WO2019154463A1 - Élément de disjoncteur doté d'un circuit principal et un circuit de courant auxiliaire - Google Patents

Élément de disjoncteur doté d'un circuit principal et un circuit de courant auxiliaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019154463A1
WO2019154463A1 PCT/DE2019/100124 DE2019100124W WO2019154463A1 WO 2019154463 A1 WO2019154463 A1 WO 2019154463A1 DE 2019100124 W DE2019100124 W DE 2019100124W WO 2019154463 A1 WO2019154463 A1 WO 2019154463A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
current path
separation
switch
sabot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2019/100124
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Lell
Original Assignee
Peter Lell
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102018103018.5A external-priority patent/DE102018103018B4/de
Priority claimed from DE202018100728.9U external-priority patent/DE202018100728U1/de
Application filed by Peter Lell filed Critical Peter Lell
Publication of WO2019154463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019154463A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical interrupting switching element, in particular for interrupting high DC currents at high voltages, having the features of patent claim 1.
  • Such switching elements can be found, for example, in power plant and automotive engineering, as well as in general mechanical and electrical engineering in cabinets of machinery and equipment, and in the context of electromobility in electric and hybrid vehicles, but also in electrically powered helicopters and aircraft to the defined and rapid disconnection of electric power circuits in emergency use.
  • a switching element that its triggering and interruption function must be guaranteed even without maintenance after up to 20 years reliably.
  • a switching element must not pose any additional danger potential due to hot gas, particles, throwing pieces or emerging plasma.
  • Another requirement for such switching elements is to ensure the insulation resistance after the separation.
  • a possible application in motor vehicle technology is the defined irreversible disconnect the board wiring of the car battery or drive battery shortly after an accident or generally after another gregat example, by a defective Ag or a defective electric motor caused shorting in the on-board cabling to avoid sources of ignition by sparks and plasma, which occur when, for example, cable insulation has been scoured by metal panels penetrating during the accident or if loose cable ends are pressed against one another or pressed against sheet metal parts. If gasoline runs out in an accident at the same time, such ignition sources can ignite flammable gasoline-air mixtures that collect under the bonnet, for example.
  • Source voltage would break sharply, which can lead after just a few seconds to ignite the battery or its explosion. Also to
  • the interruption switch presented here is very well suited, because it can be formed controlled or remote controlled.
  • the invention has the object, an interruption switching element, in particular for interrupting high
  • the interruption switching element according to the invention can be transferred from a control position to a disconnected position. If the interruption switching element according to the invention is integrated in a circuit, then the circuit in the control position is closed. In the disconnected position, the circuit is interrupted.
  • Breaker switch has a housing, a reaction chamber disposed within the housing and a main flow path through the
  • Open circuit-defining contact unit on.
  • the housing engages around the contact unit, i. the contact unit is surrounded by the housing.
  • Contact unit has a first and a second terminal contact and a separation area.
  • the separation area is in the control position of
  • Breaker switch one, preferably very low-resistance, electrical connection between the first terminal contact and the second
  • Extinguishing agent is filled, arranged.
  • the separation region is formed so that when the interruption switching member is transferred from the Leit ein in the disconnected position, the main current path between the first terminal contact and the second
  • Connection contact is interrupted so that two separated ends of the
  • the interruption switching element according to the invention is characterized in that the interruption switching element has a bypass current path parallel to the main current path, which is capable of an overvoltage in the transition from the Leit ein to the disconnected position
  • the interrupt circuit according to the invention the external circuit, in which the interruption switch is integrated, interrupted.
  • the inductance stored in the external circuit leads to the interruption of the external at the moment
  • an arc generally occurs at at least one point of the interrupting switching element, preferably initially between the two separate ends of the separating region.
  • the arc can evaporate the extinguishing agent, tear the molecules and react with the resulting electrically conductive substances. In this way, arise from the usually built up from carbon molecules or mixed with carbonaceous materials extinguishing agent conductive substances that are undesirable because they do not lead to permanent assurance of insulation resistance. If no energy were consumed elsewhere, all the energy from the arc could flow into the conversion of extinguishing agent to undesirable conductive substances.
  • Liquids z.Z. would cost about 60,000 euros, with a production time of about 6 months. These high costs and long production time exclude these materials at least for now. for a series application for electric arc damping in emergency shutters off. Even today, it is still completely unknown what disadvantages would occur with the use of these substances.
  • bypass current path can also be a separation distance t 2 , in which an arc can be formed.
  • this arc also converts extinguishing agents to conductive materials, the inventor of the present application has
  • Interrupting switch is present so that even after extinction or starvation of the arc at the operating voltage no arc is formed. Furthermore, by the presence of extinguishing agent after the decay of the arc or arcs permanently the insulation resistance is better ensured.
  • the operating voltage is to be understood as meaning a voltage of more than 100 V or more, preferably 450 V or more, but today preferably a maximum of 5000 V.
  • overvoltage is meant according to the invention a voltage increase of up to 4 times the operating voltage.
  • reaction chamber is understood in the present application to mean the chamber in which the connecting element is separated, ie the chamber within which an arc can be formed between two separate parts of the separating region.
  • the size of the separation path in the main current path ie the distance between the separate parts of the separation region is in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element according to the invention preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm.
  • the size of the separation path t 2 in the bypass current path is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm. The latter also applies to possible further separation distances within the
  • the separation distance t 2 is usually over at least one spark gap in
  • Spark gap is in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably about 1 mm.
  • the resistance of the contact unit from the first to the second terminal contact in the main current path is in the range of 30 to 60 mW.
  • the shunt resistance, including the arc resistance preferably smaller after separation than the resistance of the separated main current path, and is preferably in a range of 1x to 0.01x of the resistance of the separated main current path.
  • the extinguishing agent can be a solid, powdery or a liquid medium.
  • the extinguishing agent is a vaporizable medium.
  • the extinguishing agent is a liquid medium which upon reaching the boiling or
  • Evaporating temperature completely or partially passes into a gaseous state.
  • the extinguishing agent also be electrically insulating
  • the extinguishing agent is an oil, for example, silicone oil, or a silane or polysiloxane, for example hexasilane or pentasilane with as little or even better without carbon atom content.
  • the contact unit comprises the first and the second connection contact as well as the separation region which, when the interruption switching element according to the invention is switched, disconnects the main current path via the contact unit.
  • the separating region can be configured in any form, as described, for example, in DE 10 2014 107 853 A1, DE 10 2014 110 825 A1, DE 20 2015 100 525 U1, DE 10 2015 112 141 A1, DE 10 2015 114 279 A1, DE 10 2015 114 894 A1, DE 10 2016 124 176 A1 and DE 10 2017 123 021 A1 is described.
  • the separation region may be formed, for example, as a fixed switching web, for example, as a simple rod or as
  • cylindrical or hollow prismatic pipe is formed, which is torn and thereby separated into at least two parts. But the rod or tube can also be moved only, so that a separation of the two
  • connection contacts results.
  • the separation area can also be designed so that a bolt is in communication with two guide contacts, and when the bolt is moved, it is separated from one or two of the guide contacts.
  • the separation area can also be a wire or a band. The separation area is connected to the two connection contacts.
  • the door area can be directly connected to the connection contacts or via further conductive contacts
  • Interrupt switch i. Interrupting the current path, the separation area is separated in such a way that thereby the electrical connection between the two terminals is interrupted.
  • the separation of the separation area can be done in any conceivable manner, for example, a piston can push it on, shoot up a plunger, the conductor an externally generated and acting on him or torn by the conductor itself generated gas pressure or exhaust gas pressure or can be thermally melted easily.
  • the separation region can be activated by active triggering, but also by passive triggering of the invention
  • the passive triggering can, for example, by melting the material forming the separation area, for example, when reaching a certain threshold current, done. Also, the passive release by the action of pyrotechnic ignition and Igniter substances, as well as only by thermal action decomposing substances, such as. Tetracene be supported. In this case, devices can also be attached to one or both separated parts of the separation area, which further remove these two ends from each other, for example by an existing tensile load, which can act after separation of the separation area. By way of example, here is one
  • Tensile stress can be called by a prestressed spring.
  • Actively triggering the interruption switching element means any kind of mechanical or pyrotechnic energy which can separate the separation region.
  • the separation area can be separated by an acting tensile or compressive movement.
  • a pyrotechni cal material such as a lighter (EED) or a Minidetonator, ver used, which is either in the reaction chamber, or outside the reaction chamber is mounted so that it by pulling or pushing movement or a shock wave on can affect the separation area and causes its separation.
  • Release of gases can be used here to initiate or assist in a separation process.
  • These substances can also be used for extinguishing and isolating provided that they do not contain any halogens or carbon atoms in their molecular structure.
  • tetracene largely disintegrates directly into nitrogen N 2 and thus can be used directly into the reaction chamber to aid in the separation and subsequent electrical isolation of the separate connector.
  • the shunt current path is closed or interrupted in the conducting position. Is the shunt current path in the control position
  • the shunt current path is closed in the conducting position, it is preferred that a part of the material forming the shunt current path be at Voltage increase beyond the operating voltage beyond evaporable material. The transition from the control position to the disconnected position occurs
  • Separation distance t 2 is formed in the bypass current path, which also to a
  • Circular inductance stored energy at the moment of separation also be reduced faster at this arc and also in addition to the resistance in the bypass current path.
  • Breaker switch preferred that in the disconnected position of
  • Shunt paths with a separation distance t 2 is provided, which is bridged when the overvoltage occurs by an arc. This ensures that a shunt current flows across the shunt current path, allowing shunt resistance to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
  • the separation distance t 2 is also located within an extinguishing agent. This ensures that even with waste of the increased voltage during or after the switching of the invention
  • Interrupting switching element (transition from the control position to the disconnected position) is applied to the operating voltage of the arc is effectively deleted.
  • the extinguishing agent in which the separation distance t 2 is located is the same extinguishing agent in which the separation distance is located. Furthermore, it is preferred that the separation sections and t 2 are arranged in the separation position within the same volume. This volume is filled with the extinguishing agent. In the control position of the interruption switching element according to the invention, the separation sections and t 2 may be present in different volumes or chambers, but it is
  • Breaker switch advantageous when passing through the transition position in the separation position the different volumes are combined into one volume. This can be accomplished by the separation area of the contact unit being designed such that it separates the different volumes in the guide position, but by separating the separation area from the different ones
  • Volumes becomes a volume.
  • the separation distance t 2 is located between the inner wall of the housing and an electrically conductive material in the interior of the interruption switching element.
  • the electrically conductive material is preferably in the form of a coating on an insulating element of the interrupting switching element.
  • the insulating element may be made of plastic, for example. From a thermal or
  • the electrically conductive material may also be configured as a wire or a band.
  • the electrically conductive material is preferably connected at one end to the contact unit, preferably on the side of the first connection contact. Alternatively, however, may be provided between the electrically conductive material and the contact unit, a further separation distance t 3 , which in the transition from the
  • Control position is bridged into the disconnected position by means of an arc.
  • a protective layer is provided between the insulating member and the electrically conductive material, which protects the insulating member from the energy by the bypass current flow.
  • the protective layer is preferably a ceramic protective layer, for example of a silicon dioxide-containing layer oxide. This protective layer may be applied to the insulating member in which a liquid ceramic is sprayed or the insulating member is immersed in a liquid ceramic.
  • a liquid ceramic a liquid mixture of siloxanes and nanomaterials is referred to, as it is commercially available for example as "9H Auto Ceramic Coating".
  • the protective layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the coating with the electrically conductive material preferably is applied to the protective layer, is preferably aluminum, because aluminum is burned to electrically non-conductive alumina and thus does not deteriorate the subsequent insulation resistance. This can be realized, for example, by adhering an aluminum adhesive sheet to the insulating member or the protective layer of the insulating member.
  • the coating with the electrically conductive material preferably has a width (orthogonal to the direction of current flow) in the range of 1, 5 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, but may also be applied continuously on the surface of the insulating member extending from the contact unit extends towards the housing.
  • the thickness of the coating with the electrically conductive material is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the electrically conductive material is a material which at least partially vaporizes upon electrical connection of the two connection contacts through the bypass current path in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element, whereby the separation distance t 2 is formed. In this embodiment, it does not bother if the
  • the main current path is centered within the housing of the
  • the bypass current path preferably extends from the first terminal contact over a part of the contact unit, which is located on one side of the separation distance t 2 , and is from there to the housing of the
  • connection stands. The first connection contact must not be used directly with the Housing in electrical connection.
  • the part of the housing through which the shunt current flows is preferably formed of an electrically conductive material having a higher resistance than the electrically conductive material of the contact unit.
  • the electrically conductive material of the housing is preferably steel, stainless steel, tungsten alloys or titanium.
  • As the electrically conductive material of the contact unit is preferably copper, brass or aluminum used, all nickel-plated, silvered or gold plated in special cases.
  • the wall thickness of the casing material through which the bypass current flows is preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, and most preferably 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
  • the wall thickness hangs next to the wall
  • Housing material also from the outer diameter of the housing and from the currents at which is separated: the larger the outer diameter of the
  • the above-mentioned wall thicknesses preferably relate to a
  • the contact unit is in communication with a sabot that is configured to be movable by an applied pressure from an initial position to an end position, wherein in the end position of the sabot the separation area is disconnected and the separation distance is formed.
  • the sabot is made of a non-conductive material, that is, the above-mentioned insulating member is formed as a sabot. All features mentioned above i. V. m. The insulating element therefore applies to the sabot. This has the advantage that the sabot can be in connection with an electrically conductive housing without current flowing through the housing.
  • the sabot turns off insulating material which communicates with the contact unit and which extends in the vicinity of the housing or is also in communication therewith, preferably in such a way provided with a conductive coating, so that in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element according to the invention the first and the second
  • connection contact via the shunt current path are interconnected.
  • the electrically conductive coating preferably extends on the sabot from the contact unit to the inner wall of the housing. If, in the case of the disconnected position, this is referred to as a connection of the first and second connection contacts via the bypass current path, it is always meant that this electrical connection can only be achieved by bridging the separation section t 2 by an arc. Furthermore, it is preferred that the conductive coating is not applied directly to the material of the sabot, but that - as described above - protective layer is provided between the electrically conductive coating and the sabot.
  • a baffle may be provided on the inner wall of the housing, which is preferably in communication with the conductive coating of the sabot.
  • the baffle is preferably formed of copper.
  • an electrically non-conductive screen is provided on the inner wall of the housing.
  • the electrically nonconductive screen is preferably made of an insulating material, such as e.g. POM, PAI, PI or preferably a ceramic.
  • Ceramic surface does not make electrically conductive.
  • a collector is provided on the outside of the housing.
  • the collector preferably extends over the part of the housing which is part of the housing
  • the collector can be made of stainless steel, steel or copper.
  • the collector has the task of additional mechanical strengthening of the housing at high internal pressure in the case of switching the breaker switching element according to the invention. Furthermore, collects the collector over the housing flowing current and also relieves the housing material. He can speak as a kind of bypass for the there after the arc strike in the am
  • Inner diameter of the housing attached baffle be viewed over the housing flowing current.
  • the collector also covers the back of the
  • Interrupt switch from, i. it is a kind of privacy shield for any existing sealing rings or a sealant used there. Should the internal pressure of the interruption switching element become so high under extreme current load that between the housing and the part of the contact unit on the side of the second
  • Connection contact extinguishing agent escapes, so the collector can collect the extinguishing agent, and prevents the extinguishing agent splashed around in the area and here even finely divided can even ignite.
  • the separation distance t 2 is formed by moving the sabot from the starting position to the end position.
  • interruption switching elements according to the invention can be used in a circuit in which parallel to the invention
  • An interruption switching element ignition electronics and in a further current path a fuse is connected, wherein the further current path has a switch which can be opened or closed.
  • the switch is preferably open.
  • the ignition electronics are able to close the switch at a certain overcurrent and then to switch the breaker switch, i. from the control position to the disconnected position.
  • the fuse can be a conventional fuse.
  • the ignition electronics may for example be a comparator. More details are given below in connection with the description of FIG. 4. In such a circuit, instead of the breaker circuit according to the invention, any prior art breaker switch suitable for shutting off not so high currents at not so high voltages may be used.
  • interruption switching elements according to the invention can also be used in one
  • connection contact leads. Parallel to this, an ignition electronics is arranged outside of the interruption switching element. Furthermore, the circuit has a switch in the operating circuit. The switch can also be the operating switch of the
  • the ignition electronics can measure the current in the operating circuit and ignites the overcurrent active breaker, which then interrupts the transition from the Leit ein in the disconnected position the operating circuit (switching of the interruption switching element).
  • the interrupt switch takes a certain time to switch, i. until the time at which the arc extinguishes in the breaker switch. This time is called shutdown time.
  • the ignition electronics are preferably programmed so that the switch S is opened in a period of time from immediately after the turn-off time of the interruption switching element to 1-3 times the turn-off time after switching. This circuit has the advantage that a possibly after extreme overloading of the interruption switch very small insulation resistance from the opening of the switch S no heating of the interruption switch more occurs, the separation process is thus stabilized and fixed without the switch S disconnecting the circuit in case of overload current
  • interruption switching element can be arbitrarily combined according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an inventive
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an inventive
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an inventive
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of another invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the longitudinal or cross section of a sabot of a typical
  • Fig. 6 shows a circuit with an inventive
  • Breaker switch connected in parallel with a conventional fuse and a comparator, which can also be replaced by a controller.
  • Fig. 7 shows a circuit with an inventive
  • an interruption switching element 1 comprises a housing 2, in which a contact unit 3 is arranged.
  • the housing 2 is designed such that it withstands a pressure generated within the housing 2, which is generated, for example, during a pyrotechnic triggering of the interrupting switching element 1, without the risk of damage or even bursting.
  • the housing 2 may in particular be made of a suitable material, preferably steel.
  • the contact unit 3 is in the illustrated embodiment as a through the sabot 10 in
  • the contact unit 3 has a first connection contact 4.
  • the first connection contact 4 is adjoined by a radially outwardly extending flange 15, which adjoins an annular insulator element 22, which consists of an insulating material, for example a plastic supported, that the contact unit 3 can not be moved out of the housing 2 in the axial direction.
  • Insulator element 22 for this purpose preferably has an annular shoulder on which the flange 15 of the contact unit 3 is supported.
  • the insulator element 22 isolates the housing 2 from the terminal contact 4.
  • the contact unit 3 has a subsequent to the flange 15 in the axis of the contact unit 3
  • the wall thickness of the contact unit is in the compression region 19, which has a predetermined axial extent, so selected and matched to the material that at a release of the interruption switching element 1 as a result of plastic deformation of the contact unit 3 in the compression region 19 a
  • the compression area 19 is adjoined in the axial direction of the contact unit 3 by a flange 14, on which a sabot 10 is seated in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the sabot 10 is designed as an electrically insulating element, for example a suitable plastic, preferably of ceramic. This embraces the
  • Interrupting switching element 1 results in a compression of the swaged portion 19, wherein the sabot 10 from its initial position (status before the release of the
  • Breaker switch 1 Leit ein
  • the sabot 10 may be selected so that its outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the housing 2, so that an axial guidance of the flange 14 and thus an axially guided compression movement is achieved during the switching operation.
  • the noses of the insulator element 22 and of the sabot 10 lying close to the housing 2 fully engage one another, so that the one pushed together meander-shaped after the release and the upsetting process
  • Compression area 19 is fully enclosed by electrically insulating materials.
  • the sabot 10 is pushed in the assembly of the interruption switching member 1 from the side of the terminal 5 forth on the contact unit 3. This is shared (not drawn). If the second terminal contact 5 is not divided or this is in one piece the same
  • the sabot must be either molded or made of several parts in order to mount it.
  • a drive 16 preferably a pyrotechnic drive, may be provided, here often also called a mini-detonator or ignition plug.
  • the drive 16 is preferably in an inner
  • Reaction chamber 7b provided within the contact unit 3.
  • Reaction chamber 7a is located between the outer wall of a separation area 6 and the housing 2.
  • the separation region 6 is dimensioned so that it tears at least partially through the gas pressure generated or the generated shock wave of a drive, preferably completely ruptures, so that the pressure or the shock wave from the inner
  • Reaction chamber 7b in the preferably designed as a surrounding annular space outer reaction chamber 7a can spread.
  • the reaction chambers 7a and 7b are connected together in this way to a volume.
  • the internal pressure required for upsetting the contact tube can also be generated in such a way that at a certain nominal current intensity the separating region 6 melts and an arc forms therebetween, the extinguishing agent 9 evaporates.
  • the wall of the contact unit 3 in the separation region 6 can also have one or more apertures or bores and / or grooves. In this case, it must be ensured that the material of the separation area separates the operating current well, that is, it does not become too hot in consideration of heat dissipation so as not to cause the material to age too quickly or too strongly. To humiliate the
  • Soldering temperature of points of the separation area can also solder is applied there, which melts when heated the separation region and, for example, the applied copper alloyed so that its melting temperature of about 1700 ° C drops to only 160 ° C and so earlier can break the separation area , This
  • a device for igniting a pyrotechnic material may consist of a simple, quickly heatable filament which is coated with a primer or ignition mixture.
  • the activation of the drive can be done by a corresponding electrical control.
  • the drive can also be designed in any other way that causes activation of the pyrotechnic material, also in the form of a conventional igniter (EED), a primer, a squib or a Minidetonators.
  • a pressure or even a shockwave is generated on the side of the sabot 10 facing away from the swage region 19, as a result of which the sabot 10 is subjected to a corresponding axial force.
  • This force is determined by a suitable dimensioning of the pyrotechnic Material selected so that the contact unit 3 in the compression region 19 plastically deformed or pressed, but not torn and then the sabot 10 is moved in the direction of the first terminal contact 4.
  • the pyrotechnic material is dimensioned so that after breaking or pressing the separation area 6, the movement of the sabot 10, the two halves separation sufficiently far away from each other, in cooperation with the evaporation of the extinguishing agent 9 then even to an end position.
  • Separation region 6 at least partially torn or pushed, preferably completely torn. If the tearing or pressing in does not take place even before the start of the axial movement of the sabot 10 over the complete circumference of the separating region 6, then a remaining remainder of the separating region 6, which still causes an electrical contact, is completely torn open by the axial movement of the sabot 10, amplified by the then occurring very rapid heating of the here then only small residual cross section of the conductor by the flowing here high electric current.
  • the gas pressure generated by the burnup or the generated shock wave can be well controlled by introducing readily gasifiable liquids or solids (extinguishing agent 9) into the space in which the pyrotechnic material is contained or in which the generated hot gases enter.
  • readily gasifiable liquids or solids extentinguishing agent 9
  • water dissolved in the extinguishing agent 9 or in the form of microcapsules, gels, etc. increases the gas pressure considerably.
  • admixture of chemicals that react with heating is useful, e.g. the addition of red phosphorus,
  • ZPP Zirconium potassium perchlorate
  • polysiloxanes such as hexasilane or pentasilane.
  • an extinguishing agent 9 is located in the reaction chambers 7a and 7b, which is released during the detonation or deflagration of the Pyrotechnic material favors the shock wave propagation and also reduces the void so much that in this way less activatable material must be used and the walls of the separation region 6 can be kept sufficiently thick, so that the assembly even at high
  • the extinguishing agent 9 also serves to dampen or extinguish an arc between the separate ends of the separation region 6. After the separation of the separation region are the two
  • Reaction chambers 7a and 7b connected to each other.
  • a channel which extends below the sabot 10, in particular in the flange 14, preferably centrally in the axial direction and connects the inner reaction chamber 7 b with a compression chamber 18 below the compression region 19.
  • the stuffer box 18 and the channel connecting the stuffer box and the inner reaction chamber 7b are also filled with extinguishing agent 9.
  • the contact unit 3 is further formed in the illustrated embodiment as a continuous switching tube. The channel ensures that in the release of the interruption switching element 1 and the associated movement of the sabot 10 from the starting position to the end position, the increasing volume in the region of the inner
  • Reaction chamber 7b is also refilled with extinguishing agent 9.
  • extinguishing agent 9 By the movement of the sabot 10 from the starting position to the end position extinguishing agent 9 is compressed in the stuffer box 18 and injected through the channel in the direction of the region of the reaction chamber 7 and here directly to the separation region 6. In this way, an arc between the separate parts of the separation region 6 can be additionally attenuated or deleted.
  • the central channel can before the inner reaction chamber 7b or before the
  • Separation area 6 narrows nozzle-like manner, for a sufficiently good to pass extinguishing agent 9 from the compression area 19 in the combustion chamber 17, on the other hand attenuate the generated by the minidetator or drive 16 shock wave direction compression area 19 so that the compression area after the ignition of the Minidetonators or Drive 16 is not too heavily loaded or even damaged.
  • the interruption switching element 1 according to FIG. 1 is basically constructed in the same way as the interruption switching element of DE 10 2016 124 176 A1 shown in FIG.
  • the interruption switching element 1 according to FIG. 1 has a so-called field line control.
  • the field line control comprises a coating 8 of an electrically conductive material, which is applied to the sabot 10.
  • the material of the sabot 10 is protected by the fact that directly on the surface of the sabot a protective layer 11a is present, on which the coating 8 is applied.
  • a protective layer 11a is present, on which the coating 8 is applied.
  • part of the field line control is a baffle 12, which is electrically conductive.
  • the baffle 12 is preferably applied to the inner wall of the housing 2.
  • the baffle 12 may be made of copper, for example.
  • Upset area 19 and the area below the flange 14 and the sabot 10 can extend over the coating 8 on the sabot 10, from the coating on the guide plate 12 and from there to the housing 2, which is connected to the second terminal contact 5.
  • the baffle 12 is thus able to
  • the coating 8 is formed as a conductive layer on the sabot 10, which itself preferably consists of a non-conductive material.
  • the protective layer 11a for the sabot 10 is preferably formed as a ceramic layer.
  • the coating 8 connects the contact unit 3 to the housing 2 electrically in the conducting position of the interrupting switching element 1, ie the bypass current path is closed in the conducting position.
  • the coating here is a vaporizable material which is vaporized by the operating voltage as the voltage increases.
  • the interrupting switching member 1 may also have an electrically non-conductive screen 13 which shields the housing 2 inside.
  • the electrically non-conductive screen 13 is preferably arranged adjacent to the guide plate 12 on the inner wall of the housing 2. The electrically non-conductive screen 13 changes the electrical
  • This electrically non-conductive screen 13 may additionally be coated with a protective layer (not shown), which may also be a ceramic protective layer. In this way, the shield 13, which is generally formed as a plastic material, can be protected from the arc.
  • the electrically non-conductive screen 13 and the electrically conductive coating 8 can then be omitted if the dimensions of the assembly are so small that the arc even without these parts its way from the first
  • this is the case with an inner diameter of the housing of 26 mm.
  • Arc can also be supported by the fact that the baffle 12 is executed sharp-edged, so that here the field line density is particularly high and therefore particularly "tempting" for the arc.
  • a protective layer which is preferably a ceramic one
  • Protective layer is.
  • a protective layer 11b on the side opposite the sabot 10 of FIG. 1 is a protective layer 11b on the side opposite the sabot 10 of FIG. 1
  • Arc is available.
  • the part of the first connection contact facing the reaction chamber can also be coated so as not to provide good contact resistance for the current flow after disconnection in the direction of the second connection contact (not shown).
  • the interruption switching member 1 of FIG. 1 in the disconnected position can be formed in this way, a separation distance t 2 in the bypass current path, which can be bridged by an arc at elevated voltage, but the current flow at lowering of the Voltage on the operating voltage prevented.
  • the separation distance t 2 is here the distance between the coating 8 on the sabot 10 and the baffle 12 on the inner wall of the housing 2.
  • Reaction chamber 7a / 7b The formation of an arc in the separation sections and / or t 2 additionally causes by evaporation of the extinguishing agent
  • the separation distance is formed here by the sabot 10 is pushed in the direction of the first terminal 4, wherein the separation region 6 ruptures.
  • the separation distance is here the distance between the two separated ends of the separation area 6.
  • the baffle 12 but also together with the sabot 10 are moved with. In this way, the separation distance t 2 is formed after evaporation of the coating 8 between the contact tube 3 and the guide plate 12th
  • the breaker switch 1 of FIG. 3 is substantially identical to the breaker switch 1 of FIG. 1, but additionally has a collector 17 on the outside of the housing 2 of the breaker switch 1 on the side of the second
  • Terminal contact 5 preferably over the range of
  • the interrupt switch 1 of FIG. 4 is identical to the interrupt switch of FIG. 1 except for the following:
  • the coating 8 on the sabot 10 is designed so that two
  • Dividing lines t 2 and t 3 are formed.
  • the separation lines interrupt the
  • the separation distance t 2 is formed between the outer end of the coating 8 and the housing 2 by no coating 8 is present at this point on the sabot 10 with electrically conductive material.
  • the separation distance t 3 is formed between the contact tube-side end of the coating 8 and the contact tube 3 by no coating 8 is present at this point on the sabot 10 with electrically conductive material.
  • the separation sections t 2 and t 3 are bridged by arcs, so that the bypass current path is closed and electrical energy is converted by the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive housing 2 into thermal energy.
  • only one of the two tennas t 2 or t 3 may be present.
  • a protective layer under the coating may also be present here, but is not shown in FIG. 4. The protective layer can be omitted if the
  • Sealing mirror is made of ceramic.
  • the coating 8 and the electrically nonconductive shield 13 can be omitted for small geometries of the assembly or small inner diameter of the housing 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows a T reibapt 10 - as he in the
  • Breaking elements 1 of Fig. 1 to 4 is used - in cross section.
  • the coating 8 is provided only as two thin band-shaped coatings of the electrically conductive material on the sabot 10. It is according to the invention but also conceivable that the entire cross-sectional area of the sabot provided with the coating 8 or even a band-shaped coating is applied. However, the sabot can also have three, four or more band-shaped coatings as shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 5 (right) shows the sabot 10 in its side view, as well as in the interruption switching elements 1 of Figs. 1 to 4 see is.
  • the coating 8 can also be dispensed with, the arc will "seek" the guide plate 12 directly above the surface of the sabot.
  • Fig. 6 shows a circuit in which the interruption circuit 1 shown is to be an interruption circuit element according to the invention.
  • a comparator 25 is connected in parallel with the current path through the interruption switching element 1 to the terminal contacts 4 and 5, whose tasks can also take over control electronics.
  • a fuse 26 is connected in parallel with the current path through the interruption switching element 1. The latter current path is also connected to the terminals 4 and 5.
  • a switch S is provided in the current path between the fuse 26 and the terminal contact 5, a switch S is provided.
  • the comparator 25 the voltage across the
  • Open circuit breaker 1 is switched from the Leit ein in the disconnected position, and thus closed here, the current path.
  • the advantage is that the breaker switch has a much lower resistance than the fuse 26 itself.
  • the circuit has the advantage that the fuse is not charged in normal operation and thus does not age. In case of overload, the fuse 26 is thus almost new and its operation is thereby ensured to an increased extent.
  • switch S at the breaker switch 1 despite the high overload current very small falling voltage and the additionally very small shunt current must switch to breaker switch 1, so it can be designed as a very small component and the overload current through the fuse 26th only after the ignition of the In the closed state, interrupt circuit element 1 must transmit or endure until the circuit is interrupted by the fuse.
  • Fig. 7 shows a circuit with an inventive
  • Breaker switch 1 wherein the current path in the breaker switch 1 leads from the first terminal contact 4 to the second terminal contact 5.
  • an ignition electronics 25 is arranged outside of the interruption switching element. Furthermore, the circuit has a switch S in the operating circuit after the second connection contact 5.
  • the switch S can also be the
  • the ignition electronics 25 can measure the current I in the operating circuit and ignites the overcurrent active
  • Breaker switch 1 which then interrupts by transition from the Leit ein in the disconnected position the operating circuit (switching the
  • the interruption switch 1 needs a certain time for switching, i. until the time when the arc in the
  • Breaker switch 1 goes off. This time is called shutdown time.
  • the ignition electronics 25 is programmed so that the switch S is opened in a period of time from immediately after the turn-off time of the interruption switching element to 1-3 times the turn-off time after switching. Alternatively to the regulation of
  • Breaker 1 and the switch S by an ignition electronics the respective switching without electronics, i. done by control.
  • the switch S can also be arranged in front of the contact 1 or elsewhere in the circuit, as long as the current through S and through the
  • Breaker switch 1 flows.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 7 has the advantage that the switch S in the specified time window only very little power and at only less than the operating voltage when opening must be able to switch, that is switched at ratios that he could always switch anyway as an operating switch have to. If, for some reason, there is no desired high or good insulation effect in the interrupting switching element 1 after switching of the interrupting switching element, the additional operating of the switch S can safely, permanently and completely shut off the operating current after the disconnection process in the interrupting switching element become.
  • a direct current of up to 30 kA and with a voltage of up to 900 V is applied to an interrupt switch according to the invention as shown in FIG.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention has the following dimensions: length of the housing 52 mm, diameter of the housing 32 mm.
  • the housing is made of steel.
  • Inside the inner reaction chamber 7 is a minidetonator with 30 mg ZPP, 30 mg silver azide and for some purposes an additional 40 mg octogen (RDX).
  • the extinguishing agent within the reaction chambers 7a / b and the stuffer box 18 is a mixture of silicone oil and fumed silica (HDK) (40 cm 3 oil to 2 g HDK).
  • the electrically conductive coating on the sabot is formed in two places as a 3 mm wide and 30 pm thick layer as an aluminum self-adhesive tape; this conductive layer has a distance of 1 mm to the connecting element and to the housing (desired spark gap).
  • the contact unit is cylindrical and made of copper.
  • the separation area has one
  • Extinguishing fluid evaporates, immediately after an arc forms between contact 1 and contact 2.
  • the sabot moves towards contact 1 and after a short distance at least a second arc forms over the
  • Aluminum layer on the sabot The aluminum vaporizes, is ionized and thus passes on the current through the arc formed here. Both arcs are starved by energy, until both finally go out.
  • the outer circular inductance should in this case be so small that the arcs have extinguished in the housing, just before the compression area was completely compressed.
  • Example 2 The same experiment is carried out as in Example 1, with the difference that an interruption switching element of the same type is used, which, however, does not have a baffle and whose inside wall of the housing is protected by internal insulation.
  • Insulation resistance can with such a breaker switch therefore at high loads by separating very high overload currents at high

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de disjoncteur, en particulier pour interrompre des courants continus élevés à haute tension, qui peuvent être transférés d'une position conductrice à une position déconnectée. L'élément de disjoncteur se compose d'un boîtier, d'une chambre de réaction située à l'intérieur du boîtier et d'une unité de contact définissant le chemin principal du courant à travers l'élément de disjoncteur. Le boîtier englobe l'unité de contact, c'est-à-dire que l'unité de contact est encastrée dans le boîtier. L'unité de contact dispose d'un premier et d'un deuxième contact de borne et d'une plage de séparation. La plage de sectionnement établit une connexion électrique entre le premier contact terminal et le deuxième contact terminal en position maître du disjoncteur. La zone de séparation se trouve à l'intérieur de la chambre de réaction, qui est remplie d'un agent extincteur. La zone de séparation est formée de telle sorte que, lorsque l'organe de commutation d'interruption est transféré de la position conductrice à la position de déconnexion, le trajet de courant principal entre le premier contact terminal et le second contact terminal est interrompu de telle sorte que deux extrémités séparées de la zone de séparation sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une distance de séparation ti située dans le milieu extincteur. L'élément de disjoncteur est caractérisé en ce que l'élément de disjoncteur présente un trajet de courant de dérivation parallèle au trajet de courant principal capable de générer un courant de dérivation entre les premier et second contacts de borne lorsqu'une surtension se produit lors du passage de la position conductrice à la position déconnectée, lequel courant de dérivation transforme une partie de l'énergie électrique en énergie thermique dans une résistance shunt, la résistance shunt étant formée par une région du boîtier à travers laquelle le courant de dérivation passe.
PCT/DE2019/100124 2018-02-09 2019-02-07 Élément de disjoncteur doté d'un circuit principal et un circuit de courant auxiliaire WO2019154463A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018103018.5A DE102018103018B4 (de) 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Haupt- und Nebenschlussstrompfad
DE202018100728.9U DE202018100728U1 (de) 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Haupt- und Nebenschlussstrompfad
DE102018103018.5 2018-02-09
DE202018100728.9 2018-02-09

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11120957B2 (en) 2019-02-21 2021-09-14 Peter Lell Electrical interruption switching element with a tubular separating element with varying wall thickness
WO2022017841A1 (fr) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-27 Autoliv Development Ab Coupe circuit pyrotechnique

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3848099A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-11-12 Anvar Circuit breakers for heavy currents
DE102014107853A1 (de) 2014-06-04 2014-07-31 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102014110825A1 (de) 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme
DE202015100525U1 (de) 2014-10-22 2015-02-26 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen
DE102015114279A1 (de) 2015-08-27 2015-10-15 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen mit in Reihe geschalteten Verbindungselementen
DE102015114894A1 (de) 2015-09-04 2015-11-05 Peter Lell Verfahren und Überbrückungseinheit zum gezielten Kurzschließen einer Sekundärbatterie
DE102015112141A1 (de) 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen
DE102016124176A1 (de) 2016-12-13 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102017123021A1 (de) 2017-10-04 2017-12-14 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit passiver Unterbrechungsauslösung, insbesondere zur Unterbrechung von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3848099A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-11-12 Anvar Circuit breakers for heavy currents
DE102014107853A1 (de) 2014-06-04 2014-07-31 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102014110825A1 (de) 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme
DE202015100525U1 (de) 2014-10-22 2015-02-26 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen
DE102015112141A1 (de) 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen
DE102015114279A1 (de) 2015-08-27 2015-10-15 Peter Lell Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen mit in Reihe geschalteten Verbindungselementen
DE102015114894A1 (de) 2015-09-04 2015-11-05 Peter Lell Verfahren und Überbrückungseinheit zum gezielten Kurzschließen einer Sekundärbatterie
DE102016124176A1 (de) 2016-12-13 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102017123021A1 (de) 2017-10-04 2017-12-14 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit passiver Unterbrechungsauslösung, insbesondere zur Unterbrechung von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11120957B2 (en) 2019-02-21 2021-09-14 Peter Lell Electrical interruption switching element with a tubular separating element with varying wall thickness
WO2022017841A1 (fr) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-27 Autoliv Development Ab Coupe circuit pyrotechnique
FR3112888A1 (fr) * 2020-07-24 2022-01-28 Ncs Pyrotechnie Et Technologies Sas Coupe circuit pyrotechnique

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