WO2019138425A1 - Batterie en réseau pour applications à haute énergie - Google Patents

Batterie en réseau pour applications à haute énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019138425A1
WO2019138425A1 PCT/IN2019/050020 IN2019050020W WO2019138425A1 WO 2019138425 A1 WO2019138425 A1 WO 2019138425A1 IN 2019050020 W IN2019050020 W IN 2019050020W WO 2019138425 A1 WO2019138425 A1 WO 2019138425A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
data
module
charge
networked
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PCT/IN2019/050020
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English (en)
Inventor
Kadambi Sarangapani RAMANUJAN
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Ramanujan Kadambi Sarangapani
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Publication of WO2019138425A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019138425A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present subject matter relates, in general to storage batteries and in particular to Lithium based storage batteries used for energy intensive applications as in Electric Vehicles (EV).
  • EV Electric Vehicles
  • High storage energy batteries in general and Li ion-based batteries find large use in EV.
  • Li battery based Electric drive With global push towards greener vehicular road transport both for individual use and for public use, the need to gradually replace fossil fuelled vehicles with Li battery based Electric drive is in progress and most vehicle manufacturers have moved their EV research to strategic levels. This is especially true for an urban metropolis where vehicular traffic is very high.
  • These large battery packs as known in art, vary from terminal voltages of 24 V in small EV to 300 plus V in large EV and have energy store to provide a range of distance covered per charge from 50 to 500 Kms.
  • the Li ion with its superior Watts per Kg (W/Kg) storage capacity when compared to the conventional Lead acid battery is the principle technology component in an EV.
  • the complete Li ion battery pack is built by aggregating a large number of these elemental Li ion cells, in a battery pack, in series parallel combination to enable the large energy storage objective with the parallel combination building current and series combination building voltage.
  • the energy storage that is useful is a significant percentage of the Kwh of the pack represented by the Voltage multiplied by the Ampere hour (Ah) of the parallel cells in the pack.
  • a 17S40P NMC pack representation is to be deciphered as a battery which has 17 serially connected module with each module having 40 elemental 2400mAh NMC cells.
  • EV vehicles come in different classes and energy needs are dependent on this class. Typically, this energy storage varies from 1 KWh in electric bicycles to 2 to 5 Kwh in small EV, 15 to 50 KWh in medium sized EV cars and upwards of 300 KWh in large public transport EV buses.
  • the downside of this technology used in these batteries is that the battery packs are expensive and the ratio of the cost of the battery to the vehicle price is almost near 50% to 60% and these batteries have a typical cycle life of 800 to 2000 cycles beyond which they need to be replaced in the EV.
  • the description in this disclosure provides a technology method and electronic hardware and embedded firmware/software design inside a Li ion battery now called a Networked Battery comprising of a charging module, a discharging module, a common physical port Energy Charge / Discharge Port, a battery cell stack with series and parallel modules of the elemental cells, a Battery Management System (BMS), a DC Current transformer (DCCT) and an Embedded Digital Processing unit.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • DCCT DC Current transformer
  • the charging module and the discharging module connect to a common physical port Energy Charge / Discharge Port of adequate current carrying capability and called the Energy IN/OUT.
  • the Battery Management System that protects the voltage of the parallel modules from exceeding the max charging voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series and limit the discharge to a minimum voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series when under a discharge cycle.
  • the BMS has two output command signals and intended to switch ON the Charging module and Discharging module respectively.
  • the DCCT monitors the charge and discharge currents through the Energy charge/ discharge port.
  • the Embedded Digital Processing unit for control of the Networked Battery.
  • the Embedded Digital Processing Unit consists of an Embedded Control Block, a Digital I/O block, an Embedded Database Block, a Communication Block, an Analog Block; and a Display Buffer.
  • the Embedded Control block consists of a Processor module, a Processor cache memory, a Clock, a Real Time module and a Data bus interface.
  • the Processor cache memory linked to the Processor module for transfer of processor data.
  • the Clock connects to a clock signal line connecting the Clock to the Analog Block.
  • the Data bus interface connects to a bi-directional data path that links the Embedded Control Block.
  • the bi-directional data path links the Embedded Control Block with the Digital I/O block, the Embedded Database Block, the Communication Block, the Analog Block and the Display Buffer.
  • the Digital I/O Block intended to switch ON the Charging module and the Discharging module respectively.
  • the Digital I/O Block contains two one-bit binary registers whose outputs are the two 1 -bit digital signal commands and.
  • the digital command signals are respectively ANDed with the BMS command signals.
  • the ANDed signals are connected so as to turn ON the Charging module and the Discharging module respectively.
  • the Embedded Database Block has non-volatile RAM/EEPROM location to store an array of Battery iD, Battery Operating data, Charge/Discharge status and Charge/Discharge command.
  • the Communication Block consists of a Communication Radio module, a GSM module, a GPS module and a Tx and Rx Comm Buffer.
  • the Tx and Rx Comm Buffer has three data parts comprising (i) a first part of the data from a Transmitter and receiver communication buffer (Tx & Rx Comm Buffer) containing latitude & longitude data, (ii) a second part of the data from the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer containing data of a“Pay-On-Charge” variable (POC) and (iii) a third part of the data from the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer containing the 2 bit binary data of the Charge/Discharge command.
  • Tx & Rx Comm Buffer Transmitter and receiver communication buffer
  • POC Payment-On-Charge
  • the Analog Block consists of an Amp sense module, a Volt sense module, a Temp sense module, a KW sense module, a clock port, a KWH sense module, a multichannel ADC, an ADC Buffer and a ADC Control module.
  • the Amp sense module receives the DCCT signed current signal.
  • the Volt sense module receives the analog Battery Cell Stack voltage signal.
  • the temp sense module has sense capability receives one or more Battery Cell Stack temperature sensor signals. The temperature sensors located at one or more points in the Battery Cell Stack.
  • the KW sense module computes the signed instantaneous KW from the Amp sense module and Volt sense module by multiplying the Amp sense module and Volt sense module.
  • the clock port connects the clock.
  • the KWH sense module computes the time integrated signed KWH and from the signed KW sense module and using the clock signal provides the time integration period.
  • a positive KWH computed integration is labelled as a KWHJN and a negative KWH signal integration is labelled as a KWH OUT.
  • the multichannel ADC Analog Digital Converter
  • the ADC Buffer registers the multichannel digital outputs of the ADC.
  • the ADC Control module controls the multichannel ADC in unison with the synchronous clock edge of clock addressing all the analog channels to digital conversion and loading of the converted data to the ADC Buffer.
  • Networked Battery is allocated a unique identity consists of a sequence of binary digits
  • the Battery Operating data comprising (i) data from the Real time module as the time stamp, (ii) data from the ADC Buffer containing the digitized value of Volt, Amp, KW, Temperature data the time integrated data of the KWHJN and KWH OUT, (iii) the first part of the data from the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer containing latitude & longitude data and (iv) the second part of the data from the which contains a“Pay-On-Charge” variable (POC).
  • POC Payment-On-Charge
  • the Charge/Discharge status comprising of two 1 bit the binary data from the Digital I/O Block.
  • the Charge/Discharge command comprising of two 1 -bit binary data to be used to update the Digital I/O Block.
  • the Display buffer register has register locations to hold the Battery iD, the Battery Operating data, the Charge/Discharge status and the Charge/Discharge command.
  • the Display buffer has a port to connect to a Display to display the contents of the Display buffer.
  • a network operating on a server node, one or more Networked Battery nodes and an Admin node with the network server that has storage and computing power to hold data from the one or more Networked Batteries and comprising of hardware and software.
  • C V Charging enable variable
  • DV Discharging
  • the server node may be an independent server or a cloud-based server.
  • an embedded firmware method operating on the Processor module using the hardware of the Embedded Digital Processing Unit that contains the Embedded Control block, the Digital I/O block, the Embedded Database Block, the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer, the Analog Block, the Analog Control module and the Display Buffer.
  • the Embedded Control block comprising of the Processor module, the Clock, the Real Time module and the Data bus interface.
  • the Clock connects to a clock signal line connecting the Clock to the Analog Block.
  • the Data bus interface connects to a bi-directional data path that links an Embedded Control Block.
  • the Digital I/O block that contains the 2-bit binary data of the Charge/Discharge status.
  • the Embedded Database Block comprising of the non-volatile RAM/EEPROM locations storing (i) the Battery iD, (ii) the Battery Operating data, (iii) the Charge/Discharge status and (iv) the Charge/Discharge command.
  • the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer of the Communication Block containing data in three parts (i) the first part contains the latitude & longitude data, (ii) the second part of the data contains data of a“Pay-On-Charge” variable (POC) and (iii) the third part contains the 2-bit binary data of the Charge/Discharge command.
  • the Analog Block containing the Electrical parameters sense modules along with the ADC Buffer and Analog Control module controlling the multichannel ADC conversion process carries all the battery electrical operating parameters.
  • the Display Buffer connected to a Display.
  • the method comprising of an operation cycle by the Processor module in a sequence of (i) the Embedded Database Block to read the battery iD and load it to the first part of the Processor cache supporting the Processor module, (ii) the Real time module to pick up the real time to tag operational data of the battery electrical operating parameters and loading the Real time data to a second part of the Processor cache supporting the Processor module, (iii) the Communication Block Tx and Rx Comm buffer to load the first part of the Tx & Rx Comm buffer containing the latitude & longitude data the into the third part of the Processor cache supporting the Processor module, (iv) the Digital I/O block to read and load the 2 bit Charge/ Discharge control status into the fourth part of the Processor cache supporting the Processor module and set Digital I/O
  • the header field is formed with a binary data sequence that is unique.
  • the unique content of this binary sequence is a binary string that cannot occur in the other fields.
  • the battery word comprising of (i) a data field using the first part of the loaded Processor cache containing the battery iD, (ii) a data field using the second part of the loaded Processor cache containing the time stamp from the Real time module, (iii) a data field using the third part of the loaded Processor cache for storing the latitude and longitude data from the Tx and Rx Comm buffer, (iv) a data field for using the fourth and fifth parts of the loaded Processor cache for storing the charge/discharge status and the charge/discharge command and (v) a data field for using the sixth and seventh parts part of the loaded Processor cache for storing data from the ADC Buffer containing the digitized value of Volt, Amp, KW, Temperature data the time integrated data of the KWHJN and KWH OUT and the “Pay-On-Charge
  • an Electric Vehicle with a chassis and body work comprising of a power train, a motor controller, a Networked Battery and a on cloud network or an independent server network.
  • the power train consists of a differential, stub axles, gear reducer mounted integrally with the differential and an electric motor mounted on to the gear reducer.
  • the motor controller converting DC to AC for driving the motor.
  • the Networked Battery with its GSM and GPS connecting antenna and a connected charging unit on one side to charge the Networked Battery and providing DC power on the other side to the motor controller to drive the electric motor.
  • the on-cloud network or the independent server network connected through GSM to the Networked Battery for remote access and control.
  • FIG-1 illustrates the architecture of the Networked Battery in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter.
  • FIG-2 illustrates the scheme of constructing the large battery stack with elemental cells and the range of safe operational voltage of the cells as known in art.
  • FIG-3 illustrates structure of the data packet that is stored in the embedded database and communicated by the Networked Battery in the network during its operation and use in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter.
  • FIG-4 illustrates the network topology and the communication in the network between the Networked Battery and the central server that administers the network.
  • FIG-5 illustrates the method used to implement the embedded firmware/software enabling the hardware and its functional sequence, in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter.
  • FIG-6 illustrates an electric vehicle fitted with the Networked Battery with its accessory charging system and power train drive assembly.
  • the Networked Battery detailed in this description has features that enable this Networked Battery so built to be used as part of either a “Swappable” battery network or a“Pay-On-Charge” battery network where the payment can be made covering the cost of the battery on every electrical charge cycle as well as track the condition and the identity of the Networked Battery in a“Swappable” battery network.
  • the“Charge” refers to the electrical charge in Kwh that the battery is charged with for storage.
  • the Networked Battery design with electronic hardware and embedded software design enabling its communication configuration in a network enables operation of the Networked Battery in a subscription network.
  • the design now enables each of the Networked Battery to have a unique identity and pass code enabled access for its charging and use. This complete description teaches how it is built to the target specifications enabling network use.
  • This subscription network enabled by the hardware and embedded software allows the cost of the Networked Battery pack disconnected from the ownership of the vehicle by removing the cost of a one-time purchase of the expensive Li ion based EV battery by a potential EV user and brings in a feature of being able to user to pay for the EV battery on either a swappable basis or a pay-on-charge basis.
  • the Networked Battery operational scheme enables it to be connected to an ensemble of charging stations, through an authentication procedure, with the ensemble of charging stations operational in the network in a given territorial region in which the Networked Battery is used.
  • This authenticated network uses mobile telephony to make the network operational for data transfer in and out of the Networked Battery as well as the charging stations to which these would be connected for charging.
  • the central server manages the Networked Batteries with their respective unique identities and thus enables the Networked Batteries to be part of a “Swappable Battery” network if the battery is of reasonable weight between 20 to 40 Kgs and“Pay-on-Charge” use if the battery is heavier between 50 Kgs to 600 Kgs depending on the energy needs of the vehicle fitted with the battery.
  • This design and construction of the Li ion battery thus enables the ownership cost of the EV being significantly reduced and the network, through a subscription basis provides ways of using these in a“Swappable” battery network or in a“Pay-On-Charge” battery network and thus contributes enormous to the ushering in of an EV revolution for urban private transportation.
  • a large energy storage Li ion battery forms the principle equipment in a large energy use application, as in an EV.
  • the Li ion battery constitutes a large percentage cost of the EV itself.
  • This description describes a method to overcome this problem by adding hardware and embedded software components to the battery so that the Li ion batteries so built can be used in a“Swappable” battery network or a “Pay-On-Charge” battery network and the ownership cost of the battery disconnected from the ownership cost of the EV.
  • the battery With the functionality of the hardware and embedded software components added to the battery, the battery is now called a“Networked battery” and enables it to function in a network wherein the batteries are charged in a charging network and tracked with their unique identity numbers and charging-discharging history continuously monitored from a central server that forms the central node of the network.
  • This enable the large cost of the battery packs for use in EV amortisable on a subscription basis by the user subscription network and the battery cost gets paid for in time by either a swapping cost per swapping cycle or a “Pay-On-Charge” cost on a daily/weekly/monthly/yearly basis, based on energy used for charging of the Networked Battery by the EV subscriber.
  • the network takes the principal ownership of the Networked Battery packs in the network.
  • the charging stations that are used for charging such large batteries are already known in art and are augmented with the part of the technology that will complement their use alongside these networked batteries described fully in this description.
  • the Networked Battery embedded electronics has in-built database and digital enablement and communication hardware and software embedded for identifying itself to the network.
  • the chargers in the network are also enabled to recognize every identified Networked Battery in the network for charge enablement as well as its use in the network while sending the data related to its geographical location and its state of charge to the central server that serves the subscriber base using the Networked Battery.
  • the network of chargers could be part of the Network Battery network or an independent network with the independent network also connected to the same central server administering then ensemble of Networked batteries in the subscription base.
  • FIG-1 illustrates the broad construction features of the Li ion Networked Battery 100.
  • Battery 100 essentially consists of a charging module 108 and the discharging module 1 12 connect to a common physical port Energy Charge / Discharge Port 1 10 of adequate current carrying capability and called the Energy IN/OUT.
  • a battery cell stack 104 with the series and parallel modules of the elemental cells forms the electrical energy storage system.
  • a Battery Management System (BMS) 106 is used to protect the voltage of the parallel modules from exceeding the max charging voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series and limit the discharge to a minimum voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series when under a discharge cycle wherein the BMS 106 has two output command signals 106a and 106b intended to switch ON the Charging module 108 and Discharging module 1 12 respectively.
  • the BOMS 106 also has capability to switch off the Discharge module 1 12 in case the output Energy IN/OUT sees an electrical short circuit.
  • the battery cell stack 104 with the series and parallel connections of the elemental battery cells, provide the necessary terminal voltage and Ah capacity.
  • the technology to bring this battery to be network enabled is described in the other parts of this illustration FIG-1.
  • the Networked Battery with its additional Embedded Digital Processor Unit is shown as 1 16.
  • the Battery Cell stack 104 and known in art as already mentioned.
  • the Battery Management System (BMS) unit as known in art is illustrated as 106.
  • This BMS unit essentially has operative functions that would include a method to cut off the charging beyond the max charging voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series, limit the discharge to a minimum voltage of the battery pack’s individual parallel modules in series when under a discharge cycle as well as provide a method to balance charge amidst the constituent elemental cells forming each of the parallel stacks and warn over heating conditions if discharge systems or charging electrical parameters are overstressing the battery.
  • FIG-2 illustrates the known in the art. This illustration in FIG-2 is explained now in paras [0017] and [0018] after which the description would go back in its description of FIG-1 in para [0019]
  • 200 in FIG-2 is representative of Li ion battery stack built by paralleling N Li ion elemental cells as a parallel module 202-x (202-1 to 202-M) called the P module-x (P-module 1 to P-module-M) in the FIG-2 to achieve the Ah capacity of the complete parallel series in the battery 200 stack.
  • the voltage Vpx 206-1 to 206-M of all the P module 202-x are constantly monitored by the BMS so that during discharge, none of the Vpx go below a minimum value of Vpmin and during charging not go above a maximum value of Vpmax as illustrated in 208 in FIG-2.
  • these values are 2.5 V for NMC and LFP cells and 3.65V and 4.2 V for NMC and LFP cells respectively.
  • NsMp The total voltage of the complete Li ion battery so assembled with these N x M elemental cells is designated NsMp to indicate the N series modules each with M elemental cells and the nominal voltage would be M x Vpx where Vpx is the elemental cell nominal voltage.
  • the task of the BMS is to monitor each of the Vpx 206-x and ensure that charging or discharging does not make any of the Vpx 206-x does now go out of the range Vpmax to Vpmin respectively the charging limit and the discharging limits as illustrated in 208 in FIG-2. All of the functional aspects of a BMS is known in art and so not further described. Essentially for exercising this control, the BMS has control over the charging and discharging MOSFET switches (known in art) used for discharging and charging this battery stack (MOSFET switches not shown in FIG-2). As known in art, any of the parallel modules voltage Vpx operating outside the allowed voltage range 208 will irreversibly lead to damage of the cells in that parallel stack.
  • 1 16 forms an Embedded Digital Processor unit with its submodules and architecture as illustrated in FIG-1 with an embedded firmware that enable the Networked Battery functionality that is now built into the battery 102.
  • the Networked Battery consists of a DCCT (DC Current transformer) 142 monitoring the charge and discharge currents through the Energy charge/ discharge port 1 10; and an Embedded Digital Processing unit 1 16 for control of the Networked Battery 100 wherein the Embedded Digital processing Unit 1 16 consists of an Embedded Control Block 1 17, a Digital I/O block 123, an Embedded Database Block 122, a Communication Block 124, an Analog Block 130 and a Display Buffer 135 connecting to a Display 136.
  • DCCT DC Current transformer
  • the Embedded Control block 1 17 consists of a Processor module 1 19, a Clock 1 18 wherein the Clock 1 18 connects to a clock signal line 1 18a connecting the Clock 1 18 to the Analog Block 130, a Real Time module 120 and a Data bus interface 121 wherein the Data bus interface connects to a bi-directional data path 136 that links the Embedded Control Block 1 17 to other blocks of the Embedded Digital processing Unit 1 16.
  • the bi-directional data path 136 links the Embedded Control Block with the Digital I/O block 123, the Embedded Database Block 122, the Communication Block 124, the Analog Block 130 and the Display Buffer 135.
  • the Digital I/O Block 123 intended to switch ON the Charging module 108 and the Discharging module 1 12 respectively contains two one-bit binary registers whose outputs are the two 1 -bit digital command signals 123a and 123b.
  • the digital command signals 123a and 123b are respectively ANDed with the BMS command signals 106a and 106b and the outputs of the ANDed signals are connected to the Charging module 108 and Discharging module 1 12 so as to turn ON the Charging module 108 and Discharging module 1 12 respectively.
  • 108 is a charging module that regulates the charging current and is under the control loop of both the BMS Unit 106 and the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16.
  • the charging module 108 has an internal power switch like a MOSFET can be enabled/ disabled through a signal 123a from the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16.
  • This signal 123a is passed through aa AND function with the BMS charging enable signal (known in art) 106a.
  • the ANDing functionality is that either the BMS system by way of protection or the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16 by way of control can switch on the charging module 108 with the AND functionality.
  • the charge control block 108 can be switched on if the BMS signal 106a allows the charge module 108 switch to be ON after checking safety requirement functionality of the BMS (known in art) ANDed with the embedded control signal 123a. Any of these signals can switch OFF the charge control block 108 but both signals need to be ON for a switch ON of the charge control block 108.
  • 1 12 is a discharging module that regulates the discharging current and is under the control loop of both the BMS Unit 106 and the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16.
  • the charging module 108 has an internal power switch like a MOSFET can be enabled/ disabled through a signal 123b from the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16. This signal 123b is passed through an AND function with the BMS charging enable signal (known in art) 106b.
  • the ANDing functionality is that either the BMS system by way of protection or the Digital I/O block 123 of the Embedded Digital Processor unit 1 16 by way of control can switch on the discharging module 1 12 with the AND functionality.
  • the discharge control block 1 12 can be switched on if the BMS signal 106b allows the discharge module 1 12 switch to be ON after checking safety requirement functionality of the BMS (known in art) ANDed with the embedded control signal 123b. Any of these signals can switch OFF the discharge control block 1 12 but both signals need to be ON for a switch ON of the discharge control block 108.
  • the AND functionality in this para and the previous para [0021] is illustrated as two independent AND functions in the FIG-1 connected to the signals 106a / 123a and 106b / 123b. The decision to not allow the Charging/Discharging or both is taken on a rule on a POC“Pay- On-Charge” criterion description later on in this description.
  • the charging module 108 and the discharging module 1 12 connect to a common physical port Energy Charge / Discharge Port 1 10 of adequate current carrying capability and called the Energy IN/OUT.
  • the charge energy to be stored flows into the battery stack 104 through the charge module 108 and during discharge gets used by the load through the discharge module 110 from the battery stack 104.
  • the energy output through the Energy Charge / Discharge Port 1 10 feeds to a typical DC rated load, which in the EV case is the drive motor and the energy stored from the previous charge gets used up
  • This current monitoring signal 138c is used along with the voltage monitoring signal 138b to calculate the power KW and the energy transfer KWH happening into the battery during charging and out of it during discharging and also used to sense any over current of the Battery Energy IN/OUT terminal and shut down initiation of the Discharging module through the signal 123b.
  • This over current setting is preprogrammed in the embedded firmware controlling the Embedded Digital Processor Unit 1 16 depending on the Ah capacity of the Battery Cell stack 104.
  • 1 16 is an Embedded Digital Processor Unit that has the necessary hardware and embedded firmware to provide the functional aspects needed for the Networked Battery. This Embedded Digital Processor Unit 1 16 is internally divided, in its architecture to a set of sub blocks as listed below.
  • the Embedded Control Block 1 17 has an embedded processor module 1 19 that can be controlled by the resident embedded firmware in its flash memory in this Embedded Control Block 1 17 (Flash memory to store the embedded firmware and the cache memory of this Processor module to execute the application in real time is not shown in FIG-1 ).
  • the Embedded Control Block 1 17 has an internal clock 1 18 of a given stable frequency and acts as the clock for all time dependent functionality of the Embedded Digital Processor Unit 1 16. This clock signal 1 18a is distributed to all blocks that the Embedded Control wants to pick up data or load data to enable the Networked Battery functionality.
  • the Embedded Control Block has a Real Time module 120 (RTC - Real time clock as known in art) that maintains real time and can be used to carry out time stamping with every data point in charging or discharging mode and recorded as part of the embedded processing for the Networked Battery functionality.
  • the Embedded Control Block 1 17 also has a Data Bus interface 121 that connects to a data path 136 using which the processor module 1 19 can access and load data into the other blocks of the Embedded Digital Processor Unit through the data path connectivity 136.
  • the data path can be sized as 16 bits in an example or 32 bits in yet another example. And bus transfers through the data path are controlled by the Processor module 1 19.
  • the clock signal 1 18a used internally in the also in the Embedded Control Block 1 17 and in addition to being sent to the Analog Block 130 other blocks as in FIG-1.
  • the data path is dual directional allowing data to go from and into the processor module 1 19 and into and from the Processor cache 1 19a.
  • a Digital I/O (Input/Output) block 123 that stores the ON/OFF conditions to be used for controlling the Charging and Discharging modules 108 and 1 12 in unison with the BMS signals as earlier explained.
  • This Digital I/O block can be accessed by the Embedded Control Block processor 1 19 through the Data bus interface 121 and the data path 136 for reading and writing.
  • the Embedded Database Block 122 has non-volatile RAM/EEPROM locations to store an array of Battery iD 122a, Battery Operating data 122b, Charge / Discharge status 122c and Charge/Discharge command 122d as part of the Network Battery functionality.
  • the Embedded Database Block 122 is configured in this architecture to allow the Embedded Control Block Processor module 1 19 to access and load the necessary functional data during the operation of the Networked Battery.
  • This Embedded Database Block 122 stores the unique Networked Battery identity (iD), battery operating data by way of electrical parameters that are Analog to Digital Converted (ADC) in the Analog Block 130, the charge/discharge Digital I/O status, the charge/discharge Digital I/O command and the“Pay-On-Charge” variable (POC) value that the server controlling the Network Battery as part of the updates the Networked Battery to control functionality.
  • iD Networked Battery identity
  • ADC Analog to Digital Converted
  • POC Payment-On-Charge” variable
  • the Embedded Database Block 122 has non-volatile RAM/ EEPROM to write an array of information into and read data that is to be written and read from. Since the Networked Battery has to have a unique identity for its operation in the network, each battery has a hardware coded identity number in the Battery iD and this identity number is unique to the Networked Battery. This Battery iD 122a is hard coded into the database in the Embedded
  • the POC variable here needs special mention. It is the value of the amount in store equivalent to the payments made by the plurality of users who may be using the plurality of Networked Battery on a“Pay-On- Charge” basis with a separate authenticated login for each user with his uniquely identified Network Battery to the server controlling the Networked Batteries and so makes a daily/weekly/monthly payment and cumulatively accounted for in the server database to which all the Networked Batteries are linked through the network and each Networked Battery is assigned to a unique individual user who makes these payments on and the database as detailed later in this specifications in FIG-3 and FIG-4 has both the hardware and software to track the balance available after the payments that are made daily/weekly/monthly basis, as the user consumes the stored charge in the Networked Battery during the EV use.
  • the balance available for enablement of the further charging is computed and updated in the Embedded Database Block 122 by the server every data transfer cycle in the network and this data is thus made visible to the Display Buffer 135 to the local display in the view of the EV user dashboard.
  • POC“Pay-On-Charge” inventive feature is used to control the Charge/Discharge allowed or both. POC should not be negative or zero equivalent to a zero balance on credit for use (Charge/Discharge) of the battery.
  • the other functional blocks of the system include the communication block 125, and the Analog block 130.
  • the Embedded Control Processor module 1 19 has connectivity to the rest of the system through a data path illustrated as 136 which is dual directional. This data path 136 connects the Digital I/O block 123, Embedded Database block 122, the Communication block 124, and the Analog block 130.
  • the embedded software helps the Embedded Processor module 1 19 to access and read and write into these blocks as illustrated in the FIG-1.
  • Data fields in the Embedded Database block 122 are structured, explained later in FIG-4, to register all data in every read write cycle as part of the embedded firmware execution cycle and store all necessary data with a time tag from the real time module 1 19 and store in the Embedded Database block 122 having allocated non-volatile memory space.
  • a Communication Block 124 forms the communication hardware for the Networked Battery consisting of a Communication Radio module 125, a GSM module 127, a GPS (Global Positioning System) module 126 and a Tx and Rx Comm Buffer 128.
  • the Tx and Rx Comm Buffer 128 has three data parts consisting of a first part containing latitude & longitude data, a second part 128 containing data of the“Pay-On- Charge” variable (POC) and a third part 128 containing the 2-bit binary data of the Charge/Discharge command.
  • POC Payment-On- Charge
  • the Communication Block 124 is illustrated with the GSM module 127 for mobile telephony connectivity for data transfer in and out of the Networked Battery.
  • An appropriate Communication Radio module 125 and GPS module 126 are in the Communication Block 124.
  • the GPS module 126 provides the terrestrial position data and can be used, as known in art with an adjunct terrestrial map at the server end to locate the terrestrial location of the Networked Battery.
  • a Tx (Transmission) & Rx (Receiver) Comm Buffer (Communication Buffer module) 128 is present in this architecture of the Communication Block 124 for the GSM and GPS modules to transfer data in and out of the Communication Block 124 to the data path 136 and to the Data bus interface 121 connected to the Processor module 1 19 in the Embedded Control Block 1 17.
  • the Communication Block 124 is receiving data from the network the Rx part of the Comm Buffer 128 is loaded with the received data.
  • data to and from the Comm Buffer 128 is read and loaded by the embedded software execution loop in the Networked Battery.
  • the Data through the GSM protocol as known in art is transferred to and from the Processor module 1 19 in the Embedded Control Block 1 17. All these constituent modules of the Communication Block 124 are known in art and functionality known and so not explained further in this description.
  • the Communication Block 124 is used to provide GSM based connectivity to the Networked Battery in the operational network that interconnects every Networked Battery to the server through mobile telephony as exemplified in FIG-1 .
  • the Communication Block 124 has two antennas, one for the GSM network (GSM Antenna) and the other for picking up GPS data (GPS Antenna).
  • the Communication Block 124 can also be part of a wired network through appropriate means for operation in a wired network. This is not explicitly shown in the FIG-1 where the exemplification is over a large urban network where the Networked Battery is used for urban EV use and with GSM connectivity as a preferred way of connectivity and communication.
  • the Analog Block 130 consists of an Amp sense module 130a to receive the DCCT 142 signed current signal 138c, a Volt sense module 130b to receive the analog Battery Cell Stack 104 voltage signal 130b, a Temp sense module 130c wherein the temp sense module has sense capability receives a plurality of Battery Cell Stack 104 temperature sensor signals, the temperature sensors located at a plurality of points in the Battery Cell Stack 104, a KW sense module 130d to compute the signed instantaneous KW from the Amp sense module 130a and Volt sense module 130b by multiplying the Amp sense module 130a and Volt sense module 130b, a clock port to connect the clock 1 18a, a KWH sense module 130e to compute the time integrated signed KWH and from the signed KW sense module 130 and using the clock signal 1 18a to provide the time integration period wherein a positive KWH computed integration is labelled as a KWHJN and a negative KWH signal integration is labelled as a KWH OUT, a multichannel
  • the Analog block 130 provides for the hardware needed for the electrical and other related operational parameters to be under supervision during the operation of the Networked Battery in the network in EV use.
  • This block has the necessary multichannel analog to digital convertor module (ADC) 132 with a ADC Control module 133 needed to to control the conversion of the analog voltage of the battery stack 138b, the analog(signed) operating charging or discharging current through the signal 138c and temperature related parameters 138a of the Networked Battery into digital values exemplified as 10 bits resolution in an example and passed on to ADC Buffer 134 as a composite multi bit digital data to be transferred to the Processor module 1 19 through the data bus 136 to be time tagged and stored in the Embedded Database block 122.
  • there could be 4 temperature sensors (signal 138a) thus making a total of 60 bits (10 bits for Volt and Amp and 4 x 10 bits for 4 temp signals).
  • An Amp sense module 130a monitors the analog current sensed signal 138c by the DCCT (DC Current Transformer) 140 to store the battery port current both in the discharge mode and discharge mode.
  • the analog current value picks a sign change for the charge and discharge modes.
  • the signed current value as sensed by Amp sense module 130a is analog to digital converted by the first channel of the ADC 132 to be time tagged and stored in the Embedded Database Block 122.
  • a Volt sense module 130b monitors the analog battery stack voltage signal 138b to store the battery stack voltage.
  • the Volt value as sensed by Volt sense module 130b is analog to digital converted by the second channel of the ADC 132 to be time tagged and stored in the Embedded Database Block 122
  • a Temp sense module 130c is used to monitor the temperature of the battery stack 104 which is of importance in the use of a Li ion battery for EV use.
  • the stack has a plurality of temperature sensors and their values are sent to the Temp module 131 where the values of the plurality of temperature sensors 138a are converted to digital values in a plurality of ADC channels in the ADC 32 starting from the third channel, as an example could be 4 temperature signals using the ADC channels 3,4,5 & 6, and sent through the data bus to be time tagged and stored in the embedded data base block 122.
  • a KW sense module 130d derives the KW value of the electrical power during discharge and discharge from the Amp sense module 130a output and the Volt sense module 130b output as a product of these two parameters and then through the seventh channel of the ADC 132 to be time tagged and stored in the Embedded Database Block 122.
  • a KWH module 130e is used to time integrate the KW data output from the KW sense module.
  • the clock signal 1 18a from the Embedded Control Block 1 17 is used for the time integration with the clock period or multiples of the clock period as the fundamental time integration interval.
  • the KWH module is implemented in digital hardware to summate the KW digital conversion date over the time integration clock period intervals and time averaged KW over an elemental time frame of 1 sec derived from clock signal 1 18a. This procedure enables the energy in KWH over the computed 1 sec interval to be to be directly loaded into the ADC buffer 134 at the proper bit locations to be transmitted through data bus 136to be time tagged and stored in the Embedded Database Block 122.
  • the KWH derived by this KWH module and loaded into the ADC Buffer 134 would be of one of the signs positive or negative depending on the Networked Battery is being charged or being discharged.
  • the summation of the signed KWH is cumulatively tracked independently as KWHJN and KWH OUT for charging and discharging respectively in the Embedded Database Block 122 in the battery operating data in the Embedded Database Block 122.
  • the summation over the time elements from the elemental clock 1 18a is independently done for the negative values KWH and the positive values of KWH and appropriately stored in the ADC Buffer 134.
  • the cumulative difference between the KWH charged summation and the cumulative discharged summation provides an estimation of the life of Network Battery use and it remnant life cycle which may be used estimation of the life of the battery used in its operational life cycles.
  • the ADC Buffer 134 registers the multichannel outputs of the ADC 132 which is under the control of the ADC control module 133.
  • the ADC Control module 133 has the functionality of addressing fall the analog channels for digital conversion and loading of the converted data to the ADC Buffer 134.
  • the ADC Control module 133 controls the multichannel ADC 132 in unison with the synchronous clock edge of clock 1 18a addressing all the analog channels to digital conversion and loading of the converted data to the ADC Buffer 134.
  • Display Buffer 135 is provided, into which the Processor module 1 19 can load through the Data bus interface 121 and through the data path 136 data of the battery operation conditions at the operational instant to a local display positioned in some part of the dashboard of the EV to be monitored by the EV user and this display indicates all the parametric values evaluated and stored in the Embedded Database Block 122.
  • the communication to the display can be any known form of link known in art that includes CAN communications in which case the Display Buffer 135 would have a CAN protocol stacking hardware known in art (CAN communication interface not shown in FIG-1).
  • the Display buffer 135 has a port to connect to a Display 136 to display the contents of the Display buffer.
  • the Embedded Digital Processor Unit 1 19 can be implemented, as an example with micro controllers, FPGAs or with other processor hardware environments with supporting software including compact Operating System (OS) used for embedded technologies. All such processor hardware environment is known in art.
  • OS Compact Operating System
  • the distinguishing feature of this description is the unique way in which an Embedded Digital Processor Unit with interface to real world analog signals and real time processing system control system is integrated within a battery to make this battery operate in a network as a Networked Battery and identify self as well as allow it being controlled enablement of being charged or discharged as well as co-ordinate with its protective BMS.
  • Each of such Network Battery can be identified over their life cycles of charge and discharge by the network.
  • This hardware and embedded software in the Networked Battery enable these batteries to be brought out of the EV user ownership costing to a subscription-based network that the subscriber is able to harness to distribute the high cost of EV batteries over a period of the life cycle of these batteries in use.
  • FIG-3 illustrates the method of the data collected by the embedded software controlling the Networked Battery being stacked in separated fields as a data word 300 that is assembled by the Embedded Processor module 1 19 in each embedded firmware execution cycle and to be shared in the networks through the Communication Block 124 and also displayed in the local Display 136 through the Display Buffer 135.
  • the data word 300 is constructed by the method programmed into the embedded firmware by reading the array of time stamped data stored in the Embedded Database Block 122 sequentially.
  • the Battery Unique identity (iD) 302 is provided, as an example with 32-bit allocation. This iD is unique to each Networked Battery and can be written only as part of the embedded software loading into the Embedded Digital Processor 1 16. It is possible to change this iD during re-programming the embedded firmware at any time of the use of the Networked Battery. Thus, it provides a way to link every battery with an EV user, the EV to which the Networked Battery is connected. [0076] The next part of the data word 300 has the time stamp 304 and allocated with 64 bits, as an example, to provide the actual time stamp derived from the Real time module 120 as previously described and to be appended to data collected and assembled by the Processor module 1 19 in each communication cycle. The Real time data is provided by the Real Time module 120 which is part of the Embedded Control Block.
  • the field 306 is data picked up by the Processor module 1 19 in each access cycle of the Communication Block 124 by the Processor module 1 19 transitively through the Data bus interface 121 and the data path 136.
  • This data field 306 provides the terrestrial location of the battery and the EV using the battery with the time stamp providing time tracking.
  • the control over the Digital I/O module that has the control status and commands of the Charging and Discharging modules 108 and 1 12 respectively is allocated four bits as in the field 308, 2 bits for the existing status and 2 bits for the next command. These two command bits enable remote control over the Networked Batteries charging and discharging module switches.
  • this command data can take four possible use states identified by the distinct values 00, 01 , 10, 1 1 signifying both Charging and Discharging modules OFF, charging module OFF and Discharging module ON, charging module ON and discharging module OFF and both Charging and Discharging modules ON.
  • This two- command bit location 308 can be written by the data coming to the network from the server depending of rule base decisions on allowing the Networked Battery to be in any of the four possible states as any instance as shown above.
  • This command part of the location field 308 can be written only in write mode by the server which the Networked Battery is communicating with through the communication network enabled by the Communication Block 124. In case, due to communication glitches, if the communication is not able to link to the server for some reason momentarily, the previous data as held in the control status field of 308 is maintained as command. When communication with the server is intact, every communication cycle as part of the embedded firmware execution cycle will be able to write into the command data field 308 and thus put the Networked Battery into any of the four possible use states as described earlier.
  • the field 310 is battery operational data as well as the POC data and is assembled by the Processor module 1 19 in each embedded firmware execution cycle of access of the Analog Block 130 transitively through the Data bus interface 121 , data path 136 and the ADC Buffer 134.
  • the POC data is picked up form a read of the Communication Block 124 in the execution cycle and made available for the battery use to be allowed/disallowed in every firmware execution cycle.
  • the embedded software may be programmed to send the complete word 300 as 314 in FIG-3 attached with a header 312 attached as in the FIG-3.
  • the header word length and binary content is so chosen that the header pattern is completely different from any of the data fields 302, 304, 306,308 and 310.
  • This way the communication data stream to the Display Buffer 135 as well as Communication Block 124 for onward transfer to the network can be both extracted asynchronously as well as synchronously using the system clock 1 18a.
  • network communication would have asynchronous access and local display through Display 135 may have synchronous read using the system clock 1 18a.
  • FIG-3 is an exemplification with 356 bits plus an appropriately sized header definition.
  • the data word 300 can be in any equivalent structure, but have a means to identify the Networked Battery identity as well as its operation and control status including the POC variable with real time stamping in its operations in an EV and a communication network with user and server.
  • the display of the Display Buffer 135 in the local Display 136 is further not detailed since it is known in art on how to synchronously transfer binary data of any bit length with a header to a display device.
  • FIG-1 is broadly classified as GSM, but could be with any of Mobile Telephony data handling methods like 2G, 3G, 4G or any other mobile telephony communication method available for use.
  • the embedded firmware method operating on the Processor module 1 19 using the hardware of the Embedded Digital Processing Unit 1 16 consists of a sequence of steps as below.
  • the firmware works with the hardware consisting of the Embedded Control block 1 17 consisting of the Processor module 1 19, the Clock 1 18 wherein the Clock 1 18 connects to a clock signal line 1 18a connecting the Clock 1 18 to the Analog Block 130, the Real Time module 120 and the Data bus interface 121 wherein the Data bus interface connects to a bi-directional data path 136 that links to the Embedded Control Block 1 17, the Digital I/O block 123 that contains the 2 bit binary data of the Charge/Discharge status, the Embedded Database Block 122 consisting of the non-volatile RAM/EEPROM locations storing the Battery iD 122a, the Battery Operating data 122b, the Charge/Discharge status 122c and the Charge/Discharge command 122d, the Transmitter and receiver communication buffer (Tx & Rx Comm Buffer) 1
  • header field 312 wherein the header field 312 is created with a binary data sequence that is unique wherein the unique content of this binary sequence is a binary string that cannot occur in the other fields 302, 304, 306, 308 and 310;
  • FIG-4 illustrates the network operation method 400 for the Networked battery to work in a network and operationally with an EV user and the Networked Battery with the EV use, with the network in control over the charging and discharging of the Networked Battery as well as its operational data collection and communication where the battery word 300 is transmitted from each Networked Battery 100 to the server and the server correcting the Charger and Discharging control bits (2 bits ) 308 as well as the POC data from the payments acknowledged and progressively reduced based on the energy used as read by the server from the Network Battery data for the next operational cycle in the Networked Battery’s embedded software.
  • the operation method 400 is divided into three functional parts -viz- 402, 404 and 406.
  • the software implementation method 402 is to execute in each of the battery nodes that is tied with a unique user, as an example 402-1 , 402-2... 402-n for a‘n’ user network with‘n’ Networked Batteries.
  • This implementation method 402 as a first functional part is detailed more fully with respect to FIG-5 and is briefly described as three steps in following para [0081].
  • Each of the Network Batteries is controlled by an Embedded firmware execution loop 402A-N which is more completely explained later in this description with respect to FIG-5.
  • a first set data read steps in this execution loop 402A-N is the access of the embedded blocks by the Embedded Processor unit 1 19, the battery operation data from the Analog Block 130, the time stamp read from the Real Time Module 120.
  • a second step is the assembly of the battery word 300 with a suitable header prefix and the third step comprises of loading the Comm Buffer 128 and the Display Buffer 135 with the battery word 300 by the Processor module 1 19 in the Embedded Control Block 1 17.
  • the second functionality part 404 actually happens in the server that has operation and data space allocated to each of the operational Networked Batteries 402A-N. Each of these operational executions is for the respective Networked Battery NB-x. Each of these program executions can operate on the latest data received from the respective node through the GSM communication 408 in the network.
  • a network 400 operating on a server node 404, a plurality of Networked Battery nodes 402A-N and an Admin node 406 with the network server 404 that has storage and computing power to hold data from the plurality of the Networked Batteries 402A-N and consisting of hardware and software.
  • a second step 404C of decreasing“Pay-On-Charge” account variable POC in data base by an amount based on energy used / balance energy stored wherein, the POC variable is computed from the updated payment received form the Networked Battery user (through any of an available payment channel handling online remittance online and known in art and so not described in the details of this step) and the used value from the energy used data from the Battery word 300;
  • the server software functionality is the update to decrease“Pay-On-Charge” account variable POC in data base by an amount based on energy used / balance energy stored as reported in the battery word from each of the plurality of the Networked Batteries 402A-N. If the POC is less than or zero when the KWH use-based computation is done, the two variables that control the charge and discharge modules 108 and 1 12 respectively may be reset to 0 indicating that the user is to be disabled based on the “Pay-On-Charge” being exhausted. If the POC variable is non-zero and positive, the two variables are set/left untouched with a value 1 .
  • the hardware and software described thus far is a way to construct these Networked Batteries so that a subscription model of the ownership of the Networked Battery is held by the owner of the subscription network and progressively paid by the Networked Battery in its life cycle and electrical energy is stored and used continuously by the user of the Networked Battery.
  • the POC variable update in the server through the battery word communication between the plurality of Networked Batteries and the network server and the evaluation of the POC credit by the server and pass on back of the updated POC variable to the respective Networked Battery is used as the criterion to allow/disallow charge/discharge or both in the respective batteries with a display warning to the respective battery display for a need to top up payment for continued use of the Networked Battery.
  • the Admin node functionality of the network is captured in 406 of the FIG-4 as the third functional part.
  • the admin node may have access any or all of the Networked Battery word in any tagged time segregated way to analyse the history of operation of any or all of the Networked Batteries and the Admin authorized addition of Networked Battery nodes 402A-N to the network and setting of the POC computation can be set.
  • the program execution loop in the Admin node 406 is built with two steps.
  • the first step is a read and display data for any or all of the Networked battery node NB-x to the Admin of the network and the second step may be any analytics to be computed, if needed to override any of the CV-x/DV-x; append POC data and transmit to the Networked battery nodes NB-x to shut down battery charge/Discharge/both if POC is zero or less than zero based on the usage.
  • the Admin node link to the server 410 is web based since the server may be operating in a stand-alone version or a cloud. Further details of this are not further described since a web-based server login is known in art with administrative privileges.
  • FIG-5 illustrates the details of the embedded firmware functional loop operating in the Embedded Digital Processing Unit 1 16.
  • the firmware/Software method consisting of an operation cycle 530 by the Processor module 1 19 in a sequence of:
  • step 504 of the Real time module 120 to pick up the real time to tag operational data of the battery electrical operating parameters and loading the Real time data to a second part of the Processor cache 1 19a supporting the Processor module 1 19;
  • step 506 of the Communication Block 124 accessing step 506 of the Communication Block 124’s Tx and Rx Comm buffer 128 to load the first part of the Tx & Rx Comm buffer 128 containing the latitude & longitude data the into the third part of the Processor cache 1 19a supporting the Processor module 1 19;
  • step 508 of the Digital I/O block 123 accessing step 508 of the Digital I/O block 123 to read and load the 2-bit Charge/ Discharge control status into the fourth part of the Processor cache 1 19a supporting the Processor module 1 19;
  • step 512 of the ADC Buffer 134 accessing step 512 of the ADC Buffer 134 to load the data in the ADC Buffer 134 into the sixth part of the Processor cache 1 19a supporting the Processor module 1 19;
  • step 514 of the Communication Block 124 accessing step 514 of the Communication Block 124’s Tx and Rx Comm buffer 128 to load the second part of the Tx & Rx Comm buffer 128 containing“Pay-On-Charge” variable (POC) and loading it into the seventh part of the Processor cache 1 19a supporting the Processor module 1 19;
  • POC Payment-On-Charge
  • Concatenating step 516 enabling the concatenation of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh parts of the loaded Processor cache 1 19a in the Processor Module 1 19 to form a part of the battery word 300 as 314 consisting of:
  • a data field 308 for using the fourth and fifth parts of the loaded Processor cache 1 19a for storing the charge/discharge status 122c and the charge/discharge command 122d;
  • header field 312 wherein the header field 312 is formed with a binary data sequence that is unique wherein the unique content of this binary sequence is a binary string that cannot occur in the other fields 302, 304, 306, 308 and 310;
  • step 520 prefixing in step 520 the header field 312 to the concatenated data word 314 assembled with the data fields 302, 304, 306, 308 and 310;
  • step 522 sending in step 522 the battery assembled battery word 300 with the header part 312 and data part 314 to the Tx & Rx Comm Buffer 128 for onward communication transitively through the GSM module 127 and the Communication Radio module 125;
  • step 524 sending in step 524 the battery assembled battery word 300 to the Display Buffer 135 for onward transmission to the display 136.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une batterie en réseau constituée d'un module de chargement, d'un module de déchargement, d'un port de charge/décharge d'énergie d'un port physique commun, d'une pile de cellules de batterie équipée de modules parallèles et en série des cellules élémentaires, d'un système de gestion de batterie (BMS), d'un transformateur de courant CC et d'une unité de traitement numérique incorporée. Le module de chargement et le module de déchargement se raccordent à un port de charge/décharge d'énergie d'un port physique commun. Ledit port de charge/décharge d'énergie a une capacité de transport de courant adéquate et est appelé ENTRÉE/SORTIE d'énergie. Le BMS empêche la tension des modules parallèles de dépasser la tension de chargement maximale des modules parallèles individuels en série du bloc-batterie et limite la décharge à une tension minimale des modules parallèles individuels en série du bloc-batterie lorsqu'ils font l'objet d'un cycle de décharge. Le BMS et l'unité de traitement numérique incorporée génèrent conjointement deux signaux de commande de sortie respectivement destinés à ACTIVER/DÉSACTIVER le module de chargement et le module de déchargement.
PCT/IN2019/050020 2018-01-10 2019-01-10 Batterie en réseau pour applications à haute énergie WO2019138425A1 (fr)

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US11588334B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-02-21 Inventus Power, Inc. Broadcast of discharge current based on state-of-health imbalance between battery packs
US11848580B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-12-19 Inventus Power, Inc. Broadcast of discharge current based on state-of-health imbalance between battery packs
US11817723B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-11-14 Inventus Power, Inc. Large-format battery management system with in-rush protection using multiple thermistors
US11699908B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-07-11 Inventus Power, Inc. Large-format battery management system identifies power degradation
US11594892B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-02-28 Inventus Power, Inc. Battery pack with series or parallel identification signal
US11476677B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2022-10-18 Inventus Power, Inc. Battery pack charge cell balancing
US11489343B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2022-11-01 Inventus Power, Inc. Hardware short circuit protection in a large battery pack
US11509144B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2022-11-22 Inventus Power, Inc. Large-format battery management system with in-rush current protection for master-slave battery packs
US11552479B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-01-10 Inventus Power, Inc. Battery charge balancing circuit for series connections
US11705741B2 (en) 2020-07-24 2023-07-18 Inventus Power, Inc. Mode-based disabling of communication bus of a battery management system
US11245268B1 (en) 2020-07-24 2022-02-08 Inventus Power, Inc. Mode-based disabling of communiction bus of a battery management system
CN112034376A (zh) * 2020-08-24 2020-12-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 电源管理装置和方法
CN112034376B (zh) * 2020-08-24 2023-08-29 哲库科技(北京)有限公司 电源管理装置和方法
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US11411407B1 (en) 2021-02-24 2022-08-09 Inventus Power, Inc. Large-format battery management systems with gateway PCBA
US11404885B1 (en) 2021-02-24 2022-08-02 Inventus Power, Inc. Large-format battery management systems with gateway PCBA
CN117458561A (zh) * 2023-10-24 2024-01-26 三峡大学 一种户用储能并联电池组的控制方法及系统

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