WO2023057008A1 - Unité d'allumage destinée à être utilisée dans des ensembles pyrotechniques - Google Patents

Unité d'allumage destinée à être utilisée dans des ensembles pyrotechniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023057008A1
WO2023057008A1 PCT/DE2022/100710 DE2022100710W WO2023057008A1 WO 2023057008 A1 WO2023057008 A1 WO 2023057008A1 DE 2022100710 W DE2022100710 W DE 2022100710W WO 2023057008 A1 WO2023057008 A1 WO 2023057008A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
ignition
sleeve
ignition unit
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2022/100710
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Lell
Original Assignee
Peter Lell
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter Lell filed Critical Peter Lell
Publication of WO2023057008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023057008A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts

Definitions

  • Ignition unit for insertion into pyrotechnic assemblies
  • the invention relates to the use of a pyrotechnic ignition unit for insertion into prefabricated electrically triggerable pyrotechnic assemblies which can be pyrotechnically switched, in particular electrical interrupting switching elements or electrical connecting switching elements, with the features of patent claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to an ignition unit with the features of patent claim 8 and an assembly with the ignition unit according to the invention with the features of claim 9.
  • Electrical interrupting or connecting switching elements can be found, for example, in power plant, automotive, railway, aircraft or marine technology, as well as in mechanical engineering in switch cabinets of machines, systems and in power plants for defined and rapid disconnection of electrical high-current circuits Use in an emergency or for targeted short-circuiting to avoid cable fires.
  • the requirement for such an interrupting switching element is that a high insulation resistance is reliably and permanently maintained after the interrupting function has been triggered.
  • connecting switching elements must be able to quickly reconnect a disconnected circuit in order, for example, to quickly dissipate capacitively stored energy or energy that is still present in a system when an emergency shutdown occurs.
  • the prior art already provides break and connection switching elements that are triggered by means of a pyrotechnic drive, as described, for example, in DE 10 2019 104 451 A1 or DE 102020 118279 A1.
  • the interrupting switching elements mentioned are generally used to switch off direct current at high currents and high voltages. This means that an arc, once it has occurred in or on the switch, does not extinguish by itself, but remains stable and vaporizes all materials in its effective area due to its extremely high temperature of several 1000°C and in addition to its extreme thermal effect and emitted radiant energy it also generates highly toxic gaseous substances. High voltage direct currents safe and Permanent disconnection is therefore much more difficult than disconnecting or switching off high-voltage alternating currents.
  • pyrotechnic fuses which are actively controlled to trigger.
  • a pyrotechnic material is actively controlled, which when activated leads to the interruption of the electrical circuit.
  • any material that converts into a deflagration or detonation is referred to as a pyrotechnic material.
  • pyrotechnic connecting switching elements which are intended to ensure very fast and reliable switching in order to be able to take energy out of the system in the event of a short circuit.
  • the pyrotechnic material In the production of the aforementioned pyrotechnically actuated assemblies, the pyrotechnic material must be built into the assemblies. Because of the stated requirements for these pyrotechnic assemblies, they have a very complex structure, so that production requires a certain amount of effort and a certain number of production steps.
  • the use of the pyrotechnic material means that the workplace or the production line must comply with the safety criteria for pyrotechnic material. It is therefore desirable to be able to carry out as many steps as possible in the production of the pyrotechnic assemblies without using the pyrotechnic material in order to keep workplace safety as high as possible and to keep the effort and costs as low as possible.
  • This object is the basis of the present invention, i.e. to produce a pyrotechnical interrupting switching element in the safest, cheapest and simplest possible way.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a pyrotechnic ignition unit for insertion into a prefabricated assembly that can be pyrotechnically switched, the ignition unit having the following components: (a) a deflagrating or detonative material,
  • primer pyrotechnic
  • pyrotechnic also referred to as TLX, Nonei, Shock-Tube
  • optical transmission line or direct laser radiation to ignite the primer
  • a sleeve surrounding components (a) and (b) with an opening on one side, the opening being closed with a sleeve closure which is designed in such a way that the sleeve closure provides a feed for the electrical connection, the ignition tube, the pyrotechnic or allows optical transmission line or laser irradiation into the interior of the sleeve.
  • the ignition means acts as a booster charge, which activates the deflagrating or detonating material.
  • the ignition unit that can be used according to the invention is a compact unit that can be manufactured separately from the prefabricated electrical assembly. This allows the assembly to be prefabricated initially at a workstation or assembly line that does not contain pyroelectric material, without having to comply with safety guidelines provided for workstations or assembly lines that use pyrotechnic materials.
  • a hose can be used as the pyrotechnic transfer charge, which hose has an inner hose, for example from the south, and an outer protective hose.
  • the inner hose is preferably lined internally with a powder mixture (e.g. a mixture of octogen and aluminum) which is capable of a dust explosion.
  • a powder mixture e.g. a mixture of octogen and aluminum
  • Such a powder mixture is preferably only ignitable by the combination of pressure and flame.
  • there is a non-return valve between the igniter acting as a booster charge and the pyrotechnic booster charge which allows the hot gas formed by the booster charge (igniter) to pass through, but retains the gas formed by the transmission line and thus closes the ignition unit off from the outside.
  • a glass fiber is preferably used as the optical transmission line, which extends to the ignition means acting as a transmission charge.
  • direct laser irradiation can also ignite the transfer charge.
  • the laser light is preferably bundled by a lens. Ignition of the booster charge by a laser diode located adjacent to the booster charge can also be used.
  • pyrotechnically switchable means here that the activation (ignition) of the deflagrating or detonatively converting material in an interrupting switching element separates an isolating area that connects two electrical connection contacts with one another, so that the interrupting switching element can be switched from a control position in which the two connection contacts are connected to one another, is transferred to a disconnected position in which the two connection contacts are separated from one another. It is also understood in a connection switching element that two electrical connection contacts are connected to one another, so that it is transferred from a disconnected position, in which the connection contacts are separated from one another, to a conductive position, in which the connection contacts are connected to one another.
  • a combustion chamber is preferably provided inside the prefabricated assemblies, into which the ignition unit can be pushed or screwed from the outside and thereby preferably closes the combustion chamber.
  • the size of the combustion chamber is designed such that it is essentially completely filled by the ignition unit.
  • the ignition unit that can be used according to the invention is designed in such a way that its sleeve rests essentially completely against the inner wall of the combustion chamber.
  • a detonatively converting material is used for pyrotechnically switching the electrical assembly.
  • This can be, for example, silver azide, nitropenta, hexogen, octogen or a mixture of these. This can be unbound or in bound form with a binder.
  • the detonatively converting material can be mixed, for example, with polystyrene or polycarbonate as a binder. A solvent for the polystyrene is then preferably added to this mixture and the resulting paste is dried to form a solid mass. Butyl acetate, for example, can be used as a solvent.
  • the ignition or ignition means for activating the deflagrating or detonatively converting material is preferably an agent which can be ignited electrically or by an ignition tube or by a pyrotechnic or optical transmission line or by laser irradiation.
  • the igniter differs from the deflagrating or detonating material in that it is designed to have a lower explosive power than the deflagrating or detonating material. Due to a lack of energy generation, it is not able to fulfill the task of the assembly on its own, ie it cannot disconnect the internal current path or close the internal connection path on its own. For this purpose, the deflagrating or detonatively converting material must be activated, which alone can generate the energy to achieve the task set for the assembly.
  • the igniter can be a very sensitive igniter that ignites when the energy introduced is 0.002 pJ or more.
  • the igniter can also be a sensitive igniter that ignites when the energy introduced is 0.25 pJ or more.
  • the igniter can also be a less sensitive igniter that only ignites when the energy introduced is 1 mJ or more (airbag igniter).
  • the ignition means can also be a mixture of different ignition materials. In contrast to this, the detonative or deflagrating ignited by a shock wave.
  • the prefabricated assembly is an electrical interrupting switching element, which has a housing, a first and a second electrical connection contact for supplying and discharging an electric current, and a contact unit guided through the housing, via which the first and second connection contact can be connected to one another are connected, having, wherein the contact unit inside the housing has a separating area, a sabot and a compression area, wherein the separating area is designed as a hollow cylinder or hollow prism, inside which the combustion chamber is located.
  • the assembly is preferably designed such that when the ignition unit is ignited, it interrupts a separation of the current flow from the first connection contact to the second connection contact through the contact unit, in that the isolating region is separated into two parts.
  • the module is transferred from a control position in which the separation area is not separated to a control position in which the separation area is separated.
  • the sleeve of the ignition unit is preferably made of a plastic material.
  • the sleeve can be made of an insulating material, e.g. POM.
  • POM insulating material
  • the prefabricated assembly is an electrical connection switching element, which has a housing, a first and a second electrical connection contact for supplying and removing an electric current, and a contact unit guided through the housing, via which the first and the second connection contact when activated, can be connected to one another via a pyrotechnically driven connector made of material with good electrical conductivity.
  • the assembly is transferred from a disconnected position, in which the connection area is disconnected, into a conducting position, in which the disconnected area remains as desired via a connecting element made of electrically highly conductive material or is only bridged for a short time.
  • the present invention also relates to a pyrotechnic ignition unit which can be pyrotechnically switched, the ignition unit having the following components:
  • primer (pyrotechnic) tube pyrotechnic (also known as TLX, Nonei, Shock-Tube), or optical transmission line, or direct laser radiation to ignite the primer or booster charge, and
  • a sleeve surrounding components (a) and (b) with an opening on one side, the opening being closed with a sleeve closure which is designed in such a way that the sleeve closure provides a feed for the electrical connection, the ignition tube, the pyrotechnic or allows optical transmission line or laser irradiation into the interior of the sleeve.
  • the ignition unit according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that it can be pushed or screwed into a combustion chamber of a prefabricated electrical assembly. Furthermore, the ignition unit according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that it essentially completely fills the space of the combustion chamber in a prefabricated electrical assembly. The ignition unit according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that its sleeve can rest essentially completely against the inner wall of the combustion chamber. All features that are mentioned here in relation to the use of the ignition unit according to the invention also apply equally to the ignition unit according to the invention and to the ignition unit described below in the electrical assembly according to the invention, and vice versa.
  • the present invention also relates to an assembly, in particular an electrical interrupting switching element, with a pyrotechnic ignition unit according to the invention, the assembly having a housing, a first and a second electrical connection contact for supplying and removing an electric current and a contact unit guided through the housing, via which the first and the second connection contact are connected to one another, wherein the contact unit has a separating area, a sabot and a compression area inside the housing, wherein the separating area is designed as a hollow cylinder or hollow prism, inside which there is a combustion chamber into which the pyrotechnic ignition unit is introduced.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic ignition unit.
  • Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a prefabricated assembly in the control position without an inserted ignition unit according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3a shows a longitudinal section through an assembly in the control position with a pyrotechnic ignition unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b shows a longitudinal section through an assembly according to FIG. 3a after ignition of the pyrotechnic ignition unit according to the present invention (disconnected position).
  • Figure 4a shows a longitudinal section through an assembly in the lead position with a pyrotechnic ignition unit with a reduced perimeter sabot according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4b shows a longitudinal section through an assembly according to FIG. 4a after ignition of the pyrotechnic ignition unit according to the present invention (disconnected position).
  • FIGS. 5a to 5d show longitudinal sections of pyrotechnic ignition units as in FIG. 1, but instead of the electrical connection/ignition cable in FIG. 5a a pyrotechnic transmission line, in FIG. 5b an optical transmission line and in FIGS. 5c and 5d a Have laser irradiation for igniting the igniter.
  • the ignition unit 1 shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 that can be inserted or screwed into a prefabricated assembly 2 .
  • the ignition unit 1 has a sleeve 6 with a length 6a.
  • the sleeve 6 is preferably closed on one side (left) and has an opening on the opposite side from the closed side (right). Adjacent to the closed side there is preferably an area with the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3.
  • the tip of the shock wave cone 8 preferably points in the direction of the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3.
  • the shock wave cone 8 can have a cone angle of between ⁇ 180° and 60°, with an angle of 90° being preferred.
  • the task of the shock wave cone is to reduce the volume of the combustion chamber 15 and to reflect the pressure surge or pressure wave emanating from the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3 after its ignition by 90° and direct it against the material of the separating region 20 .
  • the reduction in volume of the combustion chamber 15 results in a steeper rise in pressure and a higher maximum pressure than without a shock wave cone 8. This results in a stronger and faster rupture of the separation area 20.
  • the conical lateral surface of the shock wave cone 8 also reflects the pressure surge generated by the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3, which then hits the material of the separation area 20 directly. Without a shock wave cone 8 , the generated gas would first build up, losing energy in the thick central area of the separation area 20 .
  • the shock wave cone 8 can be made of aluminum, which converts like a fuel at high temperature and thus generates additional energy for the break-up process. This would not worsen the insulation resistance that prevails after the switching process, because the aluminum burns to form aluminum oxide, which in turn is a good non-conductor.
  • Adjacent to the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3 is an area with an ignition means 4, which is preferably a material that ignites when an electrical voltage is applied. If the ignition means 4 is ignited, it ignites the deflagrating or detonatively converting material 3.
  • the opening of the sleeve 6 is closed with a sleeve closure 7, which is preferably pushed or inserted into the opening of the sleeve 6 and preferably glued.
  • the sleeve closure 7 has a length 7a and is preferably made of a material such as PEEK or Torlon. As can be seen from FIG. 1, part of the sleeve closure 7 preferably protrudes into the sleeve.
  • the sleeve closure 7 preferably has an electrical connection or an ignition cable 5 which is fixed in a braided screw 11 by a casting 12 . Two wires 9 preferably protrude from the ignition cable 5 in the interior of the sleeve closure 7 up to the ignition means 4.
  • the ignition unit 1 preferably also has an external thread 14 running around the sleeve closure 7 , with which the ignition unit 1 can be screwed into an assembly 2 .
  • FIGS. 3a and 4a show assemblies 2 in the form of interrupting switching elements in their conducting position, specifically in FIG. 2 in the form of a prefabricated electrical assembly 2 without inserted pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 and in FIGS. 3a and 4a in the form an electrical assembly 2 according to the invention, in which the pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 is already integrated.
  • the assemblies 2 shown have a housing 16 which encloses a contact unit 19, parts of the contact unit 19 being located in the housing 16, and in particular the first and the second electrical connection contact 17 and 18 on opposite sides the housing 16 protrude.
  • the contact unit 19 has a length 19a.
  • the contact unit 19 is made of an electrically conductive material, preferably a metal.
  • the contact unit 19 On the side of the first connection contact 17, the contact unit 19 is preferably connected to the electrically conductive housing 16, ie the first connection contact is at housing potential. In contrast to this, the contact unit 19 on the side of the second connection contact 18 is insulated from the housing 16 by an insulator 25 .
  • This structure is a so-called reverse structure with regard to the application of the housing potential compared to the interrupting switching elements shown in the earlier DE 102016124176 A1, which, however, can equally be used according to the invention as prefabricated assemblies. With the present reverse structure, it is not necessary to design the sabot in two parts, ie with a surrounding electrically insulating material. The main advantage here is the saving of an expensive component, namely the second part of the sabot made of electrically insulating material.
  • the contact unit 19 has a combustion chamber 15 adjacent to the side of the second connection contact 18, which is preferably hollow-cylindrical or hollow-prismatic.
  • This combustion chamber 15 of the prefabricated electrical assembly 2 is preferably accessible from the outside from the side of the second connection contact 18, namely in that the contact unit 19 in the area of the second connection contact 18 is also designed as a hollow cylinder or hollow prism, the cavity of which is connected to the combustion chamber 15. In this way, the pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 can be pushed all the way into the combustion chamber 15 from the side of the second connection contact 18 .
  • the combustion chamber 15 is surrounded by a separating area 20, which tears open when the ignition unit 1 is ignited, so that the separating area 20 is separated into two parts, with the result that the contact unit 19 is converted into two parts.
  • the separating area 20 is preferably surrounded by a fluid chamber 23, in which a fluid, preferably an extinguishing agent for a possible electric arc between the two separated parts of the separating area 20, is located.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3a show an interrupting switching element 2 with a sabot 21, the outer diameter of which is significantly smaller than the inner diameter of the housing 16.
  • the inner insulation 24 of the housing 16 is significantly larger in the area in which the sabot 21 moves, so that the reduced sabot 21 is guided along this inner insulation 24 .
  • This embodiment has the advantage that with a similarly large fluid volume in the fluid chamber 23 as in FIG that there are fewer air pockets for a possible electric arc that it can use.
  • the inner diameter of the housing 16 can be reduced by a smaller outer diameter of the sabot 21 . Since this greatly reduces the pressure load on the housing 16, the thickness of the wall of the housing 16 can be reduced, as a result of which a considerable weight can be saved.
  • the interrupting switching elements 2 of FIGS. 2, 3a and 4a can have a first and/or a second insulation layer 26 and 27, so that the bare metal of the housing 16 or of the contact unit 19 is shielded. In this way, a possible arc cannot gain a foothold at these points, so that the arc stops in the middle of the housing 16 centrally between the separated parts of the separating region 20, so that as little as possible of the insulating fluid is destroyed.
  • NBR or EPDM are particularly suitable as the material for the first and second insulating layers 26 and 27 .
  • the inner insulation 24 of the housing 16 also has the same task.
  • Figures 3b and 4b show the assemblies 2 in the disconnected position, ie after the ignition of the ignition unit 1.
  • the separation of the separation area 20 and the movement of the sabot 21 enlarges the fluid chamber 23 to form the fluid chamber 23a and the compression area 22 is compressed.
  • the shock wave cone 8 of Ignition unit 1 remains here due to the strong resulting pressure on the end area 20a of the separating area 20 on the sabot side.
  • FIG. 5a shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 according to the invention as in FIG. 1, which however has a pyrotechnic transmission line 5a instead of the electrical connection/ignition cable 5, as described above.
  • the ignition unit 1 has a non-return valve 28 between the ignition means/the booster charge 4 and the pyrotechnic transmission line 5a, which has the effect described above.
  • FIG. 5b shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 according to the invention as in FIG. 1, but which has an optical transmission line 5b in the form of a glass fiber instead of the electrical connection/ignition cable 5.
  • FIG. 5b shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic ignition unit 1 according to the invention as in FIG. 1, but which has an optical transmission line 5b in the form of a glass fiber instead of the electrical connection/ignition cable 5.
  • FIG. 5c shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnical ignition unit 1 according to the invention as in FIG.
  • FIG. 5d shows a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnical ignition unit 1 according to the invention as in FIG.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne l'application d'une unité d'allumage pyrotechnique à utiliser dans un ensemble préfabriqué qui peut être commuté de manière pyrotechnique. L'unité d'allumage présente les composants suivants : (A) un matériau qui peut être déflagrant ou détoné, b) un allumeur pour activer le matériau qui peut être déflagrant ou détoné, (c) une liaison électrique, un (pyrotechnique) tube d'allumage, une ligne de transmission pyrotechnique ou optique, ou une capacité d'irradiation laser directe pour allumer l'allumeur, et (d) un manchon qui entoure les composants (a) et (b), comprenant une ouverture de face d'extrémité, l'ouverture étant fermée par une fermeture à manchon qui est conçue de telle sorte que la fermeture à manchon permette la connexion électrique, le tube d'allumage, la ligne de transmission pyrotechnique ou optique, ou le rayonnement laser à alimenter à l'intérieur du manchon. L'invention concerne également une unité d'allumage pyrotechnique, telle que celle utilisée dans l'application selon l'invention, et un ensemble comprenant une unité d'allumage pyrotechnique.
PCT/DE2022/100710 2021-10-04 2022-09-22 Unité d'allumage destinée à être utilisée dans des ensembles pyrotechniques WO2023057008A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021125711.5 2021-10-04
DE102021125711.5A DE102021125711A1 (de) 2021-10-04 2021-10-04 Zündeinheit zum Einsetzen in pyrotechnische Baugruppen

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WO2023057008A1 true WO2023057008A1 (fr) 2023-04-13

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WO (1) WO2023057008A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803374A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-04-09 France Etat Pyrotechnic circuit maker or breaker
US20060027120A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2006-02-09 Smith Bradley W Assemblies including extendable, reactive charge-containing actuator devices
DE202016106931U1 (de) * 2016-12-13 2016-12-29 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102016124176A1 (de) 2016-12-13 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102019104451A1 (de) 2019-02-21 2019-04-11 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit einem rohrförmigen Trennelement mit variierender Wandstärke
DE102020118279B3 (de) 2020-07-10 2021-07-22 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Verbindung zweier Bauteile mittels Passungen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803374A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-04-09 France Etat Pyrotechnic circuit maker or breaker
US20060027120A1 (en) * 2002-07-11 2006-02-09 Smith Bradley W Assemblies including extendable, reactive charge-containing actuator devices
DE202016106931U1 (de) * 2016-12-13 2016-12-29 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102016124176A1 (de) 2016-12-13 2017-01-26 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE202017106261U1 (de) * 2016-12-13 2017-11-28 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied, insbesondere zum Unterbrechen von hohen Strömen bei hohen Spannungen
DE102019104451A1 (de) 2019-02-21 2019-04-11 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit einem rohrförmigen Trennelement mit variierender Wandstärke
DE102020118279B3 (de) 2020-07-10 2021-07-22 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Verbindung zweier Bauteile mittels Passungen

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