passage
  • r i is the radius of the center circle of the equal cross-sectional section of the i-th annular fluid channel.
  • the flow velocity in each annular fluid passage 1 can be determined according to actual working conditions. For example, when applied to a long straight pipe and the inner wall of the pipe is relatively smooth, the flow velocity in each annular fluid passage 1 is substantially equal; when applied to long straight When the pipe has a large inner wall roughness, the flow velocity in the annular fluid passage 1 near the center of the measuring pipe is large.
  • the diameter of the central throttle member 2, the diameter and thickness of the center circle of each peripheral throttle member 3, and the components can be adjusted under the constraint of the formula (3).
  • the distance between the center throttle 2 and the peripheral throttle 3 is optimized for optimum rectification and maximum measurement accuracy.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device includes the measuring tube 8 and a throttle unit provided in the measuring tube 8.
  • the central throttle 2, the plurality of peripheral throttles 3 and the measuring tube 8 are arranged coaxially.
  • the measuring tube 8 is cylindrical and has an annular projection 10 on its inner wall, so that an annular fluid passage including an inlet constricted section and an equal cross-sectional section is formed between the measuring tube 8 and its adjacent peripheral throttle 3 .
  • the annular fluid passage 1a is closest to the side wall of the measuring tube 8, and the annular fluid passage 1b is closest to the axis of the measuring tube 8.
  • a high pressure pressure tapping hole 4 is provided on the side wall of the measuring tube near the inlet end of the throttle assembly, and a low pressure pressure tapping hole 5 is provided near the outlet end of the throttle assembly.
  • One end of the high pressure pressure pipe is connected to the high pressure pressure receiving hole 4, and the other end is connected to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter 6.
  • One end of the low pressure pressure pipe is connected to the low pressure pressure receiving hole 5, and the other end is connected to the differential pressure transmission.
  • the differential transmitter 6 is connected to the computer 7.
  • the two ends of the measuring tube 8 are respectively provided with connecting flanges, which can be connected to the pipeline to be tested through the connecting flange.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device is connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and when the fluid flows from the pipeline to be tested to the device, due to the blocking action of the throttling component, a higher pressure is generated at the inlet end of the throttling assembly,
  • the high pressure pressure tapping hole and the pressure guiding tube on the side wall of the measuring tube transmit the high pressure to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter; due to the blocking action of the throttle member, the fluid can only pass through the annular fluid passage, in the equal cross section
  • the pressure is reduced to a minimum, and the low pressure is transmitted to the low pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter through the low pressure pressure tapping hole and the pressure guiding tube disposed on the side wall of the measuring tube; the differential pressure transmitter transmits the high voltage signal and the low voltage signal to the computer.
  • the corresponding flow rate is calculated by the computer according to formula (5) or (6).
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can perform rectification and flow measurement more conveniently and accurately.
  • the rectification and flow measuring device can be connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and the installation of the throttling component in the pipeline to be tested is not required, and the coaxiality of each annular fluid passage is ensured, thereby improving the measurement precision.
  • Figure 21 shows a perspective view of a throttle assembly according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 22 shows a cross-sectional view of a throttle assembly according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 23 shows a throttling according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tenth embodiment differs from the ninth embodiment in that the shape of the measuring tube, the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are different, and in order to ensure a smooth flow of the fluid, the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are respectively rounded.
  • the treatment is such that the cross section of the annular fluid passage is rounded back.
  • the central throttle member has a cylindrical shape
  • the peripheral throttle member has a cylindrical shape.
  • the cross section of the central throttle member is a rounded rectangle.
  • the cross section of the peripheral throttle member is a rounded back shape, and in the axial direction of the central throttle member, the central throttle member includes a first inlet constricted portion and a first equal-sized segment that are connected, and the peripheral throttle member includes a connection.
  • the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage formed by the measuring tube, the peripheral throttle member, and the central throttle member satisfies the formula (4) wherein the cross section is perpendicular to the axial direction of the measuring tube:
  • S i is the area of the cross section of the equal cross section of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • l i is the axial length of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • v i is the flow rate of the equal cross-section section in the i-th annular fluid passage
  • z i is half the diagonal length of the central rectangle of the equal cross-sectional section of the i-th annular fluid channel.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttling assembly and a rectifying and flow measuring device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view showing a throttling assembly according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 26 is a view showing the present invention.
  • the throttle assembly includes a center throttle member 2 and a plurality of peripheral throttle members 3.
  • the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the central throttle member 2, and the central throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are coaxially disposed, and between the central throttle member and the adjacent peripheral throttle member
  • An annular fluid passage 1 is formed between adjacent peripheral throttle members.
  • the annular fluid passage 1 in turn comprises an inlet constriction section, an equal cross section and an outlet expansion section.
  • the central throttle 2 is hourglass shaped and has a cylindrical middle portion of equal diameter.
  • the peripheral throttle member 3 has a cylindrical shape, and the central portion is reduced in diameter to form a cylindrical center portion of equal diameter, and the side wall of the peripheral throttle member 3 has a certain thickness.
  • Each of the annular fluid passages 1 is provided with a support connecting member 9 for supporting the central throttle member 2 and the peripheral support member 3 in a fixed manner.
  • a plurality of circular through holes 11 are provided in the cylindrical middle portion of each of the peripheral throttle members 3, and these circular through holes 11 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the peripheral throttle member 3.
  • the through holes 11 can communicate with adjacent annular fluid passages such that the pressures within each annular fluid passage 1 are substantially equal.
  • the average pressure in each annular fluid passage can be obtained by a low pressure pressure tapping hole disposed on the side wall adjacent to the equal cross section of the annular fluid passage, which is advantageous for obtaining a stable pressure signal.
  • the through hole 11 is preferably provided on the axial center plane of the cylindrical middle portion of the peripheral throttle member.
  • the axial lengths of the center throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are equal, and the axial end faces of the center throttle member 2 and the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are aligned with each other.
  • the area of the cross section of the annular fluid passage satisfies equation (3), wherein the cross section is perpendicular to the axial direction of the central throttle:
  • S i is the area of the cross section of the equal cross section of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • l i is the axial length of the i-th annular fluid passage
  • v i is the flow rate of the equal cross-section section in the i-th annular fluid passage
  • r i is the radius of the center circle of the equal cross-sectional section of the i-th annular fluid channel.
  • the throttling component can be disposed in the pipeline to be tested.
  • the pipeline to be tested can be cylindrical or square tubular, and the central throttle, the plurality of peripheral throttles, and the pipeline to be tested Coaxially disposed, an annular fluid passage including an inlet constriction section, an equal cross section and an outlet expansion section is also formed between the pipeline to be tested and its adjacent peripheral throttle, and is adjacent to the throttling component on the side wall of the pipeline to be tested.
  • the inlet end is provided with a high pressure pressure tapping hole
  • the equal cross section of the annular fluid passage is provided with a low pressure pressure tapping hole.
  • the annular fluid passage sequentially includes an inlet constriction section, an equal cross section and an outlet expansion section.
  • the inlet constriction section the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage is along the axial direction of the central throttle member (ie, the throttle assembly is mounted to the pipeline to be tested) The fluid flow direction after the inside is gradually reduced.
  • the equal cross section the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage is kept constant.
  • the outlet expansion section the cross-sectional area of the annular fluid passage is along the axial direction of the central throttle. The direction gradually increases.
  • the pressure is maximized in front of the inlet converging section, the pressure in the equal cross section is minimized, the pressure in the outlet expansion section is restored, and a pressure drop can be created to produce a differential pressure that can be used for flow measurement. signal.
  • a high-pressure pressure-receiving hole 4 is arranged on the side wall of the pipe to be tested near the inlet end of the throttle assembly, and a low-pressure pressure-receiving hole 5 is arranged on the side wall on the equal cross-section of the annular fluid passage (low pressure pressure-reducing hole is preferred)
  • the ground is disposed at the axial center plane of the equal cross-section section, and the pressure is measured by the high pressure pressure tapping hole 4 and the low pressure pressure tapping hole 5, and the pressure difference is measured by the pressure sensor or the differential pressure sensor, and then the pipeline passing through the pipeline to be tested can be calculated. Traffic. Since the rectifying effect of the throttling component is good, a stable and high signal-to-noise ratio differential pressure signal can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the flow measurement.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device includes the measuring tube 8 and a throttling assembly provided in the measuring tube 8.
  • the measuring tube 8 is cylindrical, and the inner wall thereof is provided with an annular protrusion 10, and the annular protrusion 10 has a trapezoidal axial section.
  • the central throttle member 2, the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 and the measuring tube 8 are coaxially disposed, between the central throttle member and its adjacent peripheral throttle member, between adjacent peripheral throttle members, and the measuring tube
  • An annular fluid passage 1 is formed between adjacent peripheral throttle members, wherein the annular fluid passage 1a is closest to the side wall of the measuring tube 8, and the annular fluid passage 1b is closest to the axis of the measuring tube 8.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device is connected in series with the pipeline to be tested, and when the fluid flows from the pipeline to be tested to the device, due to the blocking action of the throttling component, a higher pressure is generated at the inlet end of the throttling assembly,
  • the high pressure pressure tapping hole 4 and the pressure guiding tube on the side wall of the measuring tube transmit the high pressure to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter; due to the blocking action of the throttle member, the fluid can only pass through the annular fluid passage, in the equal cross section
  • the section pressure is reduced to a minimum, and the low pressure is transmitted to the low pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter 6 through the low pressure pressure tapping hole 5 and the pressure guiding tube provided on the side wall of the measuring tube;
  • the differential pressure transmitter transmits the high voltage signal and the low pressure signal To the computer 7, the corresponding flow rate is calculated by the computer 7 according to equation (5) or (6).
  • FIG 27 is a perspective view showing a throttle assembly according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a throttle assembly according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the twelfth embodiment differs from the eleventh embodiment in that a plurality of elliptical through holes 11 are provided in the cylindrical middle portion of each of the peripheral throttle members 3, and these elliptical through holes 11 are throttled along the periphery The circumferential direction of the piece 3 is evenly distributed.
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a rectifying and flow measuring device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 30 and 31 respectively show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a throttling assembly according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rectifying and flow measuring device includes a measuring tube 8 and a throttling assembly provided in the measuring tube 8.
  • the throttle assembly comprises a central throttle 2 and a plurality of peripheral throttles 3.
  • the central throttle 2 is of a spindle shape having a cylindrical central portion of equal diameter.
  • the peripheral throttle member 3 has a cylindrical shape, the axial section of the side wall is a spindle shape, and the peripheral throttle member 3 has a cylindrical central portion of equal diameter, and the side wall of the peripheral throttle member 3 has a certain thickness.
  • the measuring tube 8 is cylindrical.
  • the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 are sequentially sleeved on the outside of the central throttle member 2, and the central throttle member 2, the plurality of peripheral throttle members 3 and the measuring tube 8 are coaxially disposed, and the central throttle member and its adjacent peripheral portion are disposed coaxially.
  • An annular fluid passage 1 is formed between the flow members, between adjacent peripheral throttle members, and between the measuring tube and its adjacent peripheral throttle member, wherein the annular fluid passage 1a is closest to the side wall of the measuring tube 8, and the annular shape
  • the fluid passage 1b is closest to the axis of the measuring tube 8.
  • the annular fluid passage 1 in turn comprises an inlet constriction section, an equal cross section and an outlet expansion section.
  • the inlet constricted section is formed by the head of the spindle-shaped central throttle and the head of the peripheral throttle having a spindle-shaped axial section, the cross-section of which is defined by the central throttle
  • An equal diameter cylindrical middle portion and an equal diameter cylindrical middle portion of the peripheral throttle member are formed, and the outlet expansion portion is formed by the tail portion of the center throttle member and the tail portion of the peripheral throttle member.
  • Each of the annular fluid passages 1 is provided with a support connecting member 9 for supporting the central throttle member 2 and the peripheral support member 3 in a fixed manner.
  • a plurality of circular through holes are provided in the cylindrical middle portion of each of the peripheral throttle members 3, and these circular through holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the peripheral throttle member 3.
  • a high pressure tapping hole 4 is provided on the side wall of the measuring tube 8 near the inlet end of the throttle assembly, and a low pressure tapping hole 5 is provided at an intermediate position of the equal cross section of the annular fluid passage on the side wall of the measuring tube 8.
  • One end of the high pressure pressure pipe is connected to the high pressure pressure receiving hole 4, and the other end is connected to the high pressure port of the differential pressure transmitter 6.
  • One end of the low pressure pressure pipe is connected to the low pressure pressure receiving hole 5, and the other end is connected to the differential pressure transmission.
  • the differential transmitter 6 is connected to the computer 7.
  • the fourteenth embodiment differs from the thirteenth embodiment in that a plurality of elliptical through holes are provided in the cylindrical middle portion of each of the peripheral throttle members 3, and these elliptical through holes are formed along the circumference of the peripheral throttle member 3. Uniform distribution.
  • Fig. 34 and 35 are respectively a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a throttling assembly according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 36 shows an isometric cross section of the annular fluid passage of the rectifying and flow measuring device according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. A section view of the segment.
  • the fifteenth embodiment differs from the eleventh embodiment in that the shape of the measuring tube, the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are different, and in order to ensure a smooth flow of the fluid, the central throttle member and the peripheral throttle member are respectively inverted.
  • the fillet is processed such that the cross section of the annular fluid passage is rounded back.
  • the central throttle member has a cylindrical shape
  • the peripheral throttle member has a cylindrical shape.
  • the cross section of the central throttle member is a rounded rectangle.
  • the cross section of the peripheral throttle member is a rounded back shape, and in the axial direction of the central throttle member, the central throttle member sequentially includes a first inlet contraction section, a first equal size section and a first outlet expansion section, and the peripheral throttle section The piece in turn includes a second inlet constriction section, a second equal size section, and a second outlet expansion section.
  • the area of the cross section of the annular fluid passage formed by the measuring tube, the peripheral throttle member, and the central throttle member satisfies the above formula (4).
  • the value of z i can be determined as shown in FIG. 36 to improve the calculation accuracy.

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Abstract

一种节流组件和包括节流组件的整流和流量测量装置。节流组件包括中心节流件（2）和多个外围节流件（3），多个外围节流件（3）依次套设于中心节流件（2）的外部，且与中心节流件（2）同轴，中心节流件（2）与其相邻的外围节流件（3）之间、相邻的外围节流件（3）之间分别形成环形流体通道（1、1a、1b）。节流组件在稳定流态的同时产生灵敏清晰的差压信号，能够提高流量测量的准确性和可靠性。

Description

节流组件、整流及流量测量装置 技术领域
本发明涉及流量测量领域，具体涉及一种节流组件和包括该节流组件的整流及流量测量装置。
背景技术
如果在充满流体的管道中置入一个流通面积小于管道横截面积的节流件，管道内的流体束在通过该节流件时就会产生局部的收缩或流动分离，在收缩或分离处，静压力会降低，因此在节流件前后会产生一定的压力差(又称差压)。这种压力差与流量之间存在一定的函数关系，因此可以通过测量置入管道内的节流件前、后的压力差测量流量。
现有置入管道中的利用总压与静压之间的压力差实现流量测量的流量传感器以孔板(见图1)、标准喷嘴、文丘里管、各种均速管最为典型。其中，孔板、标准喷嘴、文丘里管等是通过流体流经测量件时发生的收缩来造成压力差；均速管主要以通过流体流经测量件时发生的分离来造成压力差。为了克服流体传输管道中上下游各种泵、阀、弯头、旁通等装置所造成的漩涡、脉动等不利因素的影响，在使用过程中这些流量传感器都需要比较长的前后直管段，以保证在测量流量时管道中的流动是充分发展的标准管流。前后直管段的要求极大地限制了各种流量传感器的应用场合，为此工程技术人员利用各种整流装置来尽快地使管道内的流动发展到标准状态。
现有整流装置通常由一束或几束细长的通道构成，如果控制这些通道的数量，就会在通道前后造成流动收缩或分离，从而能产生差压用于流量测量；同时减小通道的密度，并按照一定的规律来设置这些通道，有利于降低通道后部流动分离之间的互相影响。基于这种思路，工程技术人员以孔板等标准流量传感器为基础研发出了如图2a和图2b所示的具有多孔通道的节流装置，用于整流及流量测量。
美国专利US5341848、US5529093都公布了一种具有多个圆形通道的、具有一定厚度的板状整流装置(即多孔孔板)。并且按照一定规律对圆形通道的大小、数量、所处位置进行适当安排，以期提高流动稳定性、使流动尽快充分发展。美国专利US7051765和中国专利CN200710162844.6进一步公布了一种平衡孔板，其同样是具有多个按一定规律安置的通孔的、具有一定厚度的板状装置。这种平衡孔板上通孔的大小、数量、位置按照使各通孔中雷诺数相等的要求进行设置，以期平衡流态、使流动尽快充分发展，提高计量精度。中国专利CN201110344567.7、CN201120087553.7、CN201220273926.4等也都公布了类似结构的多孔孔板，用于流量计量。中国专利CN201220323927.5公布了一种文丘里型多孔孔板，每个通孔都具有中间细两边逐渐变粗的形状，即文丘里型。当流体流过此孔板时，由于文丘里形接近于流线形，减少了紊流，从而减少了前后直管段要求，同样由于减少了紊流，使压力信号更稳定，从而提高了测量精度。中国专利CN201410241286.2公布了一种多孔喷嘴，采用一组或多组中心对称分布的标准喷嘴来达到同样的目的。
这些现有技术虽然促进了差压式流量测量装置的发展，但是均无法在稳定流态的同时产生灵敏清晰的差压信号，仍有极大的改进空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种节流组件和包括该节流组件的整流和流量测量装置，以在稳定流态的同时产生灵敏清晰的差压信号，提高流量测量的准确性和可靠性。
本发明一方面提供一种节流组件，包括中心节流件和多个外围节流件，所述多个外围节流件依次套设于所述中心节流件的外部，且与所述中心节流件同轴，所述中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道。
本发明另一方面提供一种整流及流量测量装置，包括：
测量管；
所述的节流组件，所述节流组件设于所述测量管内。
本发明的有益效果在于：
节流组件具有环形流体通道，由于环形流体通道的挤压作用，流体进入环形流体通道后流速加快、压力降低，流速分布很容易被整理成为比较标准的形态。管流的速度分布本来就是分层的状态，该节流组件进一步利用同轴的环形流体通道将管流按不同的层次进行调整，就能更快地(即更短距离地)将流动状态标准化。
由于节流组件能够使待测管道内的流体流动快速稳定，形成有规律的流速分布，从而不必安装现有流量测量装置测量时所需要的前后直管段，降低了对现场条件的要求。环形流体通道在对管内流体状态进行整流的同时，能够形成压降从而产生可用于流量测量的稳定、高信噪比的差压信号，从而提高了流量测量的精度和可靠性。
整流及流量测量装置能够更方便、准确地进行整流和流量测量。使用时，将整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接即可，无需进行节流组件在待测管道内的安装，且有利于保证各环形流体通道的同轴性，从而提高测量精度。
附图说明
通过结合附图对本发明示例性实施例进行更详细的描述，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优势将变得更加明显，其中，在本发明示例性实施例中，相同的附图标记通常代表相同部件。
图1显示现有的孔板流量计的安装示意图；
图2a和图2b分别显示现有的具有多孔通道的节流装置的示意图；
图3显示根据本发明的第一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图4显示根据本发明的第一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的侧视图；
图5a和图5b分别显示根据本发明的第一实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图；
图6a和图6b分别显示根据本发明的第一实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图；
图7显示根据本发明的第二实施例的整流及流量测量装置内的流速示意图；
图8a和图8b分别显示根据本发明的第二实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图；
图9a和图9b分别显示根据本发明的第二实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图；
图10显示根据本发明的第三实施例的整流及流量测量装置内的流速示意图；
图11a和图11b分别显示根据本发明的第三实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图；
图12a和图12b分别显示根据本发明的第三实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图；
图13a和图13b分别显示根据本发明的第四实施例的节流组件的立体图和局部立体图；
图14a和图14b分别显示根据本发明的第五实施例的节流组件的立体图和局部立体图；
图15显示根据本发明的第六实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图16显示根据本发明的第七实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图17显示根据本发明的第八实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图18显示根据本发明的第九实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图19和图20分别显示根据本发明的第九实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图21和图22分别显示根据本发明的第十实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图23显示根据本发明的第十实施例的节整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的剖视图；
图24显示根据本发明的第十一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图25和图26分别显示根据本发明的第十一实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图27和图28分别显示根据本发明的第十二实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图29显示根据本发明的第十三实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图；
图30和图31分别显示根据本发明的第十三实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图32和图33分别显示根据本发明的第十四实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图34和图35分别显示根据本发明的第十五实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图；
图36显示根据本发明的第十六实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的等横截面段的剖视图。
附图标记说明：
101-孔板，102-测量嘴，103-钢管；
1-环形流体通道，1a-环形流体通道，1b-环形流体通道，2-中心节流件，3-外围节流件，4-高压取压孔，5-低压取压孔，6-差压变送器，7-计算机，8-测量管，9-支撑件，10-环形凸起，11-通孔。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明。虽然附图中显示了本发明的优选实施例，然而应该理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了使本 发明更加透彻和完整，并且能够将本发明的范围完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。
根据本发明实施例的节流组件包括中心节流件和多个外围节流件，多个外围节流件依次套设于中心节流件的外部，且与中心节流件同轴，中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道。
使用时，节流组件可设置于待测管道内，且中心节流件、多个外围节流件和待测管道同轴设置，待测管道与其相邻的外围节流件之间也形成环形流体通道，在待测管道的侧壁上设有高压取压孔和低压取压孔。
对待测管道进行流量测量时，理想状态是管道内的流动状态为充分发展的管流。为此在实际工业过程控制或贸易结算中，对各种流量计安装时前后应设置的直管段有严格要求，以保证管流充分发展从而保证测量的准确度和可靠性。然而在实践中，受到现场条件的限制，常常无法保证直管段的设置，所以各种整流装置应运而生。此外，在设计流量计时，也期待其具备较好的整流能力，以提高流量测量准确度和可靠性。
根据本发明实施例的节流组件安装于待测管道中时，同轴设置的待测管道、中心节流件和外围节流件形成多个同轴的环形流体通道。由于环形流体通道的挤压作用，流体进入环形流体通道后流速加快、压力降低，流速分布很容易被整理成为比较标准的形态。管流的速度分布本来就是分层的状态，进一步利用同轴的环形流体通道将管流按不同的层次进行调整，就能更快地(即更短距离地)将流动状态标准化。
由于节流组件能够使待测管道内的流体流动快速稳定，形成有规律的流速分布，从而不必安装现有流量测量装置测量时所需要的前后直管段，降低了对现场条件的要求。环形流体通道在对管内流体状态进行整流的同时，能够形成压降从而产生可用于流量测量的差压信号。测量时，通过设于待测管道侧壁上的高压取压孔和低压取压孔取压，并利用压力传感器或差压传感器测量压力差，进而可以计算通过待测管道的流量。由于这种节流组件的整流效果好，因此能够获得稳定、高信噪比的差压信号，从而提高了流量测量的精度和可靠性。
本发明另一方面提供一种整流及流量测量装置，包括：
测量管；
所述的节流组件，所述节流组件设于所述测量管内。
该整流及流量测量装置能够更方便、准确地进行整流和流量测量。使用时，将整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接即可，无需进行节流组件在待测管道内的安装，且有利于保证各环形流体通道的同轴性，从而提高测量精度。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，示例图会不依一般比例作局部放大，而且所述示意图只是示例，其在此不应限制本发明的保护范围。此外，在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间大小。
实施例1
图3显示根据本发明的第一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图，图4显示根据 本发明的第一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的侧视图，图5a和图5b分别显示根据本发明的第一实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图，图6a和图6b分别显示根据本发明的第一实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图。
如以上附图所示，根据本发明第一实施例的节流组件包括中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3。多个外围节流件3依次套设于中心节流件2的外部，且与中心节流件2同轴，中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间、相邻的外围节流件3之间分别形成环形流体通道1。
其中，中心节流件2为圆柱形，其包括环形侧壁和与环形侧壁连接的两个圆形端面。外围节流件3为圆筒形，外围节流件3的侧壁具有一定厚度。中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道1的横截面为圆环形，相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道的横截面也为圆环形。
在本实施例中，中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向长度相等，且中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向端面相互对齐。当节流组件应用于长直管道且管道内壁较为光滑时，各个环形流体通道内的流速基本相等，为了简化节流组件的设计、制造和安装，使中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向长度相等，且轴向端面相互对齐，即可达到较好的整流效果。
在本实施例中，环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足以下公式(1)，其中横截面垂直于中心节流件的轴向：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000001
其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
S i为第i个环形流体通道的横截面的面积；
l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
v i为第i个环形流体通道内的流速；
r i为第i个环形流体通道的中心圆半径。
通过计算流体力学(CFD)的数值仿真和实验流体力学(EFD)的实验测定，当环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足上述公式(1)时，节流组件具有最佳整流效果，相应的流量测量精度最高。
当节流组件设置于待测管道内时，所有环形流体通道(包括中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道、相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道以及待测管道与其相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道)的横截面的面积均满足公式(1)。
实际使用时，可以根据实际工况确定各个环形流体通道1内的流速，例如，当应用于长直管道且管道内壁较为光滑时，各个环形流体通道1内的流速基本相等；当应用于长直管道但管道内壁粗糙度较大时，靠近测量管中心的环形流体通道1内的流速较大。
根据实际工况确定各个环形流体通道1内的流速关系后，可以在公式(1)的约束下，调整中心节流件2的直径、各个外围节流件3的中心圆直径和厚度、各部件之间的距离、中心节流件2和外围节流件3的长度，以达到最佳的整流效果，获得最高的测量精度。
例如，当节流组件应用于长直管道且管道内壁较为光滑时，为了简化节流组件的设计、制造和 安装，在这种情况下，设置中心节流件和多个外围节流件的轴向长度相等，即l 1＝l  2＝…＝l i＝…＝l  N，在这种情况下，公式(1)简化为以下公式(1-2)，即环形流体通道的横截面的面积应与其中心圆半径成正比：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000002
另一方面，根据本实施例的整流及流量测量装置包括测量管8和设于测量管8内的节流组件。测量管8为圆筒形，与中心节流件2、多个外围节流件3同轴设置，测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3之间也形成环形流体通道1，其中环形流体通道1a最靠近测量管8的侧壁，环形流体通道1b最靠近测量管8的轴线。
所有环形流体通道(包括中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道、相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道以及测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道)的横截面的面积均满足公式(1)。
每个环形流体通道内均设有支撑连接件9，支撑连接件9可以是支撑杆或支撑片。支撑连接件9可以对中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3、相邻的外围节流件3之间、以及测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3进行支撑和连接，保持这些部件之间的相对位置固定。优选地，支撑连接件9相对于测量管8的轴线均匀分布于环形流体通道内。
在测量管8的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔4，靠近节流组件的出口端设有低压取压孔5。高压引压管的一端连接至高压取压孔4，另一端连接至差压变送器6的高压端口，低压引压管的一端连接至低压取压孔5，另一端连接至差压变送器6的低压端口。差异变送器6与计算机7连接。
使用时，整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接，流体从待测管道流至该装置时，由于节流组件的阻挡作用，在节流组件的入口端产生较高的压力，通过设于测量管侧壁上的高压取压孔及引压管将高压传递至差压变送器的高压端口；由于节流件的阻挡作用，流体只能从环形流体通道中通过，环形流体通道的挤压作用使得流体被加速，流出环形流体通道后，在节流组件的出口端产生较低压力，通过设于测量管侧壁上的低压取压孔及引压管将低压传递至差压变送器的低压端口；差压变送器将高压信号和低压信号传递给计算机，由计算机根据公式(5)或(6)计算相应的流量。
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000004
其中：
q v为体积流量；
q m为质量流量；
α为流量系数，由实验数据校准确定；
ε为可压缩因子，当流体为不可压缩状态时，ε＝1，当流体为可压缩状态时，通过校准实验数据获得ε的值；
d为标准环形流体通道的等效直径，
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000005
ρ为被测介质密度；
ΔP为差压。
在本实施例中，测量管8的两端分别设有连接法兰，可以通过连接法兰与待测管道进行连接。
该整流及流量测量装置能够更方便、准确地进行整流和流量测量。使用时，将整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接即可，无需进行节流组件在待测管道内的安装，且有利于保证各环形流体通道的同轴性，从而提高测量精度。
实施例2
图7显示根据本发明的第二实施例的整流及流量测量装置内的流速示意图，图8a和图8b分别显示根据本发明的第二实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图，图9a和图9b分别显示根据本发明的第二实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图。
当整流及流量测量装置应用于长直管道且管道内壁粗糙度较大时，靠近测量管中心轴线的环形流体通道内的流速较大，靠近测量管的侧壁的环形流体通道内的流速较小，图7示意性地显示了这种情况下的流速分布。根据第二实施例的整流及流量测量装置适用于这种情况下的流量测量。
如以上附图所示，第二实施例与第一实施例的区别在于沿着中心节流件的径向向外的方向，中心节流件和多个外围节流件的轴向长度依次变小，且中心节流件和多个外围节流件的轴向中心面O-O相互重合，从而在节流组件的入口端和出口端，中心节流件和各外围节流件呈阶梯状错开设置。通过这种方式，能使得每个环形流体通道的长度与其中的流速大致对应，从而能够获得较好的整流效果。
在这种情况下，当r 1<r 2<…<r i<…<r N时，l 1>l 2>…>l i>…>l N；其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；r i为第i个环形流体通道的中心圆半径。在这种情况下，公式(1)中环形流体通道的轴向长度l i以其内侧部件的轴向长度来确定，如图8a所示。
实施例3
图10显示根据本发明的第三实施例的整流及流量测量装置内的流速示意图，图11a和图11b分别显示根据本发明的第三实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的轴向剖视图和侧向剖视图，图12a和图12b分别显示根据本发明的第三实施例的节流组件的局部立体图和局部立体剖视图。
当整流及流量测量装置前安装有弯头、三通等装置时，在待测管道的横截面上，流速会发生梯度变化，靠近弯头内部转角的位置流速较快，靠近弯头外部转角的位置流速减慢，图10示意性地显示了这种情况下的流速分布。根据第三实施例的整流及流量测量装置适用于这种情况下的流量测量。
如以上附图所示，第三实施例与第一实施例的区别在于中心节流件和多个外围节流件的一个轴向端面彼此对齐，且与中心节流件的轴向垂直，另一个轴向端面位于同一平面内，且另一个轴向端 面与中心节流件的轴向之间的夹角小于90°。在实际应用时，根据弯头内的流速分布确定夹角的大小，使得所形成的环形流体通道的入口端的排列形式与流速分布相对应，从而可以获得较好的整流效果。
在这种情况下，沿着节流组件的周向方向，环形流体通道的轴向长度不断变化，如图11a所示。在应用公式(1)时，以最大轴向长度和最小轴向长度的平均值作为该环形流体通道的轴向长度，如图11a所示，根据以下公式确定各环形流体通道的轴线长度：
l 1＝(l 11+l 11′)/2，l 2＝(l 21+l 21′)/2，l 3＝(l 31+l 31′)/2。
实施例4
图13a和图13b分别显示根据本发明的第四实施例的节流组件的立体图和局部立体图。第四实施例与第一实施例的区别在于中心节流件和外围节流件的轴向端面的边缘设有圆角，以使流体更加顺滑地流经环形流体通道。
实施例5
图14a和图14b分别显示根据本发明的第五实施例的节流组件的立体图和局部立体图。第五实施例与第一实施例的区别在于中心节流件和外围节流件的轴向端面的边缘设有倒角，以使流体更加顺滑地流经环形流体通道。
实施例6
图15显示根据本发明的第六实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图。第六实施例与第一实施例的区别在于沿着与中心节流件的轴向垂直的方向，测量管的横截面为回字形，相应地，节流组件的中心节流件的横截面为矩形，外围节流件的横截面为回字形。且测量管、外围节流件、中心节流件所形成的环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足以下公式(2)，其中所述横截面垂直于所述中心节流件的轴向，在这种情况下，在应用公式(2)时，按照图15所示确定z i的取值：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000006
其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
S i为第i个环形流体通道的横截面的面积；
l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
v i为第i个环形流体通道内的流速；
z i为第i个环形流体通道的中心矩形的对角线长度的一半。
环形流体通道的中心矩形即位于环形流体通道外周和内周的中间位置的矩形，中心矩形的边与外周和内周的距离相等。
实施例7
图16显示根据本发明的第七实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图。第七实施例与第六实施例的区别在于对中心节流件和外周节流件进行倒圆角处理，从而环形流体通道的横截面为圆角回字形。在这种情况下，在应用公式(2)时，可以适当修正z i的取值，例如按照图16所示确定z i的取值， 以提高计算精度。
实施例8
图17显示根据本发明的第八实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图。第八实施例与第六实施例的区别在于对中心节流件和外周节流件进行倒角处理，从而环形流体通道的横截面为具有倒角的回字形。在这种情况下，在应用公式(2)时，可以适当修正z i的取值，例如按照图17所示确定z i的取值，以提高计算精度。
实施例9
图18显示根据本发明的第九实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图，图19和图20分别显示根据本发明的第九实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图。
如图18-20所示，根据本实施例的节流组件包括中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3，多个外围节流件3依次套设于中心节流件2的外部，且与中心节流件2同轴，中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间、相邻的外围节流件3之间分别形成环形流体通道1。沿中心节流件2的轴向方向，环形流体通道1依次包括入口收缩段和等横截面段。
环形流体通道1包括相互连通的入口收缩段和等横截面段，在入口收缩段，环形流体通道的横截面积沿着中心节流件的轴向方向(即节流组件安装于待测管道内之后的流体流动方向)逐渐减小，在等横截面段，环形流体通道的横截面积保持恒定不变。当流体流经节流件时，在入口收缩段前方压力达到最大，在等横截面段压力降至最低，能够形成压降从而产生可用于流量测量的差压信号。测量时，在待测管道的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设置高压取压孔，靠近节流组件的出口端设置低压取压孔，通过高压取压孔和低压取压孔进行取压，并利用压力传感器或差压传感器测量压力差，进而可以计算通过待测管道的流量。由于这种节流组件的整流效果好，因此能够获得稳定、高信噪比的差压信号，从而提高了流量测量的精度和可靠性。
如图18所示，中心节流件2为柱形，包括相连接的第一段和第二段，沿中心节流件2的轴向方向，中心节流件2的第一段的直径逐渐缩小，中心节流件2的第二段为等直径的圆柱；外围节流件3为漏斗形，包括相连接的第一段和第二段，沿外围节流件3的轴向方向，外围节流件3的第一段的直径逐渐缩小，外围节流件3的第二段为等直径的圆筒。通过具有上述形状的中心节流件和外围节流件，能够形成包括入口收缩段和等横截面段的环形流体通道。在这种情况下，当节流组件设置于待测管道内时，预先在待测管道的内壁上设置环形凸起10，从而待测管道与其相邻的外围节流件之间也形成包括入口收缩段和等横截面段的环形流体通道。该环形凸起10的轴向截面可为曲边梯形。
在本实施例中，中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向长度相等，且轴向端面相互对齐，以利于形成入口收缩段和等横截面段。
每个环形流体通道1内均设有支撑连接件9，支撑连接件9对中心节流件2和外围支撑件3起到固定支撑作用。
在本实施例中，环形流体通道(包括中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道、相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道以及待测管道与其相邻的外围节流件之间的环形流体通道)的横截面的面积满足以下公式(3)，其中横截面垂直于中心节流件的轴向：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000007
其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
S i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的横截面的面积；
l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
v i为第i个环形流体通道内的等横截面段的流速；
r i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的中心圆半径。
通过计算流体力学(CFD)的数值仿真和实验流体力学(EFD)的实验测定，当环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足上述公式(3)时，节流组件具有最佳整流效果，相应的流量测量精度最高。
实际使用时，可以根据实际工况确定各个环形流体通道1内的流速，例如，当应用于长直管道且管道内壁较为光滑时，各个环形流体通道1内的流速基本相等；当应用于长直管道但管道内壁粗糙度较大时，靠近测量管中心的环形流体通道1内的流速较大。
根据实际工况确定各个环形流体通道1内的流速关系后，可以在公式(3)的约束下，调整中心节流件2的直径、各个外围节流件3的中心圆直径和厚度、各部件之间的距离、中心节流件2和外围节流件3的长度，以达到最佳的整流效果，获得最高的测量精度。
另一方面，根据本实施例的整流及流量测量装置包括测量管8和设于测量管8内的节流组件。中心节流件2、多个外围节流件3和测量管8同轴设置。测量管8为圆筒形，其内壁上设有环形凸起10，从而测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3之间形成包括入口收缩段和等横截面段的环形流体通道。其中环形流体通道1a最靠近测量管8的侧壁，环形流体通道1b最靠近测量管8的轴线。在测量管的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔4，靠近节流组件的出口端设有低压取压孔5。高压引压管的一端连接至高压取压孔4，另一端连接至差压变送器6的高压端口，低压引压管的一端连接至低压取压孔5，另一端连接至差压变送器6的低压端口。差异变送器6与计算机7连接。
在本实施例中，测量管8的两端分别设有连接法兰，可以通过连接法兰与待测管道进行连接。
类似地，整流及流量测量装置内的所有环形流体通道(包括中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道、相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道以及测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道)的横截面的面积也满足公式(3)。
使用时，整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接，流体从待测管道流至该装置时，由于节流组件的阻挡作用，在节流组件的入口端产生较高的压力，通过设于测量管侧壁上的高压取压孔及引压管将高压传递至差压变送器的高压端口；由于节流件的阻挡作用，流体只能从环形流体通道中通过，在等横截面段压力降至最低，通过设于测量管侧壁上的低压取压孔及引压管将低压传递至差压变送器的低压端口；差压变送器将高压信号和低压信号传递给计算机，由计算机根据公式(5)或(6)计算相应的流量。
该整流及流量测量装置能够更方便、准确地进行整流和流量测量。使用时，将整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接即可，无需进行节流组件在待测管道内的安装，且有利于保证各环形流体通道 的同轴性，从而提高测量精度。
实施例10
图21显示根据本发明的第十实施例的节流组件的立体图，图22显示根据本发明的第十实施例的节流组件的剖视图，图23显示根据本发明的第十实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的剖视图。
第十实施例与第九实施例的区别在于测量管、中心节流件和外围节流件的形状不同，而且为了保证流体顺滑流动，中心节流件和外围节流件分别进行倒圆角处理，从而环形流体通道的横截面为圆角回字形。
在本实施例中，中心节流件为柱形，外围节流件为筒形，在垂直于中心节流件的轴向的每一个截面上，中心节流件的横截面为圆角矩形，外围节流件的横截面为圆角回字形，沿中心节流件的轴向方向，中心节流件包括相连接的第一入口收缩段和第一等尺寸段，外围节流件包括相连接的第二入口收缩段和第二等尺寸段。在本实施例中，测量管、外围节流件、中心节流件所形成的环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足公式(4)其中横截面垂直于测量管的轴向：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000008
其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
S i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的横截面的面积；
l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
v i为第i个环形流体通道内的等横截面段的流速；
z i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的中心矩形的对角线长度的一半。
此外，在应用公式(4)时，可以对z i的取值进行调整，按照图23所示确定z i的取值，以提高计算准确性。
实施例11
图24显示根据本发明的第十一实施例的节流组件和整流及流量测量装置的剖视图，图25显示根据本发明的第十一实施例的节流组件的立体图，图26显示根据本发明的第十一实施例的节流组件的剖视图。
如以上附图所示，根据本发明第十一实施例的节流组件包括中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3。多个外围节流件3依次套设于中心节流件2的外部，中心节流件2、多个外围节流件3同轴设置，中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道1。沿中心节流件2的轴向方向，环形流体通道1依次包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段。
中心节流件2为沙漏形，且具有等直径的圆柱形中部。外围节流件3为圆筒形，且中部直径缩小形成等直径的圆筒形中部，外围节流件3的侧壁具有一定厚度。每个环形流体通道1内均设有支撑连接件9，支撑连接件9对中心节流件2和外围支撑件3起到固定支撑作用。在每个外围节流件3的圆筒形中部设有多个圆形的通孔11(见图26)，这些圆形的通孔11沿着外围节流件3的周向均 匀分布。通孔11可以连通相邻的环形流体通道，使各环形流体通道1内的压力基本相等。在这种情况下，通过设置于侧壁上靠近环形流体通道的等横截面段的低压取压孔可以取得各环形流体通道内的平均压力，有利于获得稳定的压力信号。通孔11优选地设于外围节流件的圆筒形中部的轴向中心面上。
在本实施例中，中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向长度相等，且中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3的轴向端面相互对齐。环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足公式(3)，其中横截面垂直于中心节流件的轴向：
Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-000009
其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
S i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的横截面的面积；
l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
v i为第i个环形流体通道内的等横截面段的流速；
r i为第i个环形流体通道的等横截面段的中心圆半径。
使用时，节流组件可设置于待测管道内，根据节流组件的形状，待测管道可以为圆筒形或方筒形，且中心节流件、多个外围节流件和待测管道同轴设置，待测管道与其相邻的外围节流件之间也形成包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段的环形流体通道，在待测管道的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔，靠近环形流体通道的等横截面段设有低压取压孔。
环形流体通道依次包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段，在入口收缩段，环形流体通道的横截面积沿着中心节流件的轴向方向(即节流组件安装于待测管道内之后的流体流动方向)逐渐减小，在等横截面段，环形流体通道的横截面积保持恒定不变，在出口扩张段，环形流体通道的横截面积沿着中心节流件的轴向方向逐渐增大。当流体流经节流组件时，在入口收缩段前方压力达到最大，在等横截面段压力降至最低，在出口扩张段压力有所恢复，能够形成压降从而产生可用于流量测量的差压信号。测量时，在待测管道的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设置高压取压孔4，在侧壁上靠近环形流体通道的等横截面段设置低压取压孔5(低压取压孔优选地设置于等横截面段的轴向中心面处)，通过高压取压孔4和低压取压孔5进行取压，并利用压力传感器或差压传感器测量压力差，进而可以计算通过待测管道的流量。由于这种节流组件的整流效果好，因此能够获得稳定、高信噪比的差压信号，从而提高了流量测量的精度和可靠性。
另一方面，在本实施例中，整流及流量测量装置包括测量管8和设于测量管8内的节流组件。其中，测量管8为圆筒形，其内壁设有环形凸起10，环形凸起10的轴向截面为梯形。中心节流件2、多个外围节流件3和测量管8同轴设置，中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间、以及测量管与其相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道1，其中环形流体通道1a最靠近测量管8的侧壁，环形流体通道1b最靠近测量管8的轴线。
整流及流量测量装置内的所有环形流体通道(包括中心节流件2与其相邻的外围节流件3之间 的环形流体通道、相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道以及测量管8与其相邻的外围节流件3之间的环形流体通道)的横截面的面积满足公式(3)。
使用时，整流及流量测量装置与待测管道串接，流体从待测管道流至该装置时，由于节流组件的阻挡作用，在节流组件的入口端产生较高的压力，通过设于测量管侧壁上的高压取压孔4及引压管将高压传递至差压变送器的高压端口；由于节流件的阻挡作用，流体只能从环形流体通道中通过，在等横截面段压力降至最低，通过设于测量管侧壁上的低压取压孔5及引压管将低压传递至差压变送器6的低压端口；差压变送器将高压信号和低压信号传递给计算机7，由计算机7根据公式(5)或(6)计算相应的流量。
实施例12
图27显示根据本发明的第十二实施例的节流组件的立体图，图28显示根据本发明的第十二实施例的节流组件的剖视图。第十二实施例与第十一实施例的区别在于在每个外围节流件3的圆筒形中部设有多个椭圆形的通孔11，这些椭圆形的通孔11沿着外围节流件3的周向均匀分布。
实施例13
图29显示根据本发明的第十三实施例的整流及流量测量装置的剖视图，图30和31分别显示根据本发明的第十三实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图。
如以上附图所示，根据本发明第十三实施例的整流及流量测量装置包括测量管8和设于测量管8内的节流组件。其中，节流组件包括中心节流件2和多个外围节流件3。中心节流件2为纺锤形，其具有等直径的圆柱形中部。外围节流件3为圆筒形，其侧壁的轴向截面为纺锤形，且外围节流件3具有等直径的圆筒形中部，外围节流件3的侧壁具有一定厚度。测量管8为圆筒形。多个外围节流件3依次套设于中心节流件2的外部，中心节流件2、多个外围节流件3和测量管8同轴设置，中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间、以及测量管与其相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道1，其中环形流体通道1a最靠近测量管8的侧壁，环形流体通道1b最靠近测量管8的轴线。沿中心节流件2的轴向方向，环形流体通道1依次包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段。以环形流体通道1a为例，其入口收缩段由纺锤形的中心节流件的头部和具有纺锤形轴向截面的外围节流件的头部形成，等横截面段由中心节流件的等直径的圆柱形中部和外围节流件的等直径的圆筒形中部形成，出口扩张段由中心节流件的尾部和外围节流件的尾部形成。每个环形流体通道1内均设有支撑连接件9，支撑连接件9对中心节流件2和外围支撑件3起到固定支撑作用。
在每个外围节流件3的圆筒形中部设有多个圆形通孔(见图30和31)，这些圆形通孔沿着外围节流件3的周向均匀分布。
在测量管8的侧壁上靠近节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔4，在测量管8的侧壁上环形流体通道的等横截面段的中间位置设有低压取压孔5。高压引压管的一端连接至高压取压孔4，另一端连接至差压变送器6的高压端口，低压引压管的一端连接至低压取压孔5，另一端连接至差压变送器6的低压端口。差异变送器6与计算机7连接。
根据第十三实施例整流及流量测量装置的使用方法和原理与第十一实施例相同，在此不再赘述。
实施例14
图32和33分别显示根据本发明的第十四实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图。第十四实施例与第十三实施例的区别在于在每个外围节流件3的圆筒形中部设有多个椭圆形通孔，这些椭圆形通孔沿着外围节流件3的周向均匀分布。
实施例15
图34和35分别显示根据本发明的第十五实施例的节流组件的立体图和剖视图，图36显示根据本发明的第十五实施例的整流及流量测量装置的环形流体通道的等横截面段的剖视图。
第十五实施例与第十一实施例的区别在于测量管、中心节流件和外围节流件的形状不同，而且为了保证流体顺滑流动，中心节流件和外周节流件分别进行倒圆角处理，从而环形流体通道的横截面为圆角回字形。
在本实施例中，中心节流件为柱形，外围节流件为筒形，在垂直于中心节流件的轴向的每一个截面上，中心节流件的横截面为圆角矩形，外围节流件的横截面为圆角回字形，沿中心节流件的轴向方向，中心节流件依次包括第一入口收缩段、第一等尺寸段和第一出口扩张段，外围节流件依次包括第二入口收缩段、第二等尺寸段和第二出口扩张段。在本实施例中，测量管、外围节流件、中心节流件所形成的环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足以上公式(4)。在这种情况下，在应用公式(4)时，可以按照图36所示确定z i的取值，以提高计算准确性。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种节流组件，其特征在于，包括中心节流件和多个外围节流件，所述多个外围节流件依次套设于所述中心节流件的外部，且与所述中心节流件同轴，所述中心节流件与其相邻的外围节流件之间、相邻的外围节流件之间分别形成环形流体通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为圆柱形，所述外围节流件为圆筒形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足以下公式(1)，其中所述横截面垂直于所述中心节流件的轴向：
    Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-100001
    其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
    S i为第i个环形流体通道的横截面的面积；
    l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
    v i为第i个环形流体通道内的流速；
    r i为第i个环形流体通道的中心圆半径。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，沿着与所述中心节流件的轴向垂直的方向，所述中心节流件的横截面为矩形，所述外围节流件的横截面为回字形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述环形流体通道的横截面的面积满足以下公式(2)，其中所述横截面垂直于所述中心节流件的轴向：
    Figure PCTCN2019071962-appb-100002
    其中，i＝1,…N，N为环形流体通道的数量；
    S i为第i个环形流体通道的横截面的面积；
    l i为第i个环形流体通道的轴向长度；
    v i为第i个环形流体通道内的流速；
    z i为第i个环形流体通道的中心矩形的对角线长度的一半。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件和所述多个外围节流件的轴 向长度相等，且轴向端面相互对齐。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，自内向外，所述中心节流件和多个外围节流件的轴向长度依次变小，且所述中心节流件和所述多个外围节流件的轴向中心面相互重合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，所述中心节流件和所述多个外围节流件的一个轴向端面彼此对齐，且与所述中心节流件的轴向垂直，另一个轴向端面位于同一平面内，且所述另一个轴向端面与所述中心节流件的轴向之间的夹角小于90°。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，沿所述中心节流件的轴向方向，所述环形流体通道包括相互连通的入口收缩段和等横截面段。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为柱形，包括相连接的第一段和第二段，沿所述中心节流件的轴向方向，所述中心节流件的第一段的直径逐渐缩小，所述中心节流件的第二段为等直径的圆柱；所述外围节流件为漏斗形，包括相连接的第一段和第二段，沿所述外围节流件的轴向方向，所述外围节流件的第一段的直径逐渐缩小，所述外围节流件的第二段为等直径的圆筒。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为柱形，所述外围节流件为筒形，在垂直于所述中心节流件的轴向的每一个截面上，所述中心节流件的横截面为矩形，所述外围节流件的横截面为回字形，沿所述中心节流件的轴向方向，所述中心节流件包括相连接的第一入口收缩段和第一等尺寸段，所述外围节流件包括相连接的第二入口收缩段和第二等尺寸段。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的节流组件，其特征在于，沿所述中心节流件的轴向方向，所述环形流体通道依次包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为沙漏形，且具有等直径的圆柱形中部，所述外围节流件为圆筒形，且中部直径缩小形成等直径的圆筒形中部，所述中心节流件的圆柱形中部与所述外围节流件的圆筒形中部的轴向长度相等。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为纺锤形，且具有等直径的圆柱形中部，所述外围节流件为圆筒形，其侧壁的轴向截面为纺锤形，且所述外围节流件具有等直径的圆筒形中部，所述中心节流件的圆柱形中部与所述外围节流件的圆筒形中部的轴向长度相等。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的节流组件，其特征在于，在所述外围节流件的圆筒形中部设 有至少一个通孔。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的节流组件，其特征在于，所述中心节流件为柱形，所述外围节流件为筒形，在垂直于所述中心节流件的轴向的每一个截面上，所述中心节流件的横截面为矩形，所述外围节流件的横截面为回字形，沿所述中心节流件的轴向方向，所述中心节流件依次包括第一入口收缩段、第一等尺寸段和第一出口扩张段，所述外围节流件依次包括第二入口收缩段、第二等尺寸段和第二出口扩张段。
  17. 一种整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，包括：
    测量管；
    根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的节流组件，所述节流组件设于所述测量管内。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，所述中心节流件、所述多个外围节流件和所述测量管同轴设置，所述测量管与其相邻的外围节流件之间形成环形流体通道，在所述测量管的侧壁上靠近所述节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔，靠近所述节流组件的出口端设有低压取压孔。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，所述中心节流件、所述多个外围节流件和所述测量管同轴设置，所述测量管的内壁上设有环形凸起，从而所述测量管与其相邻的外围节流件之间形成包括入口收缩段和等横截面段的环形流体通道，在所述测量管的侧壁上靠近所述节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔，靠近所述节流组件的出口端设有低压取压孔。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，所述中心节流件、所述多个外围节流件和所述测量管同轴设置，所述测量管的内壁上设有环形凸起，从而所述测量管与其相邻的外围节流件之间形成包括入口收缩段、等横截面段和出口扩张段的环形流体通道，在所述测量管的侧壁上靠近所述节流组件的入口端设有高压取压孔，靠近所述环形流体通道的等横截面段设有低压取压孔。
  21. 根据权利要求18-20中任一项所述的整流及流量测量装置，其特征在于，还包括高压引压管、低压引压管和差压变送器，所述高压引压管的一端连接至所述高压取压孔，另一端连接至所述差压变送器的高压端口，所述低压引压管的一端连接至所述低压取压孔，另一端连接至所述差压变送器的低压端口。
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