WO2019154463A1

WO2019154463A1 - Interruption switch having main and shunt current path

Info

Publication number: WO2019154463A1
Application number: PCT/DE2019/100124
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Lell
Original assignee: Peter Lell
Priority date: 2018-02-09
Filing date: 2019-02-07
Publication date: 2019-08-15

Abstract

The invention relates to an interruption switch, in particular for interrupting high DC currents at high voltages, which can be transferred from a conducting position into a disconnecting position. The interruption switch has a housing, a reaction chamber located inside the housing, and a contact unit defining the main current path through the interruption switch. The housing surrounds the contact unit, i.e. the contact unit is enclosed by the housing. The contact unit has a first and a second connecting contact and a disconnection region. When the interruption switch is in the conducting position, the disconnection region establishes an electrical connection between the first connecting contact and the second connecting contact. The disconnection region is located inside the reaction chamber which is filled with an extinguishing agent. The disconnection region is designed such that, when the interruption switch is transferred from the conducting position into the disconnecting position, the main current path between the first connecting contact and the second connecting contact is interrupted such that two separated ends of the disconnection region are separated from each other by a disconnection distance t1 which is located inside the extinguishing agent. The interruption switch is characterised in that the interruption switch has, parallel to the main current path, a shunt current path which, when an overvoltage occurs during the transition from the conducting position into the disconnecting position, is capable of generating a shunt current flow between the first and the second connecting contact, said flow converting a portion of the electrical energy into thermal energy in a shunt resistor, wherein the shunt resistor is formed by a region of the housing through which the shunt current flows.

Description

Breaker with main and shunt paths

The invention relates to an electrical interrupting switching element, in particular for interrupting high DC currents at high voltages, having the features of patent claim 1.

Such switching elements can be found, for example, in power plant and automotive engineering, as well as in general mechanical and electrical engineering in cabinets of machinery and equipment, and in the context of electromobility in electric and hybrid vehicles, but also in electrically powered helicopters and aircraft to the defined and rapid disconnection of electric power circuits in emergency use. There is a requirement for such a switching element that its triggering and interruption function must be guaranteed even without maintenance after up to 20 years reliably. Furthermore, such a switching element must not pose any additional danger potential due to hot gas, particles, throwing pieces or emerging plasma. Another requirement for such switching elements is to ensure the insulation resistance after the separation.

A possible application in motor vehicle technology is the defined irreversible disconnect the board wiring of the car battery or drive battery shortly after an accident or generally after another gregat example, by a defective Ag or a defective electric motor caused shorting in the on-board cabling to avoid sources of ignition by sparks and plasma, which occur when, for example, cable insulation has been scoured by metal panels penetrating during the accident or if loose cable ends are pressed against one another or pressed against sheet metal parts. If gasoline runs out in an accident at the same time, such ignition sources can ignite flammable gasoline-air mixtures that collect under the bonnet, for example.

Further areas of use are the electrical separation of an assembly from the electrical system in the event of a short circuit in the relevant module, for example in an electric auxiliary heater or in an electric brake, and the

Emergency shutdown of a lithium battery, as used today in electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as in aircraft used. These batteries have a small size Construction volume a high terminal voltage of up to 1200 V with extremely low internal resistance. Both result in a possible short-circuit current of up to 5,000 A, sometimes even up to 30 kA, without the

Source voltage would break sharply, which can lead after just a few seconds to ignite the battery or its explosion. Also to

Emergency shutdown of individual solar cell modules or whole solar panels in an emergency, the interruption switch presented here is very well suited, because it can be formed controlled or remote controlled.

For all applications listed here, this is usually the case

Switching off DC, which unlike AC has no zero crossing. Normally, only one is in a breaker switch

Operating voltage on. However, at the moment of disconnecting a DC circuit in an open circuit, the breakdown of the magnetic field of the external circuit increases the voltage to such an extent that an arc usually occurs between the disconnected ends of a disconnecting element of an interrupting contactor. To generate an arc, a relatively high voltage is usually required. To maintain, however, already much lower voltages, which is usually in the usual

Operating voltages of about 450 V is the case. So that the arc is extinguished even after a drop in the voltage peak to the operating voltage, an extinguishing agent is often provided in the arc chamber of such interruption switching elements. The extinguishing agent should prevent even at relatively high levels

Operating voltages of about 450 V or more of the arc is maintained. Due to the high temperatures of an arc of several 1000 ° C, however, the extinguishing agent is consumed by the arc and into conductive substances

that support the arc and complicate its repression. That The extinguishing agent is consumed and is no longer sufficient for the extinction of the first time arcing, but not for the

Deletion of a potentially subsequently re-formed arc available. That's why it's hard to break up after the separation of one's contacts

Breaking contact to ensure the insulation resistance permanently. Based on this prior art, the invention has the object, an interruption switching element, in particular for interrupting high

DC currents at high voltages to provide, in which the shutdown of high DC currents at high voltages can be achieved quickly and effectively and can be permanently ensured.

The invention solves this problem with the features of patent claim 1.

The interruption switching element according to the invention can be transferred from a control position to a disconnected position. If the interruption switching element according to the invention is integrated in a circuit, then the circuit in the control position is closed. In the disconnected position, the circuit is interrupted. The invention

Breaker switch has a housing, a reaction chamber disposed within the housing and a main flow path through the

Open circuit-defining contact unit on. The housing engages around the contact unit, i. the contact unit is surrounded by the housing. The

Contact unit has a first and a second terminal contact and a separation area. The separation area is in the control position of

Breaker switch one, preferably very low-resistance, electrical connection between the first terminal contact and the second

Connection contact forth, values of 40 to 60 pH are easily accessible here. The

Separation area is within the so-called reaction chamber, which with a

Extinguishing agent is filled, arranged. The separation region is formed so that when the interruption switching member is transferred from the Leitstellung in the disconnected position, the main current path between the first terminal contact and the second

Connection contact is interrupted so that two separated ends of the

Separation area are a separation distance L apart, which is located within the extinguishing agent. The interruption switching element according to the invention is characterized in that the interruption switching element has a bypass current path parallel to the main current path, which is capable of an overvoltage in the transition from the Leitstellung to the disconnected position

Shunt current flow between the first and the second terminal contact to generate, which converts a part of the electrical energy into thermal energy in a shunt resistor, wherein the shunt resistor by a Is formed region of the housing through which the shunt current flows.

At the moment of the transition from the lead position to the split position of the

The interrupt circuit according to the invention, the external circuit, in which the interruption switch is integrated, interrupted. The inductance stored in the external circuit leads to the interruption of the external at the moment

Circuit to an immense increase in voltage over the normal

Operating voltage addition. As a result of this increased voltage, an arc generally occurs at at least one point of the interrupting switching element, preferably initially between the two separate ends of the separating region. Because the

Separating path between these two separate ends passes through an extinguishing agent, the arc can evaporate the extinguishing agent, tear the molecules and react with the resulting electrically conductive substances. In this way, arise from the usually built up from carbon molecules or mixed with carbonaceous materials extinguishing agent conductive substances that are undesirable because they do not lead to permanent assurance of insulation resistance. If no energy were consumed elsewhere, all the energy from the arc could flow into the conversion of extinguishing agent to undesirable conductive substances.

These processes or conditions may not be relevant if you use extinguishing agents that are not based on carbon. Thought of the

Use of hexasilane or pentasilane. The problem here is that these substances have been produced worldwide only in a few test laboratories and even in extremely small quantities and their suitability for the extinction of an arc could not be tested so far. Preliminary studies also showed that 1 kg of this

Liquids z.Z. would cost about 60,000 euros, with a production time of about 6 months. These high costs and long production time exclude these materials at least for now. for a series application for electric arc damping in emergency shutters off. Even today, it is still completely unknown what disadvantages would occur with the use of these substances.

Since in the interruption switching element according to the invention at the moment of transition from the control position to the disconnected position a shunt current flow over a Producing shunt current path having a shunt resistor that can convert electrical energy into thermal energy, energy that is normally available to the arc is otherwise consumed. Also, the arc can be induced by so-called field line control to be forced to mainly use the shunt current path. In this way, less extinguishing agent is converted by the arc into conductive substances, so that to ensure the insulation resistance of the invention

Breaking contact more unused extinguishing agent in the reaction chamber is available.

In the bypass current path can also be a separation distance t ₂ , in which an arc can be formed. Although this arc also converts extinguishing agents to conductive materials, the inventor of the present application has

determined that the converted energy through the shunt resistor less extinguishing agent is converted by a possible arc in the main current path between the two terminal contacts. This has two advantages: If the energy due to the voltage increase is consumed by the formation of the arc, by conversion of extinguishing agent and by the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy by the shunt, there is still enough electrically non-conductive extinguishing agent in the

Interrupting switch is present so that even after extinction or starvation of the arc at the operating voltage no arc is formed. Furthermore, by the presence of extinguishing agent after the decay of the arc or arcs permanently the insulation resistance is better ensured.

According to the invention, the operating voltage is to be understood as meaning a voltage of more than 100 V or more, preferably 450 V or more, but today preferably a maximum of 5000 V. By "overvoltage" is meant according to the invention a voltage increase of up to 4 times the operating voltage.

The term "separation line" in the present application a

Interruption in a current path or a distance between two conducting ones

Components of a current path understood. A "reaction chamber" is understood in the present application to mean the chamber in which the connecting element is separated, ie the chamber within which an arc can be formed between two separate parts of the separating region.

The size of the separation path in the main current path, ie the distance between the separate parts of the separation region is in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element according to the invention preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm. The size of the separation path t ₂ in the bypass current path is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm. The latter also applies to possible further separation distances within the

Shunt current path.

The separation distance t ₂ is usually over at least one spark gap in

Moment of separation by the then resulting high induction voltage from the collapsing magnetic field of the circular inductance of

Main discharge path quasi automatically switched on. The length of this

Spark gap is in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably about 1 mm.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the resistance of the contact unit from the first to the second terminal contact in the main current path is in the range of 30 to 60 mW. The shunt resistance, including the arc resistance, preferably smaller after separation than the resistance of the separated main current path, and is preferably in a range of 1x to 0.01x of the resistance of the separated main current path.

The extinguishing agent can be a solid, powdery or a liquid medium.

Preferably, the extinguishing agent is a vaporizable medium. Preferably, the extinguishing agent is a liquid medium which upon reaching the boiling or

Evaporating temperature completely or partially passes into a gaseous state. At the same time, it is preferred that the extinguishing agent also be electrically insulating

Has properties, so that the arc can be deleted after sufficient removal of the two parts separated the separation area and then there is sufficient insulation between the separate contacts against a then undesirable current flow. Preferably, the extinguishing agent is an oil, for example, silicone oil, or a silane or polysiloxane, for example hexasilane or pentasilane with as little or even better without carbon atom content.

The contact unit comprises the first and the second connection contact as well as the separation region which, when the interruption switching element according to the invention is switched, disconnects the main current path via the contact unit. In this case, the separating region can be configured in any form, as described, for example, in DE 10 2014 107 853 A1, DE 10 2014 110 825 A1, DE 20 2015 100 525 U1, DE 10 2015 112 141 A1, DE 10 2015 114 279 A1, DE 10 2015 114 894 A1, DE 10 2016 124 176 A1 and DE 10 2017 123 021 A1 is described. Thus, the separation region may be formed, for example, as a fixed switching web, for example, as a simple rod or as

cylindrical or hollow prismatic pipe is formed, which is torn and thereby separated into at least two parts. But the rod or tube can also be moved only, so that a separation of the two

Connection contacts results. Alternatively, the separation area can also be designed so that a bolt is in communication with two guide contacts, and when the bolt is moved, it is separated from one or two of the guide contacts. Furthermore, the separation area can also be a wire or a band. The separation area is connected to the two connection contacts. The door area can be directly connected to the connection contacts or via further conductive contacts

Elements associated with it. When switching the invention

Interrupt switch, i. Interrupting the current path, the separation area is separated in such a way that thereby the electrical connection between the two terminals is interrupted. The separation of the separation area can be done in any conceivable manner, for example, a piston can push it on, shoot up a plunger, the conductor an externally generated and acting on him or torn by the conductor itself generated gas pressure or exhaust gas pressure or can be thermally melted easily. The separation region can be activated by active triggering, but also by passive triggering of the invention

Disconnect switch are disconnected.

The passive triggering can, for example, by melting the material forming the separation area, for example, when reaching a certain threshold current, done. Also, the passive release by the action of pyrotechnic ignition and Igniter substances, as well as only by thermal action decomposing substances, such as. Tetracene be supported. In this case, devices can also be attached to one or both separated parts of the separation area, which further remove these two ends from each other, for example by an existing tensile load, which can act after separation of the separation area. By way of example, here is one

Tensile stress can be called by a prestressed spring.

Actively triggering the interruption switching element according to the invention means any kind of mechanical or pyrotechnic energy which can separate the separation region. Thus, for example, the separation area can be separated by an acting tensile or compressive movement. Or it is a pyrotechni cal material, such as a lighter (EED) or a Minidetonator, ver used, which is either in the reaction chamber, or outside the reaction chamber is mounted so that it by pulling or pushing movement or a shock wave on can affect the separation area and causes its separation.

Also, the gas production of substances that just by heating just below

Release of gases, such as tetracene, can be used here to initiate or assist in a separation process.

These substances can also be used for extinguishing and isolating provided that they do not contain any halogens or carbon atoms in their molecular structure.

For example, tetracene largely disintegrates directly into nitrogen N ₂ and thus can be used directly into the reaction chamber to aid in the separation and subsequent electrical isolation of the separate connector.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the shunt current path is closed or interrupted in the conducting position. Is the shunt current path in the control position

interrupted before, it can - as described above - at the interruption forming separating line t ₂ also formed an arc. If the shunt current path is closed in the conducting position, it is preferred that a part of the material forming the shunt current path be at Voltage increase beyond the operating voltage beyond evaporable material. The transition from the control position to the disconnected position occurs

Voltage increase, the vaporizable material is evaporated, causing the

Separation distance t _{2 is formed} in the bypass current path, which also to a

Interruption of the current flow in the interruption switch leads. If an arc is then formed at the separation distance t ₂ , then the magnetic field of the

Circular inductance stored energy at the moment of separation also be reduced faster at this arc and also in addition to the resistance in the bypass current path.

Thus, in one embodiment of the invention

Breaker switch preferred that in the disconnected position of

Breaker within the housing an interruption of the

Shunt paths with a separation distance t _{2 is} provided, which is bridged when the overvoltage occurs by an arc. This ensures that a shunt current flows across the shunt current path, allowing shunt resistance to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.

It is further preferred that the separation distance t ₂ is also located within an extinguishing agent. This ensures that even with waste of the increased voltage during or after the switching of the invention

Interrupting switching element (transition from the control position to the disconnected position) is applied to the operating voltage of the arc is effectively deleted.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the extinguishing agent in which the separation distance t ₂ is located is the same extinguishing agent in which the separation distance is located. Furthermore, it is preferred that the separation sections and t _{2 are arranged} in the separation position within the same volume. This volume is filled with the extinguishing agent. In the control position of the interruption switching element according to the invention, the separation sections and t _{2 may be present} in different volumes or chambers, but it is

according to the invention for a simple embodiment of

Breaker switch advantageous when passing through the transition position in the separation position the different volumes are combined into one volume. This can be accomplished by the separation area of the contact unit being designed such that it separates the different volumes in the guide position, but by separating the separation area from the different ones

Volumes becomes a volume.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the separation distance t _{2 is} located between the inner wall of the housing and an electrically conductive material in the interior of the interruption switching element. Here, the electrically conductive material is preferably in the form of a coating on an insulating element of the interrupting switching element.

The insulating element may be made of plastic, for example. From a thermal or

Duroplast, but also from a ceramic, which has the advantage that it is not electrically conductive by or at the influence of arcing. Alternatively, the electrically conductive material may also be configured as a wire or a band. The electrically conductive material is preferably connected at one end to the contact unit, preferably on the side of the first connection contact. Alternatively, however, may be provided between the electrically conductive material and the contact unit, a further separation distance t ₃ , which in the transition from the

Control position is bridged into the disconnected position by means of an arc.

Is the electrically conductive material in the form of a coating on a

insulating member of the breaking contact member, it is preferable that a protective layer is provided between the insulating member and the electrically conductive material, which protects the insulating member from the energy by the bypass current flow. The protective layer is preferably a ceramic protective layer, for example of a silicon dioxide-containing layer oxide. This protective layer may be applied to the insulating member in which a liquid ceramic is sprayed or the insulating member is immersed in a liquid ceramic. As a so-called liquid ceramic, a liquid mixture of siloxanes and nanomaterials is referred to, as it is commercially available for example as "9H Auto Ceramic Coating". The protective layer preferably has a thickness in the range from 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably in the range from 20 μm to 50 μm. The coating with the electrically conductive material, preferably is applied to the protective layer, is preferably aluminum, because aluminum is burned to electrically non-conductive alumina and thus does not deteriorate the subsequent insulation resistance. This can be realized, for example, by adhering an aluminum adhesive sheet to the insulating member or the protective layer of the insulating member. The coating with the electrically conductive material preferably has a width (orthogonal to the direction of current flow) in the range of 1, 5 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, but may also be applied continuously on the surface of the insulating member extending from the contact unit extends towards the housing. The thickness of the coating with the electrically conductive material is preferably 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 20 μm to 50 μm.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the electrically conductive material is a material which at least partially vaporizes upon electrical connection of the two connection contacts through the bypass current path in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element, whereby the separation distance t ₂ is formed. In this embodiment, it does not bother if the

Shunt current path in the control position of the interruption switch is closed because due to the higher resistance of the

Shunt resistance as the resistance in the main current path flows the major part of the current across the main current path. Only after the transition from the control position to the release position caused increase in the voltage is then by evaporation of the electrically conductive material in the bypass current path to form the separation distance t. ₂

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the shunt current path via the housing and the

Main current path in a spaced from the housing current path.

Preferably, the main current path is centered within the housing of the

Interruption switching element. The bypass current path preferably extends from the first terminal contact over a part of the contact unit, which is located on one side of the separation distance t ₂ , and is from there to the housing of the

Circuit breaker connected to the second terminal contact in

Connection stands. The first connection contact must not be used directly with the Housing in electrical connection.

The part of the housing through which the shunt current flows is preferably formed of an electrically conductive material having a higher resistance than the electrically conductive material of the contact unit. The electrically conductive material of the housing is preferably steel, stainless steel, tungsten alloys or titanium. As the electrically conductive material of the contact unit is preferably copper, brass or aluminum used, all nickel-plated, silvered or gold plated in special cases.

The wall thickness of the casing material through which the bypass current flows is preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, and most preferably 1.5 mm to 2 mm. The wall thickness hangs next to the wall

Housing material also from the outer diameter of the housing and from the currents at which is separated: the larger the outer diameter of the

Housing is, the thicker the wall thickness of the housing material must be to withstand the resulting after the separation of the bonding material in the housing high pressure. The higher the current at the moment of disconnection, the stronger the resulting arc in the housing. Therefore, more material and also extinguishing agent are vaporized and heated, so that the internal pressure increases. The above-mentioned wall thicknesses preferably relate to a

Steel case with a diameter of approx. 30 mm.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that the contact unit is in communication with a sabot that is configured to be movable by an applied pressure from an initial position to an end position, wherein in the end position of the sabot the separation area is disconnected and the separation distance is formed. It is preferred that the sabot is made of a non-conductive material, that is, the above-mentioned insulating member is formed as a sabot. All features mentioned above i. V. m. The insulating element therefore applies to the sabot. This has the advantage that the sabot can be in connection with an electrically conductive housing without current flowing through the housing. To ensure the shunt current path, the sabot turns off insulating material which communicates with the contact unit and which extends in the vicinity of the housing or is also in communication therewith, preferably in such a way provided with a conductive coating, so that in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element according to the invention the first and the second

Connection contact via the shunt current path are interconnected. The electrically conductive coating preferably extends on the sabot from the contact unit to the inner wall of the housing. If, in the case of the disconnected position, this is referred to as a connection of the first and second connection contacts via the bypass current path, it is always meant that this electrical connection can only be achieved by bridging the separation section t ₂ by an arc. Furthermore, it is preferred that the conductive coating is not applied directly to the material of the sabot, but that - as described above - protective layer is provided between the electrically conductive coating and the sabot. The advantages of this

Protective layer are mentioned in the description of the interruption switching element of Fig. 1 below. In addition, a baffle may be provided on the inner wall of the housing, which is preferably in communication with the conductive coating of the sabot. The baffle is preferably formed of copper. Subsequent to the baffle can be provided on the inner wall of the housing, an electrically non-conductive screen. The advantages of the baffle and the electrically conductive shield are described below in connection with the breaker switch of FIG. The electrically nonconductive screen, like the sabot, is preferably made of an insulating material, such as e.g. POM, PAI, PI or preferably a ceramic. When using a ceramic, the protective layer can be omitted directly on the corresponding surface, because here the adjacent arc the

Ceramic surface does not make electrically conductive.

In one embodiment of the interruption switching element according to the invention, it is preferred that a collector is provided on the outside of the housing. The collector preferably extends over the part of the housing which is part of the housing

Shunt current path is. The collector can be made of stainless steel, steel or copper. The collector has the task of additional mechanical strengthening of the housing at high internal pressure in the case of switching the breaker switching element according to the invention. Furthermore, collects the collector over the housing flowing current and also relieves the housing material. He can speak as a kind of bypass for the there after the arc strike in the am

Inner diameter of the housing attached baffle be viewed over the housing flowing current. The collector also covers the back of the

Interrupt switch from, i. it is a kind of privacy shield for any existing sealing rings or a sealant used there. Should the internal pressure of the interruption switching element become so high under extreme current load that between the housing and the part of the contact unit on the side of the second

Connection contact extinguishing agent escapes, so the collector can collect the extinguishing agent, and prevents the extinguishing agent splashed around in the area and here even finely divided can even ignite.

Is the shunt current path in the Leitstellung of the invention

Closed circuit breaker, it is preferred that the separation distance t _{2 is formed} by moving the sabot from the starting position to the end position.

The interruption switching elements according to the invention can be used in a circuit in which parallel to the invention

An interruption switching element ignition electronics and in a further current path a fuse is connected, wherein the further current path has a switch which can be opened or closed. In case of operation, the switch is preferably open. The ignition electronics are able to close the switch at a certain overcurrent and then to switch the breaker switch, i. from the control position to the disconnected position. The fuse can be a conventional fuse. The ignition electronics may for example be a comparator. More details are given below in connection with the description of FIG. 4. In such a circuit, instead of the breaker circuit according to the invention, any prior art breaker switch suitable for shutting off not so high currents at not so high voltages may be used.

The interruption switching elements according to the invention can also be used in one

Circuit use in which the current path in the Breaker switch from the first terminal to the second

Connection contact leads. Parallel to this, an ignition electronics is arranged outside of the interruption switching element. Furthermore, the circuit has a switch in the operating circuit. The switch can also be the operating switch of the

Be operating circuit. The ignition electronics can measure the current in the operating circuit and ignites the overcurrent active breaker, which then interrupts the transition from the Leitstellung in the disconnected position the operating circuit (switching of the interruption switching element). The interrupt switch takes a certain time to switch, i. until the time at which the arc extinguishes in the breaker switch. This time is called shutdown time. The ignition electronics are preferably programmed so that the switch S is opened in a period of time from immediately after the turn-off time of the interruption switching element to 1-3 times the turn-off time after switching. This circuit has the advantage that a possibly after extreme overloading of the interruption switch very small insulation resistance from the opening of the switch S no heating of the interruption switch more occurs, the separation process is thus stabilized and fixed without the switch S disconnecting the circuit in case of overload current

to be expected, this without prior ignition or switching the

Breaker could not turn off, but would usually explode here. As an alternative to the regulation of the interruption switching element 1 and the switch S by an ignition electronics, the respective switching can also without

Electronics, i. done by control. Such an embodiment is described below with respect to FIG. 5.

Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. The features set forth in the aforementioned embodiments of the

Unless they are mutually exclusive, according to the invention interruption switching element can be arbitrarily combined according to the invention.

The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings

Embodiments explained in more detail. All features described with respect to a particular figure may also be transferred to the interruption switching members of the other figures, as far as technically feasible: Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an inventive

Breaker before the separation of the separation area (Leitstellung) with a conductive material on the provided with a protective layer sabot, which is designed such that the

Shunt current path is closed.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an inventive

Breaking contact according to Fig. 1 after the separation of the separation area (separation position). The conductive layer is burned, it remains on the sabot only the protective layer.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an inventive

Breaking contact as in Fig. 1, but in addition with a collector over a part of the housing.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of another invention

Breaker before the separation of the separation area (Leitstellung) with a conductive material on the sabot, which is designed so that the bypass current path is interrupted.

Fig. 5 shows the longitudinal or cross section of a sabot of a typical

Breaker switch of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 shows a circuit with an inventive

Breaker switch connected in parallel with a conventional fuse and a comparator, which can also be replaced by a controller.

Fig. 7 shows a circuit with an inventive

Breaker switch with a comparator or ignition electronics and a switch S after the second terminal contact. However, the switch S could also be mounted before the first connection contact or at another point in the operating circuit. The illustrated in Fig. 1 embodiment of an interruption switching element 1 according to the invention comprises a housing 2, in which a contact unit 3 is arranged. The housing 2 is designed such that it withstands a pressure generated within the housing 2, which is generated, for example, during a pyrotechnic triggering of the interrupting switching element 1, without the risk of damage or even bursting. The housing 2 may in particular be made of a suitable material, preferably steel. The contact unit 3 is in the illustrated embodiment as a through the sabot 10 in

Upset area 19 depressible switching tube formed so that it is formed in the separation 6 and compression area 19 as a tube. In the illustrated embodiment, the contact unit 3 has a first connection contact 4. The first connection contact 4 is adjoined by a radially outwardly extending flange 15, which adjoins an annular insulator element 22, which consists of an insulating material, for example a plastic supported, that the contact unit 3 can not be moved out of the housing 2 in the axial direction. The

Insulator element 22 for this purpose preferably has an annular shoulder on which the flange 15 of the contact unit 3 is supported. In addition, the insulator element 22 isolates the housing 2 from the terminal contact 4. The contact unit 3 has a subsequent to the flange 15 in the axis of the contact unit 3

Compression area 19. The wall thickness of the contact unit is in the compression region 19, which has a predetermined axial extent, so selected and matched to the material that at a release of the interruption switching element 1 as a result of plastic deformation of the contact unit 3 in the compression region 19 a

Shortening of the swaged portion 19 in the axial direction by a predetermined

Distance results.

The compression area 19 is adjoined in the axial direction of the contact unit 3 by a flange 14, on which a sabot 10 is seated in the exemplary embodiment shown. The sabot 10 is designed as an electrically insulating element, for example a suitable plastic, preferably of ceramic. This embraces the

Contact unit 3 such that between the outer periphery of the flange 14 and the inner wall of the housing 2, an insulating region of the sabot 10 engages. If a pressure acts on the surface of the sabot 10, a force is generated which presses over the flange 14 the swage region 19 of the contact unit 3. This force is chosen so that during the tripping process of the

Interrupting switching element 1 results in a compression of the swaged portion 19, wherein the sabot 10 from its initial position (status before the release of the

Breaker switch 1 = Leitstellung) in an end position (after completion of the switching operation = separation position) is moved.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the sabot 10 may be selected so that its outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the housing 2, so that an axial guidance of the flange 14 and thus an axially guided compression movement is achieved during the switching operation.

After the pressing operation, the noses of the insulator element 22 and of the sabot 10 lying close to the housing 2 fully engage one another, so that the one pushed together meander-shaped after the release and the upsetting process

Compression area 19 is fully enclosed by electrically insulating materials.

At the sabot 10 and the flange 14 of the contact unit 3, a separation region 6 connects. On this side of the contact unit 3, the second connection contact 5 then connects.

In the illustrated embodiment, the sabot 10 is pushed in the assembly of the interruption switching member 1 from the side of the terminal 5 forth on the contact unit 3. This is shared (not drawn). If the second terminal contact 5 is not divided or this is in one piece the same

Contact unit 3, as drawn, the sabot must be either molded or made of several parts in order to mount it.

In the axial end of the contact unit 3 in the region of the second connection contact 5, a drive 16, preferably a pyrotechnic drive, may be provided, here often also called a mini-detonator or ignition plug. Through a breakthrough in the interior of the contact unit 3 electrical connection lines for the drive can be led to the outside. The drive 16 is preferably in an inner

Reaction chamber 7b provided within the contact unit 3. An outer one

Reaction chamber 7a is located between the outer wall of a separation area 6 and the housing 2.

The separation region 6 is dimensioned so that it tears at least partially through the gas pressure generated or the generated shock wave of a drive, preferably completely ruptures, so that the pressure or the shock wave from the inner

Reaction chamber 7b in the preferably designed as a surrounding annular space outer reaction chamber 7a can spread. The reaction chambers 7a and 7b are connected together in this way to a volume. The internal pressure required for upsetting the contact tube can also be generated in such a way that at a certain nominal current intensity the separating region 6 melts and an arc forms therebetween, the extinguishing agent 9 evaporates. To facilitate the tearing open, the wall of the contact unit 3 in the separation region 6 can also have one or more apertures or bores and / or grooves. In this case, it must be ensured that the material of the separation area separates the operating current well, that is, it does not become too hot in consideration of heat dissipation so as not to cause the material to age too quickly or too strongly. To humiliate the

Soldering temperature of points of the separation area can also solder is applied there, which melts when heated the separation region and, for example, the applied copper alloyed so that its melting temperature of about 1700 ° C drops to only 160 ° C and so earlier can break the separation area , This

Method is already common in conventional fuses and introduced.

A device for igniting a pyrotechnic material (ignition device) may consist of a simple, quickly heatable filament which is coated with a primer or ignition mixture. The activation of the drive can be done by a corresponding electrical control. Of course, the drive can also be designed in any other way that causes activation of the pyrotechnic material, also in the form of a conventional igniter (EED), a primer, a squib or a Minidetonators.

Upon activation of the interrupting switching element 1, therefore, a pressure or even a shockwave is generated on the side of the sabot 10 facing away from the swage region 19, as a result of which the sabot 10 is subjected to a corresponding axial force. This force is determined by a suitable dimensioning of the pyrotechnic Material selected so that the contact unit 3 in the compression region 19 plastically deformed or pressed, but not torn and then the sabot 10 is moved in the direction of the first terminal contact 4. The pyrotechnic material is dimensioned so that after breaking or pressing the separation area 6, the movement of the sabot 10, the two halves separation sufficiently far away from each other, in cooperation with the evaporation of the extinguishing agent 9 then even to an end position.

Immediately after the activation of the pyrotechnic material is thus the

Separation region 6 at least partially torn or pushed, preferably completely torn. If the tearing or pressing in does not take place even before the start of the axial movement of the sabot 10 over the complete circumference of the separating region 6, then a remaining remainder of the separating region 6, which still causes an electrical contact, is completely torn open by the axial movement of the sabot 10, amplified by the then occurring very rapid heating of the here then only small residual cross section of the conductor by the flowing here high electric current.

In particular, the gas pressure generated by the burnup or the generated shock wave can be well controlled by introducing readily gasifiable liquids or solids (extinguishing agent 9) into the space in which the pyrotechnic material is contained or in which the generated hot gases enter. In particular, water dissolved in the extinguishing agent 9 or in the form of microcapsules, gels, etc., increases the gas pressure considerably. Also, admixture of chemicals that react with heating is useful, e.g. the addition of red phosphorus,

but in particular also of certain ignition and igniters, such as

Zirconium potassium perchlorate (ZPP), but also of polysiloxanes such as hexasilane or pentasilane. The introduction of tetrazene brings here support that you do not have to buy by the production of predominantly electrically conductive materials, as due to its low carbon content tetrazene decomposes mainly into electrically non-conductive nitrogen.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an extinguishing agent 9 is located in the reaction chambers 7a and 7b, which is released during the detonation or deflagration of the Pyrotechnic material favors the shock wave propagation and also reduces the void so much that in this way less activatable material must be used and the walls of the separation region 6 can be kept sufficiently thick, so that the assembly even at high

Operating currents can be used. The extinguishing agent 9 also serves to dampen or extinguish an arc between the separate ends of the separation region 6. After the separation of the separation region are the two

Reaction chambers 7a and 7b connected to each other.

1, a channel is provided which extends below the sabot 10, in particular in the flange 14, preferably centrally in the axial direction and connects the inner reaction chamber 7 b with a compression chamber 18 below the compression region 19. The stuffer box 18 and the channel connecting the stuffer box and the inner reaction chamber 7b are also filled with extinguishing agent 9. Thus, the contact unit 3 is further formed in the illustrated embodiment as a continuous switching tube. The channel ensures that in the release of the interruption switching element 1 and the associated movement of the sabot 10 from the starting position to the end position, the increasing volume in the region of the inner

Reaction chamber 7b is also refilled with extinguishing agent 9. By the movement of the sabot 10 from the starting position to the end position extinguishing agent 9 is compressed in the stuffer box 18 and injected through the channel in the direction of the region of the reaction chamber 7 and here directly to the separation region 6. In this way, an arc between the separate parts of the separation region 6 can be additionally attenuated or deleted.

The central channel can before the inner reaction chamber 7b or before the

Separation area 6 narrows nozzle-like manner, for a sufficiently good to pass extinguishing agent 9 from the compression area 19 in the combustion chamber 17, on the other hand attenuate the generated by the minidetator or drive 16 shock wave direction compression area 19 so that the compression area after the ignition of the Minidetonators or Drive 16 is not too heavily loaded or even damaged.

Furthermore, in the interruption switching member 1 sealing elements 23 for sealing the various chambers 7 and 18 with respect to the escape of extinguishing agent 9 and to seal the various components with each other.

The interruption switching element 1 according to FIG. 1 is basically constructed in the same way as the interruption switching element of DE 10 2016 124 176 A1 shown in FIG.

1 in the contact unit 3 from the first connection contact 4 via the adjoining compression region 19, the region below the flange 14 or the sabot 10, the separation region 6 up to the second connection contact 5.

In addition, the interruption switching element 1 according to FIG. 1 has a so-called field line control. The field line control comprises a coating 8 of an electrically conductive material, which is applied to the sabot 10.

Preferably, the material of the sabot 10 is protected by the fact that directly on the surface of the sabot a protective layer 11a is present, on which the coating 8 is applied. Furthermore, part of the field line control is a baffle 12, which is electrically conductive. The baffle 12 is preferably applied to the inner wall of the housing 2. The baffle 12 may be made of copper, for example. The field line control ensures that a shunt current path in the contact unit 3 from the first terminal 4 via the subsequent

Upset area 19 and the area below the flange 14 and the sabot 10 can extend over the coating 8 on the sabot 10, from the coating on the guide plate 12 and from there to the housing 2, which is connected to the second terminal contact 5. The baffle 12 is thus able to

Pick up the arc and apply the current directly to the electrically conductive

Forward housing material, and also prevents that at the point at which the arc would enter without baffle 12, the material of the housing 2 is not weakened or notched. In this way, the housing can withstand the internal pressure and does not tear at this point. The coating 8 is formed as a conductive layer on the sabot 10, which itself preferably consists of a non-conductive material. The protective layer 11a for the sabot 10 is preferably formed as a ceramic layer. The insulator element 22

ensures that the first terminal 4 is not connected to the housing 2 is. The coating 8 connects the contact unit 3 to the housing 2 electrically in the conducting position of the interrupting switching element 1, ie the bypass current path is closed in the conducting position. The coating here is a vaporizable material which is vaporized by the operating voltage as the voltage increases. The interrupting switching member 1 may also have an electrically non-conductive screen 13 which shields the housing 2 inside. The electrically non-conductive screen 13 is preferably arranged adjacent to the guide plate 12 on the inner wall of the housing 2. The electrically non-conductive screen 13 changes the electrical

Field lines after the rupture of the separation region 6, so that the arc can not strike here directly into the material of the housing 2. This electrically non-conductive screen 13 may additionally be coated with a protective layer (not shown), which may also be a ceramic protective layer. In this way, the shield 13, which is generally formed as a plastic material, can be protected from the arc.

In individual cases, the electrically non-conductive screen 13 and the electrically conductive coating 8 can then be omitted if the dimensions of the assembly are so small that the arc even without these parts its way from the first

Terminal contact to the baffle 12 and thus looking for the housing 2. For example, this is the case with an inner diameter of the housing of 26 mm. The

Arc can also be supported by the fact that the baffle 12 is executed sharp-edged, so that here the field line density is particularly high and therefore particularly "tempting" for the arc.

It is also possible for further walls of the outer or inner reaction chambers 7a / 7b to be provided with a protective layer, which is preferably a ceramic one

Protective layer is. By way of example, in the interruption switching element 1 of FIG. 1, a protective layer 11b on the side opposite the sabot 10 of FIG

Contact unit 3 is applied so that this area is not for retracting a

Arc is available. The part of the first connection contact facing the reaction chamber can also be coated so as not to provide good contact resistance for the current flow after disconnection in the direction of the second connection contact (not shown). As shown in Fig. 2, the interruption switching member 1 of FIG. 1 in the disconnected position, can be formed in this way, a separation distance t ₂ in the bypass current path, which can be bridged by an arc at elevated voltage, but the current flow at lowering of the Voltage on the operating voltage prevented. The separation distance t ₂ is here the distance between the coating 8 on the sabot 10 and the baffle 12 on the inner wall of the housing 2. When a triggering of the drive 16 of T rennbereich 6 is torn open or separated. At the same time a pressure or even shock wave is generated by the example pyrotechnic drive 16, which pressurizes the sabot 10.

In this way, the sabot 10 is pushed in the direction of the first terminal 4. In this case, the compression area 19 folds up. The Associated

Reduction of the volume of the stuffer box 18 causes the flow of

Extinguishing agent 9 from the stuffer box 18 via the channel in the direction of

Reaction chamber 7a / 7b. The formation of an arc in the separation sections and / or t ₂ additionally causes by evaporation of the extinguishing agent

Pressure increase, so that the sabot completely in the in Fig. 2 shown

End position is pushed. In this way, there is a maximum distance between the two separate ends of the separation region 6. The separation distance is formed here by the sabot 10 is pushed in the direction of the first terminal 4, wherein the separation region 6 ruptures. The separation distance is here the distance between the two separated ends of the separation area 6.

In the interruption switch 1 of Fig. 2 remains when moving the

Sealing mirror 10 in the direction of the compression region 19, the baffle 12 stationary.

Alternatively, the baffle 12 but also together with the sabot 10 are moved with. In this way, the separation distance t _{2 is formed} after evaporation of the coating 8 between the contact tube 3 and the guide plate 12th

The breaker switch 1 of FIG. 3 is substantially identical to the breaker switch 1 of FIG. 1, but additionally has a collector 17 on the outside of the housing 2 of the breaker switch 1 on the side of the second

Terminal contact 5, preferably over the range of

Reaction chambers 7a / 7b extends. The collector 17 has the advantages mentioned above. The interrupt switch 1 of FIG. 4 is identical to the interrupt switch of FIG. 1 except for the following:

The coating 8 on the sabot 10 is designed so that two

Dividing lines t ₂ and t _{3 are} formed. The separation lines interrupt the

Shunt current path in the control position of the interruption switching element 1, since only the operating voltage is present, which is insufficient to form an arc by the extinguishing agent. The separation distance t ₂ is formed between the outer end of the coating 8 and the housing 2 by no coating 8 is present at this point on the sabot 10 with electrically conductive material. The separation distance t ₃ is formed between the contact tube-side end of the coating 8 and the contact tube 3 by no coating 8 is present at this point on the sabot 10 with electrically conductive material. When increasing the voltage at the separation of the separation area by the effect of the collapsing strong

Magnetic field of the outer circular inductance, the separation sections t ₂ and t ₃ are bridged by arcs, so that the bypass current path is closed and electrical energy is converted by the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive housing 2 into thermal energy. In an embodiment of the invention, not shown, only one of the two tennas t ₂ or t _{3 may} be present. A protective layer under the coating may also be present here, but is not shown in FIG. 4. The protective layer can be omitted if the

Sealing mirror is made of ceramic. As already mentioned above, the coating 8 and the electrically nonconductive shield 13 can be omitted for small geometries of the assembly or small inner diameter of the housing 2.

Fig. 5 (left) shows a T reibspiegel 10 - as he in the

Breaking elements 1 of Fig. 1 to 4 is used - in cross section. Here, the coating 8 is provided only as two thin band-shaped coatings of the electrically conductive material on the sabot 10. It is according to the invention but also conceivable that the entire cross-sectional area of the sabot provided with the coating 8 or even a band-shaped coating is applied. However, the sabot can also have three, four or more band-shaped coatings as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 (right) shows the sabot 10 in its side view, as well as in the interruption switching elements 1 of Figs. 1 to 4 see is. As already mentioned above, with small geometries of the assembly or small inner diameter of the housing 2, the coating 8 can also be dispensed with, the arc will "seek" the guide plate 12 directly above the surface of the sabot.

Fig. 6 shows a circuit in which the interruption circuit 1 shown is to be an interruption circuit element according to the invention. Here, a comparator 25 is connected in parallel with the current path through the interruption switching element 1 to the terminal contacts 4 and 5, whose tasks can also take over control electronics. In a further current path, a fuse 26 is connected in parallel with the current path through the interruption switching element 1. The latter current path is also connected to the terminals 4 and 5. In the current path between the fuse 26 and the terminal contact 5, a switch S is provided. About the comparator 25, the voltage across the

Breaking contact 1 measured, and at a high voltage measured here, i. at a high load current I, the switch S, which can be configured as a normal switch, as a relay contact or as a pyrotechnic assembly, first closed, and then after the safe conclusion is the

Open circuit breaker 1 is switched from the Leitstellung in the disconnected position, and thus closed here, the current path.

The advantages of the circuit shown in Fig. 6 are that in normal operation current through the interrupt switch 1 with its extremely small

Einschleifwiderstand of, for example, only about 50 mW flows, and only when an overload case to be switched, the fuse 26 is connected via the switch S. The advantage is that the breaker switch has a much lower resistance than the fuse 26 itself. Furthermore, the circuit has the advantage that the fuse is not charged in normal operation and thus does not age. In case of overload, the fuse 26 is thus almost new and its operation is thereby ensured to an increased extent. Another advantage is that the switch S at the breaker switch 1 despite the high overload current very small falling voltage and the additionally very small shunt current must switch to breaker switch 1, so it can be designed as a very small component and the overload current through the fuse 26th only after the ignition of the In the closed state, interrupt circuit element 1 must transmit or endure until the circuit is interrupted by the fuse.

Fig. 7 shows a circuit with an inventive

Breaker switch 1, wherein the current path in the breaker switch 1 leads from the first terminal contact 4 to the second terminal contact 5.

Parallel to this, an ignition electronics 25 is arranged outside of the interruption switching element. Furthermore, the circuit has a switch S in the operating circuit after the second connection contact 5. The switch S can also be the

Be operating switch of the operating circuit. The ignition electronics 25 can measure the current I in the operating circuit and ignites the overcurrent active

Breaker switch 1, which then interrupts by transition from the Leitstellung in the disconnected position the operating circuit (switching the

Interruption switching element). The interruption switch 1 needs a certain time for switching, i. until the time when the arc in the

Breaker switch 1 goes off. This time is called shutdown time. The ignition electronics 25 is programmed so that the switch S is opened in a period of time from immediately after the turn-off time of the interruption switching element to 1-3 times the turn-off time after switching. Alternatively to the regulation of

Breaker 1 and the switch S by an ignition electronics, the respective switching without electronics, i. done by control.

The switch S can also be arranged in front of the contact 1 or elsewhere in the circuit, as long as the current through S and through the

Breaker switch 1 flows.

The circuit shown in Fig. 7 has the advantage that the switch S in the specified time window only very little power and at only less than the operating voltage when opening must be able to switch, that is switched at ratios that he could always switch anyway as an operating switch have to. If, for some reason, there is no desired high or good insulation effect in the interrupting switching element 1 after switching of the interrupting switching element, the additional operating of the switch S can safely, permanently and completely shut off the operating current after the disconnection process in the interrupting switching element become.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 :

A direct current of up to 30 kA and with a voltage of up to 900 V is applied to an interrupt switch according to the invention as shown in FIG

connected. The circuit breaker according to the invention has the following dimensions: length of the housing 52 mm, diameter of the housing 32 mm. The housing is made of steel. Inside the inner reaction chamber 7 is a minidetonator with 30 mg ZPP, 30 mg silver azide and for some purposes an additional 40 mg octogen (RDX). The extinguishing agent within the reaction chambers 7a / b and the stuffer box 18 is a mixture of silicone oil and fumed silica (HDK) (40 cm ³ oil to 2 g HDK). The electrically conductive coating on the sabot is formed in two places as a 3 mm wide and 30 pm thick layer as an aluminum self-adhesive tape; this conductive layer has a distance of 1 mm to the connecting element and to the housing (desired spark gap). The contact unit is cylindrical and made of copper. The separation area has one

Inner diameter of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 7.6 mm. The complete length of the contact unit including the connection contacts is 85 mm. Otherwise, the dimensions are in relation as shown in FIG. After igniting the Minidetonators the separation area is completely torn open, part of the

Extinguishing fluid evaporates, immediately after an arc forms between contact 1 and contact 2. The sabot moves towards contact 1 and after a short distance at least a second arc forms over the

Aluminum layer on the sabot. The aluminum vaporizes, is ionized and thus passes on the current through the arc formed here. Both arcs are starved by energy, until both finally go out. The outer circular inductance should in this case be so small that the arcs have extinguished in the housing, just before the compression area was completely compressed.

At 450V operating voltage this is about a maximum of 70mH, at 900V operating voltage about 35mH maximum with respect to a separate maximum direct current of 30kA. If AC are to be switched, the conditions are much better, because It always comes here at the zero crossing of the current to an extinction of the arc, so this does not remain stable.

After opening the housing of the interruption switching element used, it can be stated that, to ensure the insulation resistance in the reaction chamber, there is still liquid to silicone oil-moist extinguishing agent. Depending on the load on the module, up to 18 kA can be used at 450 V operating voltage

Insulation resistance greater than 100 GOhm at 500 V test voltage reached at 23 kA, it is still greater than 10 MOhm, 27 kA, it is only 100 kOhm to 300 kOhm.

Comparative Example 1

The same experiment is carried out as in Example 1, with the difference that an interruption switching element of the same type is used, which, however, does not have a baffle and whose inside wall of the housing is protected by internal insulation.

After opening the housing of the interruption switching element used here, it can be stated that no liquid or silicone-moist extinguishing agent is present in the reaction chamber at the same high current load during the separation process and this has become very electrically conductive. A guarantee of the

Insulation resistance can with such a breaker switch therefore at high loads by separating very high overload currents at high

Operating voltages are not guaranteed to the same extent as at

Use of an interruption switching element according to the invention according to Example 1.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 interruption switch

2 housings

3 contact unit

4 first connection contact

5 second connection contact

6 separation area

7a outer reaction chamber

7b inner reaction chamber

8 coating / electrically conductive material

9 extinguishing agents

10 sabot

11a protective layer

11 b protective layer

12 baffle

13 electrically non-conductive screen

14 flange

15 flange

16 drive

17 collector

18 stuffer box

19 swage area

22 insulator element

23 sealing element (O-ring)

25 comparator

26 fuse

S switch

Claims

claims

1. interrupting switch (1), in particular for interrupting high

DC currents at high voltages,

(a) which can be transferred from a lead position to a release position, and

(B) that a housing (2), one within the housing (2) arranged

Reaction chamber (7a, b) and a main current path through the interruption switching member (1) defining contact unit (3), wherein the housing (2) surrounds the contact unit (3),

(c) wherein the contact unit (3) has a first (4) and a second (5)

Terminal contact and a separation region (6) which establishes an electrical connection between the first terminal contact (4) and the second terminal contact (5) in the conducting position of the interruption switching element (1),

(d) wherein the separation region (6) is arranged inside the reaction chamber (7a, b) which is filled with an extinguishing agent (9),

(E) wherein the separation region (6) is formed so that when the

Breaker switching element (1) is transferred from the Leitstellung in the disconnected position, the main current path between the first

Terminal contact (4) and the second terminal contact (5) is interrupted such that two separated ends of the separation area (6) are a separation distance away from each other, which is located within the extinguishing agent (9), characterized in that

(f) the interrupt switch (1) has a shunt current path in parallel with the main current path when an overvoltage occurs is capable of generating a shunt current flow between the first (4) and second (5) terminal contacts, which converts a portion of the electrical energy into thermal energy in a shunt resistor, the shunt resistance being controlled by the Is formed region of the housing through which the shunt current flows.

2. breaker switch (1) according to claim 1, wherein the

Shunt current path in the control position is closed or interrupted.

3. interrupting circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the disconnected position of the interruption switching member within the housing, an interruption of the bypass current path is provided with a separation distance t _2, which is bridged when the overvoltage occurs by an arc.

4. breaker switch (1) according to claim 3, wherein the separation distance t _{2 is} located within an extinguishing agent.

5. interrupting circuit breaker (1) according to claim 4, wherein the extinguishing means (9) in which the separation distance is t ₂ , the same extinguishing agent (9), in which the separation distance is located.

6. breaker switch (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the

Dividing lines and t _{2 are arranged} in the separation position within the same volume, which is filled with the extinguishing agent (9).

7. breaker switch (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the

Separation distance t _{2 is} located between the inner wall of the housing and an electrically conductive material in the interior of the interruption switching member, which is in the form of a coating on an insulating element of the

Interrupting circuit is present.

8. interruption circuit breaker (1) according to claim 7, wherein - in particular when the Shunt current path is present in the Leitstellung closed - the electrically conductive material (8) is a material that at least partially evaporated in electrical connection of the two terminal contacts (4, 5) by the bypass current path in the disconnected position of the interruption switching element, whereby the T rennstrecke t ₂ arises.

9. breaker switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the

Shunt current path across the housing (2) and the main current path in a spaced from the housing (2) current path runs.

10. Breaker circuit breaker (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the

Contact unit (3) has a sabot (10) or with a sabot (10) is in communication, which is designed such that it is movable by an applied pressure from an initial position to an end position, wherein in the end position of the sabot (10) the separation area (6) separated and the separation distance is formed.

11. breaker switch (1) according to claim 10, wherein the sabot

is arranged adjacent to the housing, and wherein the sabot is the electrically insulating element on which the coating of the electrically conductive material is present.

12. breaker switch (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the reaction chamber (7 a, b) on the housing inner wall, a baffle (12) is arranged so that it directs the arcing arc resulting after the separation and at the same time the inner wall of the housing in front of local

Melting by the foot of the arc (s) protects.