WO2019148812A1 - 喷扩挤压组合桩及其施工方法和该方法使用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机 - Google Patents

喷扩挤压组合桩及其施工方法和该方法使用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019148812A1
WO2019148812A1 PCT/CN2018/101264 CN2018101264W WO2019148812A1 WO 2019148812 A1 WO2019148812 A1 WO 2019148812A1 CN 2018101264 W CN2018101264 W CN 2018101264W WO 2019148812 A1 WO2019148812 A1 WO 2019148812A1
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Prior art keywords
pile
drill pipe
diameter
spray
spiral
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PCT/CN2018/101264
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李金良
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山东倍特力地基工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 山东倍特力地基工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 山东倍特力地基工程技术有限公司
Priority to US16/962,439 priority Critical patent/US11299864B2/en
Publication of WO2019148812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148812A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/003—Drilling with mechanical conveying means
    • E21B7/005—Drilling with mechanical conveying means with helical conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/003—Injection of material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to concrete piles, and more particularly to an in-situ poured concrete pile, a construction method, and a drilling machine.
  • the applicant's invention patent application CN201710434805.0 and utility model patent ZL 201720669956.X propose a spiral sprinkler extrusion assembly device, including a hollow drill pipe, a power head and a multi-functional deflector, and the upper end of the hollow drill pipe is powered.
  • the head is provided with a straight pipe joint on the side of the power head.
  • the side of the straight pipe joint is connected with a bent pipe.
  • the upper end of the straight pipe joint is equipped with a multi-functional deflector.
  • the side of the multi-function deflector is provided with a through-flux joint and a venting joint.
  • the hollow drill pipe is installed with high pressure grouting (slurry, gas or slurry, gas, water) pipe from top to bottom, and the lower end of the high pressure grouting (pulp, gas or slurry, gas, water) pipe is arranged.
  • Layer grouting (slurry, gas or slurry, gas, water) nozzles a drill bit is installed at the bottom of the hollow drill pipe, a hinged flap is mounted on the plane of the drill pipe center pipe at the lower end of the drill bit, and a limited baffle is arranged on the back of the hinged valve
  • the open side of the hinged flap is provided with a latch type locker, and the lower surface of the hinged flap is provided with a drill tip.
  • the device can be used for making sprinkler extrusion composite piles.
  • the applicant's invention patent application CN201710183031.9 and utility model patent ZL201720295981.6 propose a sprinkler-squeezing and extruding composite pile, and the combined pile main body includes a pile cap, a pile body and an expanded diameter body in order from top to bottom, a pile cap, The pile body and the enlarged diameter body are integrated.
  • the pile cap is a super-flow concrete pile cap which is formed by the outer drill pipe of the pressure-converting inverted cone-step type drill pipe.
  • the pile body is a polygon sprayed with high-pressure cement slurry, and is vibrated by a drill pipe to form a polygonal super-flow concrete pile body.
  • the expanded diameter body is a high-pressure rotary-jet inverted frustum-type rigid expanded body that is subjected to a vibration of a drill bit to squeeze a super-flow concrete to form a concrete enlarged head and is surrounded by a layer of compacted cement soil and concrete.
  • the utility model has the advantages that: a cement concrete mixed with concrete is extruded outside the large concrete frustum type head at the pile end, and the outer side is a compact soil layer, and the pile body is sprayed into a polygonal type to increase the frictional area of the pile side.
  • the lower reinforcement cage in the super-flow concrete in the pile hole forms the soil layer around the inner hole of the "super-flow concrete" compaction pile, which is the sprinkling and pressing combined pile, which can improve the bearing capacity of the single pile.
  • the expanded body is located at the extreme end of the pile, that is, the position of the pile end, the application range of the composite pile is greatly limited.
  • the depth of the layer is shallow, and the composite pile is located at the pile end due to the expansion of the pile, so that the bearing capacity of the single pile cannot meet the design requirements. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgent to improve the composite pile, the construction method and the drilling machine used in the above patent.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a spray-expanded composite pile.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a construction method of the above composite pile.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a spiral spray expansion extrusion rig.
  • a spray-expanded composite pile with high bearing capacity the pile body is composed of a pile body, an enlarged diameter body and a pile end, wherein the pile body is provided with at least one double-cone-shaped expansion diameter integrally formed with the pile body body.
  • the spray-expanded composite pile according to the present invention wherein the enlarged diameter body is located at a position of a bearing layer having a high deformation modulus and a shear strength in a vertical direction of the pile body, and the pile body is provided with at least two A block that is evenly distributed circumferentially and substantially perpendicular to the axis of the pile.
  • the diameter of the pile above the enlarged diameter body is greater than or equal to the diameter of the pile below the expanded diameter body.
  • the angle ⁇ between the lower slope of the enlarged diameter body and the central axis of the pile body is ⁇ 10° to ⁇ 80°.
  • the spray-expanded composite pile according to the present invention wherein the wing has a width of 5 to 25 cm and a thickness of 2 to 12 cm.
  • the construction method of the spray-expanded composite pile of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the spiral spray expansion extrusion drilling machine used in the construction method according to any one of the inventions comprises a spiral hollow drill pipe, a power head, and a high pressure grouting pipe is installed on the outer wall or the inner wall side of the spiral hollow drill pipe core tube from top to bottom.
  • the spiral hollow drill pipe comprises an upper drill pipe and a lower drill pipe, wherein the upper drill pipe and the lower drill pipe are integrally connected by a flange, and the radius of the spiral blade of the upper drill pipe is larger than the radius of the spiral blade of the lower drill pipe
  • the lower end of the high-pressure grouting pipe is provided with a multi-layer grouting nozzle, and each grouting sprinkler is located below the outer edge of the spiral blade at the bottom of the upper drill pipe.
  • the spiral spray expansion drilling rig wherein the number of layers of the grouting nozzle is 2-10 layers.
  • each layer of the grouting nozzle is provided with 1-6 nozzles, each of which has a bearing pressure of 2-40 MPa, wherein in the soil layer, preferably 25 MPa,
  • the sand layer is preferably 20 MPa.
  • the spiral spray expansion extrusion drilling machine of the present invention wherein the spacing between adjacent upper and lower grouting nozzles is 5 to 30 cm, wherein 15 cm is preferably in the soil layer, and 20 cm in the sand layer, each layer.
  • the horizontal spacing between adjacent nozzles in the grouting nozzle is 1 to 6 cm, wherein it is preferably 2 to 4 cm in the soil layer, 4 to 6 cm in the sand layer, and 2 to 10 mm in diameter.
  • the spiral spray expansion rotary drilling machine wherein the number of layers of the grouting nozzle is three, and each nozzle has two nozzles, and the diameter of the nozzle is 2 mm.
  • the pile type of the composite pile concentrates on the advantages of various advanced pile types such as jet grouting pile, pressure grouting pile, inverted cone step pile, grouting pile, and spray wing sheet pile; and innovates a special drilling machine, which can use multi-layer nozzle high pressure.
  • a special drilling machine which can use multi-layer nozzle high pressure.
  • the "spray-expanded composite pile with high bearing capacity" inverted cone type expansion body is preferably selected on the geological report pile body layer to have a relatively high deformation modulus and high shear strength soil layer. .
  • the structural load of the upper part of the pile is first transmitted to the pressure-filled concrete core pile, and the core pile is transmitted to the cement soil through the bonding force between the cement soil and the core pile, and then the cement soil passes through the compacted soil layer.
  • the bonding force between the high-pressure cement slurry is transmitted to the compacted soil layer or the permeable layer (so that the transition from the core pile to the soil through the cement soil forms a strong, medium and weak gradual process, which constitutes a high intermediate strength.
  • the load-transfer pile structure with low peripheral strength and reasonable load increases the area of the pile side, transforms the frictional force between the original pile and soil into the shear force of the soil layer outside the compacted soil layer, and pulls the soil around the pile. Sink together.
  • the spray-expanded composite pile-expanding body has a large supporting force. If the double-cone-shaped expanding body has a bearing capacity greater than the pile body breaking bearing capacity, and the micro-deformation, the single The bearing capacity of the pile is the failure bearing force of the pile body, and the settlement deformation is the elastic deformation of the pile body.
  • the present invention uses a special drilling rig with a multi-layer nozzle on a concrete pile body or a pile end to produce a double-cone-shaped expansion body composed of concrete and cement soil, and the pile diameter above the expanded diameter body is greater than or equal to that under the expanded diameter body.
  • the pile diameter and the upper diameter of the enlarged diameter body are sprayed with the wing plate composed of cement soil and concrete, and the friction resistance area is not simply increased, but the cement slurry of the fixed spray wing plate fills the entire pile body, and after being squeezed by the drill pipe, Play the role of post-grouting.
  • the spiral hollow drill pipe of the drilling machine of the present invention is divided into upper and lower sections, and the diameter of the upper section is larger than the diameter of the lower section, which can facilitate the production of the expanded diameter body at any desired position.
  • the expanded diameter body is located in the upper part or the middle part of the composite pile, if the pile diameter above the expanded diameter body is larger than the pile diameter below the expanded diameter body, the amount of concrete can be greatly saved.
  • the concrete can be drilled and pressure-filled, the multi-layer nozzle can be sprayed with a double-cone-shaped expansion body, and the pile body flap can be fixed.
  • the drilling machine is used to form piles, the process is simple, and the cost is simple. Low, suitable for a variety of geological conditions, can produce special pile type of double-cone-shaped expansion body in different positions of pile body, simple structure, high bearing capacity of single pile, fast construction speed and good quality.
  • the composite pile of the invention can ensure and improve the bearing capacity of the pile to reduce deformation, and can save the amount of concrete and reduce the construction cost.
  • the outstanding features of the invention are: a rig that innovates a special multi-layer nozzle, a subterranean soil layer at a high pressure multiple re-spraying frustum, and an inverted cone-shaped wedge-shaped expansion body, due to the slope of the soil and the base
  • the restraining effect of the resistance on the lateral displacement of the base soil, the deeper the buried end of the pile, the greater the constraint on the wedge-shaped base, and the large and the passive earth pressure support under the cone and the surrounding Only change the process and equipment, under the same geological conditions and material usage, can increase the bearing capacity of single pile by 2 to 5 times. The deformation is small and the process is simple.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a spiral spray expansion extrusion rig
  • FIG. 2 (a) is a partial enlarged view of the connection position of the upper drill pipe and the lower drill pipe; (b) is a top perspective view of the 3-layer grouting nozzle;
  • FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of Fig. 3d, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Fig. 3d, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Fig. 3d, ( d) is a schematic view of the composite pile structure and a sectional view of each part of the enlarged diameter body in the middle of the composite pile;
  • FIG. 4 (a) to (d) are schematic diagrams showing the construction steps of the composite pile of Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 in Fig. 5d, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Fig. 5d, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Fig. 5d, ( d) is a schematic view of the composite pile structure and a cross-sectional view of each part of the enlarged diameter body in the middle of the composite pile.
  • a spiral spray expansion extrusion rig includes a spiral hollow drill pipe 1, a power head 2, and a spiral high-pressure grouting pipe 5 is installed on the outer wall side of the core tube of the spiral hollow drill pipe from top to bottom.
  • the spiral hollow drill pipe 1 comprises an upper drill pipe 3 and a lower drill pipe 4, wherein the upper drill pipe 3 and the lower drill pipe 4 are integrally connected by a flange, and the radius of the spiral blade of the upper drill pipe 3 is larger than the spiral of the lower drill pipe 4.
  • the radius of the blade, the lower end of the high pressure grouting pipe 5 is provided with a plurality of grouting nozzles 6, each of which is located below the outer edge of the spiral blade at the bottom of the upper drill pipe 3.
  • the number of layers of the grouting nozzle 6 is three, and is welded to the last three layers of spiral blades at the bottom of the upper drill pipe 3. There are two nozzles on each layer of grouting nozzles 6; the pressure of each nozzle is 2-40 MPa.
  • the spacing between adjacent upper and lower grouting nozzles 6 is 20 cm; the horizontal spacing between adjacent nozzles in each of the grouting nozzles 6 is 4 cm, and the diameter of the nozzles is 2 mm.
  • the number of layers of the grouting nozzle 6 may be 2-10 layers according to actual construction requirements.
  • Each layer of the grouting nozzle 6 can be provided with 1-6 nozzles, and the pressure of each nozzle is set to 2-40 MPa.
  • the spacing between adjacent upper and lower grouting nozzles 6 may be 5 to 30 cm, and the horizontal spacing between adjacent nozzles in each of the grouting nozzles 6 may be 1 to 6 cm, and the diameter of the nozzle may be 2 - 10mm.
  • a spray-expanded composite pile with high bearing capacity the pile body is composed of a pile body 101, an enlarged diameter body 103 and a pile end 106, and the pile body 101 is provided with a pile body integrally formed with the pile body 101.
  • a steel cage is provided in the pile body.
  • the double-cone shape is a structure in which the middle portion is large and the upper and lower sides are gradually reduced.
  • the enlarged diameter body 103 is located on the sand layer at the position of the pile body 101.
  • the pile body 101 is provided with a wing plate 102 substantially perpendicular to the axis of the pile body, and each layer of the wing plates 102 is three pieces and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the flap 102 has a width of 5 to 25 cm and a thickness of 2 to 12 cm.
  • the diameter of the pile above the enlarged diameter body 103 is larger than the diameter of the pile below the expanded diameter body 103.
  • the angle ⁇ between the lower slope of the enlarged diameter body 103 and the center axis of the pile body is ⁇ 10° to ⁇ 80°.
  • the expanded diameter body 103 is a high-pressure rotary-jet double-cone-shaped rigid expanded body that is extruded by super-flowing concrete through a drill bit to form a concrete enlarged head 105 and is surrounded by a layer of compacted cement soil 104 and concrete.
  • the lifting speed of the drill pipe may be 6 to 60 cm/min; and the double frustum-shaped expanding body The height can be 0.5 to 3.0 m.
  • the lifting speed of the drill pipe may be 0.5 to 2 m/min.
  • a spray-expansion composite pile having a high bearing capacity the pile body is composed of a pile body 201, an enlarged diameter body 203, a pile body 206, an expanded diameter body 208 and a pile end 211, and the enlarged diameter body
  • Both the 203 and the expanded diameter body 208 are in the shape of a double frustum, and are integrally formed with the pile body.
  • a steel cage is provided in the pile body.
  • the double-cone shape is a structure in which the middle portion is large and the upper and lower sides are gradually reduced.
  • the expanded diameter body 203 and the expanded diameter body 208 are located at a position of the bearing layer having a high shear strength in the vertical direction of the pile body.
  • the pile body 201 and the pile body 206 are each provided with a pair of wings (202, 207) substantially perpendicular to the axis of the pile body, each of which has three wings and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the wings have a width of 5 to 25 cm and a thickness of 2 to 12 cm.
  • the maximum diameter of the pile above the expanded diameter body 203 is larger than the maximum diameter of the pile below the expanded diameter body 203.
  • the maximum diameter of the pile above the expanded diameter body 208 is equal to the maximum diameter of the pile below the expanded diameter body 208.
  • the angle ⁇ between the lower inclined surface of the expanded diameter body 203 and the expanded diameter body 208 and the central axis of the pile body is ⁇ 10° to ⁇ 80°.
  • the expanded diameter body 203 is a high-pressure rotary-jet double-cone-shaped rigid-shaped expanded body which is subjected to a vibration of a drill bit to squeeze super-flow concrete to form a concrete enlarged head 205 and is surrounded by a layer of compacted cement soil 204 and concrete.
  • the expanded diameter body 208 is a high-pressure rotary-jet double-cone-shaped rigid expanded body that is subjected to a vibration of a drill bit to squeeze super-flow concrete to form a concrete enlarged head 210 and is surrounded by a layer of compacted cement soil 209 and concrete.
  • the special drilling machine of the invention can be used for drilling and pressure-filling concrete, the multi-layer nozzle can be sprayed with a double-cone-shaped expansion-shaped body, and the pile-sliding body can be fixed.
  • the drilling machine is used to form piles with simple process and low cost, and is suitable for A variety of geological conditions, can be made in the different positions of the pile body of the special shape of the double-cone-shaped expansion body; the production of concrete and cement soil composed of double-cone-shaped diameter expansion body, the diameter of the diameter above the diameter of the body is greater than or equal to the expansion
  • the pile diameter below the body, the upper diameter of the expansion body is sprayed with a wing made of cement soil and concrete, which does not simply increase the frictional resistance area, and the cement slurry of the fixed wing plate fills the entire pile and is squeezed by the drill pipe. After pressing, it acts as a post-grouting; it has good industrial applicability.

Abstract

一种喷扩挤压组合桩及其施工方法和该方法使用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，该组合桩的桩体由桩身（101）、扩径体（103）和桩端（106）组成，桩身（101）上设有至少一个与桩身（101）一体成型的双锥台形扩径体（103）。扩径体（103）位于桩身（101）竖向所在具有较高变形模量和抗剪强度的土层位置，桩身（101）上设有至少为两块且沿周向均布、与桩体轴线基本垂直的翼板（102）。扩径体（103）上方的桩体直径大于或等于扩径体（103）下方的桩体直径。该钻机分为上下两段，上段的直径大于下段直径，可以便于在任何所需的位置制作扩径体。当扩径体（103）位于组合桩的上部或者中部时，如扩径体（103）上方的桩径大于扩径体（103）下方的桩径，可大大节约混凝土用量。

Description

喷扩挤压组合桩及其施工方法和该方法使用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机 技术领域
本发明概括地说涉及混凝土桩，具体地说是涉及一种现场灌注混凝土桩、施工方法和钻机。
背景技术
目前，随着建筑业的调整发展，建筑工程对地基设计施工要求越来越高，因此混凝土桩在高层建筑、桥梁、高铁、港口等建筑工程中，得到越来越广泛应用。
为了使桩基能够满足抗变形，抗震和承载力建筑设计要求，常采用加长桩，加大桩体直径等方式来提高承载力。但是，加长或加大桩体都会导致增加混凝土的用量，特别是当桩体长度和直径之比过大时，桩体的承载能力会显著下降，通过加长或加大桩体直径来提高，桩体的承载力，往往是徒劳的。同时势必还会造成混凝土的大量浪费，有的用机械设备挤密桩周边土层成桩，消耗能量较大，施工速度慢。
本申请人的发明专利申请CN201710434805.0及实用新型专利ZL 201720669956.X提出了一种螺旋喷灌挤压组合装置，包括空心钻杆、动力头和多功能导流器，空心钻杆上端安装有动力头，动力头上面安装有直管接头，直管接头一侧连接有输砼弯管，直管接头上端安装有多功能导流器，多功能导流器的侧面设置有通浆接头、通气接头和通水接头，空心钻杆由上至下安装有高压注浆(浆、气或浆、气、水)管，高压注浆(浆、气或浆、气、水)管的下端设置有多层注浆(浆、气或浆、气、水)喷头，空心钻杆的底部安装有钻头，钻头下端的钻杆中心管平面上安装有铰链式活门，铰链式活门的背面设置有限位挡板，铰链式活门的开口侧设置有插销式锁定器，铰链式活门的下表面设置有钻尖。采用该装置可以用于制作喷灌挤压组合桩。
本申请人的发明专利申请CN201710183031.9及实用新型专利ZL201720295981.6提出了一种喷灌挤压组合桩，其组合桩主体自上而下依次包括桩帽、桩身和扩径体，桩帽、桩身和扩径体为一体式。其桩帽为用压灌倒锥台阶型钻杆的外钻筒成孔压灌成超流态混凝土桩帽。桩身为用高压水泥浆定喷的多边形，经过钻杆振动挤压成多边形超流态混凝土桩身。扩径体为经过钻头振动挤压超流态混凝土，形成混凝土扩大头，且外包一层挤密的水泥土与混凝土的高压旋喷倒锥台型刚性扩径体。其优点在于：在桩端挤压成较大的混凝土锥台型大头外边有一层与混凝土混合的水泥土，再外边为挤密土层，桩身喷成多边型，增加桩侧摩阻面积， 在桩孔内超流态混凝土中下钢筋笼，形成“超流态混凝土”挤密桩孔内周边的土层，即为喷灌挤压组合桩，该组合桩能够提高单桩承载力。
但是，由于扩径体位于桩体的最末端，即桩端位置，使得该组合桩的适用范围大大受限。在复杂的地质条件情况下，比如具有抗剪强度较高的持力层所在层位深度较浅时，而该组合桩因扩径体位于桩端，导致单桩承载力无法满足设计需求。因此，为解决上述问题，亟需对上述专利中的组合桩、施工方法和所用的钻机进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种喷扩挤压组合桩。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种上述组合桩的施工方法。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种螺旋喷扩挤压钻机。
采用的技术方案具体如下：
一种具有高承载力的喷扩挤压组合桩，其桩体由桩身、扩径体和桩端组成，其中，所述桩身上设有至少一个与桩身一体成型的双锥台形扩径体。
本发明所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其中，所述桩体内设有钢筋笼。
本发明所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其中，所述扩径体位于桩身竖向所在具有较高变形模量和抗剪强度的持力层位置，所述桩身上设有至少为两块且沿周向均布、与桩体轴线基本垂直的翼板。
本发明所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其中，所述扩径体上方的桩体直径大于或等于扩径体下方的桩体直径。
本发明所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其中，所述扩径体的下部斜面与桩体中心轴线的夹角α为≥10°～≤80°。
本发明所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其中，所述翼板的宽度为5～25cm，厚度为2～12cm。
本发明所述喷扩挤压组合桩的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)通过钻机钻孔到设计深度，停止钻进；
(2)调整钻杆上的注浆喷头的喷嘴压力为2～40MPa，并调整钻杆的提升速度为6～60cm/min；在提升螺旋空心钻杆的同时，在设计深度用多层注浆喷头上的喷嘴旋喷水泥浆、用钻杆振动压灌超流态混凝土制作双锥台形扩径体到设定标高，高度为0.5～3.0m；
(3)调整钻杆提升速度为0.5～2m/min，喷嘴压力保持不变，由旋喷改为定喷桩身翼板，同时压灌超流态混凝土到设计标高，形成素混凝土桩。
本发明任一所述的施工方法，其中，形成素混凝土桩后，将钢筋笼插入桩孔内的超流态 混凝土中到设计深度，形成钢筋混凝土基础桩。
本发明任一所述的施工方法中采用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，包括螺旋空心钻杆、动力头，螺旋空心钻杆芯管外壁或内壁一侧由上至下安装有高压注浆管，其中，所述螺旋空心钻杆包括上段钻杆和下段钻杆，其中，上段钻杆和下段钻杆通过法兰连接成一体，上段钻杆的螺旋叶片的半径大于下段钻杆的螺旋叶片的半径，所述高压注浆管的下端设置有多层注浆喷头，每层注浆喷头均位于上段钻杆底部的螺旋叶片外边缘的下方。
本发明所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其中，上段钻杆长度l 1>5m，下段钻杆长度l 2>6m，上段钻杆直径d＝700mm～800mm，下段钻杆直径d 1＝500mm～600mm，d＝d 1+0.2m。
本发明所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其中，所述注浆喷头的层数为2-10层。
本发明所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其中，每层注浆喷头上设有1-6个喷嘴，每个喷嘴的承压为2-40MPa，其中，在土层时优选为25MPa，在砂层时优选为20MPa。
本发明所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其中，相邻上下两层注浆喷头之间的间距为5～30cm，其中，在土层时优选为15cm，砂层时优选为20cm，每层注浆喷头中的相邻两个喷嘴之间的水平间距为1～6cm，其中，在土层时优选为2～4cm，砂层时优选为4～6cm，喷嘴的直径为2-10mm。
本发明所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其中，所述注浆喷头的层数为3层，每层注浆喷头上设有2个喷嘴，喷嘴的直径为2mm。
该组合桩的桩型集中了旋喷桩、压灌桩、倒锥台阶桩、压浆桩，喷翼板桩等多种先进桩型的优点；又创新了专用钻机，可以用多层喷嘴高压多次复喷地下土层，制作双锥台楔子型扩径体和用钻杆振动挤压超流态混凝土挤密土层，工艺简便，技术先进，造价低、质量好。其中，“具有高承载力的喷扩挤压组合桩”倒锥型扩径体优选是在地质报告桩身土层上选择适合具有比较高的变形模量和抗剪强度高的土层进行制作。
该发明制作的组合桩受力变形情况的分析：
(1)桩顶加荷载后，桩体上部结构荷载首先传递给压灌混凝土芯桩，芯桩通过水泥土与芯桩之间的粘结力传给水泥土，然后水泥土通过与挤密土层之间的高压水泥浆粘结力，传给被挤密的土层或渗透层(这样从芯桩到土体通过水泥土的过渡形成强、中、弱的渐变过程，构成一种中间强度高、外围强度低合理的荷载传递桩体结构)使桩侧面积增大，由原来的桩土之间的摩阻力，转化为被挤密土层以外土层的剪切力，拉动桩周围土体一起下沉。
(2)用高压旋喷水泥浆的高速射流、冲击、切割、破碎地层土体，并以水泥浆充填、掺混、搅拌、渗透在土中凝固成为一个具有特殊结构的表面凸凹不平的倒锥体硬壳。硬壳外被高喷挤密的土层承载力接近被动土压力。桩顶加荷载后，倒锥台斜面上受摩擦阻力、吸附力 和支撑力(切向力和法向力的受力状态)，锥台楔子形的实体核向四周对称外挤。由于土与基底的斜面的摩擦阻力，对基底下土粒侧向位移的约束作用，当桩端埋置越深，楔子形的基底上的约束力越大，锥台下面和四周又有很大的被压密实的被动土压力支撑着，所以喷扩挤压组合桩扩径体，具有很大的支撑力，如果双锥台形扩径体承载力大于桩身破坏承载力，而且微变形，单桩承载力就是桩身的破坏承力，沉降变形就是桩身的弹性变形。
(3)根据以上“喷扩挤压组合桩”的变形理论，桩顶加荷载以后，桩身拉动周围土体一起下沉，同时又和锥台周围土层连在一起，旋喷和钻孔的联合扩径体斜面上的承载力(d＝700mm，d 1＝500mm翼形钻杆，在砂层)在10000KN以上(只是桩身的弹性变形)，桩的破坏是桩身的破坏，但桩头又是桩身的最薄弱环节，所以桩头1.5m长度在设计上要加固。
同现有技术相比，本发明的突出效果在于：
(1)本发明在混凝土桩身或桩端上用多层喷嘴的专用钻机，制作混凝土和水泥土组成的双锥台形扩径体，扩径体上方的桩径大于或等于扩径体下方的桩径，扩径体的上方桩径上喷有水泥土和混凝土组成的翼板，不单纯增加摩阻力面积，而定喷翼板的水泥浆充满整个桩体周围，经过钻杆挤压后，起到后压浆的作用。
(2)本发明钻机的螺旋空心钻杆分为上下两段，上段的直径大于下段直径，可以便于在任何所需的位置制作扩径体。当扩径体位于组合桩的上部或者中部时，如扩径体上方的桩径大于扩径体下方的桩径，可大大节约混凝土用量。
(3)使用本发明的专用钻机既可以钻孔、压灌混凝土，多层喷头可旋喷双锥台形扩径体，又可定喷桩身翼板，用此钻机成桩，工艺简单，造价低，适用于多种地质条件，能在桩身不同位置制作双锥台形扩径体的特殊桩型，结构简单，单桩承载力高，施工速度快、质量好。
(4)本发明的组合桩能够保证并提高桩体承载力减小变形，而且能够节省混凝土用量，降低工程造价。
(5)用超流态混凝土挤密桩孔内周边土层使高喷的顺孔壁上升的水泥土和土层紧密的挤压到一起，在砂层又有渗透作用，提高桩摩阻力。桩身喷成多边形，增加摩阻面积一倍以上。
(6)本发明的突出特点：在于创新了专用多层喷咀的钻机，高压多次复喷锥台处地下土层，制作倒锥台楔子型扩径体，由于土与基底的斜面的摩阻力对基底土粒侧向位移的约束作用，当桩端埋置越深，楔子形的基底上的约束越大，锥台下面和四周又有很大的被旋喷挤密实的被动土压力支撑着，只改变一下工艺和设备，在同等地质条件和材料用量情况下，可提高单桩承载力2～5倍。变形小，工艺简便。
下面结合附图说明和具体实施例对本发明的喷扩挤压组合桩及其施工方法和该方法使用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为螺旋喷扩挤压钻机的结构示意图；
图2中，(a)为上段钻杆和下段钻杆的连接位置的局部放大图；(b)为3层注浆喷头的俯视透视图；
图3中，(a)为图3d中1-1剖面的截面图，(b)为图3d中2-2剖面的截面图，(c)为图3d中3-3剖面的截面图，(d)为扩径体位于组合桩中部的组合桩结构示意图与各个部位的截面图；
图4中，(a)～(d)为图3中组合桩的施工步骤示意图；
图5中，(a)为图5d中1-1剖面的截面图，(b)为图5d中2-2剖面的截面图，(c)为图5d中3-3剖面的截面图，(d)为扩径体位于组合桩中部的组合桩结构示意图与各个部位的截面图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
结合图1-2所示，一种螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，包括螺旋空心钻杆1、动力头2，螺旋空心钻杆1芯管外壁一侧由上至下安装有高压注浆管5，螺旋空心钻杆1包括上段钻杆3和下段钻杆4，其中，上段钻杆3和下段钻杆4通过法兰连接成一体，上段钻杆3的螺旋叶片的半径大于下段钻杆4的螺旋叶片的半径，所述高压注浆管5的下端设置有多层注浆喷头6，每层注浆喷头6均位于上段钻杆3底部的螺旋叶片外边缘的下方。
上段钻杆3长度l 1为6m，下段钻杆4长度l 2为8m，上段钻杆3直径d＝700mm，下段钻杆4直径d 1＝500mm，d＝d 1+0.2m。
在其他变形实施例中，根据实际施工要求，上段钻杆3只要保证长度l 1>5m即可，下段钻杆4长度l 2>6m即可，上段钻杆3直径可以为700mm～800mm，下段钻杆4直径可以为500mm～600mm，d＝d 1+0.2m即可。
注浆喷头6的层数为3层，焊接在上段钻杆3底部的最后3层螺旋叶片上。每层注浆喷头6上设有2个喷嘴；每个喷嘴的承压为2-40MPa。相邻上下两层注浆喷头6之间的间距为20cm；每层注浆喷头6中的相邻两个喷嘴之间的水平间距为4cm，喷嘴的直径为2mm。
在其他变形实施例中，根据实际施工要求，注浆喷头6的层数可以为2-10层。每层注浆喷头6上可设有1-6个喷嘴，每个喷嘴的承压设为2-40MPa。相邻上下两层注浆喷头6之间的间距可以为5～30cm，每层注浆喷头6中的相邻两个喷嘴之间的水平间距可以为1～6cm，喷 嘴的直径可以为2-10mm。
实施例2
如图3所示，一种具有高承载力的喷扩挤压组合桩，其桩体由桩身101、扩径体103和桩端106组成，桩身101上设有一个与桩身一体成型的双锥台形的扩径体103。桩体内设有钢筋笼。该双锥台形为中间大、上下逐渐变小的结构。
扩径体103位于桩身101所在位置的砂土层，桩身101上设有一层与桩体轴线基本垂直的翼板102，每层翼板102为3块，且沿周向均布。翼板102的宽度为5～25cm，厚度为2～12cm。
扩径体103上方的桩体直径大于扩径体103下方的桩体直径。
扩径体103的下部斜面与桩体中心轴线的夹角α为≥10°～≤80°。
扩径体103为经过钻头震动挤压超流态混凝土，形成混凝土扩大头105，且外包一层挤密的水泥土104与混凝土的高压旋喷双锥台形刚性扩径体。
其施工方法的具体步骤为：
(1)通过实施例1的钻机与三点式打桩机架组合起来钻孔，如图4a，钻孔到设计深度，停止转动钻杆；
(2)调整钻杆上的注浆喷头的喷嘴压力为20MPa，并调整钻杆的提升速度为20cm/min；在提升螺旋空心钻杆的同时，在设计深度用注浆喷头上的喷嘴旋喷水泥浆、用钻杆振动压灌超流态混凝土制作双锥台形扩径体到设定标高，高度为2.0m，如图4b；
(3)调整钻杆提升速度为1.5m/min，喷嘴压力保持不变，由旋喷改为定喷桩身翼板，同时压灌超流态混凝土到设计标高；在定喷桩身翼板时，在3个方向进行喷射，如图4c，形成素混凝土桩；
(4)将钢筋笼插入桩孔内的超流态混凝土中到设计深度，形成钢筋混凝土基础桩，如图4d。
在其他变形实施例中，根据实际施工要求，其中，步骤(2)中注浆喷头的喷嘴压力可以为2～40MPa，钻杆的提升速度可以为6～60cm/min；双锥台形扩径体高度可以为0.5～3.0m。步骤(3)中钻杆提升速度可以为0.5～2m/min。
实施例3
如图5所示，一种具有高承载力的喷扩挤压组合桩，其桩体由桩身201、扩径体203、桩身206、扩径体208和桩端211组成，扩径体203和扩径体208均为双锥台形，与桩身均为一体成型。桩体内设有钢筋笼。该双锥台形为中间大、上下逐渐变小的结构。
扩径体203和扩径体208位于桩身竖向具有抗剪强度较高的持力层位置。桩身201和桩身206上各设有一层与桩体轴线基本垂直的翼板(202、207)，每层翼板均为3块，且沿周向均布。翼板的宽度为5～25cm，厚度为2～12cm。
扩径体203上方的桩体最大直径大于扩径体203下方的桩体最大直径。扩径体208上方的桩体最大直径等于扩径体208下方的桩体最大直径。
扩径体203和扩径体208的下部斜面与桩体中心轴线的夹角α为≥10°～≤80°。
扩径体203为经过钻头振动挤压超流态混凝土，形成混凝土扩大头205，且外包一层挤密的水泥土204与混凝土的高压旋喷双锥台形刚性扩径体。
扩径体208为经过钻头振动挤压超流态混凝土，形成混凝土扩大头210，且外包一层挤密的水泥土209与混凝土的高压旋喷双锥台形刚性扩径体。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明的专用钻机既可以钻孔、压灌混凝土，多层喷头可旋喷双锥台形扩径体，又可定喷桩身翼板，用此钻机成桩，工艺简单，造价低，适用于多种地质条件，能在桩身不同位置制作双锥台形扩径体的特殊桩型；制作的混凝土和水泥土组成的双锥台形扩径体，扩径体上方的桩径大于或等于扩径体下方的桩径，扩径体的上方桩径上喷有水泥土和混凝土组成的翼板，不单纯增加摩阻力面积，而定喷翼板的水泥浆充满整个桩体周围，经过钻杆挤压后，起到后压浆的作用；具有良好的工业实用性。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种具有高承载力的喷扩挤压组合桩，其桩体由桩身、扩径体和桩端组成，其特征在于：所述桩身上设有至少一个与桩身一体成型的双锥台形扩径体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其特征在于：所述桩体内设有钢筋笼。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其特征在于：所述扩径体位于桩身竖向所在具有较高变形模量和抗剪强度的持力层位置，所述桩身上设有至少为两块且沿周向均布、与桩体轴线基本垂直的翼板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其特征在于：所述扩径体上方的桩体直径大于或等于扩径体下方的桩体直径。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其特征在于：所述扩径体的下部斜面与桩体中心轴线的夹角α为≥10°～≤80°。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的喷扩挤压组合桩，其特征在于：所述翼板的宽度为5～25cm，厚度为2～12cm。
  7. 权利要求1-6任一所述喷扩挤压组合桩的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)通过钻机钻孔到设计深度，停止钻进；
    (2)调整钻杆上的注浆喷头的喷嘴压力为2～40MPa，并调整钻杆的提升速度为6～60cm/min；在提升螺旋空心钻杆的同时，在设计深度用注浆喷头上的喷嘴旋喷水泥浆、用钻杆振动压灌超流态混凝土制作双锥台形扩径体到设定标高，高度为0.5～3.0m；
    (3)调整钻杆提升速度为0.5～2m/min，喷嘴压力保持不变，由旋喷改为定喷桩身翼板，同时压灌超流态混凝土到设计标高，形成素混凝土桩。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的施工方法，其特征在于：形成素混凝土桩后，将钢筋笼插入桩孔内的超流态混凝土中到设计深度，形成钢筋混凝土基础桩。
  9. 一种如权利要求7或8所述的施工方法中采用的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，包括螺旋空心钻杆(1)、动力头(2)，螺旋空心钻杆(1)芯管外壁或内壁一侧由上至下安装有高压注浆管(5)，其特征在于：所述螺旋空心钻杆(1)包括上段钻杆(3)和下段钻杆(4)，其中，上段钻杆(3)和下段钻杆(4)通过法兰连接成一体，上段钻杆(3)的螺旋叶片的半径大于下段钻杆(4)的螺旋叶片的半径，所述高压注浆管(5)的下端设置有多层注浆喷头(6)，每层注浆喷头(6)均位于上段钻杆(3)底部的螺旋叶片外边缘的下方。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其特征在于：上段钻杆(3)长度l 1>5m，下段钻杆(4)长度l 2>6m，上段钻杆(3)直径d＝700mm～800mm，下段钻杆(4)直径 d 1＝500mm～600mm，d＝d 1+0.2m。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其特征在于：所述注浆喷头(6)的层数为2-10层。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其特征在于：每层注浆喷头(6)上设有1-6个喷嘴，每个喷嘴的承压为2-40MPa。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其特征在于：相邻上下两层注浆喷头(6)之间的间距为5～30cm，每层注浆喷头(6)中的相邻两个喷嘴之间的水平间距为1～6cm，喷嘴的直径为2-10mm。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的螺旋喷扩挤压钻机，其特征在于：所述注浆喷头(6)的层数为3层，每层注浆喷头(6)上设有2个喷嘴，喷嘴的直径为2mm。
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