WO2019144739A1 - 一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备 - Google Patents

一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019144739A1
WO2019144739A1 PCT/CN2018/122934 CN2018122934W WO2019144739A1 WO 2019144739 A1 WO2019144739 A1 WO 2019144739A1 CN 2018122934 W CN2018122934 W CN 2018122934W WO 2019144739 A1 WO2019144739 A1 WO 2019144739A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
dual
metal
metal floor
dielectric plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/122934
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗超鸣
邹克利
王光健
黄国龙
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP18902585.1A priority Critical patent/EP3716407B1/en
Publication of WO2019144739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019144739A1/zh
Priority to US16/923,287 priority patent/US11251541B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0275—Ridged horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly to a dual-polarized antenna, a radio frequency front-end device, and a communication device.
  • an antenna is an important part of a wireless communication system.
  • the dual-polarized antenna can simultaneously transmit or receive two electromagnetic wave signals orthogonal to the polarization direction, which is equivalent to providing two transmission channels in the frequency band, which can effectively improve the reliability of the wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b it is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional dual-polarized antenna.
  • the dual-polarized antenna is a planar antenna.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes, in order from top to bottom, a radiation patch and a dielectric plate. Crossed microstrip line L1 and microstrip line L2, dielectric plate 2 and metal floor.
  • the microstrip line L1 is used to couple the excitation radiation patch, and the maximum radiation direction of the generated electromagnetic wave signal is perpendicular to the antenna plane, the polarization direction is parallel to the microstrip line L1 and parallel to the antenna plane; the microstrip line L2 is used to couple the excitation radiation
  • the patch, the maximum radiation direction of the generated electromagnetic wave signal is perpendicular to the antenna plane, and the polarization direction is parallel to the microstrip line L2 and parallel to the antenna plane. Therefore, the two polarization directions of the dual-polarized antenna are orthogonal to each other and parallel to the antenna plane, and the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the antenna plane.
  • the radio frequency circuit In order to avoid the interference of the antenna to the radio frequency circuit, the radio frequency circuit is usually placed at the place where the radiation energy of the antenna is the smallest. According to the antenna pattern of the existing dual-polarized antenna, the radio frequency circuit is placed in the direction of the post-radiation of the dual-polarized antenna and is vertical. In the antenna plane, the RF circuit and the dual-polarized antenna form a three-dimensional structure, which is not easy to realize miniaturization and integration of the device; in addition, the RF circuit needs to be connected to the dual-polarized antenna through the interconnection plug, and the connection method causes significant insertion loss. Increased, and due to the limitation of the wavelength, the size of the interconnect plug is very small, and the assembly process is highly demanded.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a dual-polarized antenna, a radio frequency front-end device, and a communication device.
  • the dual-polarized antenna has a maximum radiation direction parallel to the antenna plane, so that the radio frequency circuit can be set with the dual-polarized antenna.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a dual-polarized antenna, which is a planar antenna, and the dual-polarized antenna includes a H-face horn antenna and a planar end-fire antenna; wherein the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna is perpendicular to Antenna plane, the antenna plane of the present application may be the upper or lower surface of the dual polarized antenna.
  • the polarization direction of the planar end-fire antenna is parallel to the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna, and the polarization directions of the H-face horn antenna and the planar end-fire antenna are perpendicular to each other.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane, and The polarization direction of the planar horn antenna and the polarization direction of the planar end-fire antenna are perpendicular to each other.
  • the horn antenna is a technical term in the field, and the horn antenna includes an E-face horn antenna, a H-face horn antenna, a vertebral body horn antenna and a cone horn antenna, and only the H-face horn antenna has a planar characteristic.
  • the H-face horn antenna can be a H-face horn antenna based on SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide), and the polarization direction is perpendicular to the antenna plane.
  • the planar end-fire antenna is also a planar antenna. The polarization direction is parallel to the antenna plane, and the planar end-fire antenna includes but is not limited to a Vivaldi antenna, a planar Yagi antenna, and a planar logarithmic period antenna.
  • the H-face horn antenna comprises: a first power feeding portion, a first metal via array, a second metal via array, a first metal floor and a second metal floor; wherein the first a metal floor parallel to the second metal floor, the first metal via array being located between the first metal floor and the second metal floor, the first metal via array being perpendicular to the first metal floor and a second metal floor, a top end of the first metal via array is connected to the first metal floor, a bottom end of the first metal via array is connected to the second metal floor; and a second metal via array is located Between the first metal floor and the second metal floor, and perpendicular to the first metal floor and the second metal floor, a top end of the second metal via array is connected to the first metal floor The bottom end of the second metal via array is connected to the second metal floor; the first metal floor, the second metal floor, the first metal via array, and the second metal via Array constitutes a waveguide cavity
  • the first feeding portion is configured to feed the waveguide cavity;
  • the planar end-fire antenna includes a second power feeding portion and a radiation patch; wherein the radiation patch is parallel to the first metal floor and the second metal floor, and the second power feeding portion is configured to The radiating patch feeds.
  • the distance between the first metal via array and the second metal via array is gradually increased.
  • the distance between the first metal via array and the second metal via array remains unchanged and then gradually increases.
  • the first metal via array is parallel to the second metal via array.
  • the dual polarized antenna further includes a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a first feed layer, and a second feed layer; wherein the first dielectric plate is disposed on the first a lower surface of the metal floor, the first feed layer is disposed on an upper surface of the first metal floor; the second dielectric plate is disposed on an upper surface of the second metal floor, the second feed layer And disposed between the lower surface of the first dielectric plate and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate.
  • the first dielectric plate, the second feeding layer, and the second dielectric plate are provided with through holes for the first metal via array and the second metal via array to pass.
  • the first feeding portion includes a first microstrip line and a feed probe; wherein the first microstrip line is connected to the feed probe, the first feed a through hole is disposed between the electric layer and the second metal floor, and the through hole is used for the feeding probe to pass;
  • the second feeding portion includes a second microstrip line disposed between a lower surface of the first dielectric plate and an upper surface of the second feeding layer,
  • the radiation patch is disposed between the lower surface of the second feeding layer and the upper surface of the second dielectric plate, and the upper surface of the second dielectric layer does not cover the regions of the radiation patch to form two a communicating rectangular region and a flared region, the flare of the flared region being perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction.
  • the metal via array includes three metal via queues that are semi-enclosed rectangles.
  • the dual polarized antenna further includes a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the first dielectric plate is disposed on an upper surface of the first metal floor, and the second dielectric plate Provided between the first metal floor and the second metal floor.
  • the first feeding portion includes a first microstrip line and a feeding probe, and the first microstrip line is disposed on an upper surface of the first dielectric plate, the first microstrip line and the feeding probe The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is provided with a through hole, and the feeding probe is located in the through hole.
  • the second feeding portion includes a second microstrip line, and the second microstrip line and the radiation patch are disposed on the first dielectric plate.
  • the present application provides a radio frequency front end device, including: a radio frequency circuit board, a radio frequency circuit, and any one of the above dual-polarized antennas, wherein the dual-polarized antenna and the radio frequency circuit are disposed on the radio frequency circuit board.
  • the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the RF circuit board, that is, the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the RF circuit board, and the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna is perpendicular to the RF circuit board, and the polarization direction of the planar end-fired antenna Parallel to the RF circuit board, and the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna, the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna, and the polarization direction of the planar end-fire antenna are perpendicular to each other.
  • the present application provides a communication device including the above-described radio frequency front end device.
  • the dual-polarized antenna is a planar antenna, and the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane, so that the radio frequency circuit can be disposed in the opposite direction of the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna and with the bipolar
  • the antennas are located on the same circuit board to achieve low profile characteristics.
  • the RF circuit and the dual-polarized antenna do not need to be connected by interconnecting plugs, which reduces insertion loss and reduces assembly difficulty.
  • 1a is a schematic plan view of a conventional dual-polarized antenna
  • Figure 1b is a side view of a conventional dual-polarized antenna
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2b is another schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2c is another schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a is a perspective view showing the assembly of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic side view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3c is a schematic plan view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4a is another assembled perspective view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4b is another schematic side view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4c is another schematic plan view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5a to 5d are electric field patterns of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the communication device in the present application is a device having a wireless communication function, and may be a handheld device having a wireless communication function, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • Terminal devices in different networks may be called different names, such as: user equipment, access terminals, subscriber units, subscriber stations, mobile stations, mobile stations, remote stations, remote terminals, mobile devices, user terminals, terminals, wireless communications.
  • Device, user agent or user device cellular phone, cordless phone, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Terminal equipment in a 5G network or a future evolution network.
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • WLL Wireless Local Loop
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • the communication device in the present application may also be a device deployed in the radio access network to provide wireless communication functions, including but not limited to: a base station (for example, BTS (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), Node B (NodeB, NB) ), an evolved base station B (eNB or eNodeB), a transmission node or a transmission reception point (TRP or TP) in the NR system, or a generation node B (gNB), in a future communication network.
  • Base station or network equipment relay station, access point, in-vehicle device, wearable device, Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) site, wireless backhaul node, small station, micro station, and so on.
  • FIG. 2a is a front view of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the radio frequency front end device includes a radio frequency circuit, a dual polarized antenna and a radio frequency circuit board, and the radio frequency circuit and the dual polarization
  • the antenna is disposed on the RF circuit board
  • the dual-polarized antenna is a planar antenna
  • the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna is a plane on which the upper surface of the dual-polarized antenna is located.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a H-face horn antenna and a planar end-fire antenna (not shown in FIG.
  • the planar end-fire antenna is an antenna whose polarization direction is parallel to the antenna plane.
  • the planar end-fire antenna includes but is not limited to a Vivaldi antenna, a planar Yagi antenna, a plane logarithmic periodic antenna, etc., and the planar end-fire antenna in this embodiment is parallel to The antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna, the antenna plane is parallel to the RF circuit board at the same time. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the dual-polarized antenna is rectangular, and the planar end-fired antenna is parallel to the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna and perpendicular to the bipolar.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is the direction of the main lobe in the antenna pattern.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment is parallel to the antenna plane, and the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna.
  • the direction of the planar end-fire antenna for example, the shape of the dual-polarized antenna shown in FIG.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the planar end-fire antenna and the H-face horn antenna The direction of polarization while the direction of maximum radiation is perpendicular to the right side of the dual polarized antenna.
  • the radio frequency circuit is configured to transmit the generated electromagnetic wave signal and process the received electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the radio frequency circuit is located behind the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna, for example, the radio frequency circuit.
  • the shape is a rectangle, and the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the RF circuit board and perpendicular to the right side of the dual-polarized antenna, and the RF circuit is adjacent to the left side of the dual polarization direction.
  • the dual-polarized antenna comprises an H-face horn antenna and a planar antenna, the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane, and the maximum radiation direction is orthogonal to the two polarization directions, thereby
  • the RF circuit and the dual-polarized antenna can be disposed on the same RF circuit board, thereby avoiding the problems of high loss, insufficient space, and high process requirements of the antenna interconnection interface introduced in the existing RF front-end device.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic side view of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radio frequency front end device includes a radio frequency circuit board having a multi-layer structure, and one layer is disposed on each circuit board.
  • a radio frequency circuit and a dual-polarized antenna, and a plurality of dual-polarized antennas form an antenna array. Different polarized antennas in the antenna array have the same polarization direction and maximum radiation direction.
  • the positional relationship between the two polarization directions and the maximum radiation direction of each dual-polarized antenna can be referred to the description of FIG. 2a. I will not repeat them here.
  • a plurality of dual-polarized antennas are arranged in an array in the RF front-end module through a multi-layered circuit board, and a low-profile characteristic can be realized while ensuring high gain characteristics and the antenna array can be Form a phased array for angular scanning.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a radio frequency front end device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radio frequency front end device includes a radio frequency circuit board, and a radio frequency circuit disposed on the radio frequency circuit board and four Dual-polarized antennas, four dual-polarized antennas are distributed around the RF circuit, and four dual-polarized antennas are planar antennas.
  • the dual-polarized antenna 1 on the upper side of the radio frequency circuit is a dual-polarized antenna 2 on the right side of the radio frequency circuit, the dual-polarized antenna 3 on the lower side of the radio frequency circuit, and the dual-polarized antenna on the left side of the radio frequency circuit. 4.
  • the positional relationship between the polarization direction and the maximum radiation direction of each dual-polarized antenna can be referred to the description of FIG. 2a, and details are not described herein again.
  • the opposite radiation directions of the opposite two dual-polarized antennas are opposite, for example, the opposite radiation directions of the opposite dual-polarized antenna 1 and the dual-polarized antenna 2 are opposite, and the opposite dual-polarized antenna 2 and the bipolar
  • the maximum radiation direction of the antenna 4 is opposite, and the maximum radiation direction of the four polarized antennas is diverged outwardly around the radio frequency circuit.
  • the shape of the RF circuit is rectangular, the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna 1 is perpendicular to the top edge of the RF circuit, and the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna 3 is perpendicular to the bottom edge of the RF circuit, and the dual-polarized antenna 2
  • the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the right side of the radio frequency circuit, and the maximum radiation direction of the dual polarized antenna 4 is perpendicular to the left side of the radio frequency circuit.
  • the control unit in the terminal device can implement functions such as omnidirectional radiation or angle scanning by controlling the turning on or off of one or more dual-polarized antennas.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a H-face horn antenna and a planar end-fire antenna,
  • the face horn antenna includes a first power feeder, a metal via array V1, a metal floor G1, and a metal floor G2.
  • the dual polarized antenna includes a second feed portion and a radiation patch R1.
  • the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2.
  • the metal via array V1 includes two oppositely disposed first metal via queues and a second metal via queue.
  • the first metal via queue and the second metal via queue are parallel; or the first metal via
  • the distance between the queue and the second metal via queue increases linearly; or the distance between the first metal via queue and the second metal via queue remains unchanged and then linearly increases.
  • the metal via array V1 includes a plurality of metal vias.
  • the metal via array V1 is located between the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G1. The top end of each metal via is connected to the metal floor G1 and the bottom end of each metal via is connected to the metal.
  • the first metal via queue, the second metal via queue, the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G1 constitute one waveguide cavity, and the first metal via queue and the second metal via queue serve as two sides of the waveguide cavity
  • the wall, the metal floor G1 serves as the top surface of the waveguide cavity
  • the metal floor G2 serves as the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity.
  • the first feeding portion is configured to feed the waveguide cavity to excite the waveguide cavity to generate an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the radiation patch is parallel to the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2, and the second feeding portion is for feeding the radiation patch R1, and the excitation radiation patch generates an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the dual-polarized antenna further includes: a dielectric plate L1, a dielectric plate L2, a feeding layer F1, and a feeding layer F2.
  • the antenna plane may be the feed layer F1.
  • the positional relationship between the layers is: the feeding layer F1, the metal floor G1, the dielectric plate L1, the feeding layer F2, the dielectric plate L2, and the metal floor G2.
  • the dielectric plate L1 and the dielectric plate 2 may be formed by laminating a plurality of dielectric plates.
  • the dielectric plate L1 and the dielectric plate L2 may be made of the same dielectric material, and the feeding layer F1 and the feeding layer F2 may also be composed of a dielectric material.
  • the dielectric plate L1 is disposed on the lower surface of the metal floor G1, and the feeding layer F1 is disposed on the upper surface of the metal floor G1.
  • the dielectric plate L1 completely covers the lower surface of the metal floor G1, and the feeding layer F1 completely covers the metal.
  • the dielectric plate L2 is disposed on the upper surface of the metal floor G1, for example, the dielectric plate L2 is completed to cover the upper surface of the metal floor G1.
  • the radiation patch R1 is attached to the upper surface of the dielectric panel L2, and the radiation patch R1 does not completely cover the dielectric panel L2, and the second feeding portion is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric panel L1.
  • the feed layer F2 is located between the second radiating portion and the radiation patch R1.
  • the feed layer F2 has the same shape and size as the dielectric sheet L1.
  • the planar end-fire antenna is a Vivlaldi antenna. Since the radiation patch R1 does not completely cover the dielectric panel L2, the region where the dielectric panel L2 does not cover the radiation patch R2 includes two rectangular regions that communicate with each other. In the flared area, the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is perpendicular to the flare of the flared area.
  • the first feeding part comprises a microstrip line S1 and a feeding probe V2, the microstrip line S1 is connected with the feeding probe V2, and the microstrip line S1 covers the upper surface of the feeding layer S1, and is fed
  • the layer F1 to the metal floor G2 are provided with one vertical through hole, and the feed probe V2 is disposed in the through hole.
  • the planar end-fire antenna is a Vivlaldi antenna, the microstrip line S2 covers the upper surface of the feed layer F2, and the microstrip line S2 is located in the waveguide cavity, and the microstrip line S2 excites the radiation patch R1 to generate a polarization direction parallel to;
  • the microstrip line S1 includes two vertical traces.
  • the dual-polarized antenna is a planar antenna
  • the dual-polarized antenna comprises a SIW-based H-face horn antenna and a Vivlaldi antenna.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the bell mouth, H-plane
  • the polarization direction of the horn antenna is perpendicular to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction.
  • the polarization direction of the Vivlaldi antenna is parallel to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction, so that the RF circuit can be placed on the opposite side of the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna.
  • the low profile is achieved, and the RF circuit and the dual-polarized antenna do not need to be connected by interconnecting plugs, which reduces insertion loss and reduces assembly difficulty.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a H-face horn antenna and a planar end-fire antenna.
  • the H-face horn antenna includes a metal via array V1, a metal floor G1, a metal floor G2, and a first power feeding portion
  • the planar end-fire antenna includes a second power feeding portion and a radiation patch R1.
  • the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2.
  • the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2 are parallel, a metal via array V1 is disposed between the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2, and the metal via array V1 includes three metal via arrays having a semi-enclosed rectangle, and the metal via array The V1 is located between the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G1.
  • the metal via array V1 includes a plurality of metal vias perpendicular to the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2. The top of each metal via is connected to the metal floor G1 and each metal passes.
  • the bottom end of the hole is connected to the metal floor G2, the metal floor G1, the metal floor G2 and the metal via array V1 form a waveguide cavity, the via hole array serves as a side wall of the waveguide cavity, and the metal floor G1 serves as the waveguide cavity.
  • the metal floor G2 serves as the bottom surface of the waveguide cavity.
  • the first feeding portion is configured to feed the waveguide cavity, and the excitation waveguide cavity generates an electromagnetic wave signal, and the generated electromagnetic wave signal has a polarization direction perpendicular to the antenna plane.
  • the radiation patch R1 is parallel to the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2, and the second feeding portion is for feeding the radiation patch R1, and the excitation radiation patch R1 generates an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic side view of the dual-polarized antenna, and the dual-polarized antenna further includes a dielectric plate L1 and a dielectric plate L2.
  • the antenna plane of the dual-polarized antenna is the dielectric plate L1, the dielectric plate L1 is located on the upper layer of the metal floor G1, the dielectric plate L2 is located between the metal floor G1 and the metal floor G2, and the dielectric plate L2 is provided with a plurality of metal plates.
  • FIG. 4c is a front view of the dual-polarized antenna.
  • the first feeding portion includes a microstrip line S1 and a feeding probe V2.
  • the upper surface of the dielectric plate L1 is provided with a through hole.
  • the feed probe V2 is located in the through hole.
  • the planar end-fire antenna is a Yagi antenna
  • the second feed portion includes a microstrip line S2
  • the microstrip line S2 may be an S-shaped trace
  • the radiation patch R1 is disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric plate L1, wherein the radiation patch R1 may include A plurality of metal patches parallel to the flare of the H-face horn antenna.
  • the dual-polarized antenna is a planar antenna
  • the dual-polarized antenna includes a HW-based horn antenna and a Yagi antenna.
  • the maximum radiation direction of the dual-polarized antenna is parallel to the antenna plane and vertical.
  • the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna is perpendicular to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction
  • the polarization direction of the Yagi antenna is parallel to the antenna plane and perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction, so that the RF circuit can be disposed on the dual-polarized antenna.
  • the dual-polarized antenna of the embodiment does not need to introduce a feeding layer, which reduces the thickness of the antenna.
  • the electric field pattern of the dual-polarized antenna is used.
  • the dual-polarized antenna is provided with a three-dimensional coordinate system, and the antenna plane is parallel to the YOZ plane, and FIG. 5a represents H.
  • FIG. 5a represents H.
  • the electric field pattern of the surface horn antenna in the XOZ plane FIG. 5b shows the electric field pattern of the H-face horn antenna in the YOZ plane;
  • FIG. 5c shows the electric field pattern of the plane end-fire antenna in the XOZ plane, and
  • FIG. 5d shows the plane-end antenna in the YOZ Plane electric field pattern
  • the maximum radiation direction of the H-face horn antenna and the planar end-fire antenna is in the +Z-axis direction, and the maximum radiation direction is parallel to the antenna plane (ie, the YOZ plane).
  • the maximum electric field direction of the H-face horn antenna is the X-axis direction, perpendicular to the antenna plane, achieving polarization in one direction (for example, vertical polarization), and the maximum electric field direction of the planar end-fire antenna is Y-axis direction, parallel to The antenna plane achieves polarization (eg, horizontal polarization) in another direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the H-face horn antenna.

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Abstract

本申请公开了双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备。双极化天线的为平面天线，且双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，这样射频电路可以设置在双极化天线的最大辐射方向的反方向上且与双极化天线位于同一电路板上，实现低剖面的特性，射频电路和双极化天线之间无需通过互连插头连接，减少了插入损耗和降低了装配难度。

Description

一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备
本申请要求在2018年01月27日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201810080107.X、发明名称为“一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及天线领域，尤其涉及一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备。
背景技术
天线作为发射和接收电磁波的装置，是无线通信系统的重要组成部分。双极化天线能够同时发射或接收两个极化方向正交的电磁波信号，相当于在频带上提供两个传输信道，能有效提升无线通信系统的可靠性。
参见图1a和1b所示，为现有的双极化天线的结构示意图，该双极化天线为平面天线，双极化天线从上到下依次包括：辐射贴片、介质板1、相互正交的微带线L1和微带线L2、介质板2和金属地板。微带线L1用于耦合激励辐射贴片，激励生成的电磁波信号的最大辐射方向垂直于天线平面，极化方向平行于微带线L1且平行于天线平面；微带线L2用于耦合激励辐射贴片，激励生成的电磁波信号的最大辐射方向垂直于天线平面，极化方向平行于微带线L2且平行于天线平面。因此，该双极化天线的两个极化方向相互正交，且平行于天线平面，最大辐射方向垂直于天线平面。
为了避免天线对射频电路的干扰，通常将射频电路置于天线辐射能量最小的地方，根据现有的双极化天线的天线方向图，射频电路置于双极化天线的辐射后瓣方向且垂直于天线平面，射频电路和双极化天线形成立体结构，不易实现设备的小型化和集成化；另外，射频电路需要通过互连插头与双极化天线进行连接，这种连接方式造成插入损耗显著提高，而且由于波长的限制互连插头的体积非常小，对装配工艺的要求高。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种双极化天线、射频前端装置和通信设备，双极化天线具有的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，这样射频电路可以与双极化天线设置于同一个电路板上，避免使用互联插头进行连接，实现低剖面的特性。
本申请第一方面提供了一种双极化天线，该双极化天线为平面天线，双极化天线包括H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线；其中，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于天线平面，本申请的天线平面可以是双极化天线的上表面或下表面。平面端射天线的极化方向平行于双极化天线的天线平面，H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线的极化方向相互垂直，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，且与H面喇叭天线的极化方向和平面端射天线的极化方向相互垂直。
其中，喇叭天线为本领域技术术语，喇叭天线包括E面喇叭天线、H面喇叭天线、椎体喇叭天线和圆锥喇叭天线，只有H面喇叭天线才具有平面特性。H面喇叭天线作为 一种平面天线，可以为基于SIW((Substrate Integrated Waveguide，衬底集成波导)的H面喇叭天线，极化方向垂直于天线平面。平面端射天线也为一种平面天线，其极化方向平行于天线平面，平面端射天线包括但不限于Vivaldi天线、平面八木天线、平面对数周期天线。
在一种可能的设计中，H面喇叭天线包括：第一馈电部、第一金属过孔阵列、第二金属过孔阵列、第一金属地板和第二金属地板；其中，所述第一金属地板平行于所述第二金属地板，所述第一金属过孔阵列位于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板之间，第一金属过孔阵列垂直于第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板，所述第一金属过孔阵列的顶端连接所述第一金属地板，所述第一金属过孔阵列的底端连接所述第二金属地板；第二金属过孔阵列位于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板之间，且垂直于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板，所述第二金属过孔阵列的顶端连接所述第一金属地板，所述第二金属过孔阵列的底端连接所述第二金属地板；所述第一金属地板、所述第二金属地板、所述第一金属过孔阵列和所述第二金属过孔阵列构成一个导波腔体，所述第一馈电部用于给所述导波腔体馈电；
平面端射天线包括第二馈电部和辐射贴片；其中，所述辐射贴片平行于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板，所述第二馈电部用于给所述辐射贴片馈电。
在一种可能的设计中，第一金属过孔阵列和所述第二金属过孔阵列之间的距离逐渐增大。
在一种可能的设计中，第一金属过孔阵列和第二金属过孔阵列之间的距离先保持不变再逐渐增大。
在一种可能的设计中，第一金属过孔阵列平行于第二金属过孔阵列。
在一种可能的设计中，双极化天线还包括第一介质板、第二介质板、第一馈电层和第二馈电层；其中，所述第一介质板设置于所述第一金属地板的下表面，所述第一馈电层设置于所述第一金属地板的上表面；所述第二介质板设置于所述第二金属地板的上表面，所述第二馈电层设置于所述第一介质板的下表面和所述第二介质板的上表面之间。所述第一介质板、所述第二馈电层和所述第二介质板上设置贯穿孔，该贯穿孔供所述第一金属过孔阵列和所述第二金属过孔阵列通过。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第一馈电部包括第一微带线和馈电探针；其中，所述第一微带线和所述馈电探针连接，所述第一馈电层至所述第二金属地板之间设置有贯穿孔，该贯穿孔供所述馈电探针通过；
所述第二馈电部包括第二微带线，所述第二微带线设置于所述所述第一介质板的下表面和所述第二馈电层的上表面之间，所述辐射贴片设置于所述第二馈电层的下表面和所述第二介质板的上表面之间，所述第二介质层的上表面未覆盖所述辐射贴片的区域形成相互两个连通的矩形区域和喇叭形区域，所述喇叭形区域的喇叭口与所述最大辐射方向垂直。
在一种可能的设计中，所述金属过孔阵列包括三个呈半包围矩形的金属过孔队列。
在一种可能的设计中，双极化天线还包括第一介质板和第二介质板，其中，所述第一介质板设置于所述第一金属地板的上表面，所述第二介质板设置于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板之间。
在一种可能的设计中，第一馈电部包括第一微带线和馈电探针，第一微带线设置于第一介质板的上表面，第一微带线和馈电探针连接，所述第一介质板的上表面设置有一个贯穿孔，馈电探针位于该贯穿孔内。第二馈电部包括第二微带线，第二微带线和辐射贴片设置于第一介质板上。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种射频前端装置，其特征在于，包括：射频电路板、射频电路和上述任意一种双极化天线，双极化天线和射频电路设置于射频电路板上，双极化天线的天线平面平行于射频电路板，即双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于射频电路板，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于射频电路板，平面端射天线的极化方向平行于射频电路板，且双极化天线的最大辐射方向、H面喇叭天线的极化方向和平面端射天线的极化方向三者相互垂直。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种通信设备，通信设备包括上述的射频前端装置。
根据以上的实施例，双极化天线的为平面天线，且双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，这样射频电路可以设置在双极化天线的最大辐射方向的反方向上且与双极化天线位于同一电路板上，实现低剖面的特性，射频电路和双极化天线之间无需通过互连插头连接，减少了插入损耗和降低了装配难度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1a是现有的双极化天线的平面示意图；
图1b是现有的双极化天线的侧面示意图；
图2a是本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的结构示意图；
图2b是本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的另一结构示意图；
图2c是本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的另一结构示意图；
图3a本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的组装透视示意图；
图3b是本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的侧面示意图；
图3c是本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的平面示意图；
图4a是本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的另一组装透视示意图；
图4b是本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的另一侧面示意图；
图4c是本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的另一平面示意图；
图5a至图5d是本发明实施例的双极化天线的电场方向图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例进行描述。
本申请中的通信设备是一种具有无线通信功能的设备，可以是具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备等。在不同的网络中终端设备可以叫做不同的名称，例如：用户设备、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设 备、用户代理或用户装置、蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、5G网络或未来演进网络中的终端设备等。
本申请中的通信设备也可以是一种部署在无线接入网用以提供无线通信功能的设备，包括但不限于：基站(例如：BTS(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，节点B(NodeB，NB)，演进型基站B(Evolutional Node B，eNB或eNodeB)，NR系统中的传输节点或收发点(transmission reception point，TRP或者TP)或者下一代节点B(generation nodeB，gNB)，未来通信网络中的基站或网络设备)、中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备，无线保真(Wireless-Fidelity，Wi-Fi)的站点、无线回传节点、小站、微站等等。
请一并参见图2a至图2c，图2a是本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的正面示意图，射频前端装置包括射频电路、双极化天线和射频电路板，射频电路和双极化天线设置在射频电路板上，双极化天线为平面天线，双极化天线的天线平面为该双极化天线的上表面所在的平面。双极化天线包括H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线(图2a中未画出)，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂于双极化天线的天线平面，例如图2a所示，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于天线平面且向内。平面端射天线为极化方向平行于天线平面的天线，例如：平面端射天线包括但不限于Vivaldi天线、平面八木天线、平面对数周期天线等，本实施例中的平面端射天线平行于双极化天线的天线平面，天线平面同时平行于射频电路板，例如图2a所示，双极化天线的形状为矩形，平面端射天线平行于双极化天线的天线平面且垂直于双极化天线的底边。双极化天线的最大辐射方向为天线方向图中主瓣的方向，本实施例中的双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，且最大辐射方向垂直于H面喇叭天线的极化方向和平面端射天线的方向，例如图2a所示双极化天线的形状为矩形，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面且垂直于平面端射天线的极化方向和H面喇叭天线的极化方向，同时最大辐射方向垂直于双极化天线的右侧边。
其中，射频电路用于发送生成的电磁波信号以及处理接收到的电磁波信号，为了降低双极化天线对射频电路的干扰，射频电路位于双极化天线的最大辐射方向的后面，例如：射频电路的形状为矩形，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于射频电路板，且垂直于双极化天线的右侧边，则射频电路和双极化方向的左侧边相邻。
根据本发明的实施例中，双极化天线为包括H面喇叭天线和平面天线，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面，且最大辐射方向和两个极化方向正交，由此射频电路和双极化天线可以设置于同一射频电路板上，避免现有的射频前端装置中引入天线互连接口存在的高损耗、空间不足和工艺要求高的问题。
参见图2b，为本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的侧面示意图，在本发明实施例中，该射频前端装置包括具有多层结构的射频电路板，每层电路板上设置有1个射频电路和1个双极化天线，多个双极化天线构成天线阵列。天线阵列中不同的双极化天线之间具有相同的极化方向和最大辐射方向，每个双极化天线的两个极化方向以及最大辐射方向之间的位置关系可参照图2a的描述，此处不再赘述。
在本发明实施例中，通过多层结构的电路板使多个双极化天线以阵列的形式布局在射频前端模块，在实现低剖面的特性的同时，又能保证高增益特性而且天线阵列可以构成相 控阵进行角度扫描。
参见图2c，为本发明实施例提供的一种射频前端装置的正面示意图，在本发明实施例中，该射频前端装置包括、射频电路板、以及设置于射频电路板上的射频电路和4个双极化天线，4个双极化天线分布在射频电路的四周，4个双极化天线均为平面天线。其中，位于射频电路上侧的双极化天线1，位于射频电路右侧的为双极化天线2，位于射频电路下侧的双极化天线3，位于射频电路左侧的为双极化天线4。其中，各个双极化天线的极化方向和最大辐射方向之间的位置关系可参照图2a的描述，此处不再赘述。需要说明的是，相对的两个双极化天线的最大辐射方向相反，例如：相对的双极化天线1和双极化天线2的最大辐射方向相反，相对的双极化天线2和双极化天线4的最大辐射方向相反，且4个极化天线的最大辐射方向以射频电路为中心向外发散。
可选的，射频电路的形状为矩形，双极化天线1的最大辐射方向垂于射频电路的顶边，双极化天线3的最大辐射方向垂直于射频电路的底边，双极化天线2的最大辐射方向垂直于射频电路的右边，双极化天线4的最大辐射方向垂直于射频电路的左边。终端设备中的控制单元可通过控制1个或多个双极化天线的开启或关闭来实现全向辐射或角度扫描等功能。
请一并参见图3a至图3c，为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的结构示意图，在本发明实施例中，双极化天线包括H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线，H面喇叭天线包括第一馈电部、金属过孔阵列V1、金属地板G1和金属地板G2。双极化天线包括第二馈电部和辐射贴片R1。
其中，双极化天线的天线平面平行于金属地板G1和金属地板G2。金属过孔阵列V1包括两个相对放置的第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列，可选的，第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列平行；或第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列之间的距离呈线性逐渐增大；或者第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列之间的距离先保持不变再呈线性逐渐增大。金属过孔阵列V1包括多个金属过孔，金属过孔阵列V1位于金属地板G1和金属地板G1之间，每个金属过孔的顶端连接金属地板G1且每个金属过孔的底端连接金属地板G2。第一金属过孔队列、第二金属过孔队列、金属地板G1和金属地板G1构成1个波导腔体，第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列作为该波导腔体的两个侧壁，金属地板G1作为该波导腔体的顶面，金属地板G2作为该波导腔体的底面。第一馈电部用于给该波导腔体进行馈电，激励上述的波导腔体产生电磁波信号。辐射贴片平行于金属地板G1和金属地板G2，第二馈电部用于给辐射贴片R1馈电，激励辐射贴片产生电磁波信号。
可选的，参见图3b所示的双极化天线的侧面示意图，双极化天线还包括：介质板L1、介质板L2、馈电层F1和馈电层F2。其中，天线平面可以为馈电层F1。根据从上到下的顺序，各层之间的位置关系为：馈电层F1、金属地板G1、介质板L1、馈电层F2、介质板L2、金属地板G2。介质板L1和介质板2可以由多层介质板贴合而成，介质板L1和介质板L2可以采用相同的介质材料，馈电层F1和馈电层F2也可以由介质材料组成。其中，介质板L1设置于金属地板G1的下表面，馈电层F1设置于金属地板G1的上表面，可选的，介质板L1完全覆盖金属地板G1的下表面，馈电层F1完全覆盖金属地板G1的上表面。介质板L2设置于金属地板G1的上表面，例如：介质板L2完成覆盖于金属地板 G1的上表面。辐射贴片R1贴合于介质板L2的上表面，且辐射贴片R1未完全覆盖介质板L2，第二馈电部设置于介质板L1的下表面。馈电层F2位于第二辐射部和辐射贴片R1之间，可选的，馈电层F2的形状和大小与介质板L1介质板L相同。可选的，参见图3b所示，平面端射天线为Vivlaldi天线，由于辐射贴片R1未完全覆盖介质板L2，介质板L2未覆盖辐射贴片R2的区域包括两个相互连通的矩形区域和喇叭形区域，双极化天线的最大辐射方向垂直于喇叭形区域的喇叭口。
进一步可选的，第一馈电部包括微带线S1和馈电探针V2，微带线S1和馈电探针V2连接，微带线S1覆盖于馈电层S1的上表面，馈电层F1至金属地板G2设置有1个垂直的贯穿孔，馈电探针V2设置于该贯穿孔内。平面端射天线为Vivlaldi天线，微带线S2覆盖于馈电层F2的上表面，且微带线S2位于波导腔体内，微带线S2激励辐射贴片R1产生极化方向平行于；可选的，微带线S1包括两个垂直的走线。
根据上述的实施例，双极化天线为平面天线，双极化天线包括基于SIW的H面喇叭天线和Vivlaldi天线，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面且垂直于喇叭口，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于天线平面且垂直于最大辐射方向，Vivlaldi天线的极化方向平行于天线平面且垂直于最大辐射方向，这样射频电路可以设置在双极化天线的最大辐射方向的反方向上且与双极化天线位于同一电路板上，实现低剖面的特性，射频电路和双极化天线之间无需通过互连插头连接，减少了插入损耗和降低了装配难度。
参见图4a至图4c，为本发明实施例提供的一种双极化天线的另一结构示意图，在本发明实施例中，所述双极化天线包括H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线，H面喇叭天线包括金属过孔阵列V1、金属地板G1、金属地板G2和第一馈电部，平面端射天线包括第二馈电部和辐射贴片R1。双极化天线的天线平面平行于金属地板G1和金属地板G2。
其中，金属地板G1和金属地板G2平行，金属地板G1和金属地板G2之间设置有金属过孔阵列V1，金属过孔阵列V1包括三个呈半包围矩形的金属过孔阵列，金属过孔阵列V1位于金属地板G1和金属地板G1之间，金属过孔阵列V1包括多个垂直于金属地板G1和金属地板G2的金属过孔，每个金属过孔的顶端连接金属地板G1且每个金属过孔的底端连接金属地板G2，金属地板G1、金属地板G2和金属过孔阵列V1构成波导腔体，过孔过孔阵列作为该波导腔体的侧壁，金属地板G1作为该波导腔体的顶面，金属地板G2作为该波导腔体的底面。第一馈电部用于给该波导腔体馈电，激励波导腔体产生电磁波信号，产生的电磁波信号的极化方向垂直于天线平面。辐射贴片R1平行于金属地板G1和金属地板G2，第二馈电部用于给辐射贴片R1馈电，激励辐射贴片R1产生电磁波信号。
可选的，参见图4b所示，图4b为双极化天线的侧面示意图，双极化天线还包括介质板L1和介质板L2。其中，双极化天线的天线平面为介质板L1，介质板L1位于金属地板G1的上层，介质板L2位于金属地板G1和金属地板G2之间，且介质板L2上设置有多个供金属过孔阵列V1通过的贯穿孔。
进一步可选的，参见图4c所示，图4c为双极化天线的正面示意图，第一馈电部包括微带线S1和馈电探针V2，介质板L1的上表面设置有一个贯穿孔，馈电探针V2位于该贯穿孔内。平面端射天线为八木天线，第二馈电部包括微带线S2，微带线S2可以为S 形走线，辐射贴片R1设置于介质板L1的上表面，其中辐射贴片R1可包括多个平行于H面喇叭天线的喇叭口的金属贴片。
综上所述，通过实施本发明实施例，双极化天线为平面天线，双极化天线包括基于SIW的H面喇叭天线和八木天线，双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于天线平面且垂直于喇叭口，H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于天线平面且垂直于最大辐射方向，八木天线的极化方向平行于天线平面且垂直于最大辐射方向，这样射频电路可以设置在双极化天线的最大辐射方向的反方向上且与双极化天线位于同一电路板上，实现低剖面的特性，射频电路和双极化天线之间无需通过互连插头连接，减少了插入损耗和降低了装配难度。另外，本实施例双极化天线不需要引入馈电层，降低了天线的厚度。
参见图5a至图5d所示，为本发明实施例的双极化天线的电场方向图，本发明实施例中双极化天线设置一个三维坐标系，天线平面平行于YOZ平面，图5a表示H面喇叭天线在XOZ平面的电场方向图，图5b表示H面喇叭天线在YOZ平面的电场方向图；图5c表示平面端射天线在XOZ平面的电场方向图，图5d表示平面端射天线在YOZ平面的电场方向图
可以看出H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线的最大辐射方向均为+Z轴方向，最大辐射方向平行于天线平面(即YOZ平面)。H面喇叭天线的的最大电场方向为X轴方向，垂直于天线平面，实现了一个方向上的极化(例如：垂直极化)，平面端射天线的最大电场方向为Y轴方向，平行于天线平面，实现了与H面喇叭天线的极化方向正交的另一个方向上的极化(例如：水平极化)。
以上所述的实施方式中，以及结构示意图或者仿真示意图仅为示意性说明本发明的技术方案，其中的尺寸比例、仿真数值并不构成该技术方案保护范围的限定。任何在上述实施方式的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在该技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种双极化天线，其特征在于，包括：H面喇叭天线和平面端射天线；其中，
    所述双极化天线为平面天线，所述H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于所述双极化天线的天线平面，所述平面端射天线的极化方向平行于所述天线平面，所述H面喇叭天线的极化方向垂直于所述平面端射天线的极化方向，所述双极化天线的最大辐射方向平行于所述天线平面，且所述双极化天线的最大辐射方向垂直于所述H面喇叭天线的极化方向和所述平面端射天线的极化方向。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述H面喇叭天线包括：第一馈电部、金属过孔阵列、第一金属地板和第二金属地板；其中，所述金属过孔阵列包括第一金属过孔队列和第二金属过孔队列，所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板平行于所述天线平面；所述第一金属地板平行于所述第二金属地板，所述金属过孔阵列位于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板之间；所述金属过孔阵列中每个金属过孔的的顶端与所述第一金属地板电连接，且每个金属过孔的底端与所述第二金属地板连接；所述第一金属过孔阵列和所述第二金属过孔阵列垂直于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板；所述第一金属地板、所述第二金属地板和所述金属过孔阵列形成一个波导腔体，所述第一馈电部用于给所述波导腔体馈电；
    所述平面端射天线包括：第二馈电部和辐射贴片；所述第二馈电部用于给所述辐射贴片馈电，所述辐射贴片平行于所述第一金属地板和所述第二金属地板。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一金属过孔阵列和所述第二金属过孔阵列之间的距离先保持不变再呈线性逐渐增大。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：第一介质板、第二介质板、第一馈电层和第二馈电层；
    其中，所述第一介质板设置于所述第一金属地板的下表面，所述第一馈电层设置于所述第一金属地板的上表面；所述第二介质板设置于所述第二金属地板的上表面，所述第二馈电层设置于所述第一介质板的下表面和所述第二介质板的上表面之间，所述辐射贴片设置于所述第二馈电层的下表面和所述第二介质板的上表面之间，所述第二馈电部设置于所述第二馈电层的上表面和所述第一介质板的下表面之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一馈电部包括第一微带线和馈电探针，所述第一微带线和所述馈电探针电连接；所述第一微带线设置于所述第一馈电层的上表面，所述第一馈电层的上表面设置有一个垂直于所述第一馈电层的贯穿孔，所述馈电探针位于所述贯穿孔内；
    所述第二馈电部包括第二微带线，所述第一介质板的下表面和所述第二馈电层的上表 面之间设置有所述第二微带线，且所述第二微带线在所述波导腔体内。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述平面端射天线为Vivaldi天线，所述第二介质层的上表面未覆盖所述辐射贴片的区域形成相互两个连通的矩形区域和喇叭形区域，所述喇叭形区域的喇叭口与所述最大辐射方向垂直。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二微带线包括两个相互垂直的走线。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：第一介质板和第二介质板；
    其中，所述第一金属地板设置于所述第一介质板的下表面和所述第二介质板的上表面之间，所述第二介质板的下表面设置有第二金属地板。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一馈电部包括第一微带线和馈电探针，所述第一微带线设置于所述第一介质板的上表面，所述第一微带线和所述馈电探针电连接，所述第一介质板的上表面设置有一个贯穿孔，所述馈电探针位于所述贯穿孔内；所述第二馈电部包括第二微带线，所述第二微带线和所述辐射贴片设置于所述第一介质板上。
  10. 一种射频前端装置，其特征在于，包括：射频电路板、射频电路和如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的双极化天线；其中，所述双极化天线和所述射频电路设置于所述射频电路板上，所述双极化天线的天线平面平行于所述射频电路板。
  11. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备包括如权利要求10所述的射频前端装置。
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