WO2019137910A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un module en tôle d'acier - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un module en tôle d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019137910A1
WO2019137910A1 PCT/EP2019/050338 EP2019050338W WO2019137910A1 WO 2019137910 A1 WO2019137910 A1 WO 2019137910A1 EP 2019050338 W EP2019050338 W EP 2019050338W WO 2019137910 A1 WO2019137910 A1 WO 2019137910A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet steel
partial
steel component
region
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/050338
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Janko Banik
Dirk Rosenstock
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag
Priority to CN201980008023.8A priority Critical patent/CN111565862B/zh
Publication of WO2019137910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019137910A1/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D35/00Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
    • B21D35/001Shaping combined with punching, e.g. stamping and perforating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/02Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/88Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673Quenching devices for die quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002Bainite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00Treating localised areas of an article
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2261/00Machining or cutting being involved

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a steel sheet component.
  • DE 10 2016 103 668 B3 describes a method for cutting parts in which the cutting length is divided into two regions, the larger region being cut in the warm state, while the remaining cutting is carried out in a separate tool as cold cutting , In this way, the cold cutting associated with high tool wear is only applied to a portion of the total cut length.
  • the disadvantages of cold cutting, in particular the increased wear of the cutting tool are also present here.
  • the cut in the hard state, starting from the component edges cracks that lead to damage to the component.
  • Heating the steel sheet component wherein a first temperature control in a first region of the sheet steel component is carried out so that a complete austenitization in the first region is achieved and a second temperature control in a second region of the sheet steel component is carried out so that no or a partial Austenitmaschine in second area is achieved
  • the first Molberough takes place according to the invention in the heated state.
  • the heated component has a lower shear strength due to the increased temperature, which can advantageously reduce the wear of the cutting tool.
  • a parting surface that results when cutting usually consists of a relatively smooth area, in which the material is neatly cut by the shearing motion, and a fracture zone, in which the already partially divided material gives way under the shearing stress.
  • the (partial) trimming on the heated component advantageously leads to a less pronounced rupture zone and a correspondingly smoother separating surface. Furthermore, the material surrounding the cut edge is less deformed during hot trimming.
  • the choice of the temperature at which the first Operabeites is made preferably oriented to the temperature dependence of the hardness or the material structure. For example, serve as a criterion that the Vickers hardness should be below a specified value or that the conversion of austenite to martensite and / or bainite is completed to a certain percentage.
  • the forming of the steel sheet also takes place in the warmed state, whereby advantageously the higher shape-changing capability of the material is also utilized for this production step.
  • the heated steel sheet is transferred to a thermoforming tool and brought into the desired shape by closing the tool under the occurrence of tensile and compressive stresses.
  • the heating and shaping both take place in a thermoforming mold.
  • the first sectionberough comprises the majority of the cutting contour, while the second sectionberough comprises only a small part, with which the separation of the sheet steel component is completed.
  • the second region of the sheet steel component preferably comprises a relatively narrowly limited region, while the first region preferably comprises the remainder of the sheet steel component.
  • the method according to the invention is designed so that the second region of the sheet steel component is given a lower hardness by the heat treatment than the first region. This is achieved according to the invention by heating with a local temperature control in the first and second regions in combination with the subsequent cooling.
  • the hardness of the heat-treated steel is largely determined by the martensite and / or bainite content in the microstructure and is greater than 400 HV. If it is a steel material composite, the specified hardness refers to the composite partner with the higher hardness. This, in turn, results from the amount of austenite produced during the heating and the conversion of austenite into martensite and / or bainite which occurs during the cooling. In the method described above, the hardness of the first and second regions is influenced primarily by the temperature control during heating and thus by austenite formation.
  • the hardness in the second range is at most 400 HV, in particular at most 350 HV, preferably at most 300 HV, particularly preferably at most 250 HV.
  • HV corresponds to the Vickers hardness and is determined according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1: 2005 to -4: 2005.
  • the temperature control ie the choice of the temperatures at which the individual process steps are carried out and the temporal temperature profile of the heating and cooling processes according to the invention is based on the time-temperature Austenitisie- diagram (ZTA diagram) or on time Temperature conversion diagram (ZTU- Diagram) of the steel used.
  • ZTA diagram time-temperature Austenitisie- diagram
  • ZTU- Diagram time Temperature conversion diagram
  • the expected microstructure can be estimated as a function of the cooling rate for a cooling process, while the kinetics of austenite formation can be understood on the basis of the ZTA diagram.
  • the temperature and duration of the heating process can be set so that no or partial or complete austenitization is achieved.
  • Complete austenitisation is understood to mean that the temperature and the heating time are chosen such that, according to the ZTA diagram, the austenite formation is completely completed and the steel is present either as inhomogeneous or homogeneous austenite.
  • Partial austenitization means that the process parameters are chosen such that the material is only partially converted to austenite and is present, for example, as a mixture of ferrite and austenite. In the case that no austenitization takes place, of course, there is no austenite after the heat treatment.
  • the conversion lines Aci b beginning of austenite formation
  • AC 3 end of ferrite transformation
  • the heating may take place in a two-stage process, in which, after the first stage, a local cooling of the second region by a fluid or by contact cooling, etc. is carried out. In the subsequent second heating stage, a lower temperature is thereby developed in the pre-cooled second region in relation to the first region, so that the austenitization is essentially inhibited.
  • the cooling taking place after the first partial trimming takes place according to the invention with a high cooling rate (quenching).
  • the formed during heating Austenite diffusely converted essentially into martensite and / or bainite. Since there is less or no austenite after heating in the second range, the cooling results in a correspondingly lower or no amount of martensite and / or bainite and thus the lower hardness envisaged according to the invention.
  • the second Partbetre the steel sheet component is then carried along the second part of the sectional contour extending in the second region. Due to the lower hardness of the second region, the second partial section is advantageously associated with less wear.
  • the second partial trimming also called cold trimming, takes place in one or more softer zones compared to the rest of the component. Furthermore, edge cracks or microcracks at the edges can be reduced in this way, since in these areas a lower strength or edge crack sensitivity or a higher toughness is present.
  • the choice of the first and second part length of the predetermined cutting contour should firstly be based on separating as much of the cut contour as possible in the first part trim.
  • the length and position of the partial cuts should also be based on the fact that no or only a slight distortion of the sheet metal part occurs, or such a delay in a further processing step, optionally integrated in the second Operaberough, can be easily compensated .
  • the first sectionberough should not lead to a complete separation of a part of the component, so that the mechanical cohesion with the rest of the sheet metal part is initially maintained. In this way, the sheet steel component as a whole can be removed from the tool without leaving any separated residues therein. The complete separation can then advantageously be done afterwards in the second sectionberough.
  • Cooling of the sheet steel component wherein a fourth temperature control in the first region of the sheet steel component is carried out so that an at least partial conversion of austenite to martensite and / or bainite in the first region is achieved and a fifth temperature control in a second region of the sheet steel construction - partly made in such a way that no or a partial transformation of austenite into martensite and / or bainite in the second region is achieved,
  • the hot trimming also takes place in this process in the heated state, resulting in the above-mentioned advantages of hot cutting.
  • the different hardness of the first and second region is here primarily influenced by the temperature control during cooling and thus by the partial conversion of austenite into martensite and / or bainite or undergoes no corresponding conversion.
  • both areas are treated in the same way, so that as complete as possible austenitisation takes place throughout the component (temperature control above AC 3 ).
  • the shaping and the first partial trimming are both carried out in the heated state, similar to the first method, so that the first partial trimming is advantageously associated with little wear of the cutting tool and additionally smaller fracture zones and a small deformation of the material surrounding the cut are achieved .
  • the difference in temperature of the first and second regions according to the invention results in the hardness of the two regions being greatly different according to the invention.
  • the temperature control is again based on the characteristics of the ZTU diagram, so that the temperature profile can be set according to the desired structure or the associated hardness.
  • the fourth temperature control is chosen such that an at least partial, in particular complete, conversion of the available austenite into martensite and / or bainite takes place, resulting in maximum hardening in the first region.
  • the fifth temperature control is designed so that the existing austenite is not or only partially converted into martensite and / or bainite, so that in the second area results in a, compared to the first area reduced hardness.
  • the forming and cooling preferably take place in the same tool, so that the steel sheet member is pressed in a heated state in a mold and is brought to a lower temperature during the pressing process by cooling the forming tool, for example in the form of a water cooling or capillary cooling system.
  • the second partial trimming is then carried out on the completely cooled steel sheet component or in the cold state in the second region, so that the second partial trimming is advantageously associated with less wear and edge cracks or micro-cracks are reduced at the edges.
  • Both methods have in common that a different hardening of the two regions is produced by the temperature control of the heating or cooling process in the first and second regions, whereby the second region has a reduced hardness compared to the first region in the cooled or cold state ,
  • the deformation and the first sectionberough be carried out substantially simultaneously.
  • both process steps take place in the same tool.
  • the simultaneous execution can be advantageously avoided a temperature loss that could occur between the forming and the first Generalberough.
  • the combined processing in a tool that performs both the forming and the trimming the production can be accelerated and a repositioning of the component is advantageously not necessary.
  • the combination of hot forming and hot trimming can be realized, for example, by a forming tool which has a cutting edge along the first part length, so that a separation takes place along the first part length when the component is pressed.
  • the sheet steel component is directed and / or calibrated during and / or after the second partial trimming. Due to the fact that the steel sheet component in the second partial trimming can be distorted by the forces applied during cutting or by the residual stresses arising during the phase transformations, it is advantageously possible to deform during and / or directly after the second trimming correct. According to the invention, the second partial trimming and the subsequent correction preferably take place in a single tool, so that in this way trimming and calibrating and / or straightening operations are integrated into a single process step.
  • the forming, the first partial trimming and the cooling take place in a first tool and the second partial trimming in a second tool.
  • hot forming with simultaneous partial trimming is carried out in an integrated manner by a single tool, while the subsequent partial trimming takes place in a further tool.
  • the clipping residue is removed from the sheet steel component after the second partial trimming.
  • the mechanical cohesion of the steel sheet component is at first completely retained and the final separation of individual parts takes place only through the second partial trimming. The separated trim residue can then be removed from the sheet steel component in an additional step.
  • a coating or a coating is applied prior to heating to the steel sheet component and the heating of the sheet steel component comprises a first stage in which a sixth temperature control of the sheet steel component is made so that a partial or complete fürlegie- tion of the coating or the coating is achieved.
  • the coating or the coating may, for example, be zinc compounds or aluminum compounds, in particular an aluminum-silicon coating.
  • the first stage of the heating is heated to a temperature below Ac 3 and maintained at this temperature, so that in particular still no austenitization takes place, but the AlSi coating, for example, is completely or partially completely alloyed through.
  • the component is then at least partially heated to a temperature above Ac 3 and held at this temperature until the material is at least partially austenitized in sufficient manner for the subsequent press-hardening.
  • the coating consists of a zinc compound or of an aluminum compound, in particular of an aluminum-silicon coating.
  • a sheet steel component can be produced, which may have a first or more first zones with at least 30% by volume of the sheet steel component, in which at least 95 area% martensite and / or bainite, possibly other structural constituents available.
  • the steel sheet component can be substantially completely hardened, except for the regions adjoining the second region, wherein the structure of the entire component consists of at least 95 area% of martensite and / or bainite, possibly other structural constituents.
  • a second or a plurality of second zones which have lower hardnesses compared to the first zone, if required by the component function, may also extend over the sheet-steel component to tailored properties, in particular in the course of the tailored Tempering with different mechanical properties provide shadow on the component.
  • the second zone does not necessarily have to have a cut contour.
  • the sheet steel component may have a substantially constant material thickness or else different material thicknesses (tailored rolled blank).
  • the sheet steel component is used as a structural component, in particular as a pillar, side member, sill, spar, tunnel, or as a chassis component, in particular as a chassis link, a torsion beam axle in a vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sheet steel component with a first and a second partial length of FIG
  • the production of the sheet steel component 1 comprises a deformation in the heated state, indicated schematically by the illustrated form of the sheet steel component 1, a hardening process and a trimming along the dashed line, so that the front part of the sheet steel component 1 completely from the rest is separated. According to the invention, this trimming takes place in two steps, a first partial length 2 of the steel sheet component 1 being separated in the first partial trimming in the heated state and a second partial length 4 being separated in the second partial trimming in the cooled or cold state.
  • the first part length 2 preferably comprises the major part of the contour to be cut, so that the second part length remaining after the first part trimming only ensures the mechanical cohesion of the workpiece, but can be separated in the second part trimming with relatively little effort.
  • the lower hardness and the higher modulus of change of the component 1 in the heated state can thus be exploited, so that in addition to a smaller wear of the cutting tool a smoother cutting surface is achieved and also crack formation is reduced during the cutting process.
  • the invention provides that the temperature control of the sheet steel component 1 during heating and / or cooling takes place in such a way that a first area with maximum hardness and a second area 3 with opposite the maximum hardness of reduced hardness results.
  • a local temperature profile in the first region is set such that a microstructure having a high martensite and / or bainite content is formed, while a further local temperature control in the second region 3 is less to no martensite and / or or bainite content generated.
  • the second region 3 consists of a relatively small region on the edge of the component 1, while the first region of maximum hardness comprises the entire remainder of the component 1. In this way, advantageously only a small part of the entire component 1 has a reduced hardness.
  • the high hardness of the first region is not disadvantageous for the trimming according to the invention, since the first partial trimming running in the first region takes place in the still uncured state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un module en tôle d'acier (1), dont les étapes consistent : - en le chauffage du module en tôle d'acier (1), une première régulation de température dans une première zone du module en tôle d'acier (1) étant prédéfinie de sorte qu'une austénitisation complète est obtenue dans la première zone et une deuxième régulation de température dans une deuxième zone (3) du module en tôle d'acier (1) étant prédéfinie de sorte qu'une austénitisation partielle est obtenue dans la deuxième zone (3), - en la déformation et en un premier détourage partiel du module en tôle d'acier (1), le premier détourage partiel se produisant le long d'une première longueur partielle (2) d'un contour de coupe prédéfini et la première longueur partielle (2) s'étendant dans la première zone du module en tôle d'acier (1), - en le refroidissement du module en tôle d'acier (1), - en un deuxième détourage partiel du module en tôle d'acier (1), le deuxième détourage partiel se produisant le long d'une deuxième longueur partielle (4) du contour de coupe prédéfini et la deuxième longueur partielle (4) s'étendant dans la deuxième zone (3) du module en tôle d'acier. L'invention concerne en outre un autre procédé, lors duquel une austénitisation complète du module en tôle d'acier (1) est obtenue par le chauffage et une conversion au moins partielle d'austénite en martensite et/ou en bainite est obtenue dans la première zone et aucune conversion ou une conversion partielle d'austénite en martensite et/ou en bainite est obtenue dans la deuxième zone par le refroidissement suivant la déformation et le premier détourage partiel et précédant le deuxième détourage partiel.
PCT/EP2019/050338 2018-01-10 2019-01-08 Procédé de fabrication d'un module en tôle d'acier WO2019137910A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980008023.8A CN111565862B (zh) 2018-01-10 2019-01-08 钢板构件的制造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018200310.6 2018-01-10
DE102018200310.6A DE102018200310A1 (de) 2018-01-10 2018-01-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlblechbauteils

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WO2019137910A1 true WO2019137910A1 (fr) 2019-07-18

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WO (1) WO2019137910A1 (fr)

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CN114700598B (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-12-06 中铁物总资源科技有限公司 一种铁路报废货车车厢侧板与端板的切割方法

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EP2233593A2 (fr) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-29 ThyssenKrupp Umformtechnik GmbH Procédé et station de déformage à chaud pour la fabrication de composants de formage en tôle d'acier durcis par presse
DE202012000616U1 (de) * 2012-01-24 2012-02-29 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Struktur- und/oder Karosseriebauteil für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit verbesserten Crasheigenschaften und Korrosionsschutz
EP2993241A1 (fr) * 2014-08-26 2016-03-09 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Procede et presse pour fabriquer au moins en partie des composants de tole durcis
EP3072980A1 (fr) * 2015-03-26 2016-09-28 weba Werkzeugbau Betriebs GmbH Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un élément de formage partiellement durci
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CN111565862B (zh) 2022-07-19
CN111565862A (zh) 2020-08-21

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