WO2018103232A1 - 一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法 - Google Patents

一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018103232A1
WO2018103232A1 PCT/CN2017/077715 CN2017077715W WO2018103232A1 WO 2018103232 A1 WO2018103232 A1 WO 2018103232A1 CN 2017077715 W CN2017077715 W CN 2017077715W WO 2018103232 A1 WO2018103232 A1 WO 2018103232A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
new energy
storage module
energy storage
charging station
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PCT/CN2017/077715
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱毅
彭勇
梁峰
曹亮
张轶
龚铖
朱焰
Original Assignee
中山大洋电机股份有限公司
大洋电机新能源(中山)投资有限公司
中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司
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Publication of WO2018103232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018103232A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control method for a new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station.
  • the power supply of a conventional electric vehicle charging (replacement) power station is taken from a public distribution network, and after being stepped down, power is supplied to an electric vehicle charging pile (charger).
  • an electric vehicle charging pile charger
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station, which solves the problem that the control of the current charging (changing) power station is unstable and not efficient.
  • a control method for a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station characterized in that: the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station adopts the following strategy to perform active control operation in the networked mode: detecting each operating parameter; determining the real-time detected load power capacity Whether to achieve the maximum allowable power capacity, if it is reached, open the energy storage module, increase the discharge power of the energy storage module or reduce the load; determine whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the upper limit voltage value, if it is reached, if the energy storage module is Discharge, reduce the discharge power of the energy storage module; if the energy storage module is not in the discharge state, suppress the distributed new energy power generation unit; determine whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the lower limit voltage value, and if so, open the energy storage module , Increase the discharge power of the energy storage module or reduce the load.
  • the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station described above adopts the following strategy to perform active control operation in the networking mode, as follows: detecting each operating parameter; if the power factor is low, increasing the output of the reactive power compensation device; The power factor is up to the critical setpoint, reducing the output of the reactive power compensation device.
  • the above-mentioned new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station is also included in the island operation mode, that is, when the high-voltage power supply is interrupted, the control operation mode of the charging station is automatically switched from the networking mode to the island operation mode, and the island operation mode mainly utilizes the micro-grid.
  • the change of the frequency is performed by the active control operation: the reactive power control operation is performed by using the change of the voltage of the micro grid.
  • the frequency of the micro-grid is divided into six regions according to the size, AH zone, AL zone, BH zone, BL zone, CH zone and CL zone; wherein AH zone And AL zone: near the rated frequency, the energy storage module and load are good and have sufficient self-adjustment margin.
  • AH zone And AL zone near the rated frequency
  • the energy storage module and load are good and have sufficient self-adjustment margin.
  • no intervention is required, and the dynamic characteristics of the energy storage module follow the active power fluctuation; BH zone and BL zone: there is a larger
  • the frequency deviation the energy storage module is heavy-duty discharge or charging, and the adjustable power capacity is small.
  • some preparatory measures to prevent overload should be started, such as appropriately reducing the load, raising the frequency to above AL, or distributing new energy.
  • the power generation unit generates power and reduces the frequency to below AH.
  • the CH area and the CL area the frequency is seriously deviated and has exceeded the maximum allowable range.
  • the energy storage module is overloaded, in order to prevent the energy storage module from cutting. If the system crashes, it is necessary to carry out the cutting operation of the distributed new energy power generation unit or the load. If it is in the CH area, the cutting operation of the distributed new energy power generation unit is performed; if it is in the CL area, Load line cutting operation.
  • the reactive power control operation is performed by using the voltage change of the micro-grid, and the charging station detects the main voltage of the low-voltage main bus, and if the main voltage is low, it is seriously lower than the above.
  • a set value increases the output of the reactive power compensation device; if the main voltage is too high and reaches a certain set value, the output of the reactive power compensation device is reduced.
  • the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station described above also adopts an energy-optimized dispatch management control method, as follows: the distributed new energy power generation unit adopts a photovoltaic power generation device or wind power generation or Hydroelectric power generation, which is renewable energy generation, does not require fuel costs during operation, and therefore has the highest priority. Generally, distributed new energy power generation units operate in the maximum power tracking mode, both in terms of economic considerations and environmental requirements. Natural energy such as solar energy, wind energy and water energy should be utilized as much as possible. Only when the distributed new energy power generation unit has more output than the load power, the energy storage module has no rechargeable capacity and the distribution network does not allow the micro power grid to reverse the power.
  • the micro grid charging station is subject to the energy optimization dispatch management according to the load demand, the distributed new energy power generation unit, the energy storage module operation plan, and the external power grid supplemental charging station.
  • the power shortage is a case where the power generation of the distributed new energy power generation unit is suppressed; the micro grid charging station is subject to the energy optimization dispatch management according to the load demand, the distributed new energy power generation unit, the energy storage module operation plan, and the external power grid supplemental charging station.
  • the energy optimization scheduling management control method further includes a peak power consumption control method, that is, the charging period of the energy storage module is in the low power period during the night, and the discharging period is in the working period during the day, so that the power consumption cost can be saved.
  • the invention has the following effects:
  • the control method of the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station of the invention performs active control operation in the networked mode, detects each operating parameter; determines whether the real-time detected load power capacity reaches the maximum allowable power capacity, and if so, opens The energy storage module increases the discharge power of the energy storage module; determines whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the upper limit voltage value, and if so, if the energy storage module is discharging, the discharge power of the energy storage module is reduced; if the energy storage module does not In the discharge state, the distributed new energy power generation unit is suppressed; whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the lower limit voltage value is determined, and if it is reached, the energy storage module is opened, the discharge power of the energy storage module is increased or the load is reduced, and the control is scientific and reasonable. , control is stable and efficient;
  • the frequency of the microgrid is divided into six regions according to the size, AH zone, AL zone, BH zone, BL zone, CH zone and CL zone; wherein AH zone and AL zone: at rated Near the frequency, The energy storage module and load are good and have sufficient self-adjustment margin, no intervention is needed at this time; BH zone and BL zone: there is a large frequency deviation, the energy storage module is heavily loaded and discharged, and the adjustable power capacity is small. Some precautions to prevent overload should be initiated. If the load is properly reduced, the frequency will be raised to above AL, or the distributed new energy power generation unit will generate power to reduce the frequency to below AH. CH and CL areas: severe frequency deviation The maximum allowable range has been exceeded.
  • the energy storage module has been overloaded.
  • the cutting operation of the distributed new energy power generation unit is carried out; if it is in the CL area, the load is cut off, so that the control is safe, stable and efficient.
  • the reactive power control operation is performed by using the voltage change of the micro grid, and the charging station detects the main voltage of the low voltage main bus. If the main voltage is too low and reaches a certain set value, the increase is increased. The output of the large reactive power compensation device; if the main voltage is too high and reaches a certain set value, the output of the reactive power compensation device is reduced, and the control is simple and efficient.
  • Adopt energy-optimized dispatch management control method as follows: Distributed new energy power generation unit adopts photovoltaic power generation device or wind power generation or hydropower generation, which is renewable energy generation, does not require fuel cost during operation, and therefore has the highest priority. Under normal circumstances, the distributed new energy power generation unit works in the maximum power tracking mode. Whether it is economical or environmental protection requirements, natural energy such as solar energy, wind energy and water energy should be utilized as much as possible, so it is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The cost of electricity is low.
  • the energy optimization scheduling management control method also includes a peak power consumption control method, that is, the charging period of the energy storage module is in the low power period during the night, and the discharging period is in the working period during the day, so that the power consumption cost can be saved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a first implementation principle of a charging station according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a first embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a high voltage electronic control block diagram of a unit module of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the microgrid control management system of the charging station and the various parts of the charging station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium-micro-grid control management system of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a further development of a medium-microgrid control management system of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram showing a second embodiment of the charging station according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage electrical connection of a second embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage control wiring of a second embodiment of a charging station according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a third embodiment of the charging station according to the present invention.
  • 11 is a flow chart of performing active control in the networked mode of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of frequency partition control in an island operation mode of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a flow chart of active control in the island operation mode of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a flow chart showing reactive power control in the island operation mode of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • this embodiment provides a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station, including a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, and the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging.
  • the station unit module includes a power distribution module, an energy storage module, a distributed new energy power generation unit, a load, a distributed new energy power generation unit, and a micro power grid control management system, and the load is an electric vehicle charging pile or an electric vehicle charger.
  • the power distribution module comprises a high voltage power distribution device, a distribution transformer and a low voltage power distribution device, and an input end of the high voltage power distribution device is connected to an external high voltage power grid, and the power distribution transformer is connected to the high voltage power supply at one time.
  • the output of the electric device is connected to the input end of the low-voltage power distribution device, and the low-voltage power distribution device provides a low-voltage main bus with a rated voltage of LM (kV), the energy storage module, the distributed new energy power generation unit, and The load is connected to the low voltage main bus of the low voltage distribution device.
  • the microgrid control management system controls the operation of the entire new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module.
  • the above high-voltage power distribution device comprises a high-voltage electric main bus, a high-voltage power grid access switch, a transformer connection switch and a module cascade switch, and one end of the high-voltage power grid access switch, the transformer connection switch and the module cascade switch are respectively connected to the high voltage power On the main busbar, the input end of the high-voltage power grid access switch is connected to the external high-voltage power grid, the output end of the transformer connection switch is connected to the primary side of the distribution transformer, and the lead-out end of the module cascade switch is used to connect the next-level new energy micro-grid electric High voltage grid access switch for the car charging station unit module.
  • the above-mentioned high-voltage electric main bus, high-voltage power grid access switch, transformer connection switch and module cascade switch are installed in one cabinet to form a high-voltage power distribution cabinet;
  • the low-voltage power distribution device includes a low-voltage main bus line connection and a plurality of low-voltage wiring switches, and several One end of the low-voltage switch is connected to the low-voltage main bus, and the other end is connected to the built-in equipment or lead-out.
  • the low-voltage main bus connection and several low-voltage switch are installed in one cabinet to form a low-voltage power distribution cabinet.
  • the high-voltage power distribution device, distribution transformer and low-voltage power distribution device are integrated and installed in a box to form a box-type complete power distribution equipment.
  • the high-voltage power distribution device is rated for the HM (kV) of 6kV, or 10kV, or 20kV or 35kV according to the capacity of the charging station and the external high-voltage power grid.
  • the rated voltage of the low-voltage power distribution device is LM(kV) 0.4. KV.
  • the energy storage module comprises a power distribution cabinet, a energy storage bidirectional converter and a battery pack, and the power distribution cabinet, the energy storage bidirectional converter and the battery pack are integrally installed to form a box type complete device, and the energy storage module is one or more.
  • N is an integer, that is, the energy storage module may have a range of 1-N. Since the area of the chart is limited, only the energy storage module 1 is drawn.
  • the energy storage module N in fact, the energy storage module can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or even N.
  • the distributed new energy power generation unit is photovoltaic power generation, or wind power generation, or a fuel cell, or a hydroelectric power generation, or an internal combustion engine generator set, or a gas turbine generator set, and the distributed new energy power generation unit may have one or more,
  • N are integers, that is, the distributed distributed new energy power generation unit may have a range of 1-N, because the chart area is limited. So only draw distributed new energy power generation unit 1 and distributed new Energy generation unit N, in fact, distributed new energy generation units can have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or even N.
  • the low-voltage power distribution device described above provides a low-voltage main bus with a rated voltage of LM (kV) and a reactive power compensation device SVG.
  • the reactive power compensation device SVG is controlled by the micro-grid control management system, and the reactive power compensation device SVG is installed at a low voltage. In the electric cabinet.
  • the low-voltage power distribution device provides a low-voltage main bus connection with a rated voltage of LM (kV) and is also connected to a socket, which can be directly connected to the 380V mains with load operation.
  • LM rated voltage
  • the above-mentioned low-voltage power distribution cabinet can also be installed with a built-in electric vehicle charging pile, and the built-in electric vehicle charging pile is connected with the low-voltage main bus; the low-voltage main bus is also connected with an external electric vehicle charging pile, and the external electric vehicle charging pile is located at a low voltage.
  • the energy storage module can also be installed with a built-in electric vehicle charging pile, and the built-in electric vehicle charging pile is directly powered by the energy storage module on the tank of the energy storage module.
  • a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station of the present invention includes at least one new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, and the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle.
  • the charging station unit module includes a power distribution module, an energy storage module, a distributed new energy power generation unit, a load, a reactive power compensation device, and a micro power grid control management system, and the load is an electric vehicle charging pile or an electric vehicle charging machine.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module is divided into three levels of control management, wherein:
  • the controller of the energy storage module, the controller of the distributed new energy power generation unit, the controller of the load, and the controller of the reactive power compensation device are used as the primary controller;
  • the microgrid control management system includes a real-time coordination controller and an energy management control system, a real-time coordination controller as a secondary controller, and an energy management control system as a top controller;
  • the real-time coordination controller is respectively connected with the controller of the energy storage module, the controller of the distributed new energy power generation unit, the controller of the load, the controller of the distributed new energy power generation unit, and the real-time coordination controller coordinates the command of the power distribution module.
  • the energy storage module, the distributed new energy power generation unit, the load, and the reactive power compensation equipment are responsible for the transient stability control in the microgrid;
  • Energy management control system and energy management control system interconnect communication energy management control system Collect various operating parameters of the microgrid and direct the real-time coordinated controller work, responsible for the medium and long-term stability control and energy management of the microgrid.
  • the three-layer control structure system of the micro-grid control management system has different real-time requirements for each layer of controllers.
  • the first-level controller (or local controller) has the fastest response speed, which is millisecond level, and controls the distributed micro-power supply ( Hereinafter, the operation and output of the micro-source are referred to;
  • the secondary controller ie, the real-time coordination controller
  • the third-level controller energy management control system
  • the slowest in seconds. , minute and above, responsible for the medium and long-term steady state control and energy management of the microgrid.
  • the energy management control system is further connected to a telecontrol communication device, and the energy management control system transmits the panoramic data of the microgrid through the telecontrol communication device, and can also access the remote dispatch control center and the informationized cloud service through the telecontrol communication device.
  • the panoramic data of the above microgrid includes analog quantity and state quantity, and the analog quantity includes current, voltage, active power, reactive power, harmonic component, and environmental variable; the state quantity includes position signal of the switch device, device alarm signal, and local control Device action and alarm signals and operational monitoring signals.
  • the real-time coordination controller, the energy management control system, and the remote communication device are connected through a communication bus.
  • the communication bus is also connected to a satellite clock, and the satellite clock provides an accurate time signal for the real-time coordination controller, the energy management control system, and the telecontrol device.
  • the communication bus is connected to a fiber optic box, and the microgrid control management system communicates with the power distribution module, the energy storage module, the distributed new energy power generation unit, the load, and the reactive power compensation device through the optical fiber box.
  • the above fiber optic box is also connected with a plurality of measurement and control devices, and the measurement and control device is used for detecting the operation data of a certain device in the unit module of the electric vehicle charging station of the new energy micro-grid and controlling the power-on or power-off of some devices.
  • the energy management control system described above is a computer system in which a microgrid energy management control software module is installed.
  • the above real-time coordination controller is a computer installed with a micro-grid real-time coordinated management control software module.
  • the power distribution module forms a complete box-type structure, in which a fiber optic box and a measurement and control device are arranged, and there may be multiple measurement and control devices, which can measure the current, voltage and high-voltage power grid access switches of the high-voltage main bus.
  • the state of the transformer connection switch and the module cascade switch can also control the shutdown and closing of the high voltage grid access switch, the transformer connection switch and the module cascade switch, and the measurement and control device passes through the power distribution module.
  • the self-contained fiber optic box is taken out, and the fiber optic box provided by the power distribution module communicates with the fiber optic box of the microgrid control management system through the optical fiber.
  • the reactive power compensation device SVG has a built-in controller, and the reactive power compensation device SVG controller communicates with the fiber optic box of the microgrid control management system through the optical fiber.
  • the distributed new energy power generation unit also has a controller, a built-in fiber optic box and a measurement and control device.
  • the measurement and control device and the controller are connected to the built-in fiber optic box.
  • the controller of the distributed new energy power generation unit is controlled by the built-in fiber optic box and the micro grid.
  • the system's fiber optic box connects to the communication.
  • the energy storage module also has a controller, a built-in fiber optic box and a measurement and control device.
  • the controller of the energy storage module generally refers to the battery management system BMS, the battery management system BMS controls the energy storage bidirectional converter, and the battery management system BMS is built in.
  • the fiber optic box is connected to the fiber optic box of the microgrid control management system.
  • the load also comes with a controller and a built-in fiber optic box, and the load controller communicates with the fiber optic box of the microgrid control management system via a built-in fiber optic box.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the embodiment provided by the embodiment provides a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station, including two new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit modules, which are respectively a level one.
  • New energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module and second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, first-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module and second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module The new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module described in the first embodiment is the same.
  • the input end of the high-voltage grid access switch of the first-class new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module is connected to the external high-voltage power grid, and the module cascade of the first-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module
  • the switch is connected with the high-voltage grid access switch of the second-stage new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, and obtains the high-voltage power provided by the high-voltage power grid with a rated voltage of HM(kV).
  • the micro-grid control management system of the first-class new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module is selected, and the micro-grid control management system of the second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module is subordinated.
  • the main microgrid control management system of the new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module is connected with the subordinate microgrid control management system of the secondary new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module, and is unified by the main microgrid control management system. Transfer data out and coordinate the work of each new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • this embodiment provides a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station, including four new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit modules, respectively, a first-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit.
  • Module two-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, three-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module and four-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module; first-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging
  • the input end of the high-voltage power grid access switch of the station unit module is connected to the external high-voltage power grid, the module cascade switch of the first-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module and the second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module.
  • the high-voltage power grid is connected to the switch, and the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit modules of the remaining levels are connected in series according to the above manner to obtain the high-voltage power provided by the high-voltage power grid with a rated voltage of HM(
  • the micro-grid control management system of the first-class new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module, the micro-grid control management system of the second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module is a subordinate way, the first-level new energy micro-grid electric
  • the main microgrid control management system of the vehicle charging station unit module is connected with the subordinate microgrid control management system of the new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module, and the main microgrid control management system uniformly transmits data and Coordinate the work of the new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module.
  • the primary microgrid control management system of the first-class new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module and the secondary micro-grid control system of the second-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module communicate through optical fiber, that is, using micro-grid control management
  • the implementation of the fiber optic box of the system is very simple and convenient.
  • the subordinate microgrid control management system of the three-level new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station unit module and the sub-microgrid control system of the four-level new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station unit module are also connected to the first-level new energy micro-grid by optical fiber.
  • Microgrid control management system for vehicle charging station unit module are also connected to the first-level new energy micro-grid by optical fiber.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • a control method of a new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station of the present invention adopts the following strategy to perform active control operation in a networked mode: detecting each operating parameter; determining whether the real-time detected load power capacity reaches The maximum allowable power capacity, if it is reached, open the energy storage module, increase the discharge power of the energy storage module or reduce the load; determine whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the upper limit voltage value, if it is, if the energy storage module is discharging, then Reduce the discharge power of the energy storage module; if the energy storage module is not in the discharge state, suppress the distributed new energy power generation unit; determine whether the main voltage of the low voltage main bus reaches the lower limit voltage value, and if so, open the energy storage module and increase The discharge power of the energy storage module or the load reduction.
  • a control method of a new energy microgrid electric vehicle charging station adopts the following strategy to perform reactive power control operation in a networked mode: detecting each operating parameter; if the power factor is low, increasing The output of the reactive power compensation device; if the power factor is up to the critical set value, the output of the reactive power compensation device is reduced.
  • the present invention When the external grid is in a power outage or power down state, the present invention will transition from a networked mode to an islanded mode of operation.
  • the control operation mode of the charging station In the island operation mode, when the high-voltage power supply is interrupted, the control operation mode of the charging station is immediately switched from the networking mode to the island operation mode.
  • the island operation mode mainly uses the frequency change of the micro-grid to perform the active control operation: using the voltage change of the micro-grid Reactive control operation.
  • the frequency of the micro-grid is divided into six regions according to the size, AH zone, AL zone, BH zone, BL zone, CH zone and CL zone, as shown in Fig. 13. It is shown that the frequency fn is the rated working frequency; as shown in Fig. 14, the detection frequency of the micro-grid electric vehicle charging station in the island operation mode is active control operation, when the real-time detection frequency is in the AH area and the AL area, that is, the real-time detection frequency Near the rated frequency fn, the energy storage module and the load are good and have sufficient self-adjustment margin.
  • the dynamic characteristics of the energy storage module follow the active power fluctuation; when the real-time detection frequency is in the BH area and the BL area: Large frequency deviation, heavy-duty discharge or charging of the energy storage module, adjustable power capacity is small, and some precautions to prevent overload should be initiated at this time, such as appropriately reducing the load, increasing the frequency to above AL, or distributed
  • the new energy power generation unit generates power and reduces the frequency to below AH; when the real-time detection frequency is in the CH area and the CL area: the frequency is seriously deviated, which has exceeded the maximum allowable range. In this situation, the energy storage module has been overloaded.
  • the distributed new energy power generation unit In order to prevent the system from collapsing due to the energy storage module cutting, it is necessary to carry out the cutting operation of the distributed new energy power generation unit or the load. If it is in the CH area, the distributed new energy power generation unit is The cutting operation; if in the CL area, the load is removed.
  • the reactive power control operation is performed by using the voltage change of the micro grid.
  • the charging station detects the main voltage of the low voltage main bus, if the main voltage is biased. If the low severity reaches below a certain set value, the output of the reactive power compensation device is increased; if the main voltage is too high and reaches a certain set value, the output of the reactive power compensation device is reduced.
  • the new energy micro-grid electric vehicle charging station of the invention also adopts an energy-optimized dispatch management control method, as follows:
  • the distributed new energy power generation unit adopts a photovoltaic power generation device or wind power generation or hydroelectric power generation, is a renewable energy power generation, and does not operate during operation. The fuel cost is required, so it has the highest priority.
  • the distributed new energy power generation unit works in the maximum power tracking mode. Whether it is economical or environmental protection, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, etc. should be used as much as possible.
  • Natural energy Utilization only when the distributed new energy power generation unit output is greater than the load power, the energy storage module has no chargeable capacity and the distribution network does not allow the micro grid to reverse the power supply, the distributed new energy power generation unit is inhibited from generating power;
  • the charging station complies with the energy optimization scheduling management according to the load demand, the distributed new energy generating unit power generation status, the energy storage module operation plan, and supplements the power shortage in the charging station from the external power grid.
  • the energy optimization scheduling management control method further includes a peak power consumption control method, that is, the charging period of the energy storage module is in the low power period during the night, and the discharging period is in the working period during the day, so that the power consumption cost can be saved.
  • the operation of the energy storage module of the invention is under the dual management of its own battery management system (BMS) and the micro-grid control management system, and the two sets of system information exchanges, so that the energy storage module completes the micro-grid in an optimal working state.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS should have two basic functions, namely estimating the state of charge (SOC) and dynamic monitoring of the battery pack. Accurately estimate the SOC of the battery pack to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range, prevent damage to the battery due to overcharge or overdischarge, and report the SOC of the battery pack to the microgrid control management system in real time.
  • Dynamic monitoring is the real-time collection of the terminal voltage, current, temperature and total battery voltage of each battery in the battery pack during the energy storage process. It is the data source for the battery SOC estimation. And through the monitoring of these quantities, the status of the battery can be reflected in time, so that the micro-grid control management system and the staff can grasp the operating conditions of the battery pack in time.
  • the microgrid control management system interacts with the BMS information of the energy storage module to accurately grasp the state of charge of the energy storage device in real time, thereby making a reasonable energy dispatch management plan and operation.
  • the microgrid control management system also detects the working conditions of the load and the distributed new energy power generation unit in order to be reasonably scheduled.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，在联网模式下进行有功控制运行：检测各运行参数；判断实时检测的负荷功率容量是否达到做最大允许功率容量，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到上限电压值，如果达到，若储能模块正在放电，则减少储能模块的放电功率；若储能模块没有处于放电状态，则抑制分布式新能源发电单元；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到下限电压值，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷。它控制稳定高效。

Description

一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法。
背景技术：
随着以电池为动力的电动车辆不断面世并快速走向市场，能否解决好这些车辆的动力电池的充电问题，已经成为这类新能源车辆能否推广应用的关键之一。
常规的电动汽车充(换)电站的电源取自于公共配电网，经降压后向电动汽车充电桩(充电机)提供电源。目前，虽然出现了一些新能源微电网电动汽车充电站，但其存在如下的不足：
1)控制管理功能不完善，控制不太稳定，缺乏微电网中长期稳定控制和能量管理，也缺乏协调指挥变配电模块、储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元、负荷、无功功率补偿设备的工作负责微电网中暂态稳定控制，因此整个系统控制不稳定，不高效。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，解决目前充(换)电站的控制不稳定，不高效的问题。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站采用如下策略在联网模式下进行有功控制运行：检测各运行参数；判断实时检测的负荷功率容量是否达到做最大允许功率容量，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到上限电压值，如果达到，若储能模块正在放电，则减少储能模块的放电功率；若储能模块没有处于放电状态，则抑制分布式新能源发电单元；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到下限电压值，如果达到，则打开储能模块， 增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷。
上述所述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站采用如下策略在联网模式下进行有功控制运行，具体如下：检测各运行参数；若功率因数偏低，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；若功率因数高达临界设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出。
上述所述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站还包括在孤岛运行模式下，即高压供电中断时，充电站的控制运行模式马上由联网模式自动切换到孤岛运行模式，孤岛运行模式主要利用微电网的频率的变化进行有功控制运行：利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行。
上述当新能源微电网电动汽车充电站在孤岛运行模式下运行时，微电网的频率按大小分成6个区域，AH区、AL区、BH区、BL区、CH区和CL区；其中AH区和AL区：在额定频率附近，储能模块和荷载良好并有足够的自我调节裕度，此时无需干预，由储能模块的动态特性跟随有功功率波动；BH区和BL区：有较大的频率偏差，储能模块重载放电或充电，可调节功率容量较小，此时应启动采取一些防止过载的预备措施，如适当减小负荷，将频率回升至AL以上，或者分布式新能源发电单元发电出力，将频率下降至AH以下；CH区和CL区：频率严重偏差，已经超出了允许的最大范围，出现这种状况时，储能模块已经过载，为了防止储能模块切机导致系统崩溃，必需进行分布式新能源发电单元或负荷的切除操作，若处于CH区，进行分布式新能源发电单元的切除操作；若处于CL区，进行负荷的切除操作。
上述当新能源微电网电动汽车充电站在孤岛运行模式下运行时，利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行，充电站检测低压主母线的主电压，如果主电压偏低严重达到低于某个设定值，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；如果主电压偏高严重达到高于某个设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出。
上述所述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站还采用能量优化调度管理控制方法，具体如下：分布式新能源发电单元是采用光伏发电装置或者风力发电或者 水力发电，是可再生能源发电，运行时不需要燃料成本，因此具有最高的优先权，通常情况下分布式新能源发电单元工作于最大功率跟踪模式，无论是从经济性考虑还是环保要求，都应尽可能地对太阳能、风能、水能等天然能源进行利用，只有当分布式新能源发电单元出力大于负荷用电，储能模块已无可充电容量并且配网不允许微电网倒送电力的情况下才抑制分布式新能源发电单元发电出力；微电网充电站根据负荷需求、分布式新能源发电单元发电状况、储能模块的运行方案，服从能量优化调度管理，从外部电网电源补充充电站内的功率缺额。
上述能量优化调度管理控制方法中还包括错峰用电控制方法，即储能模块的充时段在夜间用电低谷时段，放电时段在日间的工作时段，这样可以节省用电成本。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)本发明的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，联网模式下进行有功控制运行，检测各运行参数；判断实时检测的负荷功率容量是否达到做最大允许功率容量，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到上限电压值，如果达到，若储能模块正在放电，则减少储能模块的放电功率；若储能模块没有处于放电状态，则抑制分布式新能源发电单元；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到下限电压值，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷，控制科学合理，控制稳定高效；
2)本发明的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法若联网模式下无功控制运行，检测各运行参数；若功率因数偏低，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；若功率因数高达临界设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出，控制简便高效稳定。
3)本发明在孤岛运行模式下运行时，微电网的频率按大小分成6个区域，AH区、AL区、BH区、BL区、CH区和CL区；其中AH区和AL区：在额定频率附近， 储能模块和荷载良好并有足够的自我调节裕度，此时无需干预；BH区和BL区：有较大的频率偏差，储能模块重载放电或充电，可调节功率容量较小，此时应启动采取一些防止过载的预备措施，如适当减小负荷，将频率回升至AL以上，或者分布式新能源发电单元发电出力，将频率下降至AH以下；CH区和CL区：频率严重偏差，已经超出了允许的最大范围，出现这种状况时，储能模块已经过载，为了防止储能模块切机导致系统崩溃，必需进行分布式新能源发电单元或负荷的切除操作，若处于CH区，进行分布式新能源发电单元的切除操作；若处于CL区，进行负荷的切除操作，这样控制安全稳定高效。
4)在孤岛运行模式下运行时，利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行，充电站检测低压主母线的主电压，如果主电压偏低严重达到低于某个设定值，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；如果主电压偏高严重达到高于某个设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出，控制简单高效。
5)采用能量优化调度管理控制方法，具体如下：分布式新能源发电单元是采用光伏发电装置或者风力发电或者水力发电，是可再生能源发电，运行时不需要燃料成本，因此具有最高的优先权，通常情况下分布式新能源发电单元工作于最大功率跟踪模式，无论是从经济性考虑还是环保要求，都应尽可能地对太阳能、风能、水能等天然能源进行利用，因此较为节能环保，用电成本低。
6)能量优化调度管理控制方法中还包括错峰用电控制方法，即储能模块的充时段在夜间用电低谷时段，放电时段在日间的工作时段，这样可以节省用电成本。
附图说明：
图1是本发明所涉及的充电站的第一种实施原理示意图；
图2是本发明所涉及的充电站的第一种实施具体方框原理图；
图3是本发明所涉及的充电站的单元模块的高压电控方框图；
图4是本发明所涉及的充电站的微电网控制管理系统与各部分的连接示意 图；
图5是本发明所涉及的充电站的中微电网控制管理系统的结构示意图；
图6是本发明所涉及充电站的中微电网控制管理系统的进一步展开的示意图。
图7是本发明所涉及的充电站的第二种具体实施方框原理图；
图8是本发明涉及的充电站的第二种具体实施方案的高压电气接线示意图；
图9是本发明涉及的充电站的第二种具体实施方案的低压控制接线示意图；
图10是本发明涉及的充电站的第三种具体实施方案的原理示意图；
图11是本发明联网模式下进行有功控制的流程图；
图12是本发明联网模式下进行无功控制的流程图；
图13是本发明孤岛运行模式下的频率分区控制示意图；
图14是本发明孤岛运行模式下的有功控制的流程图；
图15是本发明孤岛运行模式下的无功控制的流程图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1至图3所示，本实施例提供的是一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站，包括有一个新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块，所述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块包括变配电模块、储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元、负荷、分布式新能源发电单元和微电网控制管理系统，所述的负荷是电动汽车充电桩或电动汽车充电机，其中：所述的变配电模块包含高压配电装置、配电变压器和低压配电装置，高压配电装置的输入端接入外部的高压电网，所述的配电变压器一次侧连接于高压配电装置的输出端，二次侧连接于低压配电装置的输入端，低压配电装置提供额定电压为LM(kV)的低压主母线，所述的储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元以及负荷均连接于低压配电装置的低压主母线上， 微电网控制管理系统控制整个新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的工作。
上述高压配电装置包括高压电主母线、高压电网接入开关、变压器连接开关和模块级联开关，高压电网接入开关、变压器连接开关和模块级联开关的一端都分别连接在高压电主母线上，高压电网接入开关输入端接入外部的高压电网，变压器连接开关的输出端连接配电变压器一次侧，模块级联开关的引出端用于连接下一级的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的高压电网接入开关。
上述高压电主母线、高压电网接入开关、变压器连接开关和模块级联开关安装在一个柜中形成高压配电柜；低压配电装置包括低压主母线接线和若干个低压接线开关，若干个低压接线开关的一端分别与低压主母线接线连接，另一端连接内置的设备或者引出，将低压主母线接线和若干个低压接线开关安装在一个柜中形成低压配电柜。
高压配电装置、配电变压器和低压配电装置是集成安装在一个箱体内形成箱式成套变配电设备。高压配电装置按充电站容量以及外部高压电网，外部高压电网提供的额定电压为HM(kV)为6kV，或者10kV，或者20kV或35kV，低压配电装置提供额定电压为LM(kV)为0.4KV。
上述储能模块包含配电柜、储能双向变流器以及电池组，将配电柜、储能双向变流器以及电池组集成安装形成箱式成套设备，储能模块是1个或者多个，图3中只画出储能模块1和储能模块N，N是整数，即储能模块可能有1-N的个数范围，因图表述面积有限，所以只画出储能模块1和储能模块N，其实储能模块可以有1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、甚至N个。
分布式新能源发电单元是光伏发电、或者是风力发电、或者是燃料电池、或者是水力发电、或者是内燃机发电机组、或者是燃气轮机发电机组，分布式新能源发电单元可以1个或者多个，图3中只画出分布式新能源发电单元1和分布式新能源发电单元N，N是整数，即储分布式新能源发电单元可能有1-N的个数范围，因图表述面积有限，所以只画出分布式新能源发电单元1和分布式新 能源发电单元N，其实分布式新能源发电单元可以有1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、甚至N个。
上述所述的低压配电装置提供额定电压为LM(kV)的低压主母线还连接无功补偿设备SVG，无功补偿设备SVG受微电网控制管理系统控制，无功补偿设备SVG安装在低压配电柜中。
上述低压配电装置提供额定电压为LM(kV)的低压主母线接线还连接一个接插口，该接插口可直接接入380V市电中带负荷运行工作。
上述在低压配电柜中还可以安装一个内置电动汽车充电桩，该内置电动汽车充电桩与低压主母线连接；低压主母线还连接外置电动汽车充电桩，该外置电动汽车充电桩位于低压配电柜外，储能模块还可以安装内置电动汽车充电桩，该内置电动汽车充电桩安装储能模块的箱体上由储能模块直接供电。
如图4、图5、图6所示，本发明的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站，至少包括有一个新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块，所述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块包括变配电模块、储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元、负荷、无功功率补偿设备和微电网控制管理系统，所述的负荷是电动汽车充电桩或电动汽车充电机，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块分成3级控制管理，其中：
储能模块的控制器、分布式新能源发电单元的控制器、负荷的控制器、无功功率补偿设备的控制器作为一级控制器；
微电网控制管理系统包括实时协调控制器和能量管理控制系统，实时协调控制器作为二级控制器，能量管理控制系统作为顶层控制器；
实时协调控制器分别与储能模块的控制器、分布式新能源发电单元的控制器、负荷的控制器、分布式新能源发电单元的控制器连接通信，实时协调控制器协调指挥变配电模块、储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元、负荷、无功功率补偿设备的工作负责微电网中暂态稳定控制；
能量管理控制系统与能量管理控制系统相互连接通信，能量管理控制系统 收集微电网的各项运行参数和指挥实时协调控制器工作，负责微电网中长期稳定控制和能量管理。
微电网控制管理系统的三层控制结构体系，每层控制器的实时性要求有所不同，一级控制器(或称就地控制器)响应速度最快，为毫秒级别，控制分布式微电源(以下简称微源)的运行和出力；二级控制器(即实时协调控制器)为毫秒、秒级，负责微网暂态稳定控制；三级控制器(能量管理控制系统)最慢，为秒、分钟及以上级别，负责微网中长期稳态控制和能量管理。
上述能量管理控制系统还连接一远动通信装置，能量管理控制系统将微电网的全景数据通过远动通信装置向外发送，也可通过远动通信装置接入远程调度控制中心和信息化云服务。上述微电网的全景数据包括模拟量和状态量，模拟量包括电流、电压、有功功率、无功功率、谐波分量、环境变量；状态量包括开关设备的位置信号、设备告警信号、就地控制装置动作及告警信号和运行监视信号。
上述实时协调控制器、能量管理控制系统和远动通信装置通过通信总线连接。上述的通信总线还连接有卫星时钟，卫星时钟为实时协调控制器、能量管理控制系统和远动通信装置提供精确的时间信号。上述通信总线连接一个光纤盒，微电网控制管理系统通过光纤盒分别与变配电模块、储能模块、分布式新能源发电单元、负荷、无功功率补偿设备连接通信。上述光纤盒还连接若干个测控装置，测控装置用于检测新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块里面的某设备运行数据以及控制某些设备通电或者断电。上述能量管理控制系统是安装有微电网能量管理控制软件模块的计算机系统。上述实时协调控制器是安装有微电网实时协调管理控制软件模块的计算机。
如图6所示，变配电模块形成成套的箱式结构，里面设置光纤盒和测控装置，测控装置可以有多个，可以测量高压电主母线的电流、电压及高压电网接入开关、变压器连接开关和模块级联开关的状态，也可以控制高压电网接入开关、变压器连接开关和模块级联开关的关断与闭合，测控装置通过变配电模块 自带的光纤盒引出，变配电模块自带的光纤盒通过光纤与微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒连接通信。
无功补偿设备SVG内置控制器，无功补偿设备SVG的控制器通过光纤与微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒连接通信。
分布式新能源发电单元也带有控制器、内置式光纤盒和测控装置，测控装置和控制器连接内置式光纤盒，分布式新能源发电单元的控制器通过内置式光纤盒与微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒连接通信。
储能模块也带有控制器、内置式光纤盒和测控装置，储能模块的控制器一般是指电池管理系统BMS，电池管理系统BMS控制储能双向变流器工作；电池管理系统BMS通过内置式光纤盒与微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒连接通信。
负荷也带有控制器和内置式光纤盒，负荷的控制器通过内置式光纤盒与微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒连接通信。
实施例二：
如图7、图8所示，本实施例提供的本实施例提供的是一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站，包括有2个新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块，分别为一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块，一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块是与实施例一所描述的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块是相同的。图8中由于图片篇幅的关系，没有将一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的结构全部画出来，只是画出了变配电模块部分的电气原理图，因为一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的连接只是在变配电模块的连接。
一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的高压电网接入开关的输入端接入外部的高压电网，一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的模块级联 开关与第二级的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的高压电网接入开关连接，获取高压电网提供的额定电压为HM(kV)的高压电。
图9中由于图片篇幅的关系，没有将一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的结构全部画出来，只是画出了微电网控制管理系统的原理框图，一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统与二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统通过光纤连接通信，即利用微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒实现，非常简单方便。选取其中一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统为主，二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统的为从属的方式，将一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的主微电网控制管理系统与二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的从属微电网控制管理系统连接起来相互通信，由主微电网控制管理系统统一向外传送数据及协调各新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块工作。
实施例三：
图10所示，本实施例提供的是一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站，包括有4个新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块，分别为一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块、二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块、三级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块和四级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块；一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块高压电网接入开关的输入端接入外部的高压电网，一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的模块级联开关与第二级的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的高压电网接入开关连接，其余各级的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块也按以上方式连接串联起来，获取高压电网提供的额定电压为HM(kV)的高压电。
选取其中一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统为主，二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统、 三级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统、四级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统为从属的方式，将一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的主微电网控制管理系统与各级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的从属微电网控制管理系统连接起来相互通信，由主微电网控制管理系统统一向外传送数据及协调各新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块工作。
一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的主微电网控制管理系统与二级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的从属微电网控制管理系统通过光纤连接通信，即利用微电网控制管理系统的光纤盒实现，非常简单方便。三级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的从属微电网控制管理系统和四级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的从属微电网控制管理系统也通过光纤连接一级新能源微电网电动汽车充电站单元模块的微电网控制管理系统。
实施例四：
如图11所示，本发明的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，采用如下策略在联网模式下进行有功控制运行：检测各运行参数；判断实时检测的负荷功率容量是否达到做最大允许功率容量，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到上限电压值，如果达到，若储能模块正在放电，则减少储能模块的放电功率；若储能模块没有处于放电状态，则抑制分布式新能源发电单元；判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到下限电压值，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷。
如图12所示，本发明的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，采用如下策略在联网模式下进行无功控制运行：检测各运行参数；若功率因数偏低，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；若功率因数高达临界设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出。
当外部电网处于停电或者断电状态，本发明将从联网模式转换为孤岛运行模式下。孤岛运行模式下是高压供电中断时，充电站的控制运行模式马上由联网模式切换到孤岛运行模式，孤岛运行模式主要利用微电网的频率的变化进行有功控制运行：利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行。
当新能源微电网电动汽车充电站在孤岛运行模式下运行时，微电网的频率按大小分成6个区域，AH区、AL区、BH区、BL区、CH区和CL区，如图13所示，频率fn是额定工作频率；如图14所示,微电网电动汽车充电站在孤岛运行模式下检测频率的变化进行有功控制运行，当实时检测频率处于AH区和AL区，即实时检测频率在额定频率fn附近，储能模块和荷载良好并有足够的自我调节裕度，此时无需干预，由储能模块的动态特性跟随有功功率波动；当实时检测频率处于BH区和BL区：有较大的频率偏差，储能模块重载放电或充电，可调节功率容量较小，此时应启动采取一些防止过载的预备措施，如适当减小负荷，将频率回升至AL以上，或者分布式新能源发电单元发电出力，将频率下降至AH以下；当实时检测频率处于CH区和CL区：频率严重偏差，已经超出了允许的最大范围，出现这种状况时，储能模块已经过载，为了防止储能模块切机导致系统崩溃，必需进行分布式新能源发电单元或负荷的切除操作，若处于CH区，进行分布式新能源发电单元的切除操作；若处于CL区，进行负荷的切除操作。
当新能源微电网电动汽车充电站在孤岛运行模式下运行时，利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行，如图15所示,充电站检测低压主母线的主电压，如果主电压偏低严重达到低于某个设定值，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；如果主电压偏高严重达到高于某个设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出
本发明的新能源微电网电动汽车充电站还采用能量优化调度管理控制方法，具体如下：分布式新能源发电单元是采用光伏发电装置或者风力发电或者水力发电，是可再生能源发电，运行时不需要燃料成本，因此具有最高的优先权，通常情况下分布式新能源发电单元工作于最大功率跟踪模式，无论是从经济性考虑还是环保要求，都应尽可能地对太阳能、风能、水能等天然能源进行 利用，只有当分布式新能源发电单元出力大于负荷用电，储能模块已无可充电容量并且配网不允许微电网倒送电力的情况下才抑制分布式新能源发电单元发电出力；微电网充电站根据负荷需求、分布式新能源发电单元发电状况、储能模块的运行方案，服从能量优化调度管理，从外部电网电源补充充电站内的功率缺额。能量优化调度管理控制方法中还包括错峰用电控制方法，即储能模块的充时段在夜间用电低谷时段，放电时段在日间的工作时段，这样可以节省用电成本。
本发明的储能模块的运行处于其自身的电池管理系统(BMS)和微电网控制管理系统的双重管理之下，两套系统信息交互，使储能模块以最佳的工作状态完成微电网的运行要求。BMS应具备两个基本的功能，即估测电池组的荷电状态(SOC)和动态监测。准确估测电池组的SOC以保证SOC维持在合理的范围内，防止由于过充电或过放电对电池造成损伤，并且实时地向微电网控制管理系统报告电池组的SOC。动态监测是在储能工作过程中，实时采集电池组中每只电池的端电压、电流、温度以及电池组总电压，是电池组SOC估算的数据来源。并且通过这些量的监测能及时反映电池的状况，从而使微电网控制管理系统和工作人员及时掌握电池组的运行工况。微电网控制管理系统通过与储能模块的BMS信息交互，实时准确掌握储能装置的荷电状态，从而做出合理的能量调度管理计划和操作。当然，微电网控制管理系统也检测负荷和分布式新能源发电单元的工作状况,才能合理调度。
以上实施例为本发明的较佳实施方式，但本发明的实施方式不限于此，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站采用如下策略在联网模式下进行有功控制运行：
    检测各运行参数；
    判断实时检测的负荷功率容量是否达到做最大允许功率容量，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷；
    判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到上限电压值，如果达到，若储能模块正在放电，则减少储能模块的放电功率；若储能模块没有处于放电状态，则抑制分布式新能源发电单元；
    判断低压主母线的主电压是否达到下限电压值，如果达到，则打开储能模块，增大储能模块的放电功率或者减少负荷。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站采用如下策略在联网模式下进行无功控制运行，具体如下：
    检测各运行参数；若功率因数偏低，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；若功率因数高达临界设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站还包括孤岛运行模式，即高压供电中断时，充电站的控制运行模式马上由联网模式切换到孤岛运行模式，孤岛运行模式主要利用微电网的频率的变化进行有功控制运行，利用微电网的电压的变化进行无功控制运行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：孤岛运行模式下的有功控制运行如下：微电网的频率按大小分成6个区域，AH区、AL区、BH区、BL区、CH区和CL区；其中AH区和AL区：在额定频率附近，储能模块和荷载良好并有足够的自我调节裕度，此时无需干预，由储能模块的动态特性跟随有功功率波动；BH区和BL区：有较大的频率偏差，储 能模块重载放电或充电，可调节功率容量较小，此时应启动采取一些防止过载的预备措施，如适当减小负荷，将频率回升至AL以上，或者分布式新能源发电单元发电出力，将频率下降至AH以下；CH区和CL区：频率严重偏差，已经超出了允许的最大范围，出现这种状况时，储能模块已经过载，为了防止储能模块切机导致系统崩溃，必需进行分布式新能源发电单元或负荷的切除操作，若处于CH区，进行分布式新能源发电单元的切除操作；若处于CL区，进行负荷的切除操作。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：孤岛运行模式下的无功控制运行如下：，充电站检测低压主母线的主电压，如果主电压偏低严重达到低于某个设定值，则增大无功功率补偿设备的输出；如果主电压偏高严重达到高于某个设定值，则减少无功功率补偿设备的输出。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：新能源微电网电动汽车充电站还采用能量优化调度管理控制方法，具体如下：
    分布式新能源发电单元是具有最高的优先权，通常情况下分布式新能源发电单元工作于最大功率跟踪模式，当分布式新能源发电单元出力大于负荷用电，多余电能存储在储能模块；若储能模块已无可充电容量并且配网不允许微电网倒送电力的情况下才抑制分布式新能源发电单元发电出力；
    当分布式新能源发电单元出力小于负荷用电，就利用储能模块放电进行补充；当储能模块的放电也不足以补充负荷用电，从外部电网电源补充充电站内的功率缺额。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种新能源微电网电动汽车充电站的控制方法，其特征在于：能量优化调度管理控制方法中还包括错峰用电控制方法，即储能模块的充时段在夜间用电低谷时段，放电时段在日间的工作时段，这样可以节省用电成本。
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