WO2023028634A1 - Dispositif de séparation sécurisée d'un accumulateur de courant haute tension - Google Patents

Dispositif de séparation sécurisée d'un accumulateur de courant haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023028634A1
WO2023028634A1 PCT/AT2022/060301 AT2022060301W WO2023028634A1 WO 2023028634 A1 WO2023028634 A1 WO 2023028634A1 AT 2022060301 W AT2022060301 W AT 2022060301W WO 2023028634 A1 WO2023028634 A1 WO 2023028634A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
pyrotechnic
conductor
disconnecting
actuator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2022/060301
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Lichtenberg
Patrick LÖFFLER
Original Assignee
Miba Emobility Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Miba Emobility Gmbh filed Critical Miba Emobility Gmbh
Publication of WO2023028634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023028634A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle, with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and/or a motor and/or generator and/or charging device, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device for quickly disconnecting the electrical line is set up between the high-voltage power storage device and the intermediate circuit and/or the motor and/or the generator and/or the charging device.
  • Safety devices for separating high-voltage current storage devices in vehicles are known from the prior art, in order to prevent injury to those involved in the accident or to the people involved in the clean-up work, particularly in the event of an accident with deformation of the body of the vehicle.
  • an electric shock or the outbreak of a fire can result from an unwanted short circuit or uncontrolled contact between the vehicle parts and live parts of the vehicle drive.
  • suitable disconnecting devices are used in order - in the event of an accident or other fault - to disconnect the high-voltage power storage unit from the vehicle's live installations as quickly as possible.
  • separating devices often work with pyrotechnic material and are designed as so-called pyrotechnic separators, with a pyrotechnic charge and a corresponding working medium building up pressure and thus activating a separating mechanism that leads to the separation of one or more electrical lines.
  • a pyrotechnic switch is disclosed, a predetermined separation point of an electrical conductor being separated.
  • a safety method for a hybrid or electric vehicle is known from the publication WO2018/091308A1, it being taught that in addition to physically separating an accumulator from an HV intermediate circuit, this HV intermediate circuit is discharged.
  • high-voltage networks and corresponding high-voltage components are arranged in vehicles. This is used, for example, to operate converters, cooling units and/or heaters.
  • damage to these high-voltage networks can also pose a risk. For example, in the event of an accident, insufficient shielding could damage a low-voltage component or even injure people.
  • Energy is also stored in such high-voltage networks, since differently arranged components represent, for example, capacitive and/or inductive loads.
  • the inventive object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
  • a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle with a pyrotechnic disconnecting device, a capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and/or a motor and/or generator and/or charging device, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device is set up for quickly disconnecting the electrical line between the high-voltage power storage unit and the intermediate circuit and/or the motor and/or the generator and/or the charging device and the device is characterized in that a controllable contact device is provided integrated into the device, which is the pyrotechnic Separating device is juxtaposed and contacted when tripping a, especially separate, conductor of the line and connects it to a discharge circuit.
  • a discharge resistor in the discharge circuit which is set up for discharging the intermediate circuit and/or the charging device, in particular a charging device-related energy store.
  • the contact device or the closer mechanism used for it can be triggered separately, for example, by a pyrotechnical ignition device and can therefore be switched on once.
  • the contact device has a contact piece that can be accelerated by firing an actuator to produce the contact.
  • the separating device has a piston which can be accelerated by a pyrotechnic charge in order to separate the point of separation of the electrical line.
  • the piston and the pyrotechnic charge are arranged in such a way that the piston can be accelerated in a first direction during the separation process.
  • the contact piece and the actuator are arranged in such a way that the contact piece can be accelerated in a second direction during the contact process, and the first and second directions are oriented axially in opposite directions.
  • the piston has, on its side facing away from the point of separation, a counter-surface for contacting by the contact piece when the contact is made.
  • the contact device has a pyrotechnic ignition device with ignition contacts as an actuator.
  • the ignition contacts are set up in such a way that the electrical contact between the separated conductor and the discharge circuit can be established with at least one of the ignition contacts.
  • the contact device has an electromagnetic actuator as the actuator.
  • the contact piece is arranged in a conductive sleeve and, when the contact piece makes contact with the, in particular, separated, conductor via a connection between the contact piece and the conductive sleeve, the electrical contact is between the, in particular, separated, conductor and the discharge circuit can be produced via the conductive sleeve.
  • the separating device and the contact device are arranged in a common housing.
  • the contact device is arranged in a cavity of one of the conductors of the isolating device.
  • the contact device can be controlled and/or triggered independently of the separating device.
  • a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery in a vehicle with a pyrotechnic disconnection device, an at least partially capacitive and/or inductive intermediate circuit and a motor/generator, the pyrotechnic disconnection device being arranged between the high-voltage battery and the intermediate circuit and is set up for quickly separating the high-voltage power storage device from the intermediate circuit and a discharge resistor is also provided, the discharge resistor being set up for discharging the intermediate circuit, characterized in that the discharge resistor is an NTC resistor.
  • NTC resistors Temperature-dependent resistors with a negative temperature coefficient are referred to as NTC resistors or NTC thermistors.
  • NTC resistors conduct electricity better at higher temperatures than at low temperatures. In the event of a load when a voltage is applied, the cold NTC resistor conducts only little current due to its high resistance. As operation continues, the NTC resistor heats up, reducing its electrical resistance and increasing the current flow.
  • NTC resistors are usually made of metal oxides such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), ZnTiO4 and magnesium dichromate (MgCr2O4). NTC resistors are usually characterized by their resistance at 25°C (R25).
  • a temperature-dependent resistor is particularly advantageous because the discharge contact can be closed very early. A discharge is thus already possible during the occurrence of an arc when the primary contact is opened by the pyrotechnic igniter. While the arc that occurs at or in the area of the separation point of the primary contact is being extinguished, the discharge contact can already be contacted.
  • This chronological sequence leads to energy inputs, in particular partial energy inputs from the battery and/or the intermediate circuit and/or other energies stored in the vehicle, for example inductances, in the discharge circuit at a particularly early point in time after the release function has been triggered, in order to be at least partially dissipated via the discharge resistor become.
  • the contact for contacting the discharge circuit or the discharge resistor is protected during the switching process and/or the current load on the resistor is reduced.
  • intermediate circuit voltages of up to 1000V can be processed by the discharge resistor. Since the operating voltages of the energy storage devices are likely to be further increased in the course of further technical developments, particularly in electric vehicles, the subject matter of the invention is of great technical and economic importance.
  • the lower peak power loading of the discharge circuit results in lower necessary heat capacities and more time for heat dissipation, whereby a smaller installation space of the discharge circuit and/or smaller line cross sections are made possible.
  • the present device results from the discharge of the intermediate circuit via the discharge resistor according to the invention and the Load of the other energy sources an increase in temperature of the discharge resistor and thus a reduction in resistance. According to a special embodiment, this leads to faster discharging of the intermediate circuit and thus to a reduction in the discharging times of the intermediate circuit.
  • the discharge resistor has a nominal resistance ⁇ Ikfi at ambient temperature.
  • the discharge resistor has a resistance of ⁇ 10 ⁇ at 200°C.
  • the resistor withstands voltage loads of up to 1000V.
  • the discharge resistor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid for cooling. This can ensure improved heat dissipation and thus better cooling of the discharge resistor.
  • the NTC resistor is preceded in series by a series resistor, in particular a fixed resistor, for example an ohmic resistor.
  • a series resistor in particular a fixed resistor, for example an ohmic resistor.
  • various types of linear/ohmic or non-linear series resistors are possible as series resistors.
  • the invention is characterized by a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage battery, the pyrotechnic disconnecting device being designed to disconnect a primary connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being provided for connection to the high-voltage battery and the second conductor is provided for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnic separation device, and a third conductor is provided, the pyrotechnic separation device being designed in such a way that that after separating the first from the second conductor, the second conductor can be connected to a third conductor to make a secondary connection, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor.
  • the third conductor is provided as a series resistor with a predetermined electrical resistance value in front of the discharge resistor. According to a particular embodiment, the third conductor at least partially forms the series resistor.
  • a cooling device for example a heat sink
  • the third conductor is at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid in the cooling device.
  • the third conductor and the discharge resistor are jointly embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid. This is particularly advantageous when the third conductor is designed as a series resistor.
  • the third conductor and/or the series resistor and/or the discharge resistor are each at least partially embedded in a cooling gas and/or a cooling liquid.
  • the pyrotechnical isolating device is designed to separate a connection of a first conductor from a second conductor, the first conductor being suitable for connection to the high-voltage power storage device and the second conductor being suitable for connection to at least one consumer connected downstream of the pyrotechnical isolating device and the pyrotechnic separating device is designed to separate the first from the second conductor, which is offset in time, connecting the second conductor to a third conductor, the third conductor being suitable for connection to the discharge resistor.
  • contact can be made with the discharge resistor while the arc of the separating device is still active.
  • this is characterized by a method for using a device according to the invention, in which, after the primary connection has been disconnected, the secondary connection is interrupted in a time interval of at most 3 ms, preferably at most 1.5 ms, particularly preferably at most 0. 5 ms is established.
  • the point in time at which the conductor is contacted by the contact piece can be freely selected, since this can be triggered separately.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of a schematic circuit diagram for a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device when the disconnecting device has not been triggered
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device when the disconnecting device has been triggered and the contact device has not been triggered
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a device for safely disconnecting a high-voltage power storage device when the disconnecting device and the contact device have been triggered
  • Fig. 1 part of a circuit diagram of a device for safe disconnection of a high-voltage power storage is shown schematically.
  • This high-voltage power storage device 11 is connected via a pyrotechnic disconnecting device 12 to a high-voltage network, which is shown in simplified form by a capacitor 13 in the schematic representation.
  • This high-voltage network (intermediate circuit) can, for example, as Be designed part of an inverter circuit. Also not shown is a motor/generator, which can also be part of the high-voltage network.
  • a discharge resistor 16 can be connected as part of a discharge circuit via a suitable switching mechanism 14, which in turn can be controlled, for example, via a suitable triggering mechanism 15.
  • the discharge resistor 16 is switched into a discharge circuit with the capacity 13 by the switching mechanism 14 before, during or after the separation of the high-voltage storage device 11 from the capacity 13 by the pyrotechnic separation device 12 .
  • the energy stored in the capacitor 13 can be dissipated via the discharge resistor 16 .
  • the discharge resistor 16 is designed as an NTC resistor or fixed-value resistor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of a pyrotechnic separating device 12 as a fuse 1 for separating two electrical conductors.
  • a first conductor 2 is provided which is connected to a second conductor 5 in the configuration shown in FIG. The two conductors are connected via the piston 3 and the conductor section 4 of the second conductor and a connecting region 6 of the first conductor.
  • a pyrotechnic ignition device 9 is arranged inside the first conductor and can be actively controlled and ignited via 2 contacts 10 .
  • the connecting area 6, which is designed as a hollow cylinder with a thin cross section, is separated by the triggering of the pyrotechnic ignition device.
  • the piston 3 is moved in the direction of the second conductor 5 as a result of this separation and the pressure produced by the pyrotechnic ignition device and the arc.
  • the separation of the first conductor 2 from the second conductor 5 creates an arc in the separation area of the connection area 6 .
  • An arc extinguishing medium 8, in particular silicone oil, is arranged in this area for the purpose of extinguishing the arc.
  • the arc extinguishing medium 8 evaporates, as a result of which the internal pressure in this area increases and this pressure acts on the piston 3 and a sabot 18 .
  • This causes the movement of the piston 3, the sabot 18 and thus the deformation and/or folding of the intermediate piece 4 in the direction of the second conductor 5 causes.
  • the arc-extinguishing medium 8 in particular the silicone oil, on the other hand, the arc that may occur is extinguished.
  • the fuse also has a contact device 17 .
  • the contact device 17 and the pyrotechnic separation device 12 are accommodated in a common housing 25 .
  • a particularly compact design of such a fuse 1 is thus possible.
  • the contact device is a pyrotechnical contact device 17, which has a contact piece 19 and a further pyrotechnical ignition device 20, which in turn is controlled via control contacts 21 and is thus triggered.
  • a different type of actuator can be used instead of the pyrotechnic ignition device.
  • an electromagnetic actuator for example an electromagnetic coil, can be used to accelerate contact piece 19, in particular by repelling it.
  • the pyrotechnical contactor 17 is in a non-triggered state.
  • the pyrotechnic separation device 1 is shown after it has been triggered.
  • the time-staggered contacting takes place according to the following sequence: First, the pyrotechnic ignition device 9 separates the connection area 6 of the first conductor. Due to the resulting pressure, the piston 3 is displaced in the direction of the discharge contact 17.
  • connection area 6 The separation of the connection area 6 and thus the connection of the first conductor 2 to the second conductor 5 forms an arc.
  • This arc drives the sabot 18 with the piston 3 in the direction of the pyrotechnic contact device 17.
  • the conductor section 4 is thereby deformed, as can be seen in FIG. If the fuse 1 trips, the high-voltage power storage device is thus disconnected, ie the first conductor 2 is disconnected from the second conductor 5 .
  • activation of the pyrotechnical contact device is now desired.
  • FIG. 1 the state after ignition of the pyrotechnic ignition device 20 is shown.
  • the ignition of the pyrotechnic ignition device generates a pressure pulse which accelerates the contact piece 19 in a direction of the piston 3, whereupon the contact piece 19 a Mating surface 22 contacted at the back of the piston.
  • a discharge path which is connected to the discharge resistor 16 results via the piston, the contact piece, a sleeve 23, the preferably metallic casing 24 of the pyrotechnic ignition device, and at least one of the control contacts of the pyrotechnic ignition device 21.
  • the sleeve 23 is cut by means of an insulation 26 from Leiterab 4 separated or isolated. Due to the high currents and inductances that occur in electric vehicles, the disconnecting device produces an arc that takes time to extinguish. If the discharging via the discharging resistor is already carried out during this erasing process, the discharging resistor is subjected to a high load, with a possible shortening of the total discharging time.
  • the fuse presented thus forms not only the pyrotechnic separation device 12 but also the function of the switch 14 and its control 15 . In the primary application of the fuse 1, the high-voltage power storage device is first disconnected, ie the first conductor 2 is disconnected from the second conductor 5. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1, the discharge circuit is closed.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b Further possible embodiments of the contact device 17 are shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
  • Fig. 5a an embodiment is shown schematically in which, when contact is made with the conductor 4 through the contact piece 19, a conductive connection is established via the contact piece 19, the sleeve 23 via at least part of the metallic shell 24 of the squib 20 and via the squib contact 21 with the Discharge circuit (not shown) is produced.
  • the sleeve 23 is insulated from the conductor 4 by an insulating insert 26 .
  • the contact device has not yet been triggered, which is why the contact piece 19 is still shown in its initial position.
  • Figure 5b an embodiment is shown schematically, in which the sleeve 23 is used as a conductor.
  • FIG. 5a Parts that are functionally the same are denoted by the same reference symbols as in FIG. 5a. Also shown in this figure is a discharge resistor 27 as part of the discharge circuit, suitably connected to the conductive sleeve 23 . Furthermore, the attachment 28 of the squib in the sleeve 23 can be seen from the schematic drawing.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de séparation sécurisée d'un accumulateur de courant haute tension (11) dans un véhicule, comprenant un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique (12), un circuit intermédiaire capacitif et/ou inductif (13) et/ou un moteur et/ou un générateur et/ou un dispositif de charge, le dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique étant conçu pour séparer rapidement la ligne électrique entre l'accumulateur de courant haute tension et le circuit intermédiaire et/ou le moteur et/ou le générateur et/ou le dispositif de charge. Ce dispositif est caractérisé par un dispositif de contact commandable intégré qui est coordonné au dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique et qui, en cas de déclenchement, établit un contact avec un conducteur de la ligne, en particulier séparé, et le relie à un circuit de décharge (16).
PCT/AT2022/060301 2021-09-03 2022-09-01 Dispositif de séparation sécurisée d'un accumulateur de courant haute tension WO2023028634A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT507022021 2021-09-03
ATA50702/2021 2021-09-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023028634A1 true WO2023028634A1 (fr) 2023-03-09

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WO (1) WO2023028634A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100328014A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Electric circuit breaker apparatus for vehicle
US20130033796A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-07 Shea John J Insulated arc flash arrester
WO2018091308A1 (fr) 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de sûreté, dispositif pour sa mise en œuvre et véhicule hybride ou électrique
WO2018091307A1 (fr) 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur pyrotechnique et système de décharge à circuit intermédiaire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100328014A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2010-12-30 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Electric circuit breaker apparatus for vehicle
US20130033796A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-07 Shea John J Insulated arc flash arrester
WO2018091308A1 (fr) 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de sûreté, dispositif pour sa mise en œuvre et véhicule hybride ou électrique
WO2018091307A1 (fr) 2016-11-15 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur pyrotechnique et système de décharge à circuit intermédiaire

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