WO2019148688A1 - 一种微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法 - Google Patents
一种微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of micro grids, in particular to a stability control method for a grid-connected island operation mode of a micro grid.
- the traditional primary energy sources such as coal and oil are non-renewable. Improving energy efficiency, developing new energy sources, and strengthening the use of renewable energy have become the increasingly prominent energy demand growth and energy shortage in the process of rapid economic and social development. The inevitable choice between energy use and environmental protection.
- the distributed power generation is connected to the large grid in the form of microgrid and is connected to the grid. It is the most effective way to realize the performance of the distributed generation system.
- the microgrid refers to the distributed power source, energy storage device, energy conversion device and related load.
- the small power generation and distribution system which is combined with monitoring and protection devices, is an autonomous system that can realize self-control, protection and management. It can be operated in parallel with the large power grid (the connection switch between the micro-grid and the large power grid is closed). It can be operated on an island (the microgrid is disconnected from the connection switch of the large grid).
- the grid-connected and island dual-mode operation capability is the key to the micro-grid's technical and economic advantages.
- the micro network needs to operate independently or the main network fails according to the situation, it should quickly disconnect the connection to the main network and switch to the island operation mode; when the power supply of the main network returns to normal, or when the micro network is connected to the network according to the situation,
- the microgrid in the island operation mode is reconnected to the public grid. Smooth and stable switching is the key technology to ensure the smooth transition of the microgrid between the two modes of operation. In the mode conversion process, the corresponding operation control strategy needs to be adopted to ensure the smoothness of the switching process.
- the control strategy of the micro power supply not only determines the operation status of the micro network in the two modes, but also directly relates to the switching process of the operation mode.
- Literature [1] Wang Zan, Xiao Wei, Yao Zhilei. Design and implementation of high-performance inverter with independent dual-mode control in grid-connected[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2007, 27(1): 54-59, Yang Zilong, Wu Chun Sheng.Design of three-phase grid-connected/independent dual-mode inverter system [J].
- micro-power control strategy using droop control, islanding and grid-connected modes
- the micro-power control strategy remains unchanged and conforms to the plug-and-play feature, but does not consider the adaptability of the droop control to the grid-connected operation and the inrush current suppression of the grid-connected process.
- the invention has stable and reliable performance; the main power grid has a reliable means to actively notify the micro grid of its running state, which greatly reduces the cost; and can assist the micro grid to quickly and smoothly between the island running state and the grid running state.
- the transition helps the microgrid to operate safely and steadily; it satisfies the need for the grid operator to effectively control the microgrid.
- this solution is tested by a transformer, which is inefficient and inaccurate.
- Chinese patent application, application number 201310509652.3, public day February 19, 2014 discloses a stable control method when the microgrid is connected to the island state, wherein the planned switching, before the microgrid and the power system are disassembled,
- the microgrid stability control system collects the power of the grid connection point, configures the power source and the load to make it basically balanced, and simultaneously sends the power to the inverter before the disconnection, and smoothly cuts off the grid-connected circuit breaker to keep the output power of the inverter.
- the power is transmitted to the grid-connected point before the disconnection, and the power is immediately balanced after the micro-grid is off-grid.
- the switch is not planned, the microgrid suddenly forms an island with the power system.
- the load is cut or the power supply is cut off within 10ms.
- the road ensures the stability of the system switching moment; the energy storage inverter with the largest capacity is immediately switched to the V/f control, and the other power source is set to the P/Q control.
- the method can realize smooth switching of the grid connection of the micro grid to the island state. However, its control only switches and controls the power supply branch.
- the overall stability control is not perfect, and there is no targeted cutting to ensure smoothness and insufficient stability.
- China Patent Application, Application No. 201410458561.6, Public Date, February 19, 2014 discloses a stable control method for switching the microgrid unplanned grid-connected island operation mode, using the power supply, load capacity, and adjustment in the microgrid.
- the combination of the output power of the energy storage unit and the real-time detection of the operating frequency and voltage level of the microgrid are used to realize the feedback control, and finally realize the stable operation of the microgrid in the unplanned grid-connected island operation mode switching to ensure various electrical Equipment safety, ensuring uninterrupted power supply for important users, has a good application prospect.
- the detection method of this scheme is complicated, the cost is high, and the stability control efficiency is insufficient.
- the present invention provides a stable control method for a microgrid grid-to-island operation mode in which the detection mode is simple, the stability is good, and the stability control efficiency is high.
- a method for stably controlling a microgrid grid-connected island operation mode includes the following steps:
- the micro-grid central controller and the rapid measurement and control unit collect the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie line and receive the higher-level system instructions to obtain the real-time operation status of the micro-grid, and then perform step 2);
- step 3 Determine whether it is a planned island, when it is a planned island, perform step 3), otherwise perform step 4);
- step 3 Calculate the real-time load and power output of the microgrid system to determine whether the source-load balance is balanced: if the source-load imbalance, adjust the energy storage output or cut off the controllable load, re-execute step 3); if the source-load balance, reach the planned switching time point After the PCC switch is disconnected, when each DG is in normal operation and the source and load balance of the microgrid is balanced, the process returns to step 1);
- step 4) The micro-grid central controller judges that the system satisfies the island criterion. If the island criterion is satisfied, the main power is converted from the PQ operation mode to the V/f operation mode, and after the PCC switch is disconnected, step 5) is performed, otherwise, the process returns to step 1);
- step 5 Determine whether the system is running normally: If the system is abnormal, immediately after detecting the faulty line, restart step 5); if the system is normal, if the source-load balance is judged in the micro-grid, if the source-load balance is reached, return to step 1 If the source is unbalanced, calculate the power imbalance, and adjust the energy storage output to re-determine the source-load balance. If the source-load balance is balanced, return to step 1). Otherwise, perform low-voltage/low-frequency load shedding to re-determine the source-charge balance.
- micro-grid central controller is configured to collect the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie line, and the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie line include current and switch position on the tie line, bus voltage and frequency of the micro-grid, and Current and switch position of the micro power line, current and switch position of each load line.
- the fast measurement and control unit is installed in each load line incoming line, and the fast measurement and control unit is configured to collect electrical information of each load line and provide overcurrent protection for the load line, and the fast measurement and control unit and the micro power grid central controller Communicate, upload load line electrical information to the microgrid central controller, and accept the remote control of the microgrid central device.
- GOOSE communication is adopted between the micro power grid central controller, the rapid measurement and control unit, and the superior system.
- the microgrid includes a wind power generator, a photovoltaic panel, and a battery.
- micro grid is connected to the external power grid through the PCC point, and the inverter is used as an interface between the distributed power source and the energy storage system, and the PCC point and the inverter are controlled to open and close by the micro grid control system.
- the PCC point, the power branch, and the load branch are opened and closed by the remote control module.
- the main power source in the step 4) is provided by the energy storage system, and the micro grid can run in the PQ mode when the grid is connected to operate, and provides stable power for the micro grid; when the island is in operation, it can run in the V/f mode. Provides stable voltage and frequency support for the microgrid.
- the determination of the source-load balance of the micro-grid in the steps 3) and 5) is based on the fact that all power sources and load power in the system are equal, that is, the power value is passed by the micro-grid central controller and the fast measurement and control unit through the high-speed. Sampling and data capture and calculation are obtained, that is, each cycle is sampled at 64 points, and the average of the measured values is taken after 3 cycles, and the accuracy of the source-source balance judgment is ensured on the basis of rapid response.
- the steps of adjusting the source-load balance in the steps 3) and 5) are as follows: calculating the power imbalance of the micro-grid system, adjusting the energy storage output according to the calculation result, and performing low-voltage/low-frequency load shedding when the source-load is unbalanced.
- the load is divided into important load and controllable load, and the controllable load is preferentially cut off to ensure that the important load is continuously discharged, and the controllable load is less power-off until the source-load balance is reached.
- the control method utilizes the central controller of the micro-grid as the main control unit and the rapid measurement and control unit as the local control unit, collects the electrical quantities of each line of the micro-grid, and receives the instructions issued by the energy management system. According to the identified grid state, the switching load is adjusted and the energy storage system is adjusted, so that the microgrid can stably operate during the operation mode switching process, thereby further improving the reliability of the microgrid power supply;
- the invention determines the state of the microgrid based on the collected microgrid data, and effectively improves the stability of the microgrid when the operation modes are switched by controlling the output of the energy storage device and the switching of the load. Improve the reliability of microgrid power supply and reduce the power outage range of the microgrid;
- the program monitors the data of the microgrid online in real time, with high sensitivity, fast switching speed, high efficiency and good stability control;
- This scheme can adopt the remote control module to open and close the PCC point and the micro-grid line by remote control, and perform internal switching of the micro-grid, which can be controlled remotely, saving cost and high efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a microgrid according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
- the invention relates to the operation and stability control of a microgrid, and particularly relates to a stable operation control method of a microgrid system when a grid is connected to an island.
- the control method utilizes the micro-grid central controller as a main control unit to collect electrical quantities of each line of the micro-grid, and receives an instruction issued by the energy management system. According to the identified grid state, the switching load is adjusted and the energy storage system is adjusted, so that the microgrid can stably operate during the operation mode switching process, thereby further improving the reliability of the microgrid power supply.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the stable operation of the micro-grid during the operation mode of the micro-grid connected to the island, improving the reliability of the micro-grid operation and reducing Microgrid power outage range.
- the microgrid shown includes 2 sets of photovoltaic power generation systems, 2 sets of wind power generation systems, 2 sets of energy storage systems, and 2 loads. Except one set of energy storage system as the main power supply, the other DGs all run in PQ mode.
- the AC load I is the primary load, and the AC load II is the other adjustable load.
- a method for stably controlling a microgrid grid-connected island operation mode includes the following steps:
- the micro-grid central controller and the rapid measurement and control unit collect the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie-line and receive the instructions of the superior system to obtain the real-time operation status of the micro-grid, and then perform step 2);
- step 3 Determine whether it is a planned island, when it is a planned island, perform step 3), otherwise perform step 4);
- step 3 Calculate the real-time load and power output of the microgrid system to determine whether the source-load balance is balanced: if the source-load imbalance, adjust the energy storage output or cut off the controllable load, re-execute step 3); if the source-load balance, reach the planned switching time point After the PCC switch is disconnected, when each DG is in normal operation and the source and load balance of the microgrid is balanced, the process returns to step 1);
- step 4) The micro-grid central controller judges that the system satisfies the island criterion. If the island criterion is satisfied, the main power is converted from the PQ operation mode to the V/f operation mode, and after the PCC switch is disconnected, step 5) is performed, otherwise, the process returns to step 1);
- step 5 Determine whether the system is running normally: If the system is abnormal, immediately after detecting the faulty line, restart step 5); if the system is normal, if the source-load balance is judged in the micro-grid, if the source-load balance is reached, return to step 1 If the source is unbalanced, calculate the power imbalance, and adjust the energy storage output to re-determine the source-load balance. If the source-load balance is balanced, return to step 1). Otherwise, perform low-voltage/low-frequency load shedding to re-determine the source-charge balance.
- the micro-grid central controller is configured to collect the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie line, and the electrical quantities of the micro-grid and the tie line include current and switch position on the tie line, bus voltage and frequency of the micro-grid, and micro-power lines. Current and switch position, current for each load line, and switch position.
- the microgrid central controller can perform multi-channel analog quantity and switch quantity acquisition, and communicate with an energy management system (EMS) and a battery management system (BMS), and can perform remote operation of the switch.
- EMS energy management system
- BMS battery management system
- Built-in expert system program module to receive, process and forward data in real time.
- the fast measurement and control unit is installed in each load line incoming line, and the fast measurement and control unit is configured to collect electrical information of each load line and provide overcurrent protection for the load line, and the fast measurement and control unit communicates with the central controller of the micro power grid, Upload the load line electrical information to the microgrid central controller and accept the remote control of the microgrid central device.
- GOOSE communication is adopted between the micro-grid central controller, the rapid measurement and control unit, and the superior system.
- the microgrid in the step 1) includes photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (Wind Turbine Generation, WG), and energy storage device (SB), as shown in FIG. 1 , which can realize wind and solar complementation and improve Economical, environmentally friendly and reliable power supply.
- the inverter is used as the interface between distributed power supply and energy storage system, which effectively improves the flexibility and dynamic performance of the microgrid. It involves multiple operating modes, including grid-connected operation mode. , island operation mode, grid-connected island mode, island-to-network mode.
- the microgrid is connected to the external power grid through the PCC point, and the inverter is used as an interface between the distributed power source and the energy storage system, and the PCC point and the inverter are controlled to open and close by the micro grid control system.
- the PCC point, the power branch, and the load branch are opened and closed by the remote control module.
- the main power source in the step 4) is provided by the energy storage system, and the micro grid can run in the PQ mode when the grid is connected to operate, and provides stable power for the micro grid; when the island is in operation, it can operate in the V/f mode as the micro grid. Provides stable voltage and frequency support.
- the determination of the source-load balance of the microgrid in the steps 3) and 5) is based on the fact that all power sources and load power in the system are equal, that is, the power value is measured and data by the micro-grid central controller and the fast measurement and control unit through high-speed sampling and data.
- the capture and calculation are obtained, that is, each cycle is sampled at 64 points, and the mean value of the measured values is taken after 3 cycles, and the accuracy of the source-source balance judgment is ensured on the basis of rapid response.
- the steps of adjusting the source-load balance in the steps 3) and 5) are as follows: calculating the power imbalance of the micro-grid system, adjusting the energy storage output according to the calculation result, and performing low-voltage/low-frequency load shedding when the source-source is unbalanced: according to the load
- the priority classifies the load into important load and controllable load, and preferentially removes the controllable load to ensure that the important load is continuously discharged, and the controllable load is less power-off until the source-load balance is reached.
- the island criterion contains three conditions, namely whether the main network has pressure, whether the PCC switch is in the jump position, and whether the microgrid is abnormal. According to the island criterion, the state of the micro grid can be quickly and accurately judged: if the main network is under pressure, PPC If the switch is closed and the microgrid has no abnormality, it will be connected to the grid. If the main network has pressure, the PCC switch is closed, and the microgrid is abnormal, the fault should be detected immediately and the fault should be removed. If the main network is under pressure, the PCC switch is disconnected and micro If there is no abnormality in the power grid, it should be connected to the grid, and the island should be connected to the grid.
- the PCC switch is disconnected, and the microgrid is abnormal, the fault should be detected immediately and the fault should be removed, and then the grid connection operation should be carried out. If the main network is pressureless, the PCC switch is closed, and the microgrid is not abnormal, the island criterion is met, and the PCC switch should be disconnected immediately to enter the island operation; if the main network is pressureless, the PCC switch is closed, and the microgrid is abnormal, it is satisfied.
- the PCC switch should be immediately disconnected to detect the fault in the microgrid and cut off; if the main network is pressureless, the PCC switch is disconnected, and the microgrid has no abnormality, it is normal island operation; if the main network is pressureless, PCC Breaking off, microgrid abnormal, fault detection and shall immediately remove the fault.
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- 一种微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:1)通过微电网中央控制器及快速测控单元采集微电网、联络线各电气量以及接收上级系统指令,得到微电网实时运行状态,之后再执行步骤2);2)判断是否为计划型孤岛,当是计划型孤岛时,执行步骤3),否则执行步骤4);3)计算微电网系统实时的负荷及电源出力,判断是否源荷平衡:若源荷失衡,调节储能出力或切除可控负荷,重新执行步骤3);若源荷平衡,到达计划切换时间点后分断PCC开关,当各DG正常运行及微电网源荷平衡时,则返回执行步骤1);4)微电网中央控制器判断系统满足孤岛判据,若满足孤岛判据则主电源由PQ运行模式转换为V/f运行模式、分断PCC开关后执行步骤5),否则返回步骤1);5)判断系统是否正常运行:若系统异常,检测到故障线路后立即切除,重新开始步骤5);若系统正常,判断微电网内是否源荷平衡时,若已源荷平衡,则返回步骤1);若源荷失衡,则计算功率失衡量,调节储能出力后重新判断是否源荷平衡,若源荷平衡则返回步骤1),否则进行低压/低频减载,重新判断源荷平衡。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述微电网中央控制器用于采集微电网以及联络线各电气量,所述微电网以及联络线各电气量包括联络线上的电流和开关位置、微电网的母线电压和频率、各微电源线路的电流和开关位置、各负荷线路的电流和开关位置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述快速测控单元安装于各负荷线路进线,所述快速测控单元用于采集各负荷线路的电气信息并为负荷线路提供过流保护,所述快速测控单元与微电网中央控制器进行通信、上传负荷线路电气信息至微电网中央控制器、接受微电网中央器的遥控。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述微电网中央控制器、快速测控单元及上级系统之间采用GOOSE通信。
- 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述微电网包括风力发电机、光伏电池板和蓄电池。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述微电网通过PCC点与外部电网连接,将逆变器作为分布式电源和储能系统的接口,所述PCC点和逆变器通过微电网控制系统控制开合。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于通过遥控模块对PCC点、电源支路、负荷支路进行开合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述步骤4)中的主电源由储能系统提供,微电网并网运行时能够运行在PQ模式,为微电网提供稳定的功率;孤岛运行时,能够运行在V/f模式,为微电网提供稳定的电压和频率支撑。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述步骤3)和步骤5)中所述微电网源荷平衡的判断依据为系统内所有电源功率与负荷功率相等,即P DG=P LOAD,功率值由微电网中央控制器、快速测控单元通过高速采样和数据捕捉并计算获得,即每个周波采样64点,3个周波后取测量值的均值,在快速响应的基础上确保源荷平衡判断的准确性。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种所述的微电网并网转孤岛运行模式的稳定控制方法,其特征在于所述步骤3)和步骤5)中调节源荷平衡步骤如下:计算微电网系统功率失衡量,根据计算结果调节储能出力,当源荷不平衡时,则进行低压/低频减载:按照负荷的优先级将负荷分为重要负荷及可控负荷,其中,重要负荷包括一级负荷、二级负荷,可控负荷包括三级负荷,优先切除可控负荷,保证重要负荷不断电、可控负荷少断电,直至达到源荷平衡。
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CN112350367A (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-02-09 | 芜湖泰伦特能源科技有限公司 | 一种通过微电网构建的局部电网联合供电的控制方法 |
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CN114063698A (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 中航宝胜海洋工程电缆有限公司 | 一种恒压海底观测网的干线调节、保护电路及方法 |
CN114063698B (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-01-23 | 中航宝胜海洋工程电缆有限公司 | 一种恒压海底观测网的干线调节、保护电路及方法 |
CN116780629A (zh) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-09-19 | 武汉大学 | 一种含储能配电系统独立运行的平滑切换方法及装置 |
CN116780629B (zh) * | 2023-06-27 | 2024-02-20 | 武汉大学 | 一种含储能配电系统独立运行的平滑切换方法及装置 |
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