WO2019127207A1 - 一种快干阻燃多功能聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种快干阻燃多功能聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019127207A1
WO2019127207A1 PCT/CN2017/119344 CN2017119344W WO2019127207A1 WO 2019127207 A1 WO2019127207 A1 WO 2019127207A1 CN 2017119344 W CN2017119344 W CN 2017119344W WO 2019127207 A1 WO2019127207 A1 WO 2019127207A1
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flame
flame retardant
retardant
polyurethane foaming
foaming material
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PCT/CN2017/119344
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郝新敏
刘丽
蒋孙龙
黄杰
郭亚飞
张长琦
乔荣荣
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中央军委后勤保障部军需装备研究所
上海大学
李宁(中国)体育用品有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/119344 priority Critical patent/WO2019127207A1/zh
Publication of WO2019127207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127207A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/521Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04Polyurethanes
    • C08L75/08Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

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  • the invention relates to a quick-drying flame-retardant multifunctional polyurethane foaming material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of polymer foaming.
  • Hemp is widely cultivated in China and is a cannabis crop in the traditional sense. Hemp consists of three parts: stalk core, phloem and pith.
  • the research on hemp is mainly focused on the application of bast fiber.
  • the hemp stalk core which accounts for 70-80% of the total stalk weight, is generally used as a fuel incineration or directly as a waste, thus not only causing environmental pollution, but also causing waste of resources. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to turn the hemp into a treasure.
  • Naturally dry sweat powder contains a certain amount of water, the main components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
  • Polyurethane (abbreviated as polyurethane), English name Polyurethane (PU), usually formed by the stepwise addition polymerization of hydroxyl-containing polyether, polyester polyol and polyisocyanate.
  • Polyurethanes are widely used in foams, coatings, adhesives, synthetic leathers, elastomers and elastic fibers due to their excellent material properties and a wide range of products.
  • PU foam is the most widely used, accounting for 70% of the total polyurethane, with an annual growth rate of more than 7%.
  • the polyurethane foamed material has disadvantages such as easy growth of bacteria, easy burning, and the like, and therefore it is required to be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant antibacterial polyurethane foaming material and a preparation method thereof.
  • the invention adopts a compound polyol and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanate as raw materials, and a hemp stalk core powder as a reinforcing filler, phosphoric acid.
  • Triethyl ester as a flame retardant improves the shortcomings of polyurethane foaming materials which are easy to burn and easy to breed bacteria.
  • the flame-retardant antibacterial polyurethane foaming material provided by the invention is made of the following parts by mass ratio:
  • Isocyanate having an isocyanate index of from 0.9 to 1.4 with the polyether polyol
  • the isocyanate index is the ratio of the isocyanate to the equivalent weight of the polyether polyol.
  • the flame-retardant antibacterial polyurethane foaming material is specifically made of a component having a mass fraction ratio of any one of the following 1) to 3):
  • Isocyanate which has an isocyanate index of 1.1 with the polyether polyol
  • the isocyanate has an isocyanate index of 1.1 with the polyether polyol.
  • the polyether polyol may be a polyoxypropylene diol (PPG) or a flame retardant polyol;
  • the polyoxypropylene diol may specifically be 330N, which is glycerin as a starting agent, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are polymerized monomers, containing a relatively high primary hydroxyl active component, ethylene oxide capping, molecular weight A universal polyether polyol of 4,800 is achieved.
  • the flame retardant polyol may specifically be FR-212, has a long-lasting stable flame retardant effect, and is excellent in flame retardancy.
  • the flame retardant may be a phosphate flame retardant such as triethyl phosphate.
  • the crosslinking reaction catalyst may be A33, that is, a 33% triethylenediamine solution
  • the foaming reaction catalyst may be A1, a solution of 70% bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether dipropylene glycol.
  • the surfactant may be a silicone oil surfactant, such as silicone oil B8716, which is a non-hydrolyzable organic modified silicone, and belongs to a high resilience foam stabilizer.
  • the blowing agent may be water, such as deionized water
  • the isocyanate may be a polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanate, specifically a polyisocyanate PM200.
  • the hemp stalk core powder has a particle diameter of 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the polyurethane foaming material has the disadvantages of easy growth of bacteria, easy burning, and the like.
  • the invention imparts antibacterial properties to the polyurethane foaming material through the addition of the hemp stalk core powder, and the flame retardant triethyl phosphate is added to improve the resistance of the polyurethane foaming material. Combustion performance; in addition, the addition of hemp stalk core powder increases the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethane foamed materials.
  • the flame-retardant antibacterial polyurethane foaming material provided by the invention can be prepared according to the following method:
  • the flame-retardant antibacterial polyurethane foaming material is obtained by foaming in a mold and aging.
  • the polyether polyol 330N has a hydroxyl value of 28 mg KOH/g, which is purchased from Changzhou Zhongya Chemical Co., Ltd.;
  • the polyisocyanate PM200 has an NCO content of 30.50%, which was purchased from Wanhua Chemical Co., Ltd.;
  • Catalysts A1 and A33 were purchased from American Gas Company;
  • Silicone oil surfactant B8716 purchased from Evonik Degussa Co., Ltd.
  • Polyether polyol 330N 85g, polyether polyol FR-212 15g, flame retardant triethyl phosphate 5g, catalyst A1 0.5g, hemp stalk core powder 0g (ie no hemp stalk core powder), cross-linking 0.2 g of reaction catalyst A33, 0.5 g of foaming reaction catalyst, 1.7 g of surfactant B8716, and 4 g of blowing agent water were added to a plastic cup according to the formula dosage, and uniformly mixed by stirring at a speed of 2000 rpm for 35 s to obtain an A component.
  • hemp stalk core powder greatly improves the antibacterial rate of the polyurethane foaming material, and proves that the hemp stalk core powder imparts antibacterial properties to the polyurethane foaming material.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention provides a polyurethane foam material with dual functionality, which improves the disadvantage that the polyurethane foam material is easy to burn and is easy to breed bacteria.
  • the invention uses the hemp stalk core powder as a filler, enables the agricultural waste to be effectively utilized, turns waste into treasure, reduces the production cost, and reduces the environmental pollution caused by the agricultural waste treatment process.
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial flame-retardant polyurethane foaming material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, no special equipment, easy industrialization, and is more green and environmentally friendly than the traditional formula in the production process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种快干阻燃多功能聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法。本发明利用天然的汉麻秆芯粉体和阻燃剂赋予了聚氨酯发泡材料的抗菌性和阻燃性,由下述质量份数比的组分制成:聚醚多元醇80~120,阻燃剂5~25,汉麻秆芯粉5~25,交联反应催化剂0~0.5,发泡反应催化剂0~0.5,表面活性剂0.5~1.5,发泡剂1~4.0,异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为0.9~1.4。本发明通过汉麻秆芯粉体和阻燃剂的加入,改善了聚氨酯发泡材料易燃烧、易滋生细菌的缺点,且制备方法工艺简单、生产成本低、不需要特殊设备、易工业化,生产过程中相比传统配方更绿色环保。

Description

一种快干阻燃多功能聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种快干阻燃多功能聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法,属于高分子发泡领域。
背景技术
汉麻在我国种植广泛,是传统意义上的大麻作物。汉麻由秆芯部、韧皮部和髓部三部分组成,对汉麻的研究主要集中在对其韧皮纤维的应用上。而其中占全秆重量的70~80%的汉麻秆芯,一般作为燃料焚烧或直接当做废物而填埋,这样不仅造成了环境污染,同时也造成了资源的浪费。因此,将汉麻变废为宝具有重要的现实意义。自然干燥的汗麻杆粉含有一定的水分,主要成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素。
表1 汉麻秆芯粉主要成分含量
组成 含水率/% 纤维素/% 半纤维素/% 木质素/% 灰分/%
含量 10.6 41.2 20.3 25.1 2.8
聚氨基甲酸酯(简称聚氨酯),英文名Polyurethane(PU),通常由含有羟基的聚醚、聚酯多元醇与多异氰酸酯经逐步加成聚合而成。聚氨酯因材料性能优异,制品种类多,广泛应用于泡沫塑料、涂料、粘合剂、合成皮革、弹性体和弹性纤维等方面。其中尤以PU泡沫塑料的用途最为广泛,约占聚氨酯总量的70%,年增长率在7%以上。然而聚氨酯发泡材料存在容易滋生细菌、容易燃烧等缺点,因此需要对其进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料及其制备方法,本发明采用复配多元醇和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯为原料,汉麻秆芯粉作为补强填料,磷酸三乙酯作为阻燃剂,改善了聚氨酯发泡材料易燃烧、易滋生细菌的缺点。
本发明所提供的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,由下述质量份数比的组分制成:
聚醚多元醇     80~120,
阻燃剂         5~25,
汉麻秆芯粉     5~25,
交联反应催化剂 0.1~0.5,
发泡反应催化剂 0.1~0.5,
表面活性剂     0.5~1.5,
发泡剂         1~4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为0.9~1.4,
所述异氰酸酯指数为所述异氰酸酯与所述聚醚多元醇的当量之比。
所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料具体由下述1)-3)中任一种的质量份数比的组分制成:
1)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂    5~20,
汉麻秆芯粉   5~25,
交联反应催化剂 0.2~0.5,
发泡反应催化剂 0.2~0.5,
表面活性剂   0.5~1.5,
发泡剂      1~4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1;
2)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂         5~20,
汉麻秆芯粉     5~25,
交联反应催化剂 0.2,
发泡反应催化剂 0.5,
表面活性剂     1.7,
发泡剂         4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1;
3)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂         5,
汉麻秆芯粉     15,
交联反应催化剂 0.2,
发泡反应催化剂 0.5,
表面活性剂     1.7,
发泡剂         4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1;
4)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂         20,
汉麻秆芯粉     25,
交联反应催化剂 0.2,
发泡反应催化剂 0.5,
表面活性剂     1.7,
发泡剂         4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1;
5)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂         20,
汉麻秆芯粉     10,
交联反应催化剂 0.2,
发泡反应催化剂 0.5,
表面活性剂     1.7,
发泡剂         4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1;
6)聚醚多元醇   100,
阻燃剂         20,
汉麻秆芯粉     5,
交联反应催化剂 0.2,
发泡反应催化剂 0.5,
表面活性剂     1.7,
发泡剂        4.0,
异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为1.1。
所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料中,所述聚醚多元醇可为聚氧化丙烯二 醇(PPG)或阻燃多元醇;
所述聚氧化丙烯二醇具体可为330N,其为以甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷为聚合单体,含有较高伯羟基活性成份,环氧乙烷封端,分子量达到4800的通用聚醚多元醇。
所述阻燃多元醇具体可为FR-212,具有持久稳定的阻燃效果,且阻燃性能优异。
所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料中,所述阻燃剂可为磷酸酯类阻燃剂,如磷酸三乙酯。
所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料中,所述交联反应催化剂可为A33,即33%的三乙烯二胺溶液;
所述发泡反应催化剂可为A1,即70%双(二甲胺基乙基)醚的二丙二醇溶液。
所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料中,所述表面活性剂可为硅油类表面活性剂,如硅油B8716,为非水解性的有机改性硅氧烷,属于一种高回弹泡沫稳定剂。
所述发泡剂可为水,如去离子水;
所述异氰酸酯可为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,具体可为聚异氰酸酯PM200。
所述汉麻秆芯粉的粒径为10~100μm。
基于聚氨酯发泡材料存在容易滋生细菌、容易燃烧等缺点,本发明通过汉麻秆芯粉的加入赋予了聚氨酯发泡材料抗菌性能,同时加入阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯改善聚氨酯发泡材料的阻燃性能;另外汉麻秆芯粉的加入在一定范围内增加了聚氨酯发泡材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能。
本发明提供的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料可按照下述方法进行制备:
将所述聚醚多元醇、所述阻燃剂、所述汉麻秆芯粉、所述交联反应催化剂、所述发泡反应催化剂剂、所述表面活性剂和所述发泡剂混合均匀(如用高速搅拌器下快速搅拌:2000rpm速率下搅拌35s)均匀混合得混合物,将所述异氰酸酯注入至所述混合物中,经搅拌(如快速搅拌:在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s)后倒入模具中进行发泡,经熟化,即得所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例所采用的原料购买出处:
聚醚多元醇330N的羟值为28mg KOH/g,购自常州中亚化工;
聚异氰酸酯PM200的NCO含量为30.50%,购于万华化学有限公司;
催化剂A1、A33购于美国气体公司;
硅油类表面活性剂B8716,购于赢创德固赛有限公司。
汉麻秆芯粉,中国人民解放军军事科学院军需工程技术研究所提供;
去离子水,自制。
对比例1、
将聚醚多元醇330N 85g、聚醚多元醇FR-212 15g、阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯5g、催化剂A1 0.5g、汉麻秆芯粉0g(即不加入汉麻秆芯粉)、交联反应催化剂A33 0.2g、发泡反应催化剂0.5g、表面活性剂B8716 1.7g、发泡剂水4g,按配方用量加入塑料杯中,用高速搅拌器2000rpm速率下搅拌35s均匀混合,得A组分;用针管定量吸取B组分(聚异氰酸酯PM200)70g迅速注入到A组分中,在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s,迅速倒入模具中静置自由发泡;室温下熟化24h,得到抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料。
实施例1、
将聚醚多元醇330N 85g、聚醚多元醇FR-212 15g、阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯10g、催化剂A1 0.5g、汉麻秆芯粉15g、交联反应催化剂A33 0.2g、发泡反应催化剂0.5g、表面活性剂B8716 1.7g、发泡剂水4g,按配方用量加入塑料杯中,用高速搅拌器2000rpm速率下搅拌35s均匀混合,得A组分;用针管定量吸取B组分(聚异氰酸酯PM200)70g迅速注入到A组分中,在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s,迅速倒入模具中静置自由发泡;室温下熟化24h,得到抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料。
实施例2、
将聚醚多元醇330N 85g、聚醚多元醇FR-212 15g、阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯20g、催化剂A1 0.5g、汉麻秆芯粉25g、交联反应催化剂A33 0.2g、发泡反应催化剂0.5g、表面活性剂B8716 1.7g、发泡剂水4g,按配方用量加入塑料杯中,用高速搅拌器2000rpm速率下搅拌35s均匀混合,得A组分;用针管定量吸取B组分(聚异氰酸酯PM200)70g迅速注入到A组分中,在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s,迅速倒入模具中静置自由发泡;室温下熟化24h,得到抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料。
实施例3、
将聚醚多元醇330N 85g、聚醚多元醇FR-212 15g、阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯20g、催化剂A1 0.5g、汉麻秆芯粉10g、交联反应催化剂A33 0.2g、发泡反应催化剂0.5g、表面活性剂B8716 1.7g、发泡剂水4g,按配方用量加入塑料杯中,用高速搅拌器2000rpm速率下搅拌35s均匀混合,得A组分;用针管定量吸取B组分(聚异氰酸酯PM200)70g迅速注入到A组分中,在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s,迅速倒入模具中静置自由发泡;室温下熟化24h,得到抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料。
实施例4、
将聚醚多元醇330N 85g、聚醚多元醇FR-212 15g、阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯20g、催化剂A1 0.5g、汉麻秆芯粉5g、交联反应催化剂A33 0.2g、发泡反应催化剂0.5g、表面活性剂B8716 1.7g、发泡剂水4g,按配方用量加入塑料杯中,用高速搅拌器2000rpm速率下搅拌35s均匀混合,得A组分;用针管定量吸取B组分(聚异氰酸酯PM200)70g迅速注入到A组分中,在2000rpm速率下高速搅拌7s,迅速倒入模具中静置自由发泡;室温下熟化24h,得到抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料。
实施例1-4与对比例1制备的聚氨酯发泡材料的性能如表2中所示:
表2 实施例1~4和对比例1制备的聚氨酯发泡材料的性能
Figure PCTCN2017119344-appb-000001
由表2中的数据可以看出,汉麻秆芯粉的加入使聚氨酯发泡材料抗菌率大幅度提高,证明了汉麻秆芯粉赋予了聚氨酯发泡材料的抗菌性能。
工业应用
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种具有双功能性的聚氨酯发泡材料,改善了聚氨酯发泡材料易燃烧、易滋生细菌的缺点。
本发明以汉麻秆芯粉作为填料,使农业废弃物得到有效利用,变废为宝,在降低生产成本的同时,降低了这些农业废弃物处理过程对环境所造成的污染。
本发明提供的抗菌阻燃聚氨酯发泡材料的制备方法工艺简单、生产成本低、不需要特殊设备、易工业化,生产过程中相比传统配方更绿色环保。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,由下述质量份数比的组分制成:
    Figure PCTCN2017119344-appb-100001
    异氰酸酯,其与所述聚醚多元醇的异氰酸酯指数为0.9~1.4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,其特征在于:所述聚醚多元醇为聚氧化丙烯二醇或阻燃多元醇。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,其特征在于:所述阻燃剂为磷酸酯类燃剂。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,其特征在于:所述交联反应催化剂为A33;
    所述发泡反应催化剂为A1。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂为硅油类表面活性剂。
    所述发泡剂为水;
    所述异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
  6. 权利要求1-5中任一项所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    将所述聚醚多元醇、所述阻燃剂、所述汉麻秆芯粉、所述交联反应催化剂、所述发泡反应催化剂剂、所述表面活性剂和所述发泡剂混合均匀得混合物,将所述异氰酸酯注入至所述混合物中,经搅拌后倒入模具中进行发泡,经熟化,即得所述阻燃抗菌聚氨酯发泡材料。
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