WO2019136590A1 - 一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019136590A1
WO2019136590A1 PCT/CN2018/071901 CN2018071901W WO2019136590A1 WO 2019136590 A1 WO2019136590 A1 WO 2019136590A1 CN 2018071901 W CN2018071901 W CN 2018071901W WO 2019136590 A1 WO2019136590 A1 WO 2019136590A1
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cyanine dye
pentamethine cyanine
solvent
added
mass ratio
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PCT/CN2018/071901
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨志刚
屈军乐
刘毋凡
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深圳大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/071901 priority Critical patent/WO2019136590A1/zh
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Priority to US16/667,864 priority patent/US10968386B2/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00Preparations for testing in vivo
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/02Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
    • C09B23/08Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/16Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing hetero atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483Physical analysis of biological material

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation, and in particular relates to a pentamethine cyanine dye and a preparation method thereof.
  • the Random Optical Reconstruction Super Resolution Imaging Method is a novel super-resolution imaging method. This method has a large dependence on the performance of fluorescent materials.
  • Alexa647 is generally considered to be a fluorescent material with better performance for STORM super-resolution imaging, but the number of such materials is small, and the use of super-resolution imaging for living cells is also In the case of defects that affect normal use.
  • SOFI super-resolution imaging requires a fluorescent material to have a photo-scintillation effect, but no suitable fluorescent material is suitable for SOFI super-resolution imaging.
  • the invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem of lack of STORM and SOFI super-resolution fluorescent materials.
  • the present invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye having the structure of the following formula I:
  • X and Y are O, S, C(CH 3 ) 2 or NR 6
  • R 1 is (CH 2 ) n R 7 or (CH 2 ) m C 6 H 4 R 7
  • R 2 and R 3 are respectively H, halogen, (CH 2 ) n R 8 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 , SO 3 H, SO 3 - , OCH 3 , SCH 3 , benzyloxy group, NO 2 , O(CH 2 ) n R 8.
  • Any one of OCH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 or CN, and R 4 and R 5 are CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 C 6 H 5 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 F, (CH, respectively) 2 ) Any one of n R 8 or CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 18.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of pentamethine cyanine dye, the method comprising:
  • Glycerin, benzaldehyde derivative and toluene derivative are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 to 2.5:0.05 to 0.2, and heated under reflux at 50 to 60 ° C for 6 to 10 hours to remove water formed, cooled, and reacted.
  • the system is added to the lye, washed, extracted, dried, and the solvent is removed to obtain the intermediate I in the form of a paste;
  • the intermediate I and the solvent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to 4, the basic substance is added in a cold water bath, the reactant is added, separated, and purified to obtain the intermediate II, and the acetal reaction is carried out under acidic conditions to obtain a condensing agent. ;
  • benzimidazole and a substance of the formula R4(R5)CH2Z are reacted at 80 to 148 degrees Celsius for 6 to 36 hours to obtain a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • Z is halogen or OTS
  • R 2 and R 3 are each H, halogen, (CH 2 ) n R 8 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 , SO 3 H, SO 3 - , OCH 3 , SCH 3 , Any one of a benzyloxy group, NO 2 , O(CH 2 ) n R 8 , OCH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 or CN, and R 4 and R 5 are CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 , respectively. Any one of C 6 H 5 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 F, (CH 2 ) n R 8 or CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 wherein m and n are each an integer from 1 to 18;
  • the condensing agent, the alcohol, the quaternary ammonium salt and the anhydrous pyridine are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 2:2 to 3:0.8 to 1.2, and heated under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 to 60 ° C for 6 to 13 hours to remove the solvent. , washing, separating, and purifying to obtain pentamethine cyanine dye.
  • the present invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye and a preparation method thereof.
  • a novel type of a central oxygen-containing monosubstituted pentamethine cyanine dye can be provided, which is beneficial to the living organism.
  • the single-labeling of the structure and the photophysical properties of the improved dye include photobleaching resistance and photoluminescence, while the molar absorption coefficient of pentamethine is large, the absorption and emission wavelengths are adjustable, the synthesis is easy, the fluorescence quantum yield is moderate, and the cell phase Good capacitive properties, etc. can be used as fluorescent imaging materials.
  • the photo-induced scintillation phenomenon of pentamethine cyanine dye is suitable as an ideal fluorescent material for STORM and SOFI super-resolution imaging.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of preparation of a condensing agent in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing the preparation of a symmetric pentamethine cyanine dye in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing the preparation of an asymmetric pentamethine cyanine dye in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5(a) to Fig. 5(d) are graphs showing confocal fluorescence imaging of living cells MCF-7, macrophage RAW-7, zebrafish embryo cells and HeLa cells;
  • Figure 6 is a STOM super-resolution imaging detection map.
  • the present invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye, which has the structure of the following formula I:
  • X and Y are O, S, C(CH 3 ) 2 or NR 6
  • R 1 is (CH 2 ) n R 7 or (CH 2 ) m C 6 H 4 R 7
  • R 2 and R 3 are respectively H, halogen, (CH 2 ) n R 8 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 , SO 3 H, SO 3 - , OCH 3 , SCH 3 , benzyloxy group, NO 2 , O(CH 2 ) n R 8.
  • Any one of OCH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 or CN, and R 4 and R 5 are CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 C 6 H 5 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 F, (CH, respectively) 2 ) Any of n R 8 or CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 wherein m and n are each an integer of from 1 to 18.
  • the invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pentamethine cyanine has a large absorption absorbance, an absorption emission wavelength is adjustable, is easy to synthesize, has low fluorescence quantum yield, and has low cytotoxicity and is applied as a fluorescent material.
  • the pentamethine cyanine dye can also undergo photo-induced scintillation, and is suitable for use as a super-resolution fluorescent material required for STORM and SOFI.
  • R 6 is (CH 2 ) n R 8 or CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 .
  • R 7 is H, ethynyl, vinyl, phenyl, naphthyl, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, furan, pyrrole heterocycle, C 6 H 4 R 9 , phenylboronic acid ester, propargyl propionate Any of a group, folic acid, methotrexate, RGD, Biotin, SO 3 R 10 or COOR 11 .
  • R 8 is any one of H, SO 3 R 10 or COOR 11 .
  • R 10 is N(R 12 R 13 R 14 R 15 ).
  • R 11 is a C 1-18 alkyl group.
  • R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are each of H, C 1-18 alkyl, (CH 2 ) m OR 8 or (CHR 9 CH 2 O) p R 8 , m Both p and p are integers from 0 to 18.
  • R 9 is any one of H, citric acid, boric acid, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, C 1-18 alkyl group, amino group, oxygen or sulfur.
  • a different oxygen-containing substituent R1 is introduced at the neutral position of the pentamethine cyanine dye, wherein R1 is a group other than a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.
  • the structure of the pentamethine cyanine dye is the following structural formula:
  • the present invention provides a pentamethine cyanine dye and a preparation method thereof.
  • a nitrogen-free substituent group R1 in the formula I since the molar absorption absorption of the pentamethine cyanine is large, the absorption emission wavelength is adjustable, and the synthesis is easy, and the fluorescence quantum Low yield and low cytotoxicity are used as fluorescent materials.
  • pentamethine cyanine dyes can also undergo photo-induced scintillation and are suitable for super-resolved fluorescent materials required for STORM and SOFI.
  • the invention also provides a method for synthesizing pentamethine cyanine dye, the method comprising:
  • Step 1 Mix glycerin, benzaldehyde derivative and toluene derivative at a mass ratio of 1:2 to 2.5:0.05 to 0.2, and heat and reflux at 50 to 60 ° C for 6 to 10 hours to remove the generated water and cool.
  • the reaction system is added to the lye, washed, extracted, dried, and the solvent is removed to obtain the intermediate I in the form of a paste;
  • Step 2 Mix the intermediate I and the solvent according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to 4, add the basic substance in the cold water bath, add the reactant (R1X), separate and purify, and obtain the intermediate II, and then shrink under acidic conditions.
  • the aldehyde is reacted to obtain a condensing agent;
  • Step 3 According to the mass ratio of 1:1 to 4, the base 2,3,3-trimethyl-5-R2(R3)-3H containing the substituent 2,3,3-trimethyl-5-R2(R3)-3H, benzopyrazole, benzothiophene, benzene
  • the oxazole or benzimidazole is reacted with a compound of the formula R4(R5)CH2Z at a temperature of 80 to 148 degrees Celsius for 6 to 36 hours to obtain a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • Z is halogen or OTS
  • R 2 and R 3 are each H, halogen, (CH 2 ) n R 8 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 , SO 3 H, SO 3 - , OCH 3 , SCH 3 , Any one of a benzyloxy group, NO 2 , O(CH 2 ) n R 8 , OCH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 or CN, and R 4 and R 5 are CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 , respectively. Any of C 6 H 5 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 F, (CH 2 ) n R 8 or CH 2 C 6 H 4 R 8 wherein m and n are each an integer of from 1 to 18.
  • Step 4 Mixing the condensing agent, the alcohol, the quaternary ammonium salt and the anhydrous pyridine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 2:2 to 3:0.8 to 1.2, and heating and refluxing for 6 to 13 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 to 60 degrees Celsius. The solvent is removed, washed, separated, and purified to obtain pentamethine cyanine dye.
  • step one In step one,
  • the benzaldehyde derivative is benzaldehyde or methylbenzaldehyde
  • the toluene derivative is at least one of toluene and toluenesulfonic acid.
  • step two In step two,
  • R1X is at least one of propargyl bromide, butyrolactone, propargyloxy bromide, benzyl bromide, 4-nitrobenzyl bromide, sulfate, and p-toluenesulfonate.
  • the alkaline substance is at least one of strong potassium oxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate.
  • the oxidizing agent is at least one of PCC and Jones reagent.
  • step three In step three,
  • the intermediate I is mixed with the solvent according to the mass ratio of 1:2 to 4, and the organic base is added in an ice bath condition according to the mass ratio of the intermediate I and the organic base of 1:0.1 to 0.3, and the reaction is carried out for 1 to 2 hours, and is separated and purified.
  • the obtained substance is reacted with anhydrous acetonitrile or DMF for 1 to 2 hours, a phenol derivative (R1ArOH) and a basic substance are added, and the reaction is carried out for 2 to 3 hours, the solvent is removed, washed with water, separated, and purified to obtain an intermediate IIn, which is acidic.
  • the acetal is decomposed by the intermediate IIn with an oxidizing agent to obtain a condensing agent IIIn, and the mass ratio of the acetonitrile or DMF to the obtained substance is 3 to 5:1, and the phenol derivative and the base are used.
  • the amount of the substance to be added is 0.9 to 1.1 times and 0.1 to 0.3 times the mass of the intermediate I, respectively.
  • the solvent is dichloromethane or anhydrous chloroform.
  • the solvent is an organic base such as triethylamine or DIPEA.
  • the phenol derivative (R1ArOH) is at least one of 4-methylphenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing the preparation of a condensing agent, and Fig. 1 shows a preparation process of a condensing agent.
  • step three In step three,
  • KI may be added as a catalyst in the reaction to increase the rate of the reaction and shorten the reaction time.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of preparation of a quaternary ammonium salt
  • FIG. 1 shows a preparation process of a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • step four
  • the preparation method of the pentamethine cyanine dye comprises:
  • the condensing agent IIIn, the alcohol, the quaternary ammonium salt and the anhydrous pyridine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 2:2 to 3:0.8 to 1.2, and heated under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 to 60 ° C until the solution turns dark blue. The color was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was removed, washed, separated, and purified to give a pentamethine dye.
  • the pentamethine cyanine dye obtained by the method is a symmetrical structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of preparation of a symmetric pentamethine cyanine dye
  • FIG. 3 shows a preparation process of a symmetric pentamethine cyanine dye.
  • the preparation method of the pentamethine cyanine dye comprises:
  • the condensing agent IIIn, the alcohol, the quaternary ammonium salt and the anhydrous pyridine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:2 to 4:0.8 to 2:0.8 to 1.2, and heated under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 to 60 degrees Celsius until the solution turns yellow. Green, the solvent is removed, isolated, purified to give a yellow intermediate.
  • the yellow intermediate is dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, and heated in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 times of anhydrous pyridine and 0.1 to 0.2 times of quaternary ammonium salt at 50 to 60 ° C for 5 to 6 hours, respectively, and cooled to room temperature to remove the solvent. Separation and purification gave a pentamethine cyanine dye.
  • the pentamethine cyanine dye obtained by the method has an asymmetric structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of preparation of an asymmetric pentamethine cyanine dye
  • FIG. 4 shows a preparation process of an asymmetric pentamethine cyanine dye.
  • the pentamethine cyanine dye prepared by the method has the advantages of simple method, high yield, simple raw materials used, and greatly reduced cost.
  • the halogenated product of R4 or R5 may be CH 2 Cl, CH 2 CH 2 Cl, CHClC 6 H 5 , CH 2 C 6 H 4 F, (CH 2 ).
  • the sulfate ester can be replaced with the halogenated product of R4 or R5 and p-toluenesulfonate exemplified in Example 3.
  • the p-toluenesulfonate can be replaced with the halogenated product of R4 or R5 and the sulfate ester exemplified in Example 3.
  • the sulfate ester can be replaced with the halogenated product of R4 or R5 and p-toluenesulfonate exemplified in Example 3.
  • benzoporphyrin may be replaced by 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline.
  • 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced with 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin.
  • 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced by 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin.
  • 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced by 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin.
  • 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced by 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin, and toluene can be used.
  • dichlorobenzene the ether can be replaced with acetone.
  • 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced by 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin, and acetone can be used as diethyl ether. instead.
  • 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline can be replaced by 5-substituted-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-carboline or benzoporphyrin, and acetone can be used as diethyl ether. instead.
  • 2-methylbenzothiazole can be replaced by 2-methylbenzoxazole or N-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole, and diethyl ether can be replaced by acetone.
  • 2-methylbenzothiazole can be replaced by 2-methylbenzoxazole or N-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole, and diethyl ether can be replaced by acetone.
  • 2-methylbenzothiazole can be replaced by 2-methylbenzoxazole or N-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole
  • diethyl ether can be replaced by acetone or n-hexane.
  • 2-methylbenzothiazole can be replaced by 2-methylbenzoxazole or N-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole
  • diethyl ether can be replaced by acetone or n-hexane.
  • 2-methylbenzothiazole can be replaced by 2-methylbenzoxazole or N-ethyl-2-methylbenzimidazole
  • diethyl ether can be replaced by acetone or n-hexane.
  • Example 20 100 g of the acetal prepared in Example 20 was added to 200 g of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solvent, and 20 g of NaH powder was added in an ice water bath, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and propargyl bromide was added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 10 hours in an ice water bath. The solvent is removed, and the separation and purification are carried out rapidly.
  • the obtained 2-alkoxy-1,3-propanediol is oxidized by PCC or Jones reagent to oxidize the hydroxyl group to an aldehyde group, and the column is separated and purified to obtain a pale yellow 2-alkoxy group. Substituted 1,3-propanedialdehyde condensing agent.
  • propargyl bromide can be replaced by butyrolactone, propargyloxy bromide, benzyl bromide, 4-nitrobenzyl bromide, sulfate or p-toluenesulfonate.
  • Example 20 100 g of the acetal prepared in Example 20 was added to 300 g of anhydrous dichloromethane, and an excess of 20 g of triethylamine was added in an ice water bath, stirred for 15 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 10 hours in an ice water bath to remove the solvent. The mixture was subjected to rapid separation and purification, and the obtained 2-alkoxy-1,3-propanediol acetal was placed in 400 g of anhydrous acetonitrile to prepare a solution.
  • dichloromethane can be replaced by anhydrous chloroform
  • triethylamine can be replaced with DIPEA
  • anhydrous acetonitrile can be replaced with /DMF
  • 4-methylphenol can be 4-nitrophenol
  • 4-chlorophenol 1-naphthol
  • 2-naphthol anhydrous potassium carbonate can be replaced by anhydrous sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
  • anhydrous diethyl ether can be replaced by n-hexane.
  • ethanol can be replaced by isopropyl alcohol.
  • ethanol can be replaced by isopropyl alcohol.
  • the dye can enter the European cell and has different selectivity in the cell, and can be applied to the application of the living cell fluorescent dye.
  • Examples 18-19 were configured as 1 mM mother liquor according to the method of 5, and diluted with water to a concentration where no molecules were aggregated.
  • the mother liquor was evenly spread on a cover slip using a homogenizer, and the coverslip was placed in a STORM super-resolution.
  • the laser is continuously irradiated with a laser having a wavelength of 633 nm, and the photoluminescence is observed under a microscope.
  • the dye has good photoluminescence, and is further cultured with living cells, and oxidoreductase is added.
  • the STORM super-resolution imaging test of living cells is shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 6 is a STOM super-resolution imaging detection chart. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the dye has obvious scintillation in living cells.

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Abstract

一种具有式(I)结构的五甲川菁染料及其制备方法,该染料适于作为STORM及SOFI超分辨成像所需的荧光材料。 (I)

Description

一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,分子荧光检测与成像技术的发展为生命科学的发展提供了强有力的研究检测工具,例如利用分子荧光成像分析技术的检测仪器,共聚焦荧光成像显微镜、荧光光谱/寿命仪等。在上述理论的基础上,迅速崛起的超分辨成像技术更突破光学衍射极限的限制,获得尺寸小于200nm的微小目标的精细结构成像。
随机光学重构超分辨成像方法(STORM)是一种新型的超分辨成像方法。这种方法对荧光材料性能具有较大依赖性,目前Alexa647普遍认为是用于STORM超分辨成像性能较好的荧光材料,但是这类材料的数量少,在将超分辨成像用于活细胞方面还在缺陷,影响正常的使用。另外,SOFI超分辨成像要求荧光材料具有光致闪烁效应,但没有合适的荧光材料适用于SOFI超分辨成像。
发明内容
本发明提供一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法,旨在解决STORM及SOFI超分辨荧光材料缺乏的问题。
本发明提供的一种五甲川菁染料,所述五甲川菁染料具有如下通式I的结构:
Figure PCTCN2018071901-appb-000001
其中,X和Y为O、S、C(CH 3) 2或NR 6,R 1为(CH 2) nR 7或(CH 2) mC 6H 4R 7,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,n为1~18的整数。
本发明提供一种五甲川菁染料的制备方法,该方法包括:
按质量比1:2~2.5:0.05~0.2取甘油、苯甲醛衍生物与甲苯衍生物混合,并在50~60摄氏度的条件下加热回流6~10h,除去生成的水,冷却,并将反应体系加入到碱液中洗涤,萃取、干燥,除去溶剂,得到膏状固体状的中间体I;
按质量比1:1~4取中间体I和溶剂混合,在冷水浴中加入碱性物质,加入反应物,分离,纯化,得到中间体II,在酸性条件下进行缩醛反应,得到缩合剂;
按照质量比1:1~4将包含取代基2,3,3-三甲基-5-R2(R3)-3H的吲哚林、苯并吲哚类、苯并噻错、苯并噁唑或苯并咪唑与化学式为R4(R5)CH2Z的物质在80~148摄氏度的条件下反应6~36h,得到季铵盐,
其中,Z为卤素或OTS,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,m和n均为1~18的整数;
按照质量比1:0.8~2:2~3:0.8~1.2将缩合剂、醇类,季铵盐、无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下、50~60摄氏度加热回流6~13小时,除去溶剂,洗涤,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
本发明提供一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法,通过在通式I中引入不含氧的取代基团R1,可以提供一类新型中位含氧单取代的五甲川菁染料,有利于对生 物结构的单标记及改进染料的光物理性能包括耐光漂白性及光致闪烁性能,同时五甲川菁的摩尔吸光系数大,吸收、发射波长可调,易于合成,荧光量子产率适中,以及细胞相容性好等特点可作为荧光成像材料,另外,除上述荧光特性外,结合五甲川菁染料的光致闪烁现象,适于作为STORM及SOFI超分辨成像所需的理想荧光材料。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例。
图1是本发明实施例中缩合剂制备的流程示意图;
图2是本发明实施例中季铵盐制备的流程示意图;
图3是本发明实施例中对称性五甲川菁染料制备的流程示意图;
图4是本发明实施例中不对称性五甲川菁染料制备的流程示意图;
图5(a)~图5(d)为活细胞MCF-7,巨噬细胞RAW-7,斑马鱼胚胎细胞及HeLa细胞共聚焦荧光成像测试图;
图6为STOM超分辨成像检测图。
具体实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而非全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种五甲川菁五甲川菁染料,五甲川菁染料具有如下通式I的结构:
Figure PCTCN2018071901-appb-000002
其中,X和Y为O、S、C(CH 3) 2或NR 6,R 1为(CH 2) nR 7或(CH 2) mC 6H 4R 7,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,m和n均为1~18的整数。
本发明提供一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法,由于五甲川菁的摩尔吸光吸收大,吸收发射波长可调,易于合成,荧光量子产率低,以及细胞毒性低的特点应用于作为荧光材料,另外,除上述荧光特性外,五甲川菁染料还可以发生光致闪烁现象,适用于作为STORM及SOFI所需的超分辨荧光材料。
具体地,R 6为(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8
具体地,R 7为H、乙炔基、乙烯基、苯基、萘基、咪唑、吡唑、噁唑、噻唑、呋喃、吡咯杂环、C 6H 4R 9、苯硼酸醇酯、炔丙基、叶酸、氨甲喋呤、RGD、Biotin、SO 3R 10或COOR 11中的任意一种。
具体地,R 8为H、SO 3R 10或COOR 11中的任意一种。
具体地,R 10为N(R 12R 13R 14R 15)。
具体地,R 11为C 1-18烷基。
具体地,R 12、R 13、R 14和R 15分别为H、C 1-18烷基、(CH 2) mOR 8或(CHR 9CH 2O) pR 8中的任意一种,m和p均为0~18的整数。
具体地,R 9为H、胂酸、硼酸、羧酸、磺酸、C 1-18烷基、氨基、氧或硫中的任意一种。
优选地,在五甲川菁染料的中位引入不同的含氧取代基团R1,其中,R1为非甲基、乙基和丙基的基团。
优选地,五甲川菁染料的结构为以下结构式:
Figure PCTCN2018071901-appb-000003
本发明提供一种五甲川菁染料及制备方法,通过在通式I中引入不含氧的取代基团R1,由于五甲川菁的摩尔吸光吸收大,吸收发射波长可调,易于合成,荧光量子产率低,以及细胞毒性低的特点应用于作为荧光材料,另外,除上述荧光特性外,五甲川菁染料还可以发生光致闪烁现象,适用于作为STORM及SOFI所需的超分辨荧光材料。
本发明还提供五甲川菁染料的合成方法,该方法包括:
步骤一、按质量比1:2~2.5:0.05~0.2取甘油、苯甲醛衍生物与甲苯衍生物混合,并在50~60摄氏度的条件下加热回流6~10h,除去生成的水,冷却,并将反应体系加入到碱液中洗涤,萃取、干燥,除去溶剂,得到膏状固体状的中间体I;
步骤二、按质量比1:1~4取中间体I和溶剂混合,在冷水浴中加入碱性物质,加入反应物(R1X),分离,纯化,得到中间体II,在酸性条件下进行缩醛反应, 得到缩合剂;
步骤三、按照质量比1:1~4将包含取代基2,3,3-三甲基-5-R2(R3)-3H的吲哚林、苯并吲哚类、苯并噻错、苯并噁唑或苯并咪唑与化学式为R4(R5)CH2Z的物质在80~148摄氏度的条件下反应6~36h,得到季铵盐,
其中,Z为卤素或OTS,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,m和n均为1~18的整数。
步骤四、按照质量比1:0.8~2:2~3:0.8~1.2将缩合剂、醇类,季铵盐、无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下、50~60摄氏度加热回流6~13小时,除去溶剂,洗涤,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
步骤一中,
具体地,苯甲醛衍生物为苯甲醛、甲基苯甲醛,甲苯衍生物为甲苯和甲苯磺酸中的至少一种。
步骤二中,
具体地,R1X为炔丙基溴、磺酸丁内酯、炔丙氧乙氧基溴、苄溴、4-硝基苄溴、硫酸酯、对甲苯磺酸酯中的至少一种。
具体地,碱性物质为强氧化钾、氢氧化钠和碳酸钠中的至少一种。
具体地,氧化剂为PCC和琼斯试剂中的至少一种。
步骤三中,
进一步地,缩醛的制备方法为:
按照质量比1:2~4将中间体I与溶剂混合,在冰浴条件下,按照中间体I和有机碱的质量比为1:0.1~0.3加入有机碱,反应1~2h,分离,纯化,将得到的物质与无水乙腈或DMF反应1~2h,加入酚类衍生物(R1ArOH)和碱性物质,反应2~3h,除去溶剂,水洗,分离,纯化,得到中间体IIn,在酸性条件下,利用氧化剂对中间体IIn分解缩醛,得到缩合剂IIIn,所述乙腈或DMF的加入量与所述 得到的物质的质量比为3~5:1,所述酚类衍生物、碱性物质的加入量分别为中间体I的质量的0.9~1.1倍,0.1~0.3倍。
具体地,溶剂为二氯甲烷或无水氯仿。
具体地,溶剂为有机碱为三乙胺或DIPEA。
具体地,酚类衍生物(R1ArOH)为4-甲基苯酚、4-硝基苯酚、4-氯苯酚、1-萘酚和2-萘酚中的至少一种。
如图1所示,图1为缩合剂制备的流程示意图,图1示出了缩合剂的制备过程。
步骤三中,
进一步地,当Z为卤素中的氯或溴时,在反应中可加入KI作为催化剂,以提高反应的速率,缩短反应的时间。
如图2所示,图2为季铵盐制备的流程示意图,图1示出了季铵盐的制备过程。
步骤四中,
具体地,五甲川菁染料制备方法包括:
按照质量比1:0.8~2:2~3:0.8~1.2将缩合剂IIIn、醇类,季铵盐、无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下、50~60摄氏度加热回流,直至溶液变为深蓝色,冷却至室温,除去溶剂,洗涤,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
需要说明的是,该方法得到的五甲川菁染料是对称结构。如图3所示,图3为对称型五甲川菁染料制备的流程示意图,图3示出了对称型五甲川菁染料的制备过程。
可选地,五甲川菁染料制备方法包括:
按照质量比6:2~4:0.8~2:0.8~1.2将缩合剂IIIn、醇类、季铵盐和无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下,50~60摄氏度加热回流,直至溶液变为黄绿色,除去溶剂,分离,纯化得到黄色中间体。将黄色中间体溶于异丙醇中,分别按照反应体系重量的0.1~0.3倍无水吡啶和0.1~0.2倍的季铵盐在50~60摄氏度加热5~6h,冷却至室温,除去溶剂,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
需要说明的是,该方法得到的五甲川菁染料为不对称结构。
如图4所示,图3为不对称型五甲川菁染料制备的流程示意图,图4示出了不对称型五甲川菁染料的制备过程。
利用该方法制备得到的五甲川菁染料方法简单,产率高,所使用的原料简单,大大的减少了成本。
本发明提供的五甲川菁染料的制备方法实施例中的未尽细节,请参照本发明五甲川菁染料实施例,在此不再赘述。
1、季铵盐的制备
实施例1
2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐的合成(X=Y=C(CH 3) 2)
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉/5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,加入150g对甲苯磺酸酯,在氮气气氛下,70摄氏度加热回流6h,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥,得到粉红色固体(产率75%)。
实施例2
2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐的合成(X=Y=C(CH 3) 2)
取100g5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g邻二氯苯,加入150g硫酸酯,在氮气气氛下,90摄氏度加热回流36h,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥,得到粉白色固体(产率79%)。
实施例3
2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐的合成(X=Y=C(CH 3) 2)
取100g5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g乙腈,加入150g硫酸酯R4或R5的卤代物,在氮气气氛下,80摄氏度加热回流26h,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥,得到粉白色固体(产率79%)。
其中,R4或R5所表示的结构请参照前述实施例,R4或R5的卤代物可以为CH 2Cl、CH 2CH 2Cl、CHClC 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nCl、CH 2C 6H 4Cl、CH 2Br、CH 2CH 2Br、CHBrC 6H 5、CHBrC 6H 4F、(CH 2) nBr、CH 2C 6H 4Br、CH 2I、CH 2CH 2I、CHIC 6H 5、CHIC 6H 4F、(CH 2) nI或CH 2C 6H 4I等来替代。
实施例4
2-甲基苯并噁唑季铵盐的合成(X,Y=O,S,NR6)
取100g2-甲基苯并噁唑置于反应高压釜中,加入300g硫酸酯,在氮气气氛无溶剂加热至148摄氏度,反应18小时,冷却至室温,取出生成的固体产物,利用乙醚,正己烷洗涤,在丙酮中进行重结晶获得白色至粉红色固体粉末(产率约80%)。
其中,硫酸酯可以用实施例3列举的R4或R5的卤代物及对甲苯磺酸酯替代。
实施例5
2-甲基苯并噻唑季铵盐的合成(X,Y=O,S,NR6)
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑/1-N-R6基团-2-甲基苯并咪唑置于反应高压釜中,加入300gR4对甲苯磺酸酯,在氮气气氛无溶剂加热至150摄氏度,反应16小时,冷却至室温,取出生成的固体产物,利用乙醚,正己烷洗涤,在丙酮中进行重结晶获得白色至粉红色固体粉末(产率约50%)。
其中,对甲苯磺酸酯可以用实施例3列举的R4或R5的卤代物及硫酸酯替代。
实施例6
1-N-R6基团-2-甲基苯并咪唑季铵盐的合成(X,Y=O,S,NR6)
取100g1-N-R6基团-2-甲基苯并咪唑置于反应高压釜中,加入300g硫酸酯,在氮气气氛无溶剂加热至160摄氏度,反应18小时,冷却至室温,取出生成的固体产物,利用乙醚,正己烷洗涤,在丙酮中进行重结晶获得白色至粉红色固体粉末(产率约70%)。
其中,硫酸酯可以用实施例3列举的R4或R5的卤代物及对甲苯磺酸酯替代。
实施例7
N-乙基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐的合成
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,加入150g碘乙烷,在氮气气氛,90摄氏度加热回流16小时,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥得到粉红色至白色固体(产率90%)。
实施例8
苯并吲哚啉季铵盐的合成
取100g苯并吲哚啉溶于200g邻二氯苯,加入150g碘乙烷,在氮气气氛,110摄氏度加热回流15小时,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥得到粉红色至白色固体(产率90%)。
其中,苯并吲哚啉可以用2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉替代。
实施例9
苯并吲哚啉季铵盐的合成
取100g5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,加入100g碘乙烷,在氮气气氛,110摄氏度加热回流6小时,冷却至室温,加入正己烷洗涤,过滤,干燥得到粉红色至白色固体(产率90%)。
其中,5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代。
实施例10
N-苄基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,向其中加入200g苄溴,在氮气气氛,120摄氏度加热回流8小时,冷却至室温,加入正己烷洗涤固体,过滤,干燥得到粉红色固体,产率75%。
其中,2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代。
实施例11
N-磺酸丁基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉200g邻二氯苯,加入200g磺酸丁内酯,在氮气气氛,100摄氏度加热回流7小时,冷却至室温,加入乙醚/丙酮,洗涤,过滤,干燥得到灰白色固体,产率86%。
其中,2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代。
实施例12
N-正戊基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,加入300g溴戊烷,50g碘化钾作为催化剂,在氮气气氛,100摄氏度加热回流18小时,冷却至室温,加入乙醚洗涤固体后过滤,干燥得到红色粘稠固体,产率62%。
其中,2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代,甲苯可以用邻二氯苯代替,乙醚可以用丙酮代替。
实施例13
N-萘甲基-2,3,3-三甲基-5-甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-5-甲基-3H-吲哚啉200g溶于甲苯,加入400g萘甲基氯,加入40g碘化钾作为催化剂,在氮气气氛,150摄氏度加热回流17小时后,冷却至室温,加入丙酮洗涤,过滤,干燥得到红色至灰白色固体,产率51%。
其中,2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代,丙酮可以用乙醚代替。
实施例14
N-萘甲基-2,3,3-三甲基-5-磺酸基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐
取100g2,3,3-三甲基-5-磺酸基-3H-吲哚啉溶于200g甲苯,加入400g萘甲基氯,加入40g碘化钾作为催化剂,在氮气气氛160摄氏度加热回流17小时后,冷却至室温,加入丙酮洗涤,过滤,干燥得到红色至灰白色固体,产率51%。
其中,2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉可以用5-取代-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉或苯并吲哚啉替代,丙酮可以用乙醚代替。
实施例15
N-乙基-2-甲基苯并噻唑季铵盐
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑置于25mL高压釜中,加入250g碘乙烷,在氮气气 氛,160摄氏度下无溶剂反应10小时,冷却至室温,加入100g丙酮,重结晶2h后加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥得到粉红色至白色固体,产率87%。
其中,2-甲基苯并噻唑可以用2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑代替,乙醚可以用丙酮代替。
实施例16
N-苄基-2-甲基苯并噻唑季铵盐
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑置于25mL高压釜中,加入250g苄基溴,在氮气气氛,160摄氏度下无溶剂反应4小时,冷却至室温,加入200g丙酮,重结晶2h后加入乙醚洗涤固体后过滤,干燥得到粉红色至白色固体,产率63%。
其中,2-甲基苯并噻唑可以用2-甲基苯并噁唑、N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑代替,乙醚可以用丙酮代替。
实施例17
N-磺酸丁基-2-甲基苯并噻唑季铵盐
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑置于25mL高压釜中,加入150g磺酸丁内酯,在氮气气氛,160摄氏度下无溶剂反应13小时,冷却至室温,加入丙酮,重结晶1h后加入乙醚洗涤固体后过滤,干燥得到白色固体,产率约86%。
其中,2-甲基苯并噻唑可以用2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑代替,乙醚可以用丙酮或正己烷代替。
实施例18
N-正戊基-2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑季铵盐
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑置于25mL高压釜中,向其中加入300g5-溴戊烷,在氮气气氛,160摄氏度下无溶剂反应12小时,冷却至室温,加入200g丙酮,重结晶3h后加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥得到白色至粉红色固体,产率约46%。
其中,2-甲基苯并噻唑可以用2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑代替,乙醚可以用丙酮或正己烷代替。
实施例19
N-萘甲基-2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑季铵盐
取100g2-甲基苯并噻唑置于25mL高压釜中,加入300g萘甲基氯,在氮气气氛,160摄氏度下无溶剂反应12小时,冷却至室温,加入丙酮,重结晶1.5h后加入乙醚洗涤,过滤,干燥得到白色至粉红色固体,产率约55%。
其中,2-甲基苯并噻唑可以用2-甲基苯并噁唑或N-乙基-2甲基苯并咪唑代替,乙醚可以用丙酮或正己烷代替。
2、缩合剂的制备
实施例20
取100g甘油溶于甲苯中,加入300g苯甲醛、10g对甲苯磺酸,连接分水器后在50~60摄氏度下加热回流6-10小时,直到分水器中不再有水生成,停止加热,冷却后使用NaH水溶液洗涤反应混合物除掉未反应的甘油、苯甲醛及对甲苯磺酸,分液收集有机相,使用无水Na2SO4干燥,旋转蒸发除掉有机溶剂后得到乳白色膏状物即为2-羟基-1,3-丙二醇苯甲醛缩醛。
实施例21
2-烷氧基(或2-苄氧基)1,3-丙二醛缩合剂的制备
取100g实施例20制备得到的缩醛加入到200g无水四氢呋喃溶剂中,在冰水浴条件下,加入20gNaH粉末,搅拌1小时,向其中逐滴滴加炔丙基溴,继续冰水浴搅拌10h,除去溶剂,进行快速分离纯化,将得到的2-烷氧基-1,3-丙二醇进行PCC或琼斯试剂氧化,使其将羟基氧化成醛基,柱分离纯化得到浅黄色的2-烷氧基取代的1,3-丙二醛缩合剂。
其中,炔丙基溴可以用磺酸丁内酯、炔丙氧乙氧基溴、苄溴、4-硝基苄溴、硫酸酯或对甲苯磺酸酯代替。
实施例22
2-苯氧-1,3-丙二醛缩合剂的制备
1)、取100g实施例20制备得到的缩醛加入到300g无水二氯甲烷中,在冰水浴条件下,加入过量的20g三乙胺,搅拌15分钟,继续冰水浴搅拌10h,除去溶剂,进行快速分离纯化,将得到的2-烷氧基-1,3-丙二醇缩醛,并置于400g无水乙腈中制得溶液。
2)、加入100g4-甲基苯酚和20g无水碳酸钾,在冰水浴中反应0.5h,加入步骤1制得的溶液反应1h,分离纯化得到2-苯氧基或萘氧基-1,3-丙二醇缩醛,并用PCC或琼斯试剂氧化,使其将1,3-二羟基氧化成醛基,采用柱分离纯化得到浅黄色的2-苯氧基取代的1,3-丙二醛缩合剂。
其中,二氯甲烷可以用无水氯仿代替,三乙胺可以与DIPEA代替,无水乙腈可以与/DMF代替,4-甲基苯酚可以用4-硝基苯酚、4-氯苯酚、1-萘酚或2-萘酚代替,无水碳酸钾可以用无水碳酸钠或氢氧化钠代替,
3、对称五甲川菁染料的合成
实施例23
2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉类对称五甲川菁染料的合成
取实施例22和23中制备得到的缩合剂100g置于干燥的100g乙醇或异丙醇中,加入实施例1~19制得的季铵盐及100g无水吡啶,在氮气保护,50摄氏度下加热回流,直到溶液变成深蓝色,停止加热冷却至室温后,真空蒸发溶剂,洗涤无水乙醚与正己烷混合溶剂残余物,并进行柱色谱层析分离纯化得到蓝色固体染料,产率在30-60%。
实施例24
2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-甲基苯并噁唑及N-乙基-2-甲基苯并咪唑类对称五甲川菁染料的合成
取实施例22和23中制备得到的缩合剂100g置于干燥乙醇或异丙醇中,加入220~250g实施例1~19制得的季铵盐及100g的无水吡啶作为碱,氮气保护50摄氏度下加热回流,直到溶液变成深蓝色,停止加热冷却至室温后,真空蒸 发溶剂后,无水乙醚混合溶剂洗涤残余物后,进行柱色谱层析分离纯化得到相应的蓝色固体染料粉末,产率在15-55%。
其中,无水乙醚可以用正己烷代替。
3、不对称五甲川菁染料的合成
实施例25
2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉类不对称五甲川菁染料的合成(X≠Y,或者R2-R5各不相同)
取实施例21~22中制备得到的缩合剂600g置于300g干燥乙醇或异丙醇中,加入100g实施例1~3制备得到的2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐,100g的无水吡啶,在氮气气氛下,加热50摄氏度回流直到反应结束,反应混合物呈黄绿色,旋转蒸发除掉溶剂,柱色谱分离获得反应中间体产物后,获得黄色中间体,再次溶于300g无水异丙醇中,加入100g吡啶,再加入300g实施例1~3制备得到的2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐,继续加热直到原料全部消耗,冷却至室温后,真空下蒸发溶剂,柱色谱分离纯化得到相应蓝色固体,产率为53%。
其中,乙醇可以用异丙醇代替。
实施例26
2-甲基苯并噻唑类不对称五甲川菁染料的合成(X≠Y,或者R2-R5各不相同)
取实施例21~22中制备得到的缩合剂500g置于300g干燥乙醇中,加入100g实施例4~9制备得到的季铵盐,加入100g无水吡啶,在50摄氏度下加热回流直到反应完,反应混合物呈黄绿色,旋转蒸发除掉溶剂,柱色谱分离获得反应中间体产物后,获得黄色中间体,再次溶于100g无水异丙醇中,加入吡啶后,再加入100g实施例4~9制备的季铵盐继续加热直到原料全部消耗,冷却至室温后,真空下蒸发溶剂,柱色谱分离纯化得到相应蓝色固体,产率为36%。
其中,乙醇可以用异丙醇代替。
5、染料的生物荧光成像检测
1)、染料母液的制备
称取1mol实施例18~19制备得到的染料置于茶色玻璃瓶中,加入100mL的HPLC的DMSO溶剂,混合均匀,得到1mM的染料母液。
2)、将活细胞MCF-7、巨噬细胞RAW-7,斑马鱼胚胎细胞及HeLa细胞种植于活细胞培养皿中,48小时后,更换培养基,并将1)中制备的染料母液加入到培养皿中,使得染料的最终浓度为1uM,并置于三十七度下培养10min,倒掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,置于激光共聚焦显微镜载物台上,选取激发波长为633nm,发射波长为645nm的长通滤光片,进行观测,如图5(a)~图5(d),图5(a)~图5(d)分别示出了活细胞MCF-7,巨噬细胞RAW-7,斑马鱼胚胎细胞及HeLa细胞共聚焦荧光成像测试图。由图5(a)~图5(d)可知,该染料可以进入欧细胞中,并且在细胞内有不同的选择性,可以应用于活细胞荧光染料的应用中。
6、STORM超分辨成像检测
按照5中的方法将实施例18~19配置成1mM母液,并加入水稀释到没有分子聚集的浓度,使用匀胶机将母液均匀涂抹在盖玻片,并将盖玻片置于STORM超分辨显微成像系统中,利用波长为633nm的激光下连续照射,并在显微镜下观察其光致闪烁,染料具有很好的光致闪烁发光,将其进一步与活细胞进行培养,加入氧化还原酶进行活细胞STORM超分辨成像检测,如图6所示,图6为STOM超分辨成像检测图,由图6可知染料在活细胞中有很明显的闪烁现象。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种五甲川菁染料,其特征在于,所述五甲川菁染料具有如下通式I的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2018071901-appb-100001
    其中,X和Y为O、S、C(CH 3) 2或NR 6,R 1为(CH 2) nR 7或(CH 2) mC 6H 4R 7,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,m和n均为1~18的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的五甲川菁染料,其特征在于,R 6为(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8,R 7为H、乙炔基、乙烯基、苯基、萘基、咪唑、吡唑、噁唑、噻唑、呋喃、吡咯杂环、C 6H 4R 9、苯硼酸醇酯、炔丙基、叶酸、氨甲喋呤、RGD、Biotin、SO 3R 10或COOR 11中的任意一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的五甲川菁染料,其特征在于,R 8为H、SO 3R 10或COOR 11中的任意一种,。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的五甲川菁染料,其特征在于,R 10为N(R 12R 13R 14R 15),R 11为C 1-18烷基,R 12、R 13、R 14和R 15分别为H、C 1-18烷基、(CH 2) mOR 8或(CHR 9CH 2O) pR 8中的任意一种,p为0~18的整数。
  5. 根据权利要求2或4所述的五甲川菁染料,其特征在于,R 9为H、胂酸、硼酸、羧酸、磺酸、C 1-18烷基、氨基、氧或硫中的任意一种。
  6. 一种五甲川菁染料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    按质量比1:2~2.5:0.05~0.2取甘油、苯甲醛衍生物与甲苯衍生物混合,并在50~60摄氏度的条件下加热回流6~10h,除去生成的水,冷却,并将反应体系加 入到碱液中洗涤,萃取、干燥,除去溶剂,得到膏状固体状的中间体I;
    按质量比1:1~4取中间体I和溶剂混合,在冷水浴中加入碱性物质,加入反应物,分离,纯化,得到中间体II,在酸性条件下进行缩醛反应,得到缩合剂;
    按照质量比1:1~4将包含取代基2,3,3-三甲基-5-R2(R3)-3H的吲哚林、苯并吲哚类、苯并噻错、苯并噁唑或苯并咪唑与化学式为R4(R5)CH2Z的物质在80~148摄氏度的条件下反应6~36h,得到季铵盐,
    其中,Z为卤素或OTS,R 2和R 3分别为H、卤素、(CH 2) nR 8、CH 2C 6H 4R 8、SO 3H、SO 3 -、OCH 3、SCH 3、苄氧基团、NO 2、O(CH 2) nR 8、OCH 2C 6H 4R 8或CN中的任意一种,R 4和R 5分别为CH 3、CH 2CH 3、CH 2C 6H 5、CH 2C 6H 4F、(CH 2) nR 8或CH 2C 6H 4R 8中的任一种其中,m和n均为1~18的整数;
    按照质量比1:0.8~2:2~3:0.8~1.2将缩合剂、醇类,季铵盐、无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下、50~60摄氏度加热回流6~13小时,除去溶剂,洗涤,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述缩合剂的合成方法还包括:
    按质量比1:1~3取中间体I与四氢呋喃混合,在冷水浴中加入碱性物质,反应0.5~1h,加入反应物,反应完成后,除去溶剂,分离,纯化得到中间体IIn,在酸性条件下,利用氧化剂对中间体IIn分解缩醛,得到缩合剂;
    其中,碱性物质与中间体I的质量比为1:0.1~0.3,反应物为炔丙基溴、磺酸丁内酯、炔丙氧乙氧基溴、苄溴、4-硝基苄溴、硫酸酯、对甲苯磺酸酯中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述缩合剂的合成方法还包括:
    按照质量比1:2~4将中间体I与溶剂混合,在冰浴条件下,按照中间体I和有机碱的质量比为1:0.1~0.3加入有机碱,反应1~2h,分离,纯化,将得到的物质与无水乙腈或DMF反应1~2h,加入酚类衍生物和碱性物质,反应2~3h,除去溶 剂,水洗,分离,纯化,得到中间体IIn,在酸性条件下,利用氧化剂对中间体IIn分解缩醛,得到缩合剂,
    其中,所述乙腈或DMF的加入量与所述得到的物质的质量比为3~5:1,所述酚类衍生物、碱性物质的加入量分别为中间体I的质量的0.9~1.1倍,0.1~0.3倍。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述五甲川菁染料的制备方法还包括:
    按照质量比1:0.8~2:2~3:0.8~1.2将缩合剂、醇类,季铵盐、无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下、50~60摄氏度加热回流6~13小时,除去溶剂,洗涤,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述五甲川菁染料的制备方法还包括:
    按照质量比6:2~4:0.8~2:0.8~1.2将缩合剂、醇类、季铵盐和无水吡啶混合,在氮气气氛下,50~60摄氏度加热回流,直至溶液变为黄绿色,除去溶剂,分离,纯化得到黄色中间体;
    将黄色中间体溶于异丙醇中,分别按照反应体系重量的0.1~0.3倍无水吡啶和0.1~0.2倍的季铵盐在50~60摄氏度加热5~6h,冷却至室温,除去溶剂,分离,纯化,得到五甲川菁染料。
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