WO2019128487A1 - 一种提高家禽类生长和免疫力的蝉花饲料 - Google Patents

一种提高家禽类生长和免疫力的蝉花饲料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128487A1
WO2019128487A1 PCT/CN2018/114568 CN2018114568W WO2019128487A1 WO 2019128487 A1 WO2019128487 A1 WO 2019128487A1 CN 2018114568 W CN2018114568 W CN 2018114568W WO 2019128487 A1 WO2019128487 A1 WO 2019128487A1
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Prior art keywords
feed
flower
sassafras
total weight
poultry
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PCT/CN2018/114568
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫文娟
刘艳菊
吴云
孙长胜
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浙江泛亚生物医药股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201880014894.6A priority Critical patent/CN111601513A/zh
Publication of WO2019128487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128487A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new feed material for the growth of flowers and immunity of poultry, belonging to the field of feed.
  • Chicken is an indispensable ingredient in life.
  • large-scale breeding also brings many problems.
  • the large increase in the use of antibiotics and vaccines in broiler feeds the abuse of chemical drugs in the process of illegal farming, has brought irreversible harm to human health.
  • the survival rate of the broiler chickens is low, and the survival rate is not strong, which seriously affects the overall benefits.
  • the requirements for ingredients and taste of ingredients are getting higher and higher.
  • there are many varieties of feed in the market in China but most of the nutrition is relatively simple and cannot meet the requirements at the current stage. Therefore, there is a need for a healthy raw material that can be developed into feed, improve meat quality, reduce harm to human health, and reduce the use of antibiotics and chemical drugs in the breeding process.
  • Isaria cicadae Miquel a Cordyceps family
  • the product of the sassafras produced during the cultivation of sassafras contains not only the cordycepic acid, adenosine, HEA, etc., which are unique to the cockroach, but also rich in trace elements, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients.
  • the broiler feed produced by adding sorghum fungus can not only improve the micro-ecological balance of the intestinal tract of the animal, promote intestinal development, enhance the metabolism of fat, protein and minerals in the intestinal tract, and reduce the diarrhea of the animal. At the same time, it can enhance the immunity of broilers throughout the growth cycle and improve their survival rate. In addition, there is a significant improvement in chicken meat quality, flavor and nutrition.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new feed material for improving the growth performance and immunity of poultry.
  • the feed is added to the basic feed, and the fed poultry is green, safe, pollution-free, delicious and nutritious. balanced.
  • a feed for improving the growth and immunity of poultry including basal feed and sassafras.
  • the percentage of the total weight of the flower is not less than 0.1%; preferably, the percentage of the total weight of the flower is not less than 1%; further preferably, the percentage of the total weight of the flower is not Less than 3%.
  • the percentage of the total weight of the flower is 3% to 12%; more preferably, the percentage of the flower is 4% to 10% of the total weight of the feed; most preferably, the cockroach The percentage of flowers to the total weight of the feed is 4% to 8%.
  • the sassafras may be various parts such as scorpion flower body, mycelium, spore powder, etc., or may be a scented flower medium, or may be an extract of sassafras, such as an aqueous extract or an ethanol extract.
  • the sassafras medium refers to a medium remaining after the culture is harvested during the scorpion culture; the medium includes a liquid medium and a solid medium (salmon);
  • the artificial culture process of the scented flower includes liquid culture and solid culture, and the sclerotium species is expanded by liquid culture after inoculation, and the cultured liquid medium contains active ingredients such as cordycepic acid, adenosine, polysaccharide, etc.; the liquid medium includes : white sugar, soy hydrolyzed protein, yeast extract, and the like.
  • the expanded cultured seed is inoculated onto a solid medium.
  • the solid medium is decomposed and transformed, and the medium is covered with a large amount of hyphae, and the mycelium forms a rich biological active substance, and the active substance is simultaneously It is secreted into the culture medium, so that the solid medium is rich in unique nutrients such as trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, etc., and the part of the scented flower medium which is transformed and transformed is the scented scent.
  • the solid medium used in the solid culture stage is any one or several of wheat, corn, rice, millet, buckwheat, barley, oat, brown rice, glutinous rice or bran, soybean hull, cotton husk Any one or several kinds of crop hulls as the main raw material. Wheat medium is preferred.
  • the silk flower is a solid medium remaining after harvesting the fruit body, that is, sassafras.
  • the percentage of sassafras in the total weight of the feed is 3% to 12%.
  • the percentage of sassafras in the total weight of the feed is 4% to 10%;
  • the percentage of sassafras in the total weight of the feed is 4% to 8%;
  • the percentage of sassafras is 5% of the total weight of the feed.
  • the water content of the sclerotium is 3 to 10%; preferably, the water content of the sclerotin is 4 to 8%; most preferably, the water content of the sclerotin is 6 %.
  • the ellagic acid has an adenosine content of 0.02% to 0.04% and a mannitol content of 1% to 2%.
  • the sassafras is homogenized and pulverized to a sieve of 100 to 300 mesh.
  • the base feed comprises an energy feed, a protein feed, and an additive premix
  • the energy feed is a feed in which the dry matter refers to a crude fiber content of less than 18% and the crude protein is less than 20%.
  • Commonly used energy feeds include corn, wheat, barley, brewer's yeast, brown rice, rice, sorghum, oats, rye, grain, millet, and the like.
  • the protein feed refers to a feed having a natural moisture content of less than 45%, a crude fiber content of less than 18% in dry matter, and a crude protein content of dry matter of 20% or more.
  • Commonly used protein feeds are beans, cakes, fish meal, and the like.
  • the additive premix is an intermediate formed by uniformly mixing one or more components (various vitamins, trace mineral elements, synthetic amino acids, certain pharmaceutical additives, and the like) with a release agent or carrier.
  • the invention preferably has no anti-additive additive premix, that is, a premix without antibiotics, and the components thereof include VA, VD 3 , VE, VK 3 , VB 1 , VB 2 , VB 6 , biotin, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, Folic acid, methionine, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, phytase, and the like.
  • the anti-adhesive premix can be purchased directly from the market.
  • the composition of the basic feed is: 60% to 75% of energy feed, 20% to 35% of protein feed, and 2% to 7% of anti-additive premix;
  • composition of the basic feed is: 65% to 70% of energy feed, 26% to 32% of protein feed, and 3% to 6% of anti-additive premix;
  • composition of the basic feed is: energy feed 65%, protein feed 32%, no anti-additive premix 3%;
  • composition of the basic feed is: 71% of energy feed, 26% of protein feed, and 3% of anti-additive premix.
  • the feed prepared by the invention is suitable for poultry animals such as chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and quails.
  • Amaranth is rich in adenosine, cordyceps polysaccharide, cordycepic acid (mannitol), cordycepin, uracil, sterol, alkaloids, vitamins, inorganic salts, mineral elements and other ingredients.
  • Lycium sinensis is a by-product of the production of scorpion scorpion, which contains a large number of hyphae of sclerotium, so it is rich in the active constituents of cordycepin, cordycepic acid and adenosine, and the flower or its medium is used as a feed additive. , is an excellent substance to improve the immunity of the organism.
  • Alfalfa is effective in improving the non-specific immunity of poultry.
  • the whole growth cycle of poultry can reduce the use of antibiotics and drugs, improve the survival rate of poultry and reduce the harm to human health.
  • scented fungus can not only improve the non-specific immunity of poultry, but also improve the meat quality and taste.
  • the wheat and water are uniformly mixed and sterilized in a ratio of 1:1.5; the expanded cultivar is inoculated and cultured to obtain a fruiting body; the remaining solid culture residue after harvesting the fruiting body is the fungus . Sterilization at 126 ° C for 45 min.
  • Example 1 The components of the sclerotin used in Example 1 were examined, and the content of the adenosine as an indicator component of scutellaria was 0.02% to 0.04%, and the content of mannitol was 1% to 2%.
  • the barley and water are uniformly mixed and sterilized in a ratio of 1:1.5; the expanded cultivar is inoculated and cultured to obtain a fruiting body; the remaining solid culture residue after harvesting the fruiting body is the fungus . Sterilization at 126 ° C for 45 min.
  • the buckwheat and water are uniformly mixed and sterilized in a ratio of 1:1.5; the expanded cultivar is inoculated and cultured to obtain a fruiting body; the remaining solid culture residue after harvesting the fruiting body is a fungus . Sterilization at 126 ° C for 45 min.
  • the components of the sclerotin used in Examples 1 to 3 were examined, and the content of the adenosine of the scutellaria granules was 0.02% to 0.04%, and the content of mannitol was 1% to 2%.
  • the detection methods are based on the analysis of amino acid composition and inosinic acid content in black-bone chicken meat [J], Cui Li et al., Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 37(1): 90-92; Chinese herbal medicine Effects of additives on growth performance, meat quality traits and blood parameters of chickens under the forest [D], Jiang He, Yanbian University, 2015.
  • leg muscle quality test showed that the loss of dripping water from 2.67% to 6.67% of the geranium was significantly lower than that of the control group at 42 days (P ⁇ 0.05), and it was linear and quadrupled with the increase of sclerotin. Change (once and twice, P ⁇ 0.05)
  • the content of the material supplied per kilogram of compound feed from 22 to 42d premix is as follows: vitamin A, 7.5 ⁇ 10KIU; vitamin D3, 2.6 ⁇ 5KIU; vitamin E, 19.00IU; vitamin K3, 1.90mg; vitamin B1, 1.40mg; vitamin B2, 5.70mg; vitamin B6, 2.80mg; vitamin B12, 11.00ug; niacin, 19.00mg; pantothenic acid, 11.40mg; folic acid, 0.28mg; biotin, 75.00ug; iron, 250mg; copper, 22.5mg; 100 mg; manganese, 150 mg; iodine, 1.25 mg; selenium, 0.4 mg.
  • the average daily gain (ADG) of the 4% to 8% scutellaria group in the diet was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ⁇ 0.05).
  • the appropriate addition amount of AA broiler evaluated by the quadratic curve model is 60 g/kg.
  • the shearing power of the 2.67-5.33% sclerotium group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ⁇ 0.05), and the diet added 2.67-6.67% sclerotin group drip loss.
  • the appropriate addition amount of AA broiler evaluated by the quadratic curve model was 53.3 g/kg.
  • Example 6 Composition without anti-additive premix
  • Example 7 Composition without anti-additive premix
  • the value in the formula is the amount of feed per kg of feed.
  • a sassafras feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sputum fungus accounts for 5% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 300 mesh, and the succulent Water content is 10% (moisture determination using a rapid moisture analyzer);
  • the formula of the basic feed is: the composition of the chicken before 45 days of age: corn 65%, soybean meal 32%, no anti-additive premix 3%, daily feed intake is about 10% of body weight.
  • the scutellaria and the basic feed are mixed and granulated, and are packaged and then kept for feeding by the broiler.
  • Example 1 sassafras was prepared as in Example 1, and no anti-additive premix was prepared as in Example 6.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a sclerotium, the percentage of the sorghum fungus to the total weight of the feed is 7%; the pulverized particle size of the sclerotium is 300 mesh, The water content of the flower fungus is 6%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sputum fungus accounts for 9% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 300 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 3%;
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sucrose fungus accounts for 10% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 300 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 5%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sassafras is 12% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 300 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 8%;
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a sclerotium, the percentage of sorghum fungus as a percentage of the total weight of the feed is 7%; the pulverized particle size of the sclerotium is 200 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 6%;
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a sorghum fungus, the percentage of the total weight of the sassafras is 9%; the pulverized particle size of the sclerotium is 200 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 3%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sorghum fungus accounts for 12% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 200 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 8%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scent of sassafras, the percentage of sassafras is 5% of the total weight of the feed; and the pulverized particle size of sorghum is 100 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 10%;
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a sclerotium, the percentage of the sorghum fungus as a percentage of the total weight of the feed is 7%; the pulverized particle size of the sclerotium is 100 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 6%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sassafras is 10% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 100 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 5%;
  • a succulent broiler feed wherein the feed comprises a basal feed and a scented scent, the sassafras is 12% of the total weight of the feed; the smashed sorghum has a pulverized particle size of 100 mesh, ⁇ The water content of the flower fungus is 8%;
  • the formulation of the base feed was the same as in Example 8.
  • Example 8-22 Any broiler broiler feed, wherein the basal feed is replaced by: 45-day-old chick formula: corn 60%, cotton aphid 35%, anti-additive premix 5%, daily feed The amount is about 10% of body weight.
  • Example 2 the geranium was prepared as in Example 2, and the anti-additive premix was prepared as in Example 7.
  • Example 8-22 Any broiler broiler feed, wherein the basal feed is replaced by: 45-day-old chick formula: corn 62%, soybean meal 33%, no anti-additive premix 5%, daily feed intake It is about 10% of body weight. After 45 days of age, the composition of broiler chickens: 72% corn, 23% soybean meal, 5% anti-additive premix, and daily feed intake is about 6% of body weight.
  • the geranium was prepared according to Example 3, and the anti-additive premix was purchased from Zhejiang Weimeng Feed Technology Co., Ltd.

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Abstract

一种提高家禽类生长和免疫的蝉花饲料，包括基础饲料和蝉花，蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于0.1％。还涉及蝉花或蝉花菌质在制备具有提高家禽类生长和免疫的饲料中的应用。蝉花添加到饲料中，可以显著改善鸡肉的风味及嫩度。

Description

一种提高家禽类生长和免疫力的蝉花饲料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高家禽类生长和免疫力的蝉花新饲料原料，属于饲料领域。
背景技术
鸡肉是生活中不可缺少的常见的食材，随着市场对鸡肉需求量的增加，大规模的饲养也带来了很多问题。肉鸡饲料中大量的增加抗生素及疫苗的使用，不法商家养殖过程中化学药物的滥用，都给人类的健康带来了不可逆的危害。而对于养殖户来说，由于肉鸡的免疫力低下、应急能力不强所导致的存活率下降，严重影响了整体的效益。随着人们生活水平的提高，对食材在营养成分及口感上的要求也越来越高。现我国市场中的饲料，品种虽较多，但大多数营养较单一，无法满足现阶段的要求。因此，需要一种可开发为饲料的健康原料，改善肉质，降低对人类健康的危害，减少在养殖过程中抗生素、化学药物的使用。
蝉花(Isaria cicadae Miquel)，属虫草科，是蝉棒束孢菌侵染蝉若幼虫后所形成的一种虫生真菌，类似于冬虫夏草，两者所含生物活性物质和营养素也极尽相同。在蝉花的培养过程中产生的产物蝉花菌质，不仅含有蝉花虫草类特有的虫草酸、腺苷、HEA等，还富含微量元素、氨基酸、维生素等营养成分。以添加蝉花菌质所生产的肉鸡饲料，不仅可改善动物肠道的微生态平衡，促进肠道发育，增强肠道内脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质代谢，降低动物的腹泻。同时可增强肉鸡在整个生长周期的免疫力，提高其存活率。另外，对于鸡肉肉质、风味和营养有显著改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提高家禽类生长性能和免疫能力的新饲料原料，所述饲料是在基础饲料中加入蝉花，喂养后的家禽绿色、安全、无公害，味道鲜美、营养丰富且均衡。
一种提高家禽类生长和免疫的饲料，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花。
所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于0.1％；优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于1％；进一步优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于3％。
进一步优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比为3％～12％；更进一步优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比为4％～10％；最优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比为4％～8％。
其中，所述蝉花可以是蝉花子实体、菌丝体、孢子粉等各个部位，也可以是蝉花培养基，还可以是蝉花的提取物，如水提取物或乙醇提取物。
所述蝉花培养基是指蝉花培养过程中采收培养物后剩余的培养基；所述培养基包括液体培养基和固体培养基(蝉花菌质)；
蝉花的人工培养过程包括液体培养和固体培养，蝉花菌种接种后先经过液体培养进行扩大，培养后的液体培养基含有虫草酸、腺苷、多糖等活性成分；所述液体培养基包括：白砂糖、大豆水解蛋白、酵母抽提物等。
将扩大培养后的菌种接种到固体培养基上，在固体培养阶段，固体培养基被分解转化，培养基中布满大量的菌丝，菌丝体内形成丰富的生物活性物质，同时将活性物质分泌到培养基中，使得固体培养基中富含微量元素、氨基酸、维生素等独特的营养成分，这种由分解转化后的蝉花培养基部分即为蝉花菌质。其中，所述固体培养阶段所用的固体培养基为以小麦、玉米、大米、小米、荞麦、大麦、燕麦、糙米、粳米中的任意一种或几种谷物或麸皮、大豆皮、棉籽壳中的任意一种或几种农作物皮壳为主要原料的培养基。优选小麦培养基。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述蝉花为采收子实体后剩余的固体培养基，即蝉花菌质。
优选的，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为3％～12％。
进一步优选的，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为4％～10％；
更进一步优选的，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为4％～8％；
最优选的，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为5％。
其中，所述蝉花菌质的含水量为3～10％；优选的，所述蝉花菌质的含水 量为4～8％；最优选的，所述蝉花菌质的含水量为6％。
优选的，所述蝉花菌质的腺苷含量为0.02％～0.04％，甘露醇的含量为1％～2％。
优选的，所述蝉花均质粉碎至100～300目筛。
在具体的实施方式中，所述基础饲料包括能量饲料、蛋白饲料和添加剂预混料；
所述能量饲料是干物质中指粗纤维含量低于18％，粗蛋白低于20％的饲料。常用的能量饲料有玉米、小麦、大麦、啤酒酵母、糙米、稻谷、高粱、燕麦、黑麦、谷、粟等。
所述蛋白饲料是指自然含水率低于45％、干物质中粗纤维又低于18％、而干物质粗蛋白质含量达到或超过20％的饲料。常用的蛋白饲料有豆类、饼粕类、鱼粉等。
所述添加剂预混料是将一种或多种为两组分(各种维生素、微量矿物元素、合成氨基酸、某些药物等饲料添加剂)与释放剂或载体按要求配比均匀混合构成的中间型产品。本发明优选无抗添加剂预混料，即不添加抗生素的预混料，其成分包括VA、VD 3、VE、VK 3、VB 1、VB 2、VB 6、生物素、烟酰胺、泛酸钙、叶酸、蛋氨酸、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、碘酸钙、亚硒酸钠、碳酸钙、氯化钠、植酸酶等。所述无抗添加剂预混料可直接从市场购买。
优选的，所述基础饲料的组成为：能量饲料60％～75％、蛋白饲料20％～35％，无抗添加剂预混料2％～7％；
进一步优选的，所述基础饲料的组成为：能量饲料65％～70％、蛋白饲料26％～32％，无抗添加剂预混料3％～6％；
更进一步优选的，所述基础饲料的组成为：能量饲料65％、蛋白饲料32％，无抗添加剂预混料3％；
或，所述基础饲料的组成为：能量饲料71％、蛋白饲料26％，无抗添加剂预混料3％。
本发明制备的饲料适用于鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑等家禽类动物。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、蝉花富含腺苷、虫草多糖、虫草酸(甘露醇)、虫草素、尿嘧啶、甾醇、生物碱、维生素、无机盐、矿物质元素等多种成分。蝉花菌质是生产蝉花子实体的副产物，其中含有大量的蝉花菌的菌丝，因此其富含虫草素、虫草酸以及腺苷的有效成分，将蝉花或其培养基作为饲料添加剂，是一种极佳的提高生物体免疫力的物质。
2、蝉花菌质有效提高家可禽的非特异免疫力，在家禽的整个生长周期，可减少抗生素和药物的使用，提高家禽的存活率的同时降低了对人体健康的危害。
3、蝉花菌质不仅可以提高家禽的非特异免疫力，还可以改善肉品质和口感风味。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明做更进一步的详细说明。下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品。
下面是本发明涉及和/或所述的蝉花菌种目录。
Figure PCTCN2018114568-appb-000001
实施例1 菌质的制备及处理
小麦和水按1：1.5的比例混合均匀，灭菌；接种经扩大培养的蝉花菌种，经过固体培养，得到子实体；对子实体进行采收后剩余的固体培养残基即为 菌质。126℃高温灭菌45min。
对实施例1所用蝉花菌质的成分进行检测得出，蝉花菌质的指标性成分腺苷的含量为0.02％～0.04％，甘露醇的含量为1％～2％。
实施例2 菌质的制备及处理
大麦和水按1：1.5的比例混合均匀，灭菌；接种经扩大培养的蝉花菌种，经过固体培养，得到子实体；对子实体进行采收后剩余的固体培养残基即为菌质。126℃高温灭菌45min。
实施例3 菌质的制备及处理
荞麦和水按1：1.5的比例混合均匀，灭菌；接种经扩大培养的蝉花菌种，经过固体培养，得到子实体；对子实体进行采收后剩余的固体培养残基即为菌质。126℃高温灭菌45min。
对实施例1～3所用蝉花菌质的成分进行检测得出，蝉花菌质的指标性成分腺苷的含量为0.02％～0.04％，甘露醇的含量为1％～2％。
实施例4
取实施例1蝉花菌质，加入到基础肉鸡饲料(基础饲料的配方为：45日龄前雏鸡配方组成：玉米65％、豆粕32％、无抗添加剂预混料3％，日采食量为体重的10％左右。45日龄后肉鸡配方组成：玉米71％、豆粕26％、无抗添加剂预混料3％，日采食量为体重的6％左右)中，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为5％。
采用蝉花菌质饲料饲喂肉鸡，实验检测指标结果如下：
①肌苷酸：又名次黄嘌呤核苷酸，鸡肉肉质鲜味特性的主要物质基础是由肌苷酸决定的。如何解决人类在汲取丰富营养物质的同时，又能实现增强口感和食欲的问题，一直是畜牧业生产肩负的历史重任。
喂养本发明蝉花菌质饲料的鸡，在肉质测定结果中，肌苷酸的含量均明显高于基础饲料组，表明在饲料中添加蝉花菌质对于提高鸡肉的鲜味有显著作用。
②滴水损失：在不施加任何外力而只受重力作用的条件下，肌肉蛋白质系统在测定时的液体损失率。滴水损失越低，即系水力越好，肉质越多汁鲜嫩。
结果表明，喂养本发明蝉花菌质饲料的鸡，在肉质测定结果中，滴水损失率明显低于基础饲料组喂养的鸡，表明在饲料中添加蝉花菌质对于提高鸡肉的嫩度有显著作用。
③胸肌率：对于肉鸡而言，胸肌率、腿肌率的含量高低代表肉鸡的品质。
④剪切力：剪切力越小，肉的嫩度越高。
⑤肉色L值：代表肉的鲜亮度，L值越低，肉色越好。
⑥氨基酸含量：喂养蝉花菌质的鸡在必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸及呈味氨基酸方面的含量均高于基础饲料组喂养的鸡。
注：检测方法分别依照：乌骨鸡肉中氨基酸组成和肌苷酸含量的分析[J]，翠丽等，西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(1):90-92；中草药添加剂对林下鸡生长性能、肉质性状及血液指标的影响[D]，姜贺，延边大学,2015。
表1基础饲料组与添加蝉花菌质组喂养的鸡的肉质成分对比
检测指标 基础饲料 实施例4制备的蝉花菌质饲料
肌苷酸(mg/g) 1.31 2.16
滴水损失(％) 8.00 3.07
胸肌率(％) 20.51 22.80
剪切力(kgf) 6.32 4.66
肉色L值 67.33 63.96
必需氨基酸(g/100g) 9.86 11.08
半必需氨基酸(g/100g) 1.83 2.07
非必需氨基酸(g/100g) 9.92 11.23
呈味氨基酸(g/100g) 12.39 14.03
结论：利用蝉花菌质添加到饲料中，对于鸡肉的风味及嫩度均有显著性改善，氨基酸含量较高。
实施例5
取实施例1蝉花菌质，按不同比例添加到肉鸡日粮中(试验基础日粮组成和营养水平见表2)，研究蝉花菌质对AA肉鸡生长性能、血清生化、抗 氧化、脏器指数、胴体品质、肉品质以肌肉氨基酸含量的影响。选用648只1d平均初始体重为42.93±0.47g的AA肉公雏，按体重一致的原则，随机分为6个处理，每处理6个重复，每重复18只鸡，试验期42d。处理1为对照组饲喂基础日粮，2～6组前期(0～21天)分别在基础日粮中添加2％、4％、6％、8％和10％蝉花菌质，后期(22～42天)，2～6组分别在基础日粮中添加1.33％、2.67％、4.00％、5.32％、和6.67％蝉花菌质。
结果表明：
①日粮添加不同水平的蝉花菌质对AA肉鸡肉品质的影响见表3。其中胸肌检测结果表明，42d时，日粮添加5.33％蝉花菌质组的红度显著高于对照组和除日粮添加4.00％蝉花菌质外的其他试验处理组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加呈二次变化(二次，P<0.05)；日粮添加1.33％～2.67％蝉花菌质组的pH 45min显著低于对照组(P＝0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加呈二次变化(二次，P<0.05)；日粮添加2.67％～5.33％蝉花菌质组的剪切力显著低于对照组和日粮添加1.33％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质的增加呈线性和二次变化(一次和二次，P<0.05)；日粮添加2.67％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质的增加呈线性和二次变化(一次和二次，P<0.05)；试验各处理组间的亮度、黄度、pH 24h差异不显著(P>0.05)。
腿肌肉品质检测结果表明，42d时，日粮添加2.67％～6.67％蝉花菌质的滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质的增加呈线性和二次变化(一次和二次，P<0.05)
②在蝉花菌质对肉鸡血清的抗氧化性能影响具体见表4。21d时，日粮添加4％～10％蝉花菌质组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加而升高(一次，P<0.05)，日粮添加10％蝉花菌质组的T-AOC最高；日粮添加6％～10％蝉花菌质组还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)显著高于对照组和日粮添加2％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加线性升高(一次，P<0.05)；日粮添加4％～10％蝉花菌质组的超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)显著高于对照组和日粮添加2％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)；试验各处理组间谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和 丙二醛(MDA)差异不显著(P>0.05)。42d时，日粮添加4.00％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的T-AOC显著高于对照组和日粮添加2.67％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加线性升高(一次，P<0.05)。
③在蝉花菌质对肉鸡组织的抗氧化性能影响见表5。42d时，在肝脏中，日粮添加5.33％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的GSH显著高于对照组和日粮中添加1.33％～4.00％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，日粮添加6.67％蝉花菌质组的GSH最高，显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加呈线性和二次变化(一次和二次，P<0.05)；日粮添加2.67％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的GSH-Px显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，日粮添加5.33％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的GSH-Px显著高于对照组和日粮添加1.33％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加呈线性和二次变化(一次和二次，P<0.05)；日粮添加2.67％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的T-SOD显著高于对照组和日粮添加1.33％蝉花菌质组(P<0.05)，且随着蝉花菌质添加量的增加而升高(一次，P<0.05)；42d时，添加4.00％～6.67％蝉花菌质组的GSH-Px有高于日粮添加2.67％蝉花菌质组的趋势(P＝0.05)；日粮添加2.67％蝉花菌质组的MDA有高于日粮添加5.33％的趋势(P＝0.05)。
表2试验基础日粮组成和营养水平(饲喂基础，％)
项目 0～21d 22～42d
原料    
玉米 59.96 59.95
豆粕 30.39 31.83
鱼粉 3.68 0.40
豆油 2.28 4.16
磷酸氢钙 1.44 1.40
石粉 1.18 1.23
食盐 0.38 0.38
DL-蛋氨酸(98.5％) 0.19 0.15
预混料 ① 0.50 0.50
合计 100.00 100.00
营养水平 ②    
代谢能(Mcal/kg) 3.00 3.10
粗蛋白质 21.57 20.00
钙 1.04 0.90
磷 0.74 0.65
可消化磷 0.50 0.41
赖氨酸 1.23 1.11
蛋氨酸 0.56 0.47
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 0.91 0.81
苏氨酸 0.83 0.77
色氨酸 0.26 0.25
注：①0.5％预混料为每千克配合饲料提供：0～21d预混料给每千克配合饲料提供的物质含量如下：维生素A，7.5～10KIU；维生素D3，2.5～5KIU；维生素E，25.00IU；维生素K3，2.00mg；维生素B1，1.50mg；维生素B2， 6.00mg；维生素B6，3.00mg；维生素B12，12.00ug；烟酸，40.00mg；泛酸，10.00mg；叶酸，0.80mg；生物素，0.10mg的物质含量如下；铁，250mg；铜，22.5mg；锌，100mg；锰，150mg；碘，1.25mg；硒，0.4mg。22～42d预混料给每千克配合饲料提供的物质含量如下:维生素A，7.5～10KIU；维生素D3，2.6～5KIU；维生素E，19.00IU；维生素K3，1.90mg；维生素B1，1.40mg；维生素B2，5.70mg；维生素B6，2.80mg；维生素B12，11.00ug；烟酸，19.00mg；泛酸，11.40mg；叶酸，0.28mg；生物素，75.00ug；铁，250mg；铜，22.5mg；锌，100mg；锰，150mg；碘，1.25mg；硒，0.4mg。
②营养水平除代谢能均为实测值
Figure PCTCN2018114568-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018114568-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018114568-appb-000004
结论：在本实施例试验条件下，0～21d时，日粮添加4％～8％蝉花菌质组的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，以ADG为效应指标时，二次曲线模型评估的AA肉鸡的适宜添加量为60g/kg。22～42d时，相比对照组，日粮添加2.67～5.33％蝉花菌质组剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，日粮添加2.67～6.67％蝉花菌质组滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05)，以剪切力和滴水损失为效应指标时，二次曲线模型评估的AA肉鸡的适宜添加量为53.3g/kg。
实施例6 无抗添加剂预混料的组成
VA 12000IU、VD 3 2500IU、VE 12IU、VK 3 6mg、VB 1 2mg、VB 2 7mg、VB 6 5mg、Me 60mg、Fe 80mg、Cu 8mg、Zn 80mg、I 0.5mg。配方中数值为每公斤饲料供给量。
实施例7 无抗添加剂预混料的组成
VA 12000IU、VD 3 2500IU、VE 12IU、VK 3 6mg、VB 1 2mg、VB 2 7mg、VB 6 5mg、VB 12 0.03mg、VB 3 10mg、VB 11 1mg、VC 85mg、Me 60mg、Fe 80mg、Cu 8mg、Zn 80mg、I 0.5mg。配方中数值为每公斤饲料供给量。
实施例8
一种蝉花饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为5％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为300目，蝉花菌质的含水量为10％(使用快速水分测定仪进行水分测定)；
其中，基础饲料的配方为：45日龄前雏鸡配方组成：玉米65％、豆粕32％、无抗添加剂预混料3％，日采食量为体重的10％左右。45日龄后肉鸡配方组成：玉米71％、豆粕26％、无抗添加剂预混料3％，日采食量为体重的6％左右；
将蝉花菌质和基础饲料混合后制粒，包装后留待肉鸡的饲喂。
其中，蝉花菌质按实施例1制备，无抗添加剂预混料按实施例6制备。
实施例9
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为7％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为300目，蝉花菌质的含水量为6％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例10
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为9％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为300目，蝉花菌质的含水量为3％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例11
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为10％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为300目，蝉花菌质的含水量为5％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例12
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为12％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为300目，蝉花菌质的含水量为8％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例13
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为5％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为200目，蝉花菌质的含水量为10％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例14
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为7％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为200目，蝉花菌质的含水量为6％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例15
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为9％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为200目，蝉花菌质的含水量为3％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例16
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉 花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为10％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为200目，蝉花菌质的含水量为5％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例17
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为12％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为200目，蝉花菌质的含水量为8％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例18
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为5％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为100目，蝉花菌质的含水量为10％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例19
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为7％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为100目，蝉花菌质的含水量为6％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例20
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为9％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为100目，蝉花菌质的含水量为3％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例21
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为10％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为100目，蝉花菌质的含水量为5％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例22
一种蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花菌质，蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比为12％；蝉花菌质的粉碎粒径为100目，蝉花 菌质的含水量为8％；
基础饲料的配方同实施例8。
实施例23
实施例8-22任一蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，基础饲料替换为：45日龄前雏鸡配方组成：玉米60％、棉粕35％、无抗添加剂预混料5％，日采食量为体重的10％左右。45日龄后肉鸡配方组成：玉米75％、棉粕20％、无抗添加剂预混料5％，日采食量为体重的6％左右。
其中，蝉花菌质按实施例2制备，无抗添加剂预混料按实施例7制备。
实施例24
实施例8-22任一蝉花菌质肉鸡饲料，其中，基础饲料替换为：45日龄前雏鸡配方组成：玉米62％、豆粕33％、无抗添加剂预混料5％，日采食量为体重的10％左右。45日龄后肉鸡配方组成：玉米72％、豆粕23％、无抗添加剂预混料5％，日采食量为体重的6％左右。
其中，蝉花菌质按实施例3制备，无抗添加剂预混料采购于浙江威盟饲料科技有限公司。
实施例25
考察蝉花菌质的含水量对饲料成型率和抗碎率的影响(基础饲料组成、蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比、粉碎粒度同实施例8)。结果见表6：
表6蝉花菌质的含水量对成型率、抗碎率的影响
蝉花菌质水分 成型率 抗碎率
3％ 94.59 94.62
4％ 96.12 97.10
5％ 96.18 97.43
6％ 98.55 98.67
7％ 97.85 97.94
8％ 97.61 97.92
9％ 94.56 93.23
10％ 94.30 93.44
通过上表可以得出，当蝉花菌质的含水量为6％时，饲料的成型性及抗 碎率最高。
实施例26
考察蝉花菌质的粉碎粒度对饲料成型率和抗碎率的影响(基础饲料组成、蝉花菌质占饲料总重量的百分比、菌质含水量同实施例8)。结果见表7：
表7蝉花菌质的粉碎目数对成型率、抗碎率的影响
蝉花菌质粉碎目数 成型率 抗碎率
100目 96.58 96.67
200目 96.22 95.49
300目 98.66 98.71
通过上表可以得出，当蝉花菌质的水分为6％时，粉碎目数为300目时，饲料的成型性及抗碎率较高。
综上所述，所进行实施的实例，仅为本发明的较佳实例，不以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的变化，均属本发明专利涵盖的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 提高家禽类生长和免疫的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料包括基础饲料和蝉花。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于0.1％；优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于1％；进一步优选的，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比不低于3％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比为3％～12％。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花占饲料总重量的百分比为4％～8％。
  5. 如权利要求1～4任一项所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花选自蝉花子实体、菌丝体、孢子粉，或蝉花菌质、蝉花提取物。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花为蝉花菌质。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花菌质的含水量为3～10％。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述蝉花菌质的腺苷含量为0.02％～0.04％，甘露醇的含量为1％～2％。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的蝉花饲料，其特征在于，所述基础饲料包括能量饲料、蛋白饲料和添加剂预混料。
  10. 蝉花或蝉花菌质在制备具有提高家禽类生长和免疫的饲料中的应用。
PCT/CN2018/114568 2017-12-27 2018-11-08 一种提高家禽类生长和免疫力的蝉花饲料 WO2019128487A1 (zh)

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